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Bobbi Brown Teenage Beauty
Everything You Need To Look Pretty
Natural Sexy
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 Bobbi Brown Teenage
Beauty Everything You
Need To Look Pretty
Natural Sexy

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 A DICTIONARY OF THE NEW ZEALAND: LANGUAGE; TO
WHICH IS ADDED A SELECTION OF COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES. BY
THE RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM WILLIAMS, D.C.L.. ’ BISHOP OF
WAIAPU, NEW ZEALAND. THIRD EDITION WITH NUMEROUS
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS AND AN INTRODUCTION RY THE
VENERABLE W. L. WILLIAMS, B.A. ARCHDEACON OF WAIAPU.
WILLIAMS AND NORGATE, a HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON; = 20, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBUR’ 1871.
a — ———
 ie be CORRIGENDA. --— Nore.—The failure of the attempt
to get this book printed _*in New Zealand involved the necessity of
sending it home, where it could not have the Editor’s supervision as
the shects passed through the press; hence the deplorable number
of typographical errors which disfigure its pages. It is desirable that
the following corrections should be made with the pen before the
book is used, Errors, the correct reading of which is obvious, are not
included in this list, 165012 ek
 CORRIGENDA. Page viii., line 29, for maniana read
maniania, »» note, line 6, for“ kese” read “kehe,” and dele “ in the
Sandwich Island dialect. * * 1,-col. 2, line 18, for kuiwai read Kuiwai.
» 93, » 1, , 21, for Auareka reed Ahuareka. ” 3, 9) 99 « 82, for Ne
read He. ” 8, » 1, 5, 14, for ninu read rimu, * 8, 5 2, ,, from bottom,
for ta read te. » 12, , 1, ,, 18 from bottom, for Ainake read Auinake.
» 12, , 1, ,, 2from bottom, for Araki read Auraki. » 12, 45 2, ,, 10,
for karewa vead Karewa. » 14 ,, 1, 4 10, for gi read ki, » 15, 5 1, ,,
22, for kaupa read kainga. » 15, , 2, 4 8, for tiread te. » 15, , 2, ,,
16 from bottom, for humariae read humarire. » 15, 5, 2, ,, 6 from
bottom, for ou read or. » 17, 5, 1, 5. 11, forv. t. read v. i. >> 17, » 2,
5, 2, for to read te. » 18, ,, 1, ,, 18, for heri read heoi. » 19, ,, 2, ,,
19 from bottom, for the read she. 2, ,, 11, for trawaread Arawa. »
24 5, 1, ,, 9, for keoi read heoi. » 25, 4, 2, 4, 5, for Kikarohia read
Hikarohia. » 29, 5, 2, 4, 9 from bottom, for strine read shine, » 29, 5
2, ,, 4from bottom, for kampango read karupango, » 26, ,, 2, ,, 8
from bottom, for karewa read Karewa, » 27, g 1, 4, 21, forareade. »
27, 5, 1, 5, 26, for mauie read marie. » 27, 5) 2, 4, 15, for nai read
na. » 27, , 2, ,, 20 from bottom, for to read te. » 28, 4 1, 5,. 6, forre
read te. » 28, 5, 2, ,, 5-from bottom, for kokai read hokai, » 29, 5,
1, ,, 12, for kokehokea read hokehokea. » 31, 5, 1, ,, 24, for burut
read burnt. 9 0 ls 4% 2) 05-16 from bottom, for Hona read Houa. »
982, 45, 2, ,, 17 from bottom, for maki read mahi, 16, for siliccous
read siliceous. yy eae & * line, for whuia read whiua. » 84, ,, 2, line
6, for the read te. » 85, 4, 1, ,, 38, dele comma after huri. » 985, ,,
2, 5, 28, for stunded read stunted. » 36, 5, 1, .,, 28, dele te. 2»
9387, 5, 1, ,, 4, for haukia marange read hau, kia — » 88, 5, 2, 4, 21
from bottom, for ho read ko, » 939, 5 1, ,, 9, for WHina read WHiua.
» 41, , 1, ,, 9 from bottom, for Ke read Ko. » 42, ,, 1, ,, 18 from
bottom, for price read prize. » 43, ,, 1, ,, 16 from bottom, for ke
read he. » 49, , 2, ,, 5, for Katahanga read Kautahanga. 2, ,,. 6, for
ponaka read pouaka. » 2, 5 1, ,. 14 from bottom, for whina read
whiua. » 52, ,, 2, ,, 19 from bottom, for Lest read Let. » 92, , 2, 8
from bottom, for tangata read tangatanga. * ~~ eo 8 a “ _ “ » 4, ,
1, 4 7, for Kititona read Kiritona. » 54 4 2, 5, 7 from bottom, for tana
read taua. » 9 5, 1 ,, 28, for koaru read koaro, » 955, 4 1 ,, 38 from
bottom, for Koehoea read Koekoea. »» 959, 5 2 ,, 18 from bottom,
for hoangaw—,read kohangaw—. » 58 4 2 ,, 16, for whahak, read
whakak, » 98, 5, 2, ,, 8 from bottom, for place read circumstance, »
59, , 1, ,, 1, insert semicolon after slanting. » 60, ,, 2, ,, 20 from
bottom, for longata read levigata. » 61, , 1, ,, 17 from bottom, for
Kopohuri read Kopuhuri. » 63 ,, 1, ,, 9 from bottom, read
Koroingoingo. » 64 ,, 2, ,, 15, for light read bight, » 66, ,, 2, ,, 20
from bottom, for Koweka read Kowheka. » 67, 5, 1, 5, 18, for termi-
read tenui-.
 * col. 2, line 7 from bottom, for sewed read served. » 1, »
5 from bottom, for -niu read -nui. » 23, matua with u short. »» 10,
for position read »» 18, for to read te. » 11 from bottom, for make
read anake. » 19, for of read off. » 2 from bottom, for Nanawa read
Nanawe, » 22 from bottom, for whina read whiua, » % from bottom,
for sheel read shell. » 3 from bottom, for wahie read kamaka. » 14,
for NGeni read NGeru, » 13, for ponaka read pouaka, » 23, for tanga
read tangata. » 37, for Te read To, Page 23 * 2S *
RSSRESSSESESERR = ẽ oe. 2S eC. €. 8 —⏑ ——— PP PpPpP PP PP
PP eee oH om St Bo 27, for niai read mai. 37, for eread a. 2, for
point read joint. $ from bottom, for To read Te, 2 from bottom, for
orua read oma. 21, for ma read rua. 21, for to read te. » 2 from
bottom, insert he before raupo. » 24from bottom, for mater read
water. — — — F + F cee. 8 ——— — és » 113, ,, » 20, foro read e.
ays | Sa » 19, forma read rua. ae: oe » 10 from bottom, for Komai
read Homai. » 118, » 21, for papatu read papatua » 120, ,, 1, after
line 12, insert Poporoihewa, n. a bird. a a 190 ne nesioe nl anagem c
ie = eae » 124, ,» 1, » 22 from bottom, for Ho read He, » 1%, , 2, »
19 from bottom, for hi read ki, » 125, » 2 » 12 fcom bottom, for na
read ua. » 126, , 1, , 4from bottom, for Parakau read Purakau. »
127, » 2 » 24from bottom, for Ke read Ka. » 1238, , 1, » 21, for
pokaka read poaka. » 130, , 2, , % from bottom, for tinaua read
tinana, » 134, 5 2, » 24,for ke read te. » 16, , 2, » 4 from bottom,
for ki read kia. » 135, » 1, » 14 from bottom, for Rotao read Retao,
» 140, , 1, » 18,forruawhine reed ruwahine, » lil, ,, 1, last line, for
rire read riu. » 141, , 2, line 11 from bottom, for te read ta, » 142, 4,
1, last line, for keoi read heoi. »» 142, 4, 2 line 5, for for read far. »
143, » 1, » 17 from bottom, for Ho read He. » M4, » 2 » 18, for
kawa read kowa. w» 14, » 2 » 1, for Tainaki read Tainahi. » M7, » Le
— M4, for Takahau reed Takakau,. » 150, , 2 » 18,for Aua te read
Aua e. » U1, » 1, » 12,forOreadE. » 151, » 2 » 21 from bottom, for
hua read hoa, » 154, » 2 | 5, Sor Tapukitia, read Tapuhitia, » 159, »
1, 4, 6 from bottom, for Hei read Heoi. »» 160, , 1, », 3 from
bottom, insert ana before to. » 171, » 1, » 12 from bottom, for
Tiwaki read Tiwhaki. » 172, » 1, » 18 from bottom, for ai read ia, »
173, » 1, 9 2 from bottom, for stempost read sternpost. » 18, » 1, »
2,for ngu read nga, oy 181, » 2 w» 14, for ke read he. » 181, » 2 »
27, foriaread a. » 182, » 1, » 7, for toana read tana, » 183, » 1, » 5,
for for read of. » 190, ,, 2, » % from bottom, for tana read tane, »
191, » 1, y 19, for haki read kaki. » Wl, , 2 » 6 from bottom, for Kai
read Ka. » 192, », 1, » 9,for WHahikitia read WHarikitia.
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accurate

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 —v ——— PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. Tue principal
feature in this edition of the Maori Dictionary, which calls for special
notice, is the arrangement of the words. There are certain changes
in form which are applicable to a very large proportion of the words
in the language, and especially to adjectives and verbs. These
changes are effected by the reduplication of one _ or more syllables,
by prefixing the causative ‘whaka’, and by the addition of a
termination which forms a derivative noun. It has been thought
better therefore, in this edition, not to place all words so changed in
alphabetical order, as so many independent words ; but to group
them all under the simple forms, and to give, in an Introduction, an
explanation of their usual effect in modifying the meaning of a word.
If, therefore, a word having one or two syllables repeated, or a word
beginning with ‘whaka’, or a word with the termination of a
derivative noun, cannot be found in its place, according to the
alphabetical order of the letters, it may be looked for under the
simpler form of the word. Thus, papae, paepae, whakapae, paenga
and whakapaenga may all be looked for under pae, and
whakamaharahara and whakamaharatanga may be looked for under
the simple form, mahara. If, in any such case, the particular
development of the word is not to be found under the simple form,
the meaning may be ascertained by a reference to the Introduction.
A little experience will soon shew the advantage of haying these
various forms of each word thus grouped together. *
 lv PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. The accents have
been omitted, and the quantity of the vowels, as being of much
more importance, has been indicated by the usual long and short
marks. Rules for accentuation are appended to the Introduction. The
first, or Maori and English portion of the work has been submitted to
very careful revision, and the additions amount to upwards of 1200
genuine Maori words, without reckoning the reduplicated forms, the
causatives with ‘whaka’, or the derivative nouns. The large number
of corrections and additions and the alteration in the general plan of
the work have involved the necessity of re-writing the whole. It
would be a great achievement, if it were possible, to obtain a
collection of ali known Maori words, with well authenticated
examples of genuine Maori usage. This book makes no pretension to
any such completeness. The difficulty of the task of collecting words
can be fully appreciated by those only who have made trial of it. To
make a collection at all approaching to completeness would require
the co-operation of a number of individuals, each working in a
different district, for there are many words, which, though well
known in one district, may be absolutely unknown in another. Nor is
it so easy to procure good illustrative examples as it may be
imagined to be. A large number of examples have been taken from
the “Mythology and Traditions of the New Zealanders” edited by Sir
G. Grey, and published in London in the year 1854. The numbers
appended to many of the examples now given refer to the pages of
that work from which they have been taken. The other examples
have for the most part either been copied from Maori letters or other
writings or they have been taken down on the spot from the lips of
Maori speakers. The second part, containing the English and Maori
vocabulary has undergone very little alteration. The Colloquial
sentences remain as they were before, and the concise Grammar
has been omitted altogether, as it may be considered to have been
superseded by works which have been subsequently published.
Turanea, DecemBer, 1869.
 EXTRACT FROM THE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. v
EXTRACT FROM THE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. It has
indeed been proposed by some, that the New Zealand language
should be discouraged as much as possible, and that the Natives
should at once be instructed in English. It must be allowed that, if
such a plan were practicable, the advantages arising from it would
be great; and civilization cannot advance so favourably without it.
Let this difficulty be once overcome, and the immense fund of
information to be gathered from books in our own language is
thrown open to this interesting people. But a knowledge of facts tells
us the acquisition of English by the New Zealanders will only be
partial, even in those districts in which our principal settlements are
made, while the larger portion of the Natives will hold but little
intercourse with our countrymen, who will have no inducement to
settle in those districts which the Natives generally prefer. That it will
be difficult to persuade the Natives, as a people, to adopt our
language to the disuse of their own, may be inferred from the fact,
that the Irish and Welsh, even though living in the heart of English
towns, continue to use their favourite tongue, and that, too, after
our connection, as one people, has continued for many centuries.
While, therefore, every encouragement should be given to the
Natives to learn English, it will not be the less necessary for those,
whose position brings them into frequent communication with this
people, to learn their language; and, it is interesting to know that
many are ready to make use of every help which may be afforded
them. As these attempts are persevered in, it is likely that a great
accession of valuable materials will ere long be made from various
sources. If, in the meantime, the present Compilation shall be the
means of assisting those who are disposed to prosecute the study,—
though it be only as a ground-work for something more extensively
useful hereafter, it will have served the purpose for which it was
undertaken. Turanea, 1844.
 vi ADVERTISEMENT. ADVERTISEMENT, In the first part of
this Dictionary, the English words which are printed in Italics are to
be regarded as the meanings, or English equivalents of the Maori
words or sentences to which they are appended. Mere descriptions
of words which may or may not have English equivalents, are
printed in Roman type.
 INTRODUCTION, There does not appear to be any real
necessity for encumbering the pages of a dictionary by treating as so
many distinct words what are, in fact, only different regular uses of
the same word. In an English dictionary, for example, no one would
expect to find the plural form of every noun treated as a distinct
word. But we may go further even than the usual practice in English
dictionaries, and say that there is no necessity for setting down all
the regularly formed participles, and the nouns ending in -er, as
distinct words: for no one, who is acquainted with the habits of
ordinary English verbs, would fail to see at a glance the meaning of
such words as “doer”, “doing” &c., as soon as he had ascertained the
meaning of the verb from which they are regularly derived. Nor
again, when one hears or uses the expression, “a stone house”, is it
necessary to consider the word “stone” as an adjective, distinct from
the noun “stone”, because it happens, in this particular instance, to
be used as an adjective, any more than we should say that there is
also an adverb, “stone”, to explain such an expression as, “stone
dead”. But when the attempt is not made to present each word
under every variety of form, and in every possible position in which
it may be found in the language, it becomes the more important that
the various modifications of form to which any word is liable should
be pointed out, and that the effect which such modifications usually
have upon the meaning of the word should be explained. This is the
intention of the present introduction.
 Vili INTRODUCTION. § i. REDUPLICATION. Adjectives and
verbs are modified both in form and meaning by the reduplication of
one or both of the syllables of the root*. An adjective, with the first
syllable of the root doubled, becomes plural: thus, He rakau pai, a
good tree. He rakau papai, good trees. It is to be observed however
that the simple form is used both as singular and plural; the
reduplicated form, as plural only. The effect of doubling both
syllables of the root is to diminish the intensity of the meaning of the
adjective, thus; Mate, sick. Matemate, sickly. Wera, hot. Werawera,
rather hot; warm. In the case of verbs, the effect of the two kinds of
reduplication is somewhat different. The reduplication of the first syl-
. lable of the root denotes either, 1. a prolongation or continuance of
the action with increased intensity, or, 2. a mutual action; while the
doubling of both syllables of the root gives the verb a frequentative
force, denoting that the action is frequently repeated, the intensity
being diminished. Thus kimo denotes the ordinary involuntary
winking of the eyes; kikimo denotes that the eyes are closed and
kept fast closed; kimokimo again, denotes a frequent winking.—Kei
te whaia tonutia te Hauhau e te Kawanatanga: kaore ano i tae noa
mai he korero o te pipiritanga. The Hauhaus are still pursued by the
colonial forces: no tidings have yet reached us of their having joined
battle.—Hopuhopu kau ana; ka mate nga atua o Puarata; He caught
Puarata’s atua one after onother, and thus they were destroyed. In
words of three syllables, the doubling of both syllables of the root
causes a euphonious lengthening of the first syllable. Mania,
slippery, becomes maniana; and tinei, extinguish, becomes tineinei.
§ ii. WHAKA. Nouns, adjectives and verbs may all have a prefix,
whaka, (sometimes contracted to wha), the effect of which is to
make a * Most simple Maori words seem to be formed from a di-
syllabic root; some consisting of the root only, and others of the root
and a prefixed syllable. Of the prefixed syllables, mä generally
constitutes the word an adjective. Long vowels and diphthongs are
equivalent in this respect. to two syllables, a consonant having
certainly in some cases, if not in all, been dropped: thus “ke”,
different, is, in the Tonga dialect, kese“, and “tai’’, sea, is, in the
Sandwich Island dialect, “tahi’”.
 INTRODUCTION. ix causal verb. WHakatangata signifies
make into a man, or treat as a man; whakapai, make good, or
pronounce good; whakanoho, cause to sit; whakamohio, cause to
know. Nouns and some adjectives, haying whaka thus prefixed, are
often used intransitively, when they have a reflex signification, it
being assumed that, where no object is expressed, the agent is
himself the object of his own action. Thus whakatikay straighten, is
commonly used, without an object expressed, to signify straighten
oneself, or stand up; whakatamariki, act the part of a child;
whakatane, play the man*. § iii. Passtve TERMINATIONS. The usual
passive terminatinos of verbs are -a, -ia, -hia, -hia, _ -mia, -ngia, -
ria, -tia, -whia, na, ina, whina. Thus Poro becomes poroa; W
Hawhati » wWwhatiia; Waru ie waruhia; Moto ‘ motokia; Horo »
horomia; Rere » vrerengia; Mau a mauria ; Awhi » awhitia;
WHawhao » Whaowhia, and whaowhina; Tiki » tikina; Aroha »
arohaina. It is questionable whether any rule can be laid down for
ap_ plying one termination rather than another to any given verb.
Usage varies in different parts of the country so much that it ap_
pears to be mere matter of custom, some regard being paid to _
euphony. Intransitive, as well as transitive, verbs have a passive
voice, requiring the addition of a preposition, in English, to make the
_ sense complete. Thus, haere, go; haerea, be travelled over; noho,
sit; nohoia, be sat upon. : ; Some adverbs, and all adjectives when
used adverbially, take _ one or other of the above terminations
whenever the verbs with _ which they are connected are passive.
Example. Tokowha o ona _ hoa i kainga katoatia e ia; There were
four of his companions who were devoured entirely by him. * This
reflex use is met with in other words besides those compounded
with whaka. Neke, v.t. move, if no object is expressed, is always
understood to mean, move oneself. he
 * INTRODUCTION. Nouns will also be met with
occasionally, carrying the termination of a passive verb. This form
expresses a change as having taken place into that which the noun
signifies. Thus, Koroua signifies o/d man; Kua korouatia koe, you
have grown into an old man. Sometimes a phrase may be treated
like a verb when it is impossible to consider it as a permanent
compound word. For instance, the expression, ma te matapihi,
through the window, might be welded together into one word, and a
passive termination added, thus, Ma-te-matapihi-tia mai, Let it be
passed through the window. § iv. Nouns or CimcuMSTANCE. These
are derived from adjectives, participles or verbs by the simple
addition of one of the following terminations, -nga, -anga, -hanga, -
manga, -ranga, -tanga, -inga; the choice of the termination for any
given word being, as in the case of the passives, somewhat
arbitrary, and dependent upon usage which is not always uniform.
Thus mahi makes mahinga, noho » nohoanga, titiro » trohanga,
ngaro » ngaromanga, whakaatu ,, whakaaturanga, pupuri »
puritanga, a » ainga. In some few cases the final vowel is altered,
for arahi makes arahanga, and nunumi makes numanga. These
nouns denote the circumstance, time or place of the action or
condition, and those which are derived from verbs may be either
active or passive, according to the context. Thus, patu signifies
sirtke, and patunga, the circumstance, time or place of striking or of
being struck. Tana patunga i a au, the circumstance of his striking
me. Tona patunga e au, the circumstance of his being struck by me.
§ v. NumerAL PREFIXES. These are 1. e, prefixed to all but tahi; 2.
ko, prefixed to tahi only; 3. toko, used in speaking of persons, when
the number is not higher than nine; 4. hoko, which expresses
multiples of ten, but sometimes also is merely equivalent to toko;
and 5. taki, which is distributive, as takiwhitu, by sevens. All of these
except ko are used with the interrogative numeral hia, and in
speaking of per 
 INTRODUCTION. xi sons taki is used along with toko, as
takitokowha, dy four persons at a time. | . | Taki is also used
sometimes with adjectives or participles to denote that the word
applies to eack and all of the things spoken of. Ka takimanu anake
nga waka, the canoes are one and all afloat. S vi. -TANGA. Passive
verbs sometimes have a suffix, -tanga, which, if the verb is qualified
by an adverb, is attached to the adverb in place of the passive
termination. The force of this suffix it is not very easy to determine.
Sometimes, at all events, it seems to have the same effect as ‘ana’
would have in the same position. Hiko tonu ia ki nga ngarehu,
apuatanga. He immediately snatched up the burning coals and
crammed them into his mouth.—Apitiria tonutanga atu ko te pa, ka
horo, The pa was then attacked in addition, and fell. § vii. NGe. .
The syllable nge is sometimes prefixed to personal or possessive
pronouns, as nge-au; nge-ona: and sometimes it appears as a suffix
to the adverbs pea and koa, thus, peange, koange; but in none of
these cases does it apparently affect the meaning of the _ word to
which it is attached. § viii. Dirrerenr MODES OF SPELLING. A Maori,
in writing a long vowel, will frequently double it to shew that it is
long, especially when it may be important to keep it distinct from
another word which is similarly spelt, but differently pronounced,
and thus we may have the same word spelt in two different ways.
Kainga, dwellingp/ace, is thus often written kaainga, to distinguish it
from kainga, act of eating. The words tangata, wahine, matua,
tupuna, and a few others, may, in the same way, have the vowel in
the antepenultimate syllable doubled, to shew that that syllable is to
be pronounced long, to denote the plural number. § ix. Disauisep
Worps. Well-known words may sometimes be met with in such a
disguise that it is difficult, at first sight, to recognize them at all. The
disguise may be effected 1. by the transposition of single letters, or
syllables; or 2. by the substitution, for one letter, of another A
 xii INTRODUCTION. which has, or may be assumed to have
some affinity with it; or 3. by the substitution, in a compound word,
for one of its elements, of another word having the same
signification. Changes of the first class may perhaps be set down
merely as peculiarities of dialect, though some of them have possibly
had an arbitrary origin. Those of the third class, and probably those
of the second, have originated in a desire to avoid the possibility of
one’s getting into trouble through the accidental resemblance of the
name of some great chief to a word in common use. The mere fact
of his name, or a word similar to it, being used in a manner which
he considered disrespectful to himself, used to be considered quite
sufficient justification for a chief in picking a quarrel with his
neighbours, when the quarrel was determined on, and nothing but a
plausible pretext was wanting. The following may serve as an
illustration of this. . Some years ago, the child of a chief of the
NGatiporou tribe received the name of Te Wairama. In consequence
of this the word honu came into common use for water, and the
usual word, wat, was avoided for fear of giving offence. Cases of
transposition are not uncommon, and sometimes both forms of a
transposed word may be found in use together in the same district.
Thus ngaro, fly, is transposed into rango; and ngawhariki into
whanariki*. Interchangeable letters are 1. a and e; 2. a and o; 38.
7z and u; 4. m, n and ng; 5. & and ng; 6. & and p. Examples. 1.
teina, taina. 2. taimaha, toimaha. 3. taimaha, taumaha. tupuna,
tipuna. 4, momi, ngongi. memenge, memene. 5. karengo, kareko.
kainga, kaika. 6. karengo, parengo. * The word, engari, is probably
only a transposed from of erangi. Some good authorities consider
the two words to be distinct, both in etymology and signification, but
after much close observation of the use of the two words by Natives,
both in writing and speaking, I have been driven to the conclusion
that they are identical, at least in meaning. Oe eee
 INTRODUCTION. xiii § x. THE SAME WORD IN DIFFERENT
ASPECTS. The same word may at different times assume the
functions of several different parts of speech. Thus nouns are
frequently used as adjectives to denote the material of which a thing
is made, the _ purpose to which it is applied, &. He whare raupo, a
house [built of} raupo. He roto tuna, a lake in which eels abound.
Adjectives and participles are used as nouns to express the quality, _
apart from the individual person or thing in which that quality may
reside. Haere koe, e hoki ki uta, hei korero i toku toa, Go, return to
the shore, to tell of my bravery. Adjectives and participles are also
commonly used as adverbs. I mauria maoatia mai te kai; The food
was brought in a cooked State. Verbs again frequently become
nouns; the infinitive mood of the verb being, in fact, nothing more
than the verb treated as a noun. Or again, they do the work of
adjectives and adverbs. He matua whangai, a foster father. Nouns
also will sometimes assume the function of verbs, as in the case
already mentioned, § iii, as well as in others. Nona ka _ kaumatua
nei, ka timata tona mate; /t was when he arrived at man’s estate
that his sickness began. ACCENTUATION. It may be set down as a
general rule, to which there are some exceptions, that Maori words
are always accented on the first syllable; but compound words, or
words which haye the disyllabic root doubled, haye a secondary
accent on the second portion of the word. | WHaka, beginning a
word is always un-accented. The Articles, he, fe, nga, all the
prepositions, the verbal particles, and the particles a and so are un-
accented; but when a precedes any of the singular personal
pronouns au, hoe, ta or the indefinite pronoun mea, these words
throw back their accent upon the a, which thus becomes accented.
 xiv INTRODUCTION. SCHEME OF A MAORI VERB.
AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE FORMS. Karanga, call. i. Inprcartve. 1.
Inceptive; past or future. Ka karanga ia, He called, or began to call;
He will call, or will begin to call. Ka kore ia e karanga, He began, or
will begin not to call. 2. Imperfect; past, present or future. E
karanga ana ia; He was, is or will be calling. Kahore ia e karanga
ana; He was not, is not, or will not be calling. 3. Perfect; past,
present or future. Kua karanga ia, He had, has, or will have called.
Kahore ia kia karanga; He had not, has not, or will not have called.
4, Indefinite, past. I karanga ia; He called. Kihai ia i karanga; He did
not call. 5. Indefinite; future. ‘ E karanga ia, or Tera ia e karanga; He
will call. E kore ia e karanga, or Tera ia e kore e karanga; He will not
call. 6. Narrative form. Karanga ana ia; He called. ii. [Dwrrratrve.
Karanga! Call! Kaua e karanga! Do zot call! iii. Oprattve. 1. With Kia,
that. 6 Kia karanga ia; That he should call. Kia kaua ia e karanga;
That he should not call. 2. With Kei; dest. Kei karanga ia; Lest he
should call. Kei kore ia e karanga; Lest he should not call. . ; j | ; ; ‘ r