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ffirs.indd ii 7/25/11 10:01:59 AM
BIM and Integrated
Design
STRATEGIES FOR ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE

Randy Deutsch, AIA, LEED AP

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

ffirs.indd iii 7/25/11 10:01:59 AM


This book is printed on acid-free paper. ⬁

Copyright © 2011 by Randy Deutsch. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States
Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy
fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the
web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/
permissions.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they
make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically
disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by
sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You
should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other
commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

For general information on our other products and services, or technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within
the United States at 800-762-2974, outside the United States at 317-572-3993 or fax 317-572-4002.

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For more information about Wiley products, visit our Web site at http://www.wiley.com.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Deutsch, Randy.
BIM and integrated design : strategies for architectural practice / Randy Deutsch. — 1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
Summary: “Building Information Modeling (BIM) software combines 3-D elements and information in all aspects of the design of
a building. While many books are published on BIM related to technology and computer programs, this one focuses on the practice-
related information needs of architects, showing them how BIM and integrated practice can transform their practices. It features:
Methods for addressing the obstacles and challenges to implementing BIM How to implement it in an efficient and effective manner How
to use BIM as a tool to transform the role of architects “—Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-0-470-57251-1 (hardback); ISBN 978-1-118-08644-5 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-08647-6 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-08649-0 (ebk);
ISBN 978-1-118-13018-6 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-13019-3 (ebk)
1. Architectural practice. 2. Building information modeling. I. Title.
NA1996.D475 2011
720.285—dc23
2011022703
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ffirs.indd iv 7/25/11 10:02:00 AM


CONTENTS

Introductory Statement by The American Institute of Architects vii

Preface ix

Acknowledgments xiii

Introduction xv

PART I

BIM As Though People Mattered ______________________________________________ 1

Chapter 1
WHAT YOU ADOPT WHEN ADOPTING BIM 3

Chapter 2
THE SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF IMPLEMENTING BIM 29
Case Study Interview with Paul Durand, AIA, and Allison Scott, Winter Street Architects 46
Case Study Interview with Aaron Greven, BIM Consultant 53

Chapter 3
WHO WORKS IN BIM AND WHO DOESN’T 63
Case Study Interview with Jack Hungerford, PhD 69
Case Study Interview with Kristine K. Fallon, FAIA, Kristine Fallon Associates 76

ftoc.indd v 7/25/11 3:17:52 PM


vi CONTENTS

PART II

Leading Integrated Design __________________________________________________ 89

Chapter 4
WORKING WITH OTHERS IN BIM 91
Case Study Interview with Rich Nitzsche, CIO, Perkins + Will 111

Chapter 5
BIM AND INTEGRATED DESIGN 127
Case Study Interview with Andy Stapleton and Peter Rumpf, Mortenson Construction 140
Case Study Interview with Jonathan Cohen, FAIA, Architect and Author 148

PART III

Leading and Learning ______________________________________________________ 157

Chapter 6
LEADING FROM THE MODEL 159
Case Study Interview with Bradley Beck, Architect and BIM Manager 171
Case Study Interview with Charles Hardy, director, Office of Project Delivery at U.S. General Services
Administration (GSA) Public Buildings Service National Capital Region 191

Chapter 7
LEARNING BIM AND INTEGRATED DESIGN 201
Case Study Interview with Yanni Loukissas, PhD, Postdoctoral associate, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology 209
Case Study Interview with Phil Bernstein, FAIA, vice president, Autodesk 218

Epilogue 235

Index 237

ftoc.indd vi 7/25/11 3:17:52 PM


INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT BY THE AMERICAN
INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

In this book, Randy Deutsch describes building information modeling (BIM) as a means of coordinating project
information. Like the American Institute of Architects (AIA), Deutsch recognizes that while these methods and
tools play a vital role in integrated practice, the collaboration essential to integration can be used with any type
of project delivery.

As stated in the Primer on Project Delivery by the AIA and the Associated General Contractors of America, “At
the present, there are no industry-wide accepted definitions of project delivery methods, and many groups,
organizations, and individuals have developed their own. In so doing, they have often used different charac-
teristics to define the delivery methods. The result has been a multiplicity of definitions, none of which is either
entirely right or entirely wrong.” Groups may use the same term to articulate different organizational concepts
for project delivery as well as the tools used to bring about a successful project.

Deutsch’s text describes the BIM process to be a dynamic, continuously evolving strategy for designing and
making buildings. Because it is an emerging form of practice technology, the AIA acknowledges that other
definitions of BIM may appear over time. The term building information modeling as used within the follow-
ing pages may also be used to describe other operational arrangements by different groups. This book is an
important step forward in the definition and discussion of a BIM-enabled project delivery approach that holds
great promise.

vii

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PREFACE

This is not another technology book on Building


Information Modeling (BIM), the software tool and
process for generating and managing building data
during its complete lifecycle, from conceptual design
through fabrication, construction, maintenance, and
operation of the building. While there are several
excellent resources at your disposal that can answer
many of your most pressing software-related ques-
tions concerning BIM, this is not one of them.

Nor is this a business BIM book that measures your


return on investment (ROI) or provides business
models or value propositions.

While these subjects are discussed in these pages,


this is a different sort of BIM book.

That’s because his book addresses you.

BIM and Integrated Design addresses obstacles


faced by design professionals and their organiza-
tions in their use of technology, offering strategies—
and in doing so—clearing a path toward success,
Figure A Building Information Modeling (BIM) platforms can be used to
design just about anything. Zach Kron, www.buildz.info however defined, for yourself, your firm, the profes-
sion, or industry.

Until BIM use is ubiquitous, until BIM permanently enters the lexicon and design professionals start thinking in
terms of BIM’s impact on all trades—until that day comes—you have this book to guide you.

This book originated with something I overheard. Charles Hardy, director of the General Services Administration’s
(GSA) Office of Project Delivery, put it bluntly when he said that “BIM is about 10 percent technology and
90 percent sociology.” And yet to date 90 percent of the focus in training, education, and media has been
on the innovative and admittedly visually appealing technology, or equally on the business model and value
proposition of BIM. (See Figure B.)

ix

fpref.indd ix 7/25/11 2:56:19 PM


x P R E FA C E

Think about it. If the difference between a success-


ful BIM implementation and a failed or even potentially Technology
catastrophic one has as much or even more to do with
the mindsets and attitudes of those who use it as it
does the technologies and work process the tech-
nologies enable and require, how will these necessary Sociology

practical, attitudinal, and behavioral changes come


about? (See Figure C.)
Reality
But 90 percent sociology? If that’s the case, why
are we spending 90 percent of our time attending Figure B “BIM is about 10 percent technology and 90 percent sociology.”
Charles Hardy, Director, Office of Project Delivery at U.S. General Services
webinars, seminars, and conferences on the tech- Administration (GSA).
nology? Why are 90 percent of the websites, user
groups, and blogs devoted to the software? If true,
we’re perhaps asking the right questions but focused
Social impacts on
on the wrong outcomes. That’s because it’s master- organizations
ing the process—not the technology—that leads to
exceptional results, both aesthetically and financially.
(See Figure D.) Technology

There is a gap in our research and in our understand-


ing. This book seeks to fill that gap by asking questions
of and gathering insights from those who have worked Perception
in the BIM environment, used the software, adopted Figure C The misperception is that BIM is about 90 percent technology
and implemented the programs and work processes and 10 percent sociology.
in their organizations, taught the subject in a university
setting, and struggled and watched the tools and pro-
cess evolve over time.

Of the triumvirate of business, technology, and cul-


How you react to
ture, culture is by far the least studied, analyzed, the other 90 percent
and, frankly, exploited. It is also the least understood.
Human habits, social relations, social interaction,
and intelligence—these are taken for granted and What is not in
are the last frontier for garnering the greatest gains your control
from the technology and work processes. The busi-
ness and technology cases for BIM have already
been made and largely accepted. It is about time The 90/10 Rule

that somebody made the cultural case for BIM. That Figure D Alternatively, 10 percent is what happens to us as a profession
is what this book sets out to do. (See Figure E.) and industry, while 90 percent is decided by how you react to it.

fpref.indd x 7/25/11 2:56:25 PM


P R E FA C E xi

Where were the answers to my questions concerning


what it is like to be someone in the design professions Culture
or construction industry that works in a BIM environ-
ment? How is it different from the way we used to
practice? How is the workflow changed—and what Technology
exactly is meant by “workflow”? What’s with all those
large screens and monitors? What exactly is a Big
Room or iRoom, and do I need to have one? What’s the Business
difference between a BIM manager, an IT manager,
and a CAD manager, or between a BIM operator and
a BIM coordinator? Whom do I hire, whom do I men- Figure E The business and technology cases for BIM and integrated
design have already been made. It is time to make the social case for
tor, and exactly whom do I select to work in BIM? Is it firm culture, including working relationships, interactions, and intelligence.
necessarily the employee who excelled at CAD, or is
CAD expertise a potential impediment? Is it true that
BIM takes as much social intelligence as technical
Today ??? The Future
competence? What changes to the workplace should
I expect? How will we share data among the parties
involved? Figure F The one element propelling you and your organization today
toward achieving your goals in the future is people—people with the right
attitudes and mindset to benefit the most from using the new tools and col-
Everyone says you need to work collaboratively, but no laborative work processes.
one tells you how that’s supposed to come about. All
of a sudden, with a long history of confrontation, we’re supposed to hold hands and sing “Kumbaya”? As soon
as I started to seek out answers to these questions, other questions arose. (See Figure F.)

The book you hold in your hands is the result of having asked these questions. Like integrated design
itself, there may be one author listed, but, as in the best of collaborative efforts, the book is informed by
many. In this sense, the book less expounds the theory of one than shares the collective, unified wisdom
of multitudes. I hope you find the responses I received and the answers I’ve uncovered insightful, informa-
tive, and ultimately invaluable.

fpref.indd xi 7/25/11 2:56:26 PM


fpref.indd xii 7/25/11 2:56:26 PM
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The fact that there is but one name on the cover of this book has not been lost on the author. Writing a
book—much less one that promotes and fosters collaboration—always involves the work and thinking of many
people. This book is no exception.

I would like to acknowledge Wiley vice president and publisher Amanda Miller; senior editor John
Czarnecki, Assoc. AIA; editorial assistant Michael New; production editor David Sassian; marketing
manager Penny Makras, and Sadie Abuhoff for their guidance and assistance in helping bring this book
into being.

Thanks to Phil Bernstein, Charles Hardy, Jonathan Cohen, Rich Nitzsche, Yanni Loukassis, Kristine Fallon, Paul
Durand, Allison Scott, Andy Stapleton, Peter Rumpf, Aaron Greven, Jack Hungerford, Bill Worn, and David
Waligora, all of whom made significant contributions to the building of this book through the generous sharing
of their time, resources, and hard-earned insights.

Thanks to Paul Teicholz, James Vandezande, Zach Kron, Markku Allison, Howard Ashcraft, Gregory
Arkin, Paul Aubin, John Boecker, Laura Handler, Brad Hardin, Dan Klancnik, Steve Stafford, Phil Read,
Tatjana Dzambazova, Lachmi Khemlani, Christopher Parsons, Deke Smith, Kimon Onuma, Michael
Tardiff, Sam Spata, Dean Mueller, Mark Kiker, Barry LaPatner, Jerry Yudelson, Professor Bryan Lawson,
Andrew Pressman, James Salmon, Howard Roman, and James Cramer for their thought leadership and
continued inspiration throughout the writing of this book.

Thanks to Dan Wheeler, FAIA, an exceptional role model to countless architects and a tireless integrator. To
Brad Beck for once again going beyond the call of duty, his modus operandi; and to Marcus Colonna for his
unrivaled enthusiasm, persistence, and guidance.

And thanks to my wife Sharon and kids, Simeon and Michol, for the sacrifices they have made in providing
me with the freedom to write this book.

To my parents, Irene and Manny, for their belief and encouragement, I dedicate this book.

xiii

flast.indd xiii 7/25/11 2:57:02 PM


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