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The Way Toward Wisdom An Interdisciplinary and
Intercultural Introduction to Metaphysics 1st Edition
Benedict M. Ashley O.P. Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Benedict M. Ashley O.P.
ISBN(s): 9780268020286, 0268020280
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 5.42 MB
Year: 2006
Language: english
The Way toward Wisdom
2
THOMISTIC S TUDIES
John Deely, General Editor
Sponsored by the Center for Thomistic Studies
Houston, Texas
3
The Way toward Wisdom
An Interdisciplinary
and Intercultural
Introduction
to Metaphysics
B E N E D I C T M. A S H L E Y , O.P.
University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, Indiana
4
University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
www.undpress.nd.edu
All Rights Reserved
Published in the United States of America
copyright © 2006 by University of Notre Dame
Reprinted in 2009
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ashley, Benedict M.
The way toward wisdom : an interdisciplinary and intercultural
introduction to metaphysics / Benedict M. Ashley.
p. cm. — (Thomistic studies)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-268-02028-6 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-268-02028-0 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-268-02035-4 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-268-02035-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-268-04565-4 (ePub)
1. Metaphysics. I. Title. II. Series.
BD131.A84 2006
110—dc22 2006013083
5
∞ The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and
durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity
of the Council on Library Resources.
This e-Book was converted from the original source file by a third-party
vendor. Readers who notice any formatting, textual, or readability issues
are encouraged to contact the publisher at [email protected]
6
To
Mary, Throne of Divine Wisdom
and to
Mortimer J. Adler, Yves Simon, and William H. Kane, O.P.,
great guides in the search for human wisdom
7
Contents at a Glance
Contents in Detail
List of Diagrams
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part 1 ME TA P H Y S I C S : N O N S E N S E OR W ISDOM?
Chapter 1 The Problem of the Unification of Knowledge
Chapter 2 The Historical Varieties of “Metaphysics” in Western
Culture
Chapter 3 Natural Science Is Epistemologically First
Chapter 4 The Culminating Foundational Theorem of Natural Science
Chapter 5 The Existence and Essence of Metascience
Part 2 TH E P R O P E R T I E S OF ALL R EALITY
Chapter 6 Unity, Plurality, and Efficient Causality
Chapter 7 Unity and Plurality in Other Sciences
Chapter 8 Truth and Formal Causality
Chapter 9 Truth in the Special Sciences
Chapter 10 Goodness and Final Causality
8
Chapter 11 Finality in the Special Sciences
Part 3 TH E F I R S T C A U S E OR A BSOLUTE P RINCIPLE OF B EING
Chapter 12 The Absolute and/or Nature
Chapter 13 The One Creating First Cause
Part 4 WI S D O M , HU M A N AND D IVINE
Chapter 14 The Way toward Wisdom
Appendix 1 Outline of Aristotle’s Metaphysics
Appendix 2 Natural Substances and Their Properties
Notes
Bibliography
Index
9
Contents in Detail
List of Diagrams
Preface
Acknowledgments
PART 1 M E TA P H Y S I C S : NO N S E N S E OR WI S D O M ?
Chapter 1 The Problem of the Unification of Knowledge
A. The Information Explosion and Interdisciplinarity
1. The Fragmentation of Knowledge Today
2. Interculturality and Contextualization
B. The Common Human Search for Meaning
1. Older Worldviews
2. The Global Expansion of Science and Technology
C. The Conditions of Effective Intercultural Dialogue
D. The Modern University as Wisdom’s Home
Chapter 2 The Historical Varieties of “Metaphysics” in Western
Culture
10
A. The Unification of Knowledge by One Material or
Spiritual Principle
B. The Unification of Knowledge by Coordinating
Autonomous Disciplines
C. Medieval and Renaissance “Metaphysics”
D. Modernity and Metaphysics
1. Cartesian and Idealist Metaphysics
2. British Empiricism
3. Kant and the Post-Kantian Critique
4. The Varieties of Thomistic Metaphysics
a. Essentialist Thomism
b. Platonizing Thomism
c. Transcendental Thomism
d. Existential Thomism
e. Phenomenological Thomism
f. Analytic Thomism
g. Semiotic Thomism
h. Aristotelian Thomism
E. Postmodernism and Metaphysics
Chapter 3 Natural Science Is Epistemologically First
A. The Logical Structure of Any Discipline
1. Every Science Has a Foundational Treatise
2. Question 1 about Existence
3. Questions 2 and 3 about Substantial Essence Known
through Properties
B. The First Principles of Natural Science
1. Principle of Non-contradiction
2. Principle of Causality
11
3. The Fundamental Theorem of Natural Science
c. Questions 3 and 4 about the Causes of Properties
1. The Nine Categories of Properties of All Changeable
Beings
2. Why All Changeable Substances Have These Nine
Properties
a. The Intrinsic Properties
1. Quantity
2. Quality
b. Relation and the Relational Properties
3. Relation
4 and 5. Actionand Receptivity
6, 7, and 8. Place, Position,and Environment
9. Time
c. Summary
D. Are the Aristotelian Foundations of Natural Science
Obsolete?
1. The Natural Senses vs. Instruments and Experiments
2. Scientific Universality and Individuation
3. The Scientific Revolution and the Foundations of
Natural Science
Chapter 4 The Culminating Foundational Theorem of Natural Science
A. The Prime Movers of Systems
1. All Systems of Interacting Bodies Have Prime
Movers
2. Proof that a First Immaterial Cause Exists
B. The Special Case of the Human Soul
C. A Universe of Both Material and Spiritual Substances
12
1. The Existence of Contingent Pure Spirits
2. Does Modern Science Exclude Spiritual Substances?
D. Natural Science Validates First Philosophy
1. First Philosophy Presupposes All the Special Sciences
2. Natural Science Is Not First Philosophy but
Establishes Its Ground
E. Dialogue with Other Views of Nature
Chapter 5 The Existence and Essence of Metascience
A. The Existence and Validity of an Autonomous
Metascience
B. What Is the Proper Subject of Metascience?
1. The “Analogy” of Being
2. The Descriptive Definition of the Generic Subject of
Metascience
C. Are Other Worldviews Metascientific?
D. Objections to the Natural Science Approach to
Metascience
1. Thomist Objections
2. Objections from Modern Science
PART 2 THE P ROPERTIES OF A LL R EALITY
Chapter 6 Unity, Plurality, and Efficient Causality
A. The Transcendentals
B. The Demonstration that Being as such Is One
1. Transcendental “Unity” and Its Contrary “Plurality”
2. The Demonstration of Unity as Intrinsic to Every
Being
C. Unity and Plurality of Contingent Material Beings
13
1. Substantial Unity and the Plurality of Properties
2. The Unity of a Species and the Individuation of Its
Members
D. The Unity of Contingent Spiritual Substances
1. The Embodied Human Spirit
2. The Hierarchy of Contingent Pure Spirits
a. The Community of Spirits
b. The Unity of the Spiritual and Material Realms
E. Unity, Plurality, and Efficient Causality
Chapter 7 Unity and Plurality in Other Sciences
A. Unity and Plurality in Mathematics
1. Natural Science and Mathematics
2. Ancient Mathematics
3. Modern Mathematics
B. Mathematical Physics and Cosmic Unity and Diversity
C. Unity and Plurality in Ethics and Politics
1. The Unity of the Virtues
2. Persons in Community
D. Unity and Plurality in Technologies and Fine Arts
Chapter 8 Truth and Formal Causality
A. The Varieties of Truth
1. Logical and Ontological Truth
2. The Sources of Truth
a. Styles of Human Reasoning
b. Faith and Revelation
c. Mystical Experience
B. Epistemology
14
1. Skepticism and Sophism
2. Idealism’s Answer to Skepticism
3. Empiricism’s Answer to Skepticism
4. Aristotelian Thomism’s Answer to Skepticism
5. Personalism and Thomism
C. Formal Causality and Participation
Chapter 9 Truth in the Special Sciences
A. Scientific Logic
1. Aristotelian Logic
a. The Kinds of Logic
b. The Scientific Syllogism
c. Premises, Their Terms, and Definitions
d. Univocal, Equivocal, Metaphorical, and
Analogical Terms
e. Judgment, Dialectics, and Scientific
Demonstration
f. The Distinction of Metascience from Logic
g. Semiotics
2. Logic in Indian and Chinese Cultures
3. Modern Logic
B. Informal Logic
C. Truth in Natural Science and Mathematics
D. Truth in the Practical Sciences
E. Truth in History
Chapter 10 Goodness and Final Causality
A. Finality, the Causes of Causes
1. Finality and the Other Causes
15
2. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Finality
B. Beauty as a Transcendental
1. The Concept of Beauty
2. Physical Beauty
3. Spiritual Beauty
C. Dialogue with the Aesthetics of Other Cultures
D. The Problem of Evil
E. Love
Chapter 11 Finality in the Special Sciences
A. Teleology in Natural Science
B. Teleology in Mathematics
C. Means and Ends in the Practical Sciences
1. Deontology and Teleology in Individual Ethics
2. Revisions of Thomistic Ethics
3. Teleology in Social Ethics
4. Teleology in Technology and Ecology
D. Teleology in the Fine Arts
E. Dialogue with the Ethics of Other Cultures
F. Final Causality and the Coordination of Knowledge
PART 3 THE FIRST CAUSE OR ABSOLUTE PRINCIPLE OF BEING
Chapter 12 The Absolute and/or Nature
A. The Monistic View of the Supreme Principle
1. Monism and Monotheism
2. Materialistic or Nature Monism
3. Process Philosophy Monism
4. Spiritual Monism
16
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different content
History - Concept Map
Fall 2021 - School
Prepared by: Associate Prof. Williams
Date: July 28, 2025
Test 1: Best practices and recommendations
Learning Objective 1: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 2: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 3: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 4: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 5: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 5: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 6: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Research findings and conclusions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 7: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Key terms and definitions
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Historical development and evolution
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Appendix 2: Research findings and conclusions
Example 10: Experimental procedures and results
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Best practices and recommendations
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Research findings and conclusions
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Best practices and recommendations
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 16: Current trends and future directions
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 17: Practical applications and examples
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 18: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Historical development and evolution
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 20: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Methodology 3: Literature review and discussion
Key Concept: Current trends and future directions
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 21: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Literature review and discussion
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Literature review and discussion
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 26: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Practical applications and examples
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Study tips and learning strategies
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 29: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 29: Key terms and definitions
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Results 4: Study tips and learning strategies
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 31: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 31: Study tips and learning strategies
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 32: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 35: Research findings and conclusions
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Practical applications and examples
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Case studies and real-world applications
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Module 5: Research findings and conclusions
Example 40: Research findings and conclusions
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 41: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Important: Historical development and evolution
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 43: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Study tips and learning strategies
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 45: Research findings and conclusions
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 46: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Literature review and discussion
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Best practices and recommendations
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 48: Best practices and recommendations
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Practical applications and examples
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Exercise 6: Literature review and discussion
Definition: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 51: Historical development and evolution
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 52: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 53: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Current trends and future directions
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 56: Case studies and real-world applications
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 57: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 58: Ethical considerations and implications
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 59: Key terms and definitions
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Methodology 7: Ethical considerations and implications
Note: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 62: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Current trends and future directions
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 65: Best practices and recommendations
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Study tips and learning strategies
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Study tips and learning strategies
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 69: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Unit 8: Critical analysis and evaluation
Note: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 73: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 74: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Study tips and learning strategies
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 76: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Research findings and conclusions
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
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