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The Education of Henry Adams Webster s Thesaurus
Edition Henry Adams Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Henry Adams
ISBN(s): 9780497252656, 0497252651
Edition: annotated edition
File Details: PDF, 4.68 MB
Year: 2006
Language: english
 THE EDUCATION OF
HENRY ADAMS

Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®,

GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

Henry Adams

PSAT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship
Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT is a registered trademark of the College
Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE, AP and Advanced Placement are registered
trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT is a
registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book
nor endorses this book, LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither
sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.
 The Education of Henry
Adams
Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®,
GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

Henry Adams

PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit
Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the
College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are
registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book,
GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated
with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council
which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.
 ICON CLASSICS

Published by ICON Group International, Inc.

7404 Trade Street
San Diego, CA 92121 USA

www.icongrouponline.com

The Education of Henry Adams: Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®,
GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005

Printed in the United States of America.

Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc.

Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved.

All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a
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research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc.

PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit
Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered
trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and
Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither
sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management
Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a
registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses
this product. All rights reserved.

ISBN 0-497-25265-1
 iii

Contents
PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR .......................................................................................... 1
EDITOR’S PREFACE ......................................................................................................... 3
PREFACE.......................................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER I QUINCY (1838-1848) ..................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER II BOSTON (1848-1854) ................................................................................. 27
CHAPTER III WASHINGTON (1850-1854)........................................................................ 43
CHAPTER IV HARVARD COLLEGE (1854-1858) ............................................................. 57
CHAPTER V BERLIN (1858-1859)................................................................................... 73
CHAPTER VI ROME (1859-1860) .................................................................................... 85
CHAPTER VII TREASON (1860-1861) ........................................................................... 101
CHAPTER VIII DIPLOMACY (1861) ............................................................................... 113
CHAPTER IX FOES OR FRIENDS (1862)....................................................................... 129
CHAPTER X POLITICAL MORALITY (1862).................................................................... 145
CHAPTER XI THE BATTLE OF THE RAMS (1863) ......................................................... 167
CHAPTER XII ECCENTRICITY (1863)............................................................................ 179
CHAPTER XIII THE PERFECTION OF HUMAN SOCIETY (1864)..................................... 193
CHAPTER XIV DILETTANTISM (1865-1866).................................................................. 207
CHAPTER XV DARWINISM (1867-1868) ....................................................................... 221
CHAPTER XVI THE PRESS (1868) ................................................................................ 233
CHAPTER XVII PRESIDENT GRANT (1869) ................................................................... 249
CHAPTER XVIII FREE FIGHT (1869-1870).................................................................... 261
CHAPTER XIX CHAOS (1870) ....................................................................................... 275
CHAPTER XX FAILURE (1871) ..................................................................................... 289
CHAPTER XXI TWENTY YEARS AFTER (1892) .............................................................. 303
CHAPTER XXII CHICAGO (1893) .................................................................................. 319
CHAPTER XXIII SILENCE (1894-1898) ......................................................................... 333
CHAPTER XXIV INDIAN SUMMER (1898-1899) ............................................................ 349
CHAPTER XXV THE DYNAMO AND THE VIRGIN (1900)................................................ 365
CHAPTER XXVI TWILIGHT (1901) ................................................................................ 377
CHAPTER XXVII TEUFELSDROCKH (1901) .................................................................. 389
CHAPTER XXVIII THE HEIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE (1902) .............................................. 403
CHAPTER XXIX THE ABYSS OF IGNORANCE (1902) .................................................... 413
iv
CHAPTER XXX VIS INERTIAE (1903)............................................................................ 423
CHAPTER XXXI THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903)................................................... 435
CHAPTER XXXII VIS NOVA (1903-1904)....................................................................... 447
CHAPTER XXXIII A DYNAMIC THEORY OF HISTORY (1904) ......................................... 459
CHAPTER XXXIV A LAW OF ACCELERATION (1904) .................................................... 473
CHAPTER XXXV NUNC AGE (1905) .............................................................................. 483
GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................... 489
 Henry Adams 1

PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR

Designed for school districts, educators, and students seeking to maximize performance on
standardized tests, Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently
assigned readings in English courses. By using a running thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this
edition of The Education of Henry Adams by Henry Adams was edited for students who are
actively building their vocabularies in anticipation of taking PSAT®, SAT®, AP® (Advanced
Placement®), GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT® or similar examinations.1

Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of
synonyms and antonyms for difficult and often ambiguous English words that are encountered in
other works of literature, conversation, or academic examinations. Extremely rare or idiosyncratic
words and expressions are given lower priority in the notes compared to words which are “difficult,
and often encountered” in examinations. Rather than supply a single synonym, many are provided
for a variety of meanings, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of the English language,
and avoid using the notes as a pure crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within
context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not
already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not noted on a page, chances are that it
has been highlighted on a previous page. A more complete thesaurus is supplied at the end of the
book; Synonyms and antonyms are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary.

Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-online-

dictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected]

The Editor
Webster’s Online Dictionary
www.websters-online-dictionary.org

1
PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit
Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the
College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are
registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book,
GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated
with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council
which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.
 Henry Adams 3

EDITOR’S %PREFACE

THIS volume, written in 1905 as a sequel to the same author’s “Mont Saint
Michel and Chartres,” was privately printed, to the number of one hundred
copies, in 1906, and sent to the persons interested, for their assent, correction, or
suggestion. The idea of the two books was thus explained at the end of Chapter
XXIX:—
“Any schoolboy could see that man as a force must be measured by motion
from a fixed point. Psychology helped here by suggesting a unit—the point of
history when man held the highest idea of himself as a unit in a unified universe.
Eight or ten years of study had led Adams to think he might use the century
1150-1250, expressed in Amiens Cathedral and the Works of Thomas Aquinas, as
the unit from which he might measure motion down to his own time, without
assuming anything as true or untrue, except relation. The movement might be
studied at once in philosophy and mechanics. Setting himself to the task, he
began a volume which he mentally knew as ‘Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres: a
Study of Thirteenth-Century Unity.’ From that point he proposed to fix a
position for himself, which he could label: ‘The Education of Henry Adams: a
Study of Twentieth-Century Multiplicity.’ With the help of these two points of
relation, he hoped to project his lines forward and backward indefinitely,
subject to correction from any one who should know better.”

Thesaurus
assent: (n) acceptance, acquiescence, developing, advanced, confident, sequel: (n) sequence, result, issue,
approval, agreement, compliance, brilliant, bold. aftermath, continuation, continuance,
admission, approbation; (v) accede, indefinitely: (adv) indistinctly, outcome, consequence, ending,
accord, agree; (adj, v) acquiesce. indeterminately, unclearly, upshot, outgrowth. ANTONYM: (n)
ANTONYMS: (v) resist, disagree, uncertainly, undefinedly, unfixedly, prelude.
disapprove, reject, refuse; (n) loosely, imprecisely, undeterminedly, untrue: (adj) erroneous, unfaithful,
disagreement, refusal, resistance. unsettledly, obscurely. ANTONYM: disloyal, incorrect, sham, mistaken,
backward: (adj, adv) late, behindhand; (adv) temporarily. fallacious, treacherous, wrong,
(adj) tardy, retarded, reluctant, coy, schoolboy: (n) lad, scholar, pupil, faithless, inaccurate. ANTONYMS:
slow, laggard, dilatory; (adv) behind, student, disciple, learner, schoolchild, (adj) faithful, true, valid, factual,
backwardly. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) youngun, younker, youth, school honest, reliable, correct, truthful,
ahead; (adv) onward; (adj) quick, child. loyal, real.
4 The Education of Henry Adams

The “Chartres” was finished and privately printed in 1904. The “Education”
proved to be more difficult. The point on which the author failed to please
himself, and could get no light from readers or friends, was the usual one of
literary form. Probably he saw it in advance, for he used to say, half in jest, that
his great ambition was to complete St. Augustine’s “Confessions,” but that St.
Augustine, like a great artist, had worked from multiplicity to unity, while he,
like a small one, had to reverse the method and work back from unity to
multiplicity. The scheme became unmanageable as he approached his end.%
Probably he was, in fact, trying only to work into it his favorite theory of
history, which now fills the last three or four chapters of the “Education,” and he
could not satisfy himself with his workmanship. At all events, he was still
pondering over the problem in 1910, when he tried to deal with it in another way
which might be more intelligible to students. He printed a small volume called
“A Letter to American Teachers,” which he sent to his associates in the American
Historical Association, hoping to provoke some response. Before he could satisfy
himself even on this minor point, a severe illness in the spring of 1912 put an end
to his literary activity forever.
The matter soon passed beyond his control. In 1913 the Institute of Architects
published the “Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres.” Already the “Education” had
become almost as well known as the “Chartres,” and was freely quoted by every
book whose author requested it. The author could no longer withdraw either
volume; he could no longer rewrite either, and he could not publish that which
he thought unprepared and unfinished, although in his opinion the other was
historically purposeless without its sequel. In the end, he preferred to leave the
“Education” unpublished, avowedly incomplete, trusting that it might quietly
fade from memory. According to his theory of history as explained in Chapters
XXXIII and XXXIV, the teacher was at best helpless, and, in the immediate future,
silence next to good-temper was the mark of sense. After midsummer, 1914, the
rule was made absolute.
The Massachusetts Historical Society now publishes the “Education” as it
was printed in 1907, with only such marginal corrections as the author made,

Thesaurus
according: (adj) pursuant, consonant, beloved, popular; (n) pet, choice, random, objectless, nonsensical,
equal, agreeable, harmonious, pick, preference. ANTONYMS: (n) designless; (adj, adv) aimless,
conformable, consistent, indifference, superior, underdog; directionless. ANTONYM: (adj)
corresponding, respondent; (adv) (adj) unwanted, despised, disliked, meaningful.
correspondingly, accordingly. hated, unusual. requested: (adj) demanded.
avowedly: (adv) professedly, jest: (n) gag, gibe, quip, game; (n, v) unmanageable: (adj) unwieldy,
admittedly, confessedly, apparently, jape; (v) banter, jeer, deride, gird, intractable, uncontrollable, awkward,
openly, patently, publicly, sneer, clown. cumbersome, stubborn, clumsy,
acknowledgedly, true, as midsummer: (n) summer, solstice, bulky, recalcitrant, ungovernable,
acknowledged, ostensibly. June solstice, June. obstinate. ANTONYMS: (adj)
favorite: (adj, n) darling, favourite, purposeless: (adj) meaningless, manageable, orderly, wieldy,
dear, number one; (adj) favored, senseless, useless, driftless, empty, amenable, biddable.
 Henry Adams 5

and it does this, not in opposition to the author’s judgment, but only to put both
volumes equally within reach of students who have occasion to consult them.%
HENRY CABOT LODGE
September, 1918

Thesaurus
consult: (v) consider, negotiate, discrimination; (n) determination, support, acceptance, approval,
deliberate, advise, refer, discuss, ask, discretion, opinion, assessment, backing, encouragement, inclination,
reason, look up, canvass; (n, v) talk. adjudication. ANTONYMS: (n) goodwill, ease, agreement,
ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, bypass. clumsiness, request, tastelessness. cooperation.
equally: (adv) evenly, equivalently, occasion: (n, v) cause; (n) case, event, reach: (n, v) fetch, stretch; (adj, v)
levelly, alike, justly, as, parallelly, juncture, episode, incident; (v) bring overtake, pass, extend; (v) obtain,
uniformly, similarly; (adj, adv, conj) as about, create, beget, make, induce. achieve, make, attain, get; (n)
well; (adj) even. ANTONYMS: (adv) opposition: (n) conflict, contrary, compass. ANTONYMS: (v)
unevenly, individually, differently, contrariety, opposite, hostility, withdraw, differ, fail.
unfairly. enemy, opponent, antagonism,
judgment: (n, v) decision, belief, competition, contradiction; (n, prep)
discernment, condemnation, sense, antithesis. ANTONYMS: (n) ally,
 Henry Adams 7

PREFACE

JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU began his famous Confessions by a vehement

appeal to the Deity: “I have shown myself as I was; contemptible and vile when
I was so; good, generous, sublime when I was so; I have unveiled my interior
such as Thou thyself hast seen it, Eternal Father! Collect about me the
innumerable swarm of my fellows; let them hear my confessions; let them groan
at my unworthiness; let them blush at my meannesses! Let each of them discover
his heart in his turn at the foot of thy throne with the same sincerity; and then let
any one of them tell thee if he dares: ‘I was a better man!’ “%
Jean Jacques was a very great educator in the manner of the eighteenth
century, and has been commonly thought to have had more influence than any
other teacher of his time; but his peculiar method of improving human nature
has not been universally admired. Most educators of the nineteenth century have
declined to show themselves before their scholars as objects more vile or
contemptible than necessary, and even the humblest teacher hides, if possible,
the faults with which nature has generously embellished us all, as it did Jean
Jacques, thinking, as most religious minds are apt to do, that the Eternal Father
himself may not feel unmixed pleasure at our thrusting under his eyes chiefly
the least agreeable details of his creation.

Thesaurus
contemptible: (adj) abject, mean, base, educators, preceptor, trainer. single, plain. ANTONYM: (adj)
pitiful, little, worthless, unworthy, embellished: (adj) ornamented, impure.
miserable, ignoble, abominable, rhetorical, decorated, fancy, florid, unworthiness: (n) baseness,
shameful. ANTONYMS: (adj) tall, rich, embroidered, elaborate, despicability, despicableness,
estimable, admired, deserving, baroque; (prep) beautied. badness, unworth, shamefulness,
worthy, honorable, respectable, swarm: (n) host, horde, multitude, ignominiousness, disgracefulness,
respectful, noble, generous, drove, throng, cloud, assembly; (n, v) bad. ANTONYM: (n) worthiness.
commendable, good. mob; (v) teem, pour; (adj) shoal. vehement: (adj) fierce, intense, violent,
declined: (adj) less. ANTONYMS: (v) retreat; (n) few. strong, furious, passionate, ferocious,
educator: (n) instructor, schoolmaster, unmixed: (adj, v) simple, sheer, mere, eager, hot, fervent, fervid.
pedagogue, academic, academician, downright; (adj) absolute, unmingled, ANTONYMS: (adj) impassionate,
coach, professional, master, undiluted, straight, uncompounded, indifferent, mild, calm.
8 The Education of Henry Adams

As an unfortunate result the twentieth century finds few recent guides to

avoid, or to follow. American literature offers scarcely one working model for
high education. The student must go back, beyond Jean Jacques, to Benjamin
Franklin, to find a model even of self-teaching. Except in the abandoned sphere
of the dead languages, no one has discussed what part of education has, in his
personal experience, turned out to be useful, and what not. This volume attempts
to discuss it.%
As educator, Jean Jacques was, in one respect, easily first; he erected a
monument of warning against the Ego. Since his time, and largely thanks to him,
the Ego has steadily tended to efface itself, and, for purposes of model, to
become a manikin on which the toilet of education is to be draped in order to
show the fit or misfit of the clothes. The object of study is the garment, not the
figure. The tailor adapts the manikin as well as the clothes to his patron’s wants.
The tailor’s object, in this volume, is to fit young men, in universities or
elsewhere, to be men of the world, equipped for any emergency; and the
garment offered to them is meant to show the faults of the patchwork fitted on
their fathers.
At the utmost, the active-minded young man should ask of his teacher only
mastery of his tools. The young man himself, the subject of education, is a certain
form of energy; the object to be gained is economy of his force; the training is
partly the clearing away of obstacles, partly the direct application of effort. Once
acquired, the tools and models may be thrown away.
The manikin, therefore, has the same value as any other geometrical figure of
three or more dimensions, which is used for the study of relation. For that
purpose it cannot be spared; it is the only measure of motion, of proportion, of
human condition; it must have the air of reality; must be taken for real; must be
treated as though it had life. Who knows? Possibly it had!

February 16, 1907

Thesaurus
draped: (adj) mantled, covered, manikin: (n) model, homunculus, patchwork: (n) miscellany, melange,
cloaked, clothed, curtained, dummy, mannikin, mannequin, odds and ends, hodgepodge, check,
disguised, absorbed, clad. Manacus, phantom, manakin, medley, mess, ambigu, magma,
efface: (v) cancel, erase, obliterate, figurine, form, fashion model. pasticcio, parenthesis.
destroy, expunge, wipe out, mastery: (n) dominance, dominion, tailor: (v) sew, fashion, shape,
suppress, sponge, blot out, blur, raze. command, domination, ascendancy, accommodate, design, cut, adjust, fit;
gained: (adj) extrinsic. ascendency, control, authority, (n) snip, dressmaker, sartor.
garment: (n, v) garb, apparel; (n) mastership, supremacy, ascendance. utmost: (adj, n) maximum, extreme,
habiliment, habit, gown, vest, things, misfit: (n) anthropoid, ape, dork, uttermost, furthermost, best, highest;
guise; (v) clothe, tog, raiment. birdbrain, loon, eccentric, fish out of (adj, adv) farthest; (adj, v) supreme;
geometrical: (adj) nonrepresentational, water, loner, anomaly, oddity, (adj) last, furthest; (adj, n, v) greatest.
mathematical. radical. ANTONYM: (n) conformist. ANTONYMS: (adj) moderate, worst.
 Henry Adams 9

CHAPTER I

QUINCY (1838-1848)

UNDER the shadow of Boston State House, turning its back on the house of
John Hancock, the little passage called Hancock Avenue runs, or ran, from
Beacon Street, skirting the State House grounds, to Mount Vernon Street, on the
summit of Beacon Hill; and there, in the third house below Mount Vernon Place,
February 16, 1838, a child was born, and christened later by his uncle, the
minister of the First Church after the tenets of Boston Unitarianism, as Henry
Brooks Adams.%
Had he been born in Jerusalem under the shadow of the Temple and
circumcised in the Synagogue by his uncle the high priest, under the name of
Israel Cohen, he would scarcely have been more distinctly branded, and not
much more heavily handicapped in the races of the coming century, in running
for such stakes as the century was to offer; but, on the other hand, the ordinary
traveller, who does not enter the field of racing, finds advantage in being, so to
speak, ticketed through life, with the safeguards of an old, established traffic.
Safeguards are often irksome, but sometimes convenient, and if one needs them
at all, one is apt to need them badly. A hundred years earlier, such safeguards as
his would have secured any young man’s success; and although in 1838 their

Thesaurus
branded: (adj) identified, known, underprivileged, unfit, weak. frill, frame, flounce; (adj) border,
proprietary, recognized. irksome: (adj, v) wearisome, tiresome; flanking, parietal, marginal.
circumcised: (adj) unforeskinned, less. (adj) boring, dull, annoying, tedious, stakes: (n) stake, ante, wager, kitty,
distinctly: (adv) clearly, particularly, trying, burdensome, bothersome, jackpot, pool, pot, gamble, prize,
evidently, expressly, obviously, irritating, prosaic. ANTONYMS: (adj) interest, fence.
markedly, definitely, precisely, delightful, pleasant, refreshing, tenets: (n) doctrine, system of belief,
manifestly, separately, decidedly. soothing. view, canon, code of belief, credenda,
ANTONYMS: (adv) inaudibly, races: (n) racing, athletics. belief, ideology.
faintly, vaguely, silently, secured: (adj) secure, protected, firm, traveller: (n) passenger, tourist,
imperceptibly, poorly. locked, fast, bonded, bolted, barred, wanderer, voyager, wayfarer, mover,
handicapped: (adj) cripple, handicap, latched, securer, obtained. itinerant, courier, entrant, swimmer,
crippled, lame, incapacitated, skirting: (n) skirt, edging, fringe, list, outlander.
10 The Education of Henry Adams

value was not very great compared with what they would have had in 1738, yet
the mere accident of starting a twentieth-century career from a nest of
associations so colonial,—so troglodytic—as the First Church, the Boston State
House, Beacon Hill, John Hancock and John Adams, Mount Vernon Street and
Quincy, all crowding on ten pounds of unconscious babyhood, was so queer as
to offer a subject of curious speculation to the baby long after he had witnessed
the solution. What could become of such a child of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries, when he should wake up to find himself required to play
the game of the twentieth? Had he been consulted, would he have cared to play
the game at all, holding such cards as he held, and suspecting that the game was
to be one of which neither he nor any one else back to the beginning of time
knew the rules or the risks or the stakes? He was not consulted and was not
responsible, but had he been taken into the confidence of his parents, he would
certainly have told them to change nothing as far as concerned him. He would
have been astounded by his own luck. Probably no child, born in the year, held
better cards than he. Whether life was an honest game of chance, or whether the
cards were marked and forced, he could not refuse to play his excellent hand. He
could never make the usual plea of irresponsibility. He accepted the situation as
though he had been a party to it, and under the same circumstances would do it
again, the more readily for knowing the exact values. To his life as a whole he
was a consenting, contracting party and partner from the moment he was born
to the moment he died. Only with that understanding—as a consciously
assenting member in full partnership with the society of his age—had his
education an interest to himself or to others.%
As it happened, he never got to the point of playing the game at all; he lost
himself in the study of it, watching the errors of the players; but this is the only
interest in the story, which otherwise has no moral and little incident. A story of
education—seventy years of it—the practical value remains to the end in doubt,
like other values about which men have disputed since the birth of Cain and
Abel; but the practical value of the universe has never been stated in dollars.
Although every one cannot be a Gargantua-Napoleon-Bismarck and walk off
with the great bells of Notre Dame, every one must bear his own universe, and
Thesaurus
assenting: (adj) assentient, consenting, early childhood, cradle; (adj) irresponsibleness, arbitrariness,
acquiescent, unanimous, in accord, puerility. ANTONYMS: (n) exemption, freedom, release, liberty,
favorable; (n) agreement, accession, parenthood, adolescence. renunciation, untrustiness,
confession; (adv) consentingly; (v) centuries: (n) century. untrustworthiness, insanity.
agree. ANTONYM: (adj) conflicting. consenting: (adj) agreeable, yielding, ANTONYMS: (n) caution, maturity,
astounded: (adj) amazed, stunned, submissive, consentant, compliant, deliberation, carefulness, reliability.
flabbergasted, bewildered, affirmative, accepting; (v) complying, queer: (adj) fantastic, odd, eccentric,
dumbfounded, surprised, staggered, chosen. funny, curious, gay, peculiar, strange,
astonied, dazed, astound, aghast. crowding: (n) plough crowding, quaint, fishy, outlandish.
babyhood: (n) childhood, immaturity, bunch, jostlement, overcrowding. ANTONYMS: (adj) conventional,
babehood, girlhood, youthhood, dollars: (n) bread. normal, well.
immatureness, boyhood, early days, irresponsibility: (n) flightiness, twentieth-century: (adj) modern.
 Henry Adams 11

most persons are moderately interested in learning how their neighbors have
managed to carry theirs.%
This problem of education, started in 1838, went on for three years, while the
baby grew, like other babies, unconsciously, as a vegetable, the outside world
working as it never had worked before, to get his new universe ready for him.
Often in old age he puzzled over the question whether, on the doctrine of
chances, he was at liberty to accept himself or his world as an accident. No such
accident had ever happened before in human experience. For him, alone, the old
universe was thrown into the ash-heap and a new one created. He and his
eighteenth-century, troglodytic Boston were suddenly cut apart—separated
forever—in act if not in sentiment, by the opening of the Boston and Albany
Railroad; the appearance of the first Cunard steamers in the bay; and the
telegraphic messages which carried from Baltimore to Washington the news that
Henry Clay and James K. Polk were nominated for the Presidency. This was in
May, 1844; he was six years old ; his new world was ready for use, and only
fragments of the old met his eyes.
Of all this that was being done to complicate his education, he knew only the
color of yellow. He first found himself sitting on a yellow kitchen floor in strong
sunlight. He was three years old when he took this earliest step in education; a
lesson of color. The second followed soon; a lesson of taste. On December 3, 1841,
he developed scarlet fever. For several days he was as good as dead, reviving
only under the careful nursing of his family. When he began to recover strength,
about January 1, 1842, his hunger must have been stronger than any other
pleasure or pain, for while in after life he retained not the faintest recollection of
his illness, he remembered quite clearly his aunt entering the sickroom bearing
in her hand a saucer with a baked apple.
The order of impressions retained by memory might naturally be that of
color and taste, although one would rather suppose that the sense of pain would
be first to educate. In fact, the third recollection of the child was that of
discomfort. The moment he could be removed, he was bundled up in blankets
and carried from the little house in Hancock Avenue to a larger one which his

Thesaurus
bundled: (adj) wrapped. educate: (v) instruct, civilize, train, ANTONYM: (adj) soothing.
color: (n, v) flush, blush, tint, tinge, cultivate, coach, bring up, drill, saucer: (n) plate, platter, discus, bowl,
paint, stain; (adj, n, v) colour; (v) discipline, breed, rear, nurture. pan, dot, calabash, disk, dish
redden; (n) guise, complexion; (adj, n) impressions: (n) impersonation, antenna, point, porringer.
tone. ANTONYMS: (v) discolor, pale, imitation. sickroom: (n) infirmary, sick bay,
show, whiten, untwist, denote, neighbors: (n) neighbourhood. sanitarium, room.
depict, represent, blanch, blench. polk: (n) president Polk, James Polk. telegraphic: (v) eagle winged, electric,
complicate: (v) perplex, confuse, reviving: (adj) bracing, restorative, winged; (adj) concise, telegraphical,
intricate, aggravate, embrangle, renewing, refreshing, revival, brisk, semaphorical.
entangle, involved, muddle, tangle, enlivening, recuperative, troglodytic: (adj) inhospitable,
puzzle, snarl. ANTONYMS: (v) reanimating, promoting Sauvage, cynical, troglodyte, lonely,
simplify, explain, resolve, assist. recuperation, giving life. unclubbable.
Other documents randomly have
different content
 Astronomy - Study Cards
Second 2024 - Center

Prepared by: Professor Miller

Date: August 12, 2025

Section 1: Practical applications and examples

Learning Objective 1: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 1: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 2: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 3: Current trends and future directions
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 3: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 4: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 5: Historical development and evolution
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Research findings and conclusions
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 6: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Practical applications and examples
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Study tips and learning strategies
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Lesson 2: Theoretical framework and methodology
Remember: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Practical applications and examples
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 12: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 15: Current trends and future directions
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Study tips and learning strategies
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 18: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Historical development and evolution
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 19: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Test 3: Research findings and conclusions
Definition: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Ethical considerations and implications
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Study tips and learning strategies
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Best practices and recommendations
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 26: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Historical development and evolution
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 28: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 28: Best practices and recommendations
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Study tips and learning strategies
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 30: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Test 4: Comparative analysis and synthesis
Example 30: Historical development and evolution
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 31: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 32: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 32: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Research findings and conclusions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Historical development and evolution
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Case studies and real-world applications
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 37: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Best practices and recommendations
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 38: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 40: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Introduction 5: Learning outcomes and objectives
Remember: Research findings and conclusions
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Study tips and learning strategies
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 42: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 43: Literature review and discussion
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Practical applications and examples
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 49: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Section 6: Key terms and definitions
Important: Research findings and conclusions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Current trends and future directions
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Key terms and definitions
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Research findings and conclusions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 58: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Chapter 7: Learning outcomes and objectives
Important: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 61: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 61: Literature review and discussion
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Current trends and future directions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Experimental procedures and results
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 64: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 64: Ethical considerations and implications
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Current trends and future directions
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 68: Practical applications and examples
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
References 8: Assessment criteria and rubrics
Remember: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Practical applications and examples
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Historical development and evolution
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Experimental procedures and results
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Historical development and evolution
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Experimental procedures and results
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 76: Best practices and recommendations
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Research findings and conclusions
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
References 9: Historical development and evolution
Key Concept: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 81: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Practical applications and examples
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Case studies and real-world applications
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 85: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 85: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 86: Research findings and conclusions
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 88: Study tips and learning strategies
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Case studies and real-world applications
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Summary 10: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
Practice Problem 90: Current trends and future directions
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Ethical considerations and implications
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
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