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.
72
 CYPRIPEDIUM CHLORONEURUM.
[Plate 37.]
Garden Hybrid.

Epiphytal. Acaulescent. Leaves radical, distichous, coriaceous,

oblong acute, closely tessellated with dark hieroglyphic markings
on a light green ground, the under surface reddish purple. Scapes
solitary in the central leaf-axils, pubescent, reddish purple, one-
flowered, with a very short ovate bract. Flowers large, with
expanded petals, rather attractive in colour; dorsal sepal broadly
ovate, bright yellow-green with white margin, and a narrow purple
central stripe, on each side of which are about four strongly
marked dark green longitudinal veins, connected by finer
transverse veins; lateral (connate) sepals small; petals oblong,
broader upwards, two and a half inches long, and three-fourths of
an inch wide, with green longitudinal veins, and a dark purple
central line, on one side of which (the upper half) they are washed
with wine-purple, and have a yellowish buff margin, and a few
black warts near the base, where they are ciliated; on the other
(lower) half very slightly tinted with purple, the cross veins more
apparent, and the margin green; lip rather large, shortly pouch-
shaped, heavily stained with wine-purple, and freely marked with
bold reticulations of a darker purple, the upper angles yellowish at
the margins. Staminode transversely reniform, pale green, with
dark green feathery markings in front.

Cypripedium chloroneurum, Reichenbach fil., in Gardeners’ Chronicle,

N.S., xiv., 525.

This is one of the most distinct of the new hybrid Lady’s Slippers that
have been recently introduced to the notice of Orchid-growers; it will
also be appreciated as one of the most useful, being of a neat free-
growing and abundant-blooming habit of growth. The Cypripediums
are everybody’s plants, that is to say, any one who has a place
adapted for their cultivation can manage them without difficulty.
Many growers make them their especial care and study, procuring
every species and variety that can be obtained, and thus forming a
very interesting and diverse group.

Our present subject was raised by Robert Warner, Esq., in whose

collection at Broomfield it has been blooming very abundantly, and it
was from Mr. Warner’s plant that our drawing was taken. The variety
resembles the one figured on plate 36 in being of free-blooming
habit, and also in being very attractive in regard to its foliage as well
as its flowers. Many hybrid Cypripediums have been raised in this
country of late years by the Messrs. Veitch and Sons, and also by
other growers. Some of these have proved to be very beautiful and
effective subjects, and no doubt there are others coming forward that
have not yet bloomed. Many splendid novelties may yet be gained by
crossing those kinds that have flowers of distinct forms and colours,
and, as many of the varieties bloom simultaneously, the hybridiser
will find abundant opportunities for carrying out his plans.

These plants appear to be easily raised from seeds, and to 73

reach the flowering stage sooner than most other seedling
Orchids.

Some of the Cypripediums thrive well in a cool house, and by

fertilising these with the best of the stove species, a new set of cool-
house forms would probably be obtained. Such a result would be one
of considerable importance to Orchidists, as no doubt, if varieties of a
different character to those we already possess could be obtained,
some of our enthusiastic growers would take up their cultivation in
good earnest. At present the majority of the Lady’s Slippers require a
warm house.

Cypripedium chloroneurum is a dwarf compact-habited plant, with

evergreen foliage about six inches in length, beautifully variegated
with closely chequered markings of dark and light green. The flowers
are produced in January and February, and continue on for several
weeks. The colours are distinct and attractive, the broad flat dorsal
sepal being of a bright lively pale green striped with darker green
nerves and bordered with white, the petals suffused with purple on
the upper half and marked with black marginal warts, and the
purplish lip freely ornamented with bold dark purple reticulations,
altogether presenting a remarkably effective appearance.

This novel hybrid grows freely when potted in rough fibrous peat with
good drainage. When in vigorous growth it requires a liberal supply of
water at the roots. Propagation is accomplished by dividing the plants
after they have finished blooming and are ready to start into fresh
growth; they can then be divided with safety by cutting off a back
growth with a leading shoot in front of it, but care must be taken in
cutting that the remaining portion of the plant is provided with an eye
so placed as to break and form a new growth. When this young
growth has been made, the divided plant may be shaken out from
the old soil and potted. The offshoots should be placed in small pots
until the following year, when, if they have made good growth, they
may require to be repotted. They must be kept moist and in a plump
condition, as they have only slender resources of their own to rely
upon, but they root freely. As the plants get established they will
require larger supplies of water, for which reason good drainage must
be secured.

Aërides Leeanum.—This novelty has bloomed in the collection of G. W.

L. Schofield, Esq., of New Hall, Hey, Rawtenstall, near Manchester,
producing four flower-spikes. It is a beautiful object, its spikes of
richly-coloured rosy pink blossoms hanging gracefully from the plant.
It is very distinct from any other species of Aërides, and will
doubtless become a great favourite. One of its great
recommendations is that it blooms in the winter, which is not the
case with the generality of these plants, their usual flowering season
being during the spring and summer months. A. Leeanum is a small
growing plant, but produces its spikes of blossoms very freely; and
requiring, as it does, but a limited space for its accommodation, it will
be a most useful introduction for amateur cultivators.—B. S. W.
DENDROBIUM BIGIBBUM. PL. 38.
74
 DENDROBIUM BIGIBBUM.
[Plate 38.]
Native of Tropical North-east Australia.

Epiphytal. Pseudobulbs long, slender, erect, fusiform, one to two

feet in length, closely invested between the nodes with dry light
brown sheaths, the older ones swollen at the very base. Leaves
oblong-lanceolate, sub-acuminate, five ribbed, of a deep green
colour, and a somewhat coriaceous texture, a few only (five or six)
being developed towards the extremities of the stems. Racemes
erect or curving, six to twelve flowered, nearly a foot in length,
usually produced from the upper nodes of the old leafless stems,
but sometimes from the apex of the younger leafy stems. Flowers
large, showy, rich rosy purple; sepals oblong acute, flat, of a rich
purplish magenta, the lateral ones united at the base into a short
blunt spur below the setting on of the lip, above which spur is a
gibbosity, occasioned by a similar swelling at the base of the lip
(whence comes the specific name bigibbum); petals large,
roundish, spreading, recurved, of the same colour as the sepals; lip
three-lobed, the lateral lobes incurved, the retuse middle lobe
somewhat reflexed, rich crimson-purple veined with darker purple,
the base decurrent and gibbose, and the disk with three white
papillose crests. Columns compressed, grooved, the back united
with the sepal.

Dendrobium bigibbum, Lindley, in Paxton’s Flower Garden, iii, 25, fig.

245; Hooker, Botanical Magazine, t. 4898; Walpers’ Annales
Botanices Systematicæ, vi., 302; Warner, Select Orchidaceous
Plants, 2 ser. t. 8; Van Houtte, Flore des Serres, xi., t. 1143;
Bateman, Second Century of Orchidaceous Plants, t. 169;
Williams, Orchid Growers’ Manual, 5 ed., 165.
This plant belongs to one of the most noble and popular, one of the
most showy and beautiful genera of the whole family of Orchids, and
one among the flowers of which nearly every colour occurs—bright
yellow, pure white, rich crimson, bright purple, soft mauve, rich
orange, nankeen, and many others being found among the many and
various habited species of Dendrobes.

Dendrobium bigibbum, the subject of our plate, is a species of a

remarkably beautiful and showy character, which, until within the last
few years, has been somewhat rare. In 1876, however, we received a
large consignment from our collector, Mr. Goldie, who was then on his
way to New Guinea, and who met with it growing on an island in
Torres Straits, it having hitherto, we believe, been found only on the
mainland of Australia. These plants were very fine, some of the
specimens being of enormous dimensions, with stems quite two feet
long, and from one and a-half to two inches in circumference. The
specimens from which our figure of one of the most charming forms
of this species which we have yet seen, was prepared, were kindly
sent to us from the fine collection of the Marquess of Lothian, at
Newbattle Abbey. Dalkeith, where it bloomed in September last 75
in full beauty, amongst many other notable Orchids which are
well cultivated by the intelligent gardener, Mr. Priest, who takes great
delight in the careful management of his plants.

This species of Dendrobium is partially deciduous, the fully ripened

stems sometimes losing the whole of their foliage, while the young
growths retain their leaves until the following year. It grows from one
to two feet in height, and produces its racemes of flowers sometimes
from the top of the young growths, and sometimes from the old
stems, in the latter case often bearing many spikes on the same
stem. The flowers are of a rich rosy purple, and last in perfection for
a considerable period. It is a most useful subject for associating with
a button-hole bouquet, single flowers being shown off to great
advantage by placing a light-looking fern frond behind them. The
racemes of flowers last a long time after being cut if placed in water,
and are most useful in all floral decorations. By growing several
plants, successional blooms may be had at different periods.

This Tropical Australian species is best grown in a warm house, as the

plants require a good amount of heat—70° to 80° while growing—
and plenty of light, but the burning rays of the sun must be kept from
them. They thrive best when planted in pans or baskets amongst
rough fibrous peat and sphagnum moss, and suspended from the
roof of the Orchid house. During the summer season they require a
liberal supply of water, but in winter should have only sufficient to
keep the stems plump. The plant will also succeed on blocks of wood,
but, if grown in this way, it will in hot weather need watering twice a
day, and once a day at other times. Some cultivators have been
unsuccessful with this species, but we have found it to thrive well in a
house where Crotons, Dipladenias, Stephanotis, etc., are grown; the
Dendrobes seem to enjoy the moisture transmitted to them by the
stove plants which are generally syringed in warm weather, and the
dew arising from this operation appears to suit the Orchid. The
syringe is also useful in subduing the red spider, which will sometimes
attack the young growth. Insects often infest those kinds of
Dendrobium that are grown in strong heat, but they must by this and
other means be kept under.

Such treatment suits almost all the popular Dendrobes, namely, D.

Devonianum, D. Wardianum superbum, D. chrysanthum, D.
superbum (macrophyllum), D. crassinode, etc.; and the plants are
found to be much stronger by reason of hanging near the glass well
exposed to light, in which position they can be syringed on warm
days—this moistening not only invigorating their growth, but being
also a means of keeping insects under control.
PHALÆNOPSIS STUARTIANA NOBILIS. PL. 39.
76
 PHALÆNOPSIS STUARTIANA NOBILIS.
[Plate 39.]
Native of the East.

Epiphytal. Acaulescent, the plants clinging to their supports by

stout flattened roots. Leaves coriaceous, distichous, ligulate-
oblong, acute, channelled, equitant at the base, the upper surface
marbled with transverse grey blotches which disappear with age,
the under surface purplish red, similar in size to those of
Phalænopsis Schilleriana. Scape radical, bearing a many-flowered
(120 or more) branching panicle of very handsomely and peculiarly
spotted blossoms. Flowers nearly three inches across, expanded,
cream-coloured at first, becoming white; sepals oblong, or ovate-
oblong, about an inch in length, the dorsal one white, the lateral
ones white along the upper side, the lower side being yellow
thickly spotted with cinnamon-red; petals much broader, narrowed
near the base, white; lip three-lobed, with a four-horned yellow
callosity at its base, the lateral lobes oblong, rounded, the middle
lobe oval, with an anchor-like extremity, the apex terminating in a
pair of narrow recurved laciniæ, all the lobes yellow at the base,
white upwards and handsomely spotted with rich cinnamon-red.
Column clavate, white.

Phalænopsis Stuartiana, Reichenbach fil., in Gardeners’ Chronicle, N.S.

xvi., 748, 753, fig. 149; Moore, Florist and Pomologist, 1882,
49, t. 559.

Var. NOBILIS; flowers larger in all their parts, marked with fewer and
larger spots; front lobe of the lip rhombic.

Phalænopsis Stuartiana var. NOBILIS, Reichenbach fil., in Gardeners’

Chronicle, N.S. xvi., 748.
There can be no doubt that the species of Phalænopsis rank amongst
our finest Orchids, on account of the purity and soft tinting of their
blossoms and the profusion in which they are produced.
Unfortunately, at present, we only possess a limited number of them.
During the last few years, indeed, many new kinds, which are giving
a fresh interest to the genus, have been introduced by our collectors;
and, although it is barely possible that any new introduction should
surpass the old species, yet it is gratifying to know that there are yet
to be found distinct and novel kinds of great beauty. P. Stuartiana,
which we now bring under the notice of our readers, is a very fine
and well-marked species, recently imported from the East by Messrs.
Low & Co., of Upper Clapton, and named by Professor Reichenbach in
honour of Mr. Stuart Low, who is one of the largest importers of this
class of Orchids. Our plate, which represents the variety called P.
Stuartiana nobilis, was sketched from a plant now in the fine
collection of William Lee, Esq., of Downside, Leatherhead, who
purchased it when in full beauty from the Messrs. Low, and we have
to thank Mr. Lee for his kindness in allowing the drawing to be made.
It is to be hoped that collectors may find more of it in its native 77
country, although we believe it to be very rare, and, like many
other recent discoveries to be probably a natural hybrid produced by
insect fertilisation. We have no doubt that there are yet many fine
forms of Phalænopsis; and if we could but obtain the scarlet one,
which some years ago was reported to have been seen by a collector
who was not able to bring it home, what a grand acquisition that
would be!

Phalænopsis Stuartiana nobilis resembles P. Schilleriana in the young

growth, its newly developed leaves being of the same shape and
colour and similarly spotted, but the older leaves assume more of the
character of P. amabilis; while the flowers, instead of being mauve-
coloured, are pure white, with the inferior halves of the lateral sepals
yellow and boldly spotted with cinnamon-red, as also is a portion of
the lip, the side lobes of which bear smaller and more closely set
spots. We have little doubt that this plant is a wild hybrid between P.
Schilleriana and P. amabilis, as though the young leaves come
spotted, they afterwards change to the colour of those of P. amabilis,
as already described.

This plant requires the same treatment as P. Schilleriana, and is best

grown among sphagnum moss in baskets suspended from the roof,
care being taken to give it a good supply of water during the growing
season. It should have the heat of the East India house, and should
at all times be kept moist at the roots, for if allowed to become dry, it
will loose its lower leaves. If the plants are in a healthy and free-
growing condition, flowering does not injure them; but, if at all sickly,
they should not be allowed to blossom until they regain strength and
vigour, as they are naturally free-flowering plants, and under such
circumstances might bloom themselves to death. The moss about
their roots must be sweet and in a living state; when it becomes
decayed it should be removed, the roots washed, and the plant
replaced in clean live moss with fresh free drainage, so that the
water, of which a considerable quantity is required, may never
become stagnant. Shading is an important element in the successful
cultivation of these plants; therefore the sun, when at its full power
in summer, must never be allowed to shine upon them, but in winter
a little sun-heat is beneficial, and they then require all the light which
it is possible to give them. Neither drip, nor water in any other form,
must be suffered to reach the hearts of the plants, as it causes them
to rot.

Insects are troublesome at times. The thrips, if allowed to multiply,

will greatly disfigure the plants, causing damage by depriving them of
the juices which should go to sustain their vigour. When free from
such pests, and in a healthy condition, the leaves of the
Phalænopsids have a pleasing appearance; and, if they are well
looked after, it will not be difficult to keep them clean, the more
especially as being of large size, they can be readily operated upon.
ODONTGLOSSUM KRAMERII. PL. 40.
78
 ODONTOGLOSSUM KRAMERI.
[Plate 40.]
Native of Costa Rica.

Epiphytal. Pseudobulbs nearly orbicular, much compressed,

ancipitous or sharply two-edged, one and a-half inch in diameter,
pale green. Leaves solitary, oblong-lanceolate, acute, keeled, six to
eight inches long, one and a-half to two inches broad, light green,
with a smooth even surface. Scapes radical, four to six inches long,
shorter than the leaves, three to five flowered, drooping or
ascending, flexuous, pale green, with small appressed bracts and
longish peduncles. Flowers one and a-half inch or more across, and
delicately coloured; sepals oblong acute, rosy lilac with a white
margin; petals about equalling the sepals in size, and similar to
them in form and colour; lip with a short stout neck, deeply
hollowed in front, with two erect calli, the lateral lobes semi-ovate,
narrow, deflexed, the much larger middle lobe three-fourths of an
inch broad, roundish reniform, emarginate, bearing at the base a
pair of erect lamellæ, the unguis or neck yellow spotted with red,
the front lobe deep rosy lilac, marked near its base with two semi-
circular bands of white and purplish rose. Column short, thick,
white in front.

Odontoglossum Krameri, Reichenbach fil., in Gardeners’ Chronicle,

1868, 98, with woodcut; Hooker fil., Botanical Magazine, t.
5778; Bateman, Monograph of Odontoglossum, t. 24;
Williams, Orchid Growers’ Manual, 5 ed., 236; Floral Magazine,
t. 406 (as O. Kremeri.)

This is a most charming small-growing Orchid, with remarkably pretty

delicately coloured flowers. It is at the present time very rare in
collections, and, in fact, had become almost lost to cultivation, but
fortunately during the last year a small number of plants was
imported into this country and distributed. Our drawing was made
from a plant which formed part of this importation, and which
produced its chastely coloured blossoms in the Victoria Nursery. Many
years ago we remember to have seen a fine lot imported by the late
George Ure Skinner, Esq., but since then it has until last year
disappeared from our notice. We are, however, glad to see it again
making its appearance in our Orchid-houses; for, as will be seen by
reference to our illustration, it is a plant of a most distinct and
pleasing character, and will be a real acquisition to the group of
Odontoglots, of which numerous highly popular species are at
present in cultivation.

Odontoglossum Krameri is a plant of compact-growing habit, with

small flattened light green pseudobulbs, each producing from the top
a solitary leaf of a pale green colour. The plant generally attains
about ten inches in height. The flower spikes or peduncles are freely
produced from the base of the pseudobulbs after they have
completed their growth, several flowers being produced on 79
each peduncle. The sepals and petals are of a rosy lilac colour,
margined with white; the lip is also rosy lilac, but of a darker shade,
flushed with yellow and marked and spotted with purple at the neck,
and having two semi-circular bands of dark purplish rose and white
near the base. The plants continue in bloom for several weeks.

We have found this species to thrive well in the Cattleya house,

planted in small pans or pots with good peat and sphagnum moss. It
might possibly do in a cooler structure, but we have as yet only
cultivated it in the Cattleya house, and this treatment has been found
to suit it. It requires to be kept moist during the growing season, but
when at rest should have only just sufficient water to keep it in a
plump condition. The plant possesses one great advantage—that of
blooming during the autumn months, when such flowers are so much
in request. It has also another good quality—that of occupying but a
small space, so that any cultivator who has a spare niche in his
Orchid house can grow it without any inconvenience.
Cattleya Trianæ.—R. B. Dodgson, Esq., of Blackburn, has kindly sent
us a wonderfully fine series of flowers of the different varieties of C.
Trianæ, including some of the grandest that have yet come under our
notice. Of two or three of these our Artist is preparing plates, which
will be issued in due course in the Orchid Album. The variety named
C. Trianæ Dodgsoni bears most beautiful flowers, which are quite
distinct from all that we have previously seen, the sepals and petals
being large, and of a pure white, while the lip is of a rich magenta
colour, with the throat rich orange, white in the upper part. C. Trianæ
Osmani is also a very fine variety, the flowers being rich in colour, the
sepals and petals rosy pink, and the lip large, of a bright magenta
colour; it is in fact altogether a wonderfully fine flower. There were
several other varieties sent, including one which we have selected as
the original C. Trianæ; this we shall first bring under the notice of our
readers, and the other two will follow.—B. S. W.

Mr. Dorman’s Orchids.—When visiting this grand collection last month

(March) we noticed the rare Epidendrum Wallisii in flower. Mr.
Coningsby, the gardener, informed us that the flowers on this plant
had been open since November, and they still looked fresh. Lælia
flava was also good. Galeandra Devoniana, a plant one seldom sees
in bloom, was quite at home here, flowering and growing luxuriantly.
Lycaste Skinneri alba, with its pure white flowers looked very
charming; this was an extra fine variety, with flowers as large as any
we remember to have seen. In addition to these there were many
fine things in flower, which space will not permit us to mention. Mr.
Dorman’s Orchids are looking remarkably well, and are well cared for,
both employer and gardener being enthusiastically fond of them.—H.
W.
ANGRÆCUM EBURNEUM. PL. 41.
80