Game Of Thrones The Complete 6Th Season

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Game Of Thrones The Complete 6Th
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 Game Of Thrones The
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NOTES. Note 1, p. 21. — He embarked for Arabia. — These

particulars of the visit of the King of Bucharia to Aurungzebe are
found in Dow's History of Uindost an, vol. iii. p. 392. Note 2, p. 21.
— LALLA ROOKH. — Tulip cheek. Note 3. p. 21. — Leila. — The
mistress of Mejnoun, upon whose story so many romances in all the
languages of the East are founded. Note 4, p. 21. — Shirine. — For
the loves of this celebrated beauty with Khosrou and with Ferliad,
see U'llerbelot, Gibbon, Oriental Collections, etc. Note 5, p. 21. —
Deicildt. — "The history of the loves of Dowild*? and Chizer, the son
of the Emperor Alia, is written in an elegant poem, by the noble
Chusero." — Ferixhta. Note 6, p. 22. — Scatti-riny of the Hoses. —
Gul Heazee. Note 7, p. 22. — Emperor's far or. — "One mark of
honor or knighthood bestowed by the Emperor is the permission to
wear a small kettledrum at the bows of their saddles, which at first
was invented for the training of hawks, and to call them to the lure,
and is worn in the field by all sportsmen to that end." — Fryer's
Traeeln. "Those on whom the King has conferred the privilege must
wear an ornament of jewels on the right side of the (urban.
Mirnionnted by a high plninc of the feathers of a kind of egret. This
bird i»« found only in Cashmere, and the feather-* are can-fiitlv
collected for the King, who bestows them on his nobles." —
Kli'liinstonc'x Account nf ('antml. Note «, p. 2*2. — Kfilrr Khun. — "
Khedar Khan, the Khakan. or Xing of Turqnestan beyond the Gihon
(at the end of the eleventh "
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236 NOTES. century), whenever he appeared abroad, was

preceded by seveu hundred horsemen with silver battle-axes, and
was followed by an equal number bearing maces of gold. He was a
great patron of poetry, and it was he who used to preside at public
exercises of genius, with four basins of gold and silver by him to
distribute among the poets who excelled." — Richardson'1 s
Dissertation prefixed to his Dictionary. Note 9, p. 22. — Gilt pine-
apples. — " The kubdeh, a large golden knob, generally in the shape
of a pine-apple, on the top of the canopy over the litter or
palanquin." — Scott's Notes on the Bahardanush. Note 10, p. 22. —
Sumptuous litter. — In the Poein of Zohair, in the Moallakat, there is
the following lively description of " a company of maidens seated on
camels." " They are mounted in carriages covered with costly
awnings, and with rose-colored veils, the linings of which have the
hue of crimson Andem wood. " When they ascend from the bosom
of the vale, they sit forward on the saddle-cloth, with every mark of
a voluptuous gayety. " Now, when they have reached the brink of
yon blue-gushing rivulet, they fix the poles of their tents like the
Arab with a settled mansion." Note 11, p. 22. — Argus pheasant's
wing. — See Bernier's description of the attendants on Raucha-nara-
Begum, in her progress to Cashmere. Note 12, p. 23. — Munificent
protector. — This hypocritical Emperor would have made a worthy
associate of certain Holy Leagues. — " He held the cloak of religion,"
says Dow, "between his actions and the vulgar; and impiously
thanked the Divinity for a success which he owed to his own
wickedness. When he was murdering and persecuting his brothers
and their families, he was building a magnificent mosque at Delhi, as
an offering to God for his assistance to him in the civil wars. He
acted as high priest at the consecration of this temple; and made a
practice of attending divine service there, in the humble dress of a
Fakeer. But when he lifted one hand to the Divinity, he, with the
other, signed warrants for the assassination of his relations." —
History of Hindostan, vol. iii. p. 335. See also the curious letter of
Aurungzebe, given in the Oriental Collections, -vol. i. p. 320.
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NOTES. 237 Note 18, p. 23. — The Idol of Jaghernaut.—"

The idol at Jagliernat lias two fine diamonds for eyes. No goldsmith
is suffered to enter the Pagoda, one having stolen one of these eyes,
being locked up all night with the Idol." — Taternier. Note 14, p. 23.
— Jioyal Gardens of DelJn. — See a description of these Royal
Gardens in "An Account of the present State of Delhi," by Lieut. \V.
Franklin; Axiat. Itesearch, vol. iv. p. 417. Note 15, p. 23. — Lake of
Pearl. — "In the neighborhood is Notte Gill, or the Lake of Pearl,
which receives this name from its pellucid water." — Pennant's
Hindostan. "Nasir Jung encamped in the vicinity of the Lake of
Tonoor, amused himself with sailing on that clear and beautiful
water, and gave it the fanciful name of ilotee Talah, 'the Lake of
Pearls,' which it still retains." — Wilks's South of India. Note 10, p.
24. — Isles of the Went. — Sir Thomas Roe, Ambassador from
James I. to Jehan-Guire. Note 17, p. 24. — Ezra. — " The romance
Wemakweazra, written in Persian verse, which contains the loves of
Wamak and Ezra, two celebrated lovers who lived before the time of
Mahoir.et." — Note on the Oriental Tales. Note 18, p. 24. —
Rodahrer. — Their amour is recounted in the Shah-Nameh of
Ferdousi; and there is much beauty in the passage which describes
the slaves of liodahvor sitting on the bank of the river, ami throwing
flowers into the stream, in order to draw the attention of the young
Hero who is encamped on the opposite side. (See Champion's
translation.) Note 10, p. 24. — White Demon. — liustam is the
Hercules of the Persians. For the particulars of his victory over the
Sopped IVevo, or White Demon, see Oriental ('ollcrtiuns. vol. ii. p.
4"». — " Near the city of Shiran/ is an immense quadrangular
monument, in commemoration of this romh:it. railed the Kelaat-i-
Deev Sejierd, or castle of the. White Giant, which Father A ngclo, in
his d'aznjihiltirlmn 1'ernirnm, p. \'2~, declares to have been the
most memorable monument of antiquity which he had M-en in
Persia." (Sec Ouseley's Persian Hisctll&niei.) Note 20, p. 24. —
Golden anklet*. — " The wom.-n of the Idol, or dancing girls of the
Pagoda, have little golden bvlU fastened to
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238 NOTES. their feet, the soft harmonious tinkling of wliicli

vibrates in unison with the exquisite melody of their voices." —
Maurice's Indian Antiquities. " The Arabian courtesans, like the
Indian women, have little golden bells fastened round their legs,
neck, and elbows, to the sound of which they dance before the King.
The Arabian princesses wear golden rings on their fingers, to which
little bells are suspended, as well as in tlie flowing tresses of their
hair, that their superior rank may be known, and they themselves
receive in passing the homage due to them." (See Calmet's
Dictionary, art. Bells.) Note 21, p. 25. — Delicious opium. — " Abou-
Tige, ville de la Theba'ide, ou il croit beaucoup de pavot noir, dont se
fait le meilleur opium." — D'Herbelot. Note 22, p. 25. — Crishna. —
The Indian Apollo. — " He and the three Ramas are described as
youths of perfect beauty; and the princesses of Hindustan were all
passionately in love with Chrishna, who continues to this hour the
darling God of the Indian women." — Sir W. Jones, on the Gods of
Greece, Italy, and India. Note 23. p. 25. — Shatcl-goats of Tibet. —
See Tumor's Enibassy for a description of this animal, " the most
beauMful among the whole tribe of goats." The material for the
shawls (which is carried to Cashmere) is found next the skin. Note
24, p. 26. — Veiled Prophet of Khorassan. — For the real history of
this Impostor, whose original name was Hakem ben Haschem, and
who was called Mokanna from the veil of silver gauze (or, as others
say, golden) which he always wore, see D'Herbelot. Note 25, p. 27.
— Khorassan. — Khorassan signifies, in the old Persian language,
Province or Region of the Sun. — Sir W. Jones. Note 26, p. 27. —
Flowerets and fruits blush orer every stream. "The fruits of Meru are
finer than those of any other place; and one cannot see in any other
city such palaces with groves, and streams, and gardens." — Ebn
Haukal's Geography. Note 27, p. 27. — Among MEROU'S bright
palaces and groves. One of the royal cities of Khorassan. Note 28, p.
27. — MOUSSA'S. — Moses.
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NOTES. 239 Note 29, p. 27. — O'er MOUSSA'S cheek, when

doicn the Mount he trod. " Ses disciples assuroient qu'il se couvroit
le visage, pour ne pas e"blouir ceux qui 1'approchoient par 1'eclat de
son visage comme Moyse." — D' llerbelot. Note 30, p. 27. — In
hatred to the Caliph's hue of night. Black was the color adopted by
the Caliphs of the House of Abbas, in their garments, turbans, and
standards. — " 11 faut remarqtier ici touchant les habits blancs des
disciples de Hakem, que la couleur des habits, des coiffures et des
etendards dea Khalifes Abassides etant la noire, ce chef de Rebelles
ne pouvoit pas clioisir une qui lui fut plus opposee." — D'Herbelot.
Note 31, p. 28. — H'ithjavrlins of the lijht Kathalan reed. "Our dark
javelins, exquisitely wrought of Khathaiau reeds, slender and
delicate." — Poem of Amru. Note 32, p. 28. — Fill'd icith the stems.
Pichula, used anciently for arrows by the Persians. Note 33, p. 28. —
That bloom on IUAN'S rivers. The Persians call this plant Gaz. The
celebrated shaft of Isfendlar, one of their ancient heroes, was made
of it. — "Nothing can be more beautiful than the appearance of this
plant in flower during the rains on the banks of rivers, where it is
usually interwoven with a lovely twining asdepias." — .Sir \\'. Jones,
Botanical Select Indian I'laiit.i. Note 34, p. 28. — Like a ch
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240 NOTES. Note 37, p. 29. — Like tulip-beds, of different

shape and dyes. "The name of tulip is said to be of Turkish
extraction, and given to the flower on account of its resembling a
turban." — Beckmann's History of Intentions. Note 38, p. 29. — And
fur-bound bonnet of Bucharian shape. "The inhabitants of Bucharia
wear a round cloth bonnet, shaped much after the Polish fashion,
having a large fur border. They tie their kaftans about the middle
with a girdle of a kind of silk crape, several times round the body." —
Account of Independent Tartary, in Pinko-ton's Collection. Note 39,
p. 29. — Overwhelmed in fight and captive to the Greek. In the war
of the Caliph Mahadi against the Empress Irene, for an account of
which vide Gibbon, vol. x. Note 40, p. 31. — The flying throne of
star-taught SOIJMAN. This wonderful throne was called The Star of
the Genii. For a full description of it, see the Fragment, translated by
Captain Franklin, from a Persian MS. entitled, " The History of
Jerusalem," Oriental Collections, vol. i. p. 235. — When Soliman
travelled, the Eastern writers say, " He had a carpet of green silk on
which his throne was placed, being of a prodigious length and
breadth, and sufficient for all his forces to stand upon, the men
placing themselves on his right hand, and the spirits on his left; and
that when all were in order, the wind, at his command, took up the
carpet, and transported it, with all that were upon it, wherever he
pleased ; the army of birds at the same time flying over their heads,
and forming a kind of canopy to shade them from the sun." — Sale's
Koran, vol. ii. p. 214, note. Note 41, p. 31. — Formany an age, in
every chance and change. The transmigration of souls was one of
his doctrines. ( Vide D'Herbelot.) Note 42, p. 31. — To which all
Heaven, except the Proud One, knelt. " And when we said unto the
angels, Worship Adam, they all worshipped except Eblis (Lucifer),
who refused." — The Koran, chap. ii. Note 43, p. 31. — In
MoussA's/rame, — and, thence descending, flowed. — Moses.
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NOTES. 241 Note 44, p. 31. — Through many a Prophet's

breast. This is according to D'Herbelot's account of the doctrines of
Mokanna: — " Sa doctrine e*toit, que Dieu avoit pris une forme et
figure huraaine, depuis qu'il eut coinmande aux Anges d'adorer
Adam, le premier des hommes. Qu'apres la mort d'Adam, Dieu e"toit
apparu sous la figure de plusieurs Prophetes, et autres grands
hommes qu'il avoit choisis, jusqu'a ce qu'il prit ct-lled'Abu Moslem,
Prince de Kliorassan, lequel professoit 1'erreur de la Tenassukhiah ou
Metempsychose; et qu'apres la inort de ce Prince, la Divinite e"toit
passe'e et descendue eu sa personne." Note 45, p. 31. — In ISSA
shone. — Jesus. Note 46, p. 34. — Born by that ancient flood, ichich
from its spring. The Amoo, which rises in the Belur Tag, or Dark
Mountains, anfc, running nearly from east lowest, splits into two
branches; one of which falls into the Caspian Sea, and the other into
Aral Nahr, or the Lake of Eagles. Note 47, p. 35. — The bulbul utters,
ere her soul depart. — The nightingale. Note 48, p. 42. — In holy
ROOM, or MECCA'S dim arcades. The Cities of Com (or Koom) and
Cashan are full of mosques, mausoleums, and sepulchres of the
descendants of Ali, the Saints of Persia. — Chardin. Note 49, p. 42.
— Stood rases, fiWd with KIPHMKE'S golden wine. An island in the
Persian Gulf, celebrated for its white wine. Note 5O, p. 42. — Like
ZKMZKM'S Spring of Holiness, had poiccr. The miraculous wHI at
Mecca; so called, says Sale, from the murmuring of its waters. \oto
51, p. 42. — Whom INDIA xrrrr.t. the monkey d> ity. The (!o«l
Hannaman. — "Apes arc in many part-* of India highly venerated,
out of respect to tin- (lod Ilamiainati. a deity partaking of the form of
that race." — V< •niwnt'* llinn's /Vr*i«i, of a solemn «'inbassy from
some part of the Indies to (ioa. when the Portuguese
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242 NOTES. were there, offering vast treasures for the

recovery of a monkey's tooth, which they held in great veneration,
and which had been taken away upon the conquest of the kingdom
of Jafanapatan. Note 52, p. 42. — To bend in worship, LUCIFER was
right. The resolution of Eblis not to acknowledge the new creature,
man, was, according to Mahometan tradition, thus adopted: — "The
earth (which God had selected for the materials of His work ) was
carried into Arabia to a place between Mecca and Tayef , where,
being first kneaded by the angels, it was afterwards fashioned by
God himself into a human form, and left to dry for the space of forty
days, or, as others say, as many years; the angels, in the meantime,
often visiting it, and Eblis (then one of the angels nearest to God's
presence, afterwards the devil) among the rest; but he, not
contented with looking at it, kicked it with his foot till it rung; and
knowing God designed that creature to be his superior, took a secret
resolution never to acknowledge him as such." — Sale oil the Koran.
Note 53, p. 43. — From dead men's marrow guides them best at
night. A kind of lantern formerly used by robbers, called the Hand of
Glory, the candle for which was made of the fat of a dead
malefactor. This, however, was rather a "Western than an Eastern
superstition. Note 54, p. 43. — In that best-marble ofichich Gods are
made. The material of which images of Gaudma (the Birman Deity)
are made, is held sacred. " Birmans may not purchase the marble in
mass, but are suffered, and indeed encouraged, to buy figures of the
Deity ready made." — Symes's Ava, vol. ii. p. 376. Note 55, p. 46. —
Of Eerzrah flowers, came filVd with pestilence. " It is commonly said
in Persia that if a man breathe in the hot south wind, which in June
or July passes over that flower (the Kerzereh), it will kill him." —
Thevenot. Note 56, p. 49. — Within the crocodile's stretch'd jaws to
come. The humming-bird is said to run this risk for the purpose of
picking the crocodile's teeth. The same circumstance is related of
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NOTES, 243 the lapwing, as a fact to which he was witness,

by Paul Lucas, Voyage fait en 1714. The ancient story concerning the
Trochilus, or humming-bird, entering with impunity into the mouth of
the crocodile, is firmly believed at Java. — Harrow's Cochin China.
Note 57, p. 50. — That rank and venomous food on which she lice*.
'• Circum easdem ripas (Nili, viz.) ales est Ibis. Ea serpentimn
populatur ova, gratissimamque ex his cscain nidis suis refert." —
Solinus, Note 58, p. 51. — Yamtcheou. — "The Feast of Lanterns is
celebrated at Yamtcheou with more magnificence than anywhere
else: and the report goes that the illuminations there are so splendid
that an Emperor once, not daring openly to leave his Court to go
thither, committed himself with the Queen and several Princesses of
his family into the hands of a magician, who promised to transport
them thither in a trice. lie made them in the night to ascend
magnificent thrones that were borne up by swans, which in a
moment arrived at Yamtcheou. The Emperor saw at his leisure all
the solemnity, being carried upon a cloud that hovered over the city
and descended by degrees; and came back again with the same
s]>eed ami equipage, nobody at court perceiving his absence." —
77
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244 NOTES. Note 62, p. 52. — The fingers' ends with a

bright roseate hue. "They tinged the ends of their fingers scarlet
with henna, so that they resembled branches of coral." — Story of
Prince Futtun in liahardanush. Note 63, p. 53. — To give that long,
dark languish to the eye. " The women blacken the inside of their
eyelids with a powder named the black kohol." — Russel. " None of
these ladies," says Shaw, " take themselves to be completely
dressed, till they have tinged the hair and edges of their eyelids with
the powder of lead ore. Now, as this operation is performed by
dipping first into the powder a small wooden bodkin of the thickness
of a quill, and then drawing it afterwards through the eyelids over
the ball of the eye, we shall have a lively image of what the Prophet
( Jer. iv. 30) may be supposed to mean by rending the eyes with
painting. This practice is no doubt of great antiquity; for besides the
instance already taken notice of, we find that where Jezebel is said
(2 Kings ix. 30) to have painted her face, the original words are, she
adjusted her eyes with the powder of lead ore." — Shaw's Travels.
Note 64, p. 53. — In her full lap the Champac's leaves of gold. The
appearance of the blossoms of the gold-colored Champac on the
black hair of the Indian women has supplied the Sanscrit poets with
many elegant allusions. (See Asiatic Researches, vol. iv.) Note 65, p.
53. — The sweet Elcaya, and that courteous tree. A tree famous for
its perfume, and common on the hills of Yemen. — Niebuhr. Note 66,
p. 53. — Which bows to all who seek its canopy. Of the genus
mimosa, "which droops its branches whenever any person
approaches it, seeming as if it saluted those who retire under its
shade." — Ibid. Note 67, p. 54. — The bowers of TIBET, send forth
odorous light. " Cloves are a principal ingredient in the composition
of the perfumed rods, which men of rank keep constantly burning in
their presence." — Turner's Tibet.
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NOTES. 245 Note <58, p. 54. — With odoriferous woods of

COMORIN. " C'est d'oii vient le bois d'alocs que les Arabes appellent
Cud Comari, et celui du sandal, qui s'y trouve en grande quantite."
— D Herbelot. Note 69, p. 54. — The crimson blossoms of the coral
tree. " Thousands of variegated lories visit the coral trees." —
Barrow. Note 70, p. 51. — Mecca's blue sacred pigeon. " In Mecca
there are quantities of blue pigeons, which none will affright or
abuse, much less kill." — PitVs account of the Mahometans. Note 71,
p. 54. — The thrush of Hindostan. " The Pagoda Thrush is esteemed
among the first choristers of India. It sits perched on the sacred
pagodas, and from thence delivers its melodious song." — Pennant's
Hindostan. Note 72, p. 55. — About the gardens, drunk with that
sweet food. Ta vernier adds, that while the birds of Paradise lie in
this intoxicated state, the emmets come and eat off their legs ; and
that hence it is they are said to have no feet. Note 73, p. 55. —
Whose scent hatlt litr'd them o'pr the summer flood. Birds of
Paradise, which, at the nutmeg season, come in flights from the
.southern isles to India; and '' the strength of the nutmeg," says
Tavernier, " so intoxicates them, that they fall dead drunk to the
earth." Note 74, p. 55. — Build their hi'/fi nests of Innldinrj
rhinainon. "That bird which liveth in Arabia, and buildeth its nest
with cinnamon.1' — Bnncni''* \'nl•• lodged in the crops of green
birds." — (iibbim, vol. ix. p. 421. Note 7*5. p. 55. — Morr likf tin-
Injuries of Hint inii'ion* Kin-i. Shedad, who made tho delicious
gardens of I rim. in imitation of Paradise, ami w.is destroyed by
lightning the first time he attempted to enter them.
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246 NOTES. Note 77, p. 56. — In its blue blossoms hum

themselves to sleep. " My Pandits assure me that the plant before us
(the Nilica) is their Sephalica, thus named because the bees are
supposed to sleep on its blossoms." — Sir W. Jones. Note 78, p. 58.
— As they were captives to the King of Flowers. " They deferred it
till the King of Flowers should ascend his throne of enamelled
foliage." — The Bahardanush. Note 79, p. 58. — But a light golden
chain-work round her hair. " One of the head-dresses of the Persian
women is composed of a light golden chain-work, set with small
pearls, with a thin gold plate pendant, about the bigness of a crown-
piece, on which is impressed an Arabian prayer, and which hangs
upon the cheek below the ear." — Hamcay's Travels. Note 80, p. 58.
— Siich as the maids of TEZD and SIIIRAS wear. " Certainly the
women of Yezd are the handsomest women in Persia. The proverb
is, that to live happy a man must have a wife of Yezd, eat the bread
of Yezdecas, and drink the wine of Shiraz." — Tavernier. Note 81, p.
59. — Upon a musnud's edge. Musnuds are cushioned seats, usually
reserved for persons of distinction. Note 82, p. 59. — In the pathetic
mode of ISFAHAN. The Persians, like the ancient Greeks, call their
musical modes or Perclas by the names of different coimtries or
cities, as the mode of Isfahan, the mode of Irak, etc. Note 83, p. 59.
— There's a bower of roses by BENDEMEER'S stream. A river which
flows near the ruins of Chilminar. Note 84, p. 61. — The hills of
crystal on the Caspian shore. " To the north of us (on the coast of
the Caspian, near Badku) was a mountain, which sparkled like
diamonds, arising from the sea-glass and crystals with which it
abounds." — Journey of the Russian Ambassador to Persia, 1746.
Note 85, p. 61. — Of EDEX, shake in the eternal breeze. " To which
will be added the sound of the bells, hanging on the trees, which will
be put in motion by the wind proceeding from the throne of God, as
often as the blessed wish for music." — Sale.
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NOTES. 247 Note 86, p. 62. — And his floating eyes — oh!
they resemble. " Whose wanton eyes resemble blue water-lilies,
agitated by the breeze." — Jayadeva. Note 87, p. 62. — Blue water-
lilies. The blue lotus, which grows in Cashmere and in Persia. Note
88, p. 63. — To muse upon the pictures that huny round. It has
been generally supposed that the Mahometans prohibit all pictures
of animals; but Toderini shows that, though the practice is forbidden
by the Koran, they are not more averse to painted figures and
images than other people. From Mr. 'Murphy's work, too, we find
that the Arabs of Spain had no objection to the introduction of
figures into painting. Note 89, p. 63. — Whose orb when half retired
looks loveliest. This is not quite astronomically true. " Dr. Hadley
(says Keil) has shown that Venus is brightest when she is about forty
degrees removed from the sun; and that then but only a fourth part
of her lucid disk is to be seen from the earth." Note 90, p. 63- — He
read that to be blest is to be icise. For the lores of King Solomon
(who was supposed to preside over the whole race of Genii) with
Balkis. the Queen of Shcba or Saba. see D'llerbe'ot, and the Notes
on the Koran, chap ii. " In the palace which Solomon ordered to be
built against the arrival of the Queen of Saba, the floor or pavement
was of transparent glass, laid over running water, in which fish were
swimming." This led the Queen into a very natural mistake, which
the Koran has not thought beneath its dignity to commemorate. •• It
was said unto her, ' Enter the palace.' And when she saw it sne
Imagined it to be a great water; and she discovered her legs, by
lifting up her robe to pass through it. Whereupon Solomon said to
her, 'Verily, this Is the place evenly floored with glass.'" — Chap.
Note 91, p. 63. — Here fond ZI:I,F.IKA woo* with open arms. The
wife of Potiphar, thus named by the Orientals. "The passion which
this frail lieauty of uuti
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248 NOTES. Note 92, p. 63. — With a new text to

consecrate their love. The particulars of Mahomet's amour with
Mary, the Coptic girl, in justification of which lie added a new
chapter to the Koran, may be found in Gagnier's Notes upon
Abulfeda, p. 151. Note 93, p. 65. — But in that deep-blue,
melancholy dress. "Deep blue is their mourning color."' — Hanway.
Note 94, p. 05. — Sat in her sorrow like the sweet night-flower. The
sorrowful nyctanthes, which begins to spread its rich odor after
sunset. Note 95, p. 67. — As the viper weaves its wily covering. "
Concerning the vipers, which Pliny says were frequent among the
balsam-trees, I made very particular inquiry: several were brought
me alive both to Yambo and Jidda." — Bruce. Note 96, p. 72. — The
sunny apples of Istkahar. — ' In the territory of Istkahar there is a
kind of apple, half of which is sweet and half sour." — Ebn Haukal.
Note 97, p. 72. — They saio a young Hindoo girl upon the bank. —
For an account of this ceremony, see Grandpre's Voyage in the
Indian Ocean. Note 98, p. 72. — The Olon-tala, or Sea of Stars. — "
The place where the Whangho, a river of Tibet, rises, and where
there are more than a hundred springs, which sparkle like stars;
whence it is called Ilotun-nor, that is, the Sea of Stars." —
Pinkerton's Description of Tibet. Note 99, p. 74. — Hath sprung up
here. " The Lescar or Imperial Camp is divided, like a regular town,
into squares, alleys, and streets, and from a rising ground furnishes
one of the most agreeable prospects in the world. Starting up in a
few hours in an uninhabited plain, it raises the idea of a city built by
enchantment. Even those who leave their houses in cities to follow
the prince in his progress are frequently so charmed by the Lescar,
when situated in a beautiful and convenient place, that they cannot
prevail with themselves to remove. To prevent this inconvenience to
the court, the Emperor, after sufficient time is allowed to the
tradesmen to follow, orders them to be burnt out of their tents." —
Dow's Hindostan. Colonel Wilks gives a lively picture of an Eastern
encampment:
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NOTES. 249 — " His camp, like that of most Indian armies,
exhibited a motley collection of covers from the scorching sun and
dews of the night, variegated according to the taste or means of
each individual, by extensive inclosures of colored calico surrounding
superb suites of tents; by ragged cloths or blankets stretched over
sticks or branches ; palm-leaves hastily spread over similar supports;
handsome tents and splendid canopies; horses, oxen, elephants, and
camels; all intermixed without any exterior mark of order or design,
except the flags of the chiefs, which usually mark the centres of a
congeries of these masses; the only regular part of the encampment
being the streets of shops, each of which is constructed nearly in the
manner of a booth at an English fair." — Historical Sketches of the
South of India. Note 100, p. 74. — Built the high pillar' d halls
O/CUILMINAK. The edifices of Chilminar and Balbec are supposed to
have been built by the Genii, acting under the orders of Jan ben Jan,
who governed the world long before the time of Adam. Note 101, p.
74. — And camels, tufted o'er with Yemen's shells. " A superb camel,
ornamented with strings and tufts of small shells." — All Bey. Note
102, p. 74. — But the far torrent, or the locust bird. A native of
Khorassan, and allured southward by means of the water of a
fountain between Sliira/. and Ispahan, called the Fountain of Birds,
of which it is so fond that it will follow wherever that water is
carried. Note 103, p. 74. — Of laden camels and their drivers' songs.
" Some of the camels have bells about their necks, and some about
their legs, like those which our carriers put about their forehorses'
necks, which, together with the servants (who belong to the camels,
and travel on foot), singing all night, make a pleasant noise, ami the
journey passes away delightfully." — I'itt's Account of tlir
Mahometans. " The camel-driver follows the camels, singing, and
sometimes playing upon his pipe; the louder he sinps and pipes, the
faster the camels go. Nay, they will stand still when he gives over his
music." — Tarernirr. Note 104, p. 7">. — Of the Al>i/nxlnir.
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250 NOTES. Note 105, p. 75. — The Night and Shadow,

over yonder tent. The two black standards borne before the Caliphs
of the House of Abbas were called, allegorically, The Night and the
Shadow. (See Gibbon.) Note 106, p. 75. — Defiance fierce at Islam.
— The Mahometan religion. Note 107, p. 75. — But, having sworn
upon the Holy Grave. " The Persians swear by the tomb of Shah
Besade, who is buried at Casbin ; and when one desires another to
asseverate a matter, he will ask him if he dare swear by the Holy
Grave." — Struy. Note 108, p. 75. — Werespoil'd to feed the Pilgrim's
luxury. Mahadi, in a single pilgrimage to Mecca, expended six
millions of dinars of gold. Note 109, p. 75. — Of MECCA'S sun, with
urns of Persian snow. " Nivem Meccam apportavit, rem ibi aut
nunquain aut raro visam." — Abulfeda. Note 110, p. 75. — First, in
the van, the People of the Rock. The inhabitants of Hejaz or Arabia
Petrsea, called by an Eastern writer " The People of the Rock." (See
Ebn Haukal. ) Note 111, p. 75. — On their light mountain steeds, of
royal stock. " Those horses, called by the Arabians Kochlam, of
whom a •written genealogy has been kept for 2,000 years. They are
said to derive their origin from King Solomon's steeds." — Niebuhr.
Note 112, p. 76. — The flashing of their sicords* rich marquetry. "
Many of the figures on the blades of their swords are wrought in
gold or silver, or in marquetry with small gems." — Asiat. Misc. v. i.
Note 113, p. 76. — With dusky legions from the land of Myrrh. Azab
or Saba. Note 114, p. 76. — Waving their heron crests with martial
grace. " The chiefs of the Uzbek Tartars wear a plume of white
heron's feathers in their turbans." — Account of Independent
Tartary. Note 115, p. 76. — Wild warriors of the turquoise hills. " In
the mountains- of Nishapour and Tons (inKhorassan) they find
turquoises." — Ebn Haukal.
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NOTES. 251 Note 116, p. 76. — Cf HINDOO Kosn, in stormy

freedom bred. For a description of these stupendous ranges of
mountains, see Elphinstone's Caubul. Note 117, p. 76. — Tier
Worshippers of Fire. The Ghebers or Guebres, those original natives
of Persia who adhered to their ancient faith, the religion of Zoroaster,
and who, after the conquest of their country by the Arabs, were
either persecuted at home, or forced to become wanderers abroad.
Note 118, p. 76. — From YEZD'S Eternal Mansion of the Fire. " Yezd,
the chief residence of those ancient natives who worship the Sun
and the Fire, which latter they have carefully kept lighted, without
being once extinguished for a moment, about 3,000 years, on a
mountain near Yezd, called Ater Quedali, signifying the House or
Mansion of the Fire. He is reckoned very unfortunate who dies off
that mountain." — Stephen's Persia. Note 119, p. 76. — That burn
into the CASPIAN, fierce they came. " When the weather is hazy, the
springs of naphtha (on an island near Baku) boil up the higher, and
the naphtha often takes fire on the surface of the earth, and runs in
a flame into the sea to a distance almost incredible." — llanway on
the Ecerlastiny Fire at Baku. Note 120, p. 77. — By which the
prostrate Caravan is rtic'J. Savary says of the south wind, which
blows in Kgypt from February to May, " Sometimes it appears only in
the shape of an impetuous whirlwind, which passes rapidly, and is
fatal to the traveller surprised in the middle of the deserts. Torrents
of burning sand roll before it, the firmament is enveloped in a thick
veil, and the sun appears of the color of blood. Sometimes whole
caravans are buried in it." Note 121, p. 77. — The Champions of the
Faith throiiyh UKDKK'H tale. In the preat victor)' gained by Mahomed
at Heder, he was assisted, say the Mussulmans, by three thousand
angels, led by Gabriel, mounted on his horse Hia/.um. (See The
Koran an
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252 NOTES. Note 123, p. 79. — And light your shrines and
chant your ziraleets. The ziraleet is a kind of chorus, which the
women of the East sing upon joyful occasions. — Russel. Note 124,
p. 79. — Or warm or brighten, — like that Syrian Lake. The Dead
Sea, which contains neither animal nor vegetable life. Note 125, p.
80. — O'er his lost throne — then pass'd the JWOTX'S flood. The
ancient Oxus. Note 126, p. 80. — Eais'd the white banner within
NEKSHEB'S gates. A city of Transoxiana. Note 127, p. 81. — To-day's
young flower is springing in its stead. " You never can cast your eyes
on this tree, but you meet there either blossoms or fruit; and as the
blossoms drop underneath on the ground (which is frequently
covered with these purplecolored flowers), others come forth in their
stead," etc., etc. — Nieuhoff. Note 128, p. 81. — With which the
Dives have gifted him. The Demons of the Persian mythology. Note
129, p. 81. — That spangle INDIA'S fields on showery nights. Carreri
mentions the fire-flies in India during the rainy seasons. (See his
Travels. ) Note 130, p. 82. — Who brush'd the thousands of the
Assyrian King. Sennacherib, called by the Orientals King of Moussal.
— D'Herbelot. Note 131, p. 82. — Of PARVIZ. Chosroes. For the
description of his Throne or Palace, see Gibbon and D'Herbelot.
There were said to be under this Throne or Palace of Khosrou Parviz
a hundred vaults filled with " treasures so immense that some
Mahometan writers tell us, their Prophet, to encourage hw
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NOTES. 253 disciples, carried them to a rock, which, at his

command, opened, and gave them a prospect through it of the
treasures of Khosrou." — Universal History. Note 132, p. 82. — And
the heron crest that shone. "The crown of Gerashid is cloudy and
tarnished before the heron tuft of thy turban." — From one of the
elegies or songs in praise of Ali, written in characters of gold round
the gallery of Abbas's tomb. (See Chardin.) Note 133, p. 82. —
Magnificent, o'er AM'S beauteous eyes. The beauty of Ali's eyes was
so remarkable that whenever the Persians would describe anything
as very lovely, they say it is Ayn Hali, or the Eyes of Ali. — Chardin.
Note 134, p. 83. — Rise from the Holy Well, and cast its li.) Note
138, p. 83. — On for tht> linni>n. that li'i/it yon lofty screen. The
Serrapunla. high screens of rrtl cloth, stiffened with cane, used to
enclose a considerable space round the royal tents. — Xotc* on the
liahardanimh. The tents of I'rinces were generally illuminated.
Norden tells
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254 NOTES. us that the tent of the Bey of Girge was

distinguished from the other tents by forty lanterns being suspended
before it. (See Banner's Observations on Job). Note 139, p. 84. —
Pour to the spot, like bees of KAUZEROON. "From the groves of
orange-trees at Kauzeroon the bees cull a celebrated honey." —
Morier's Travels. Note 140, p. 85. — Of nuptial pomp, she sinks into
his tide. " A custom still subsisting at this day seems to me to prove
that the Egyptians formerly sacrificed a young virgin to the God of
the Nile; for they now make a statue of earth in shape of a girl, to
which they give the name of the Betrothed Bride, and throw it into
the river." — Savary. Note 141, p. 86. — Engines of havoc in,
unknown 'before. That they knew the secret'of the Greek fire among
the Mussulmans early in the eleventh century, appears from Dow's
Account of Mamood I. " When he arrived at Moultan, finding that the
country of the Jits was defended by great rivers, he ordered fifteen
hundred boats to be built, each of which he armed with six iron
spikes, projecting from their prows and sides, to prevent their being
boarded by the enemy, who were very expert in that kind of war.
When he had launched this fleet, he ordered twenty archers into
each boat, and five others with fire-balls, to burn the craft of the
Jits, and naphtha to set the whole river on fire." The agnee aster,
too, in Indian poems the Instrument of Fire, whose flame cannot be
extinguished, is supposed to signify the Greek fire. (See Wilks's
South of India, vol. i. p. 471.) And in the curious Javan Poem, the
Brata Yudha, given by Sir Stamford Raffles in his History of Java, we
find, " He aimed at the heart of Soeta with the sharp-pointed
Weapon of Fire." The mention of gunpowder as in use among the
Arabians, long before its supposed discovery in Europe, is introduced
by Ebn Fad hi, the Egyptian geographer, who lived in the thirteen
century. Bodies, he says, " in the form of scorpions, bound round
and filled with nitrous powder, glide along, making a gentle noise;
then, exploding, they lighten, as it were, and burn. But there are
others which, cast into the air, stretch along like a cloud, roaring
horribly, as thunder roars, and on all sides vomiting out flames,
burst, burn, and reduce to cinders whatever comes in their way."
The historian Ben Abdalla, in speaking of the sieges of Abulualid
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NOTES. 055 In the year of the Hegira 712, says, " A fiery
globe, by means of combustible matter, with a mighty noise
suddenly emitted, strikes with the force of lightning, and shakes the
citadel." (See the extracts from Casiri's Biblioth. Arab. Ilispan. in the
Appendix to Berington's Literary History of the Middle Ayt'*.) Note
142, p. 86. — And horrible as new ; — javelins that fly. The Greek
fire, that was occasionally lent by the emperors to their allies. " It
was," says Gibbon, "either launched in red-hot balls of stone and
iron, or darted in arrows or javelins, t'.visted round with flax and
tow, which had deeply imbibed the inflammable oil." Note 143, p.
86. — Discharge, as from a kindled Naphtha fount. See Hanway's
Account of the Sprint/ 8 of Naphtha at liitku (which is called by
Lieutenant Pottinger " Joala Mokee," or the Flaming Mouth) taking
fire and running into the st>a. Dr. Cooke, in his Journal, mentions
some wells in Circassia, strongly impregnated with this inflammable
oil, from which issues boiling water. "Though the weather," he adds,
" was now very cold, the warmth of these wells of hot water
produced near them the verdure and flowers of spring." Major Scott
Waring says, that naphtha is used by the Persians, as we are told it
was in hell, for lamps. " many a row Of starry lamps and blazing
cressets, fed With naphtha and asphaltus, yielding light As from a
sky." Note 144, p. 86. — Like those icild birds (hat by (he Mayiar*
oft. " At the grrat festival of (ire. c:illi>d the Shel> Sex.e, they used
to set fire to large bunches of dry combustibles, fastened round wiid
beasts and birds, which being then let loose, the air and earih
appeared one great illumination; and as these terrified creatures
naturally lied to the woods for shelter, it is easy to conceive the
conflagrations they produced." — Itichardnon'a Dlmtertution, Note
143, p 88. — Keep, aral'd irith prrciona iimxk, for thvae they lore. "
The righteous shall be given to drink of pure wine, sealed; the seal
whereof shall be musk." — Kurau, chap. Ixxxiii.
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256 NOTES. Note 146, p. 90. — Chi Us own brood; — no

Demon of the Waste. " The Afghauns believe each of the numerous
solitudes and deserts of their country to be inhabited by a lonely
demon, whom they call the Ghoolee Beeabau, or Spirit of the Waste.
They often illustrate the wildness of any sequestered tribe, by
saying, They are wild as the Demon of the Waste." — El^hinstone's
Caubul. Note 147, p. 91. — With burning drugs, for this last hour
disUlVd. " II donna dn poison dans le vin a tous ses gens, et se jeta
luimeme ensuite dans une cuve pleine de drogues briilantes et
consumantes, afin qu'il ne restat rien de tous les meinbres de son
corps, et que ceux qui restoient de sa secte pussent croire qu'il etoit
monte au ciel, ce qui ne manqua pas d'arriver." — D'Herbelot. Note
148, p. 92. —In the lone Cities of the Silent dwell. "They have all a
great reverence for burial-grounds, which they sometimes call by the
poetical name of Cities of the Silent, and which they people with the
ghosts of the departed, who sit each at the head of his own grave,
invisible to mortal eyes." — Elphinstone. Note 149, p. 97. — And to
eat any mangoes but those of Mazagong was, of course, impossible.
— " The celebrity of Alazagong is owing to its mangoes, which are
certainly the best fruit I ever tasted. The parent tree, from which all
those of this species have been grafted, is honored during the fruit-
season by a guard of sepoys; and, in the reign of Shah Jehan,
couriers were stationed between Delhi and the Mahratta coast to
secure an abundant and fresh supply of mangoes for the royal
table." — Mrs. Graham's Journal of a Residence in India. Note 150,
p. 97. — Laden with his fine antique porcelain. — This old porcelain
is found in digging, and "if it is esteemed, it is not because it has
acquired any new degree of beauty in the earth, but because it has
retained its ancient beauty; and this alone is of great importance in
China, where they give large sums for the smallest vessels which
were used tinder the Emperors Yan and Chun, who reigned many
ages before the dynasty of Tang, at which time porcelain began to
be used by the Emperors " (about the year 442). — Dunn's
Collection of curious Observations, etc.; — a bad translation of some
parts of the Lettt es $d\fiantes et curieuses of the Missionary Jesuits.
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NOTES. 257 Note 151, p. 98. — And if Nasser, the Arabian

merchant, told no better. — " La lecture de ces Fables plaisoit si fort
aux Arabcs, que, quand Mahomet les entretenoit de 1'IIistoire de
1'Ancien Testament, ils la meprisoient, lui disant que celles que
Nasser leur racontoit etoient beaucoup plus belles. Cette preference
attira a Nasser la malediction de Mahomet et de tous ses disciples."
— D'Herbelot. Note 152, p. 99. — Like the blacksmith's apron
converted into a banner. — The blacksmith Gao, who successfully
resisted the tyrant Zohak and whose apron became the Koyal
Standard of Persia. Note 153, p. 100. — That xnblime bird, which
flies always in the air, and never touches the earth. — " The Huma, a
bird peculiar to the East. It is supposed to fly constantly in the air,
and never touch the ground: it is looked upon as a bird of happy
omen; and that every head it overshades will in time wear a crown."
— liichardxon. In the terms of alliance made by Fuzzel Oola Khan
with Hyder in 17(50, one of the stipulations was, " that he should
have the distinction of two honorary attendants standing behind
him, holding fans composed of the feathers of the Humma,
according to the practice of his family." — Wilk^s Smith of India. He
adds in a note: — " The Humma is a fabulous bird. The head over
which its shadow once passes will assuredly be circled with a crown.
The splendid little bird suspended over the throne of Tippoo Sultaun,
found at Seringapatam in 171*9, was intended to represent this
poetical fancy." Note 154, p. 101. — Like those on the Written
Mnitntiiin, lastforerer. — " To the pilgrims to Mount Sinai we inns'
attribute the inscriptions, figures, etc.. on those rocks, whirh have
from thence acquired the name of the Written Mountain." — Volm-y.
M. (Jebelin and others have been at much pains to attach some
mysterious and important meaning to these inscriptions; but Niebiilir,
as well as Volney. thinks that they must have been executed at idle
hours by thi1 travellers to Mount Sinai, " who were satisfied with
cutting the iin|H>l:shcd rock with any pointed instrument: adding to
thHr names and the date of their journeys some rude figures, which
liespeak the hand of a people but little skilled in the arts." — \itbuhr.
Note 155, p. 101. — Like the Old M
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258 NOTES. Note 156, p. 101. — To which Hafez compares

his mistress's hair. — See Nott's Hafez, Ode v. Note 157, p. 101. —
To the Camalata, by whose rosy blossoms the heaven of Indra is
scented. — " The Camalata (called by Linnaeus, Iponuea) is the
most beautiful of its order, both in the color and form of its leaves
and flowers; its elegant blossoms are 'celestial rosy red, Love's
proper hue,' and have justly procured it the name of Camalata, or
Love's Creeper." — Sir W. Jones. " Camalata may also mean a
mythological plant by which all desires are granted to such as inhabit
the heaven of Indra; and if ever flower was worthy of Paradise, it is
our charming Ipomsea." — Sir W. Jones. Note 158, p. 101. — That
flower-loving nymph whom they worship in the temples of Kathay. —
" According to Father Premare, in his tract on Chinese Mythology, the
mother of Fo-hi was the daughter of heaven, surnamed Flower-
loving; and as the nymph was walking alone on the bank of a river,
she found herself encircled by a rainbow, after which she became
pregnant, and, at the end of twelve years, was delivered of a son
radiant as herself." — Asiatic Researches. Note 159, p. 103. — With
its plane-tree Isle reflected clear. " Numerous small islands emerge
from the Lake of Cashmere. One is called Char Chenaur, from the
plane-trees upon it." — Foster. Note ICO, p. 103. — And the golden
floods that thitherward stray. " The Altan Kol or Golden River of
Tibet, which runs into the Lakes of Sing-su-hay, has abundance of
gold in its sands, which employs the inhabitants all the summer
ingathering it." — Pinkerton1 s Description of Tibet. Note 161, p.
104. — Blooms nowhere but in Paradise. "The Brahmins of this
.province insist that the blue campac flowers only in Paradise." — Sir
W. Jones. It anpoars, however, from a curious letter of the Sultan of
Menangcabow, given by Marsden, that one place on earth may lay
claim to the possession of it. " This is the Sultan, who keeps the
flower champaka that is blue, and to be found in no other country
but his, being yellow elsewhere." — Marsden' s Sumatra. Note 162,
p. 104. — Flung at night from angel hands. " The Mahometans
suppose that falling stars are the firebrands