Act - Ill Scene -1 l, 8. 15. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (a) 2@ 3.) 4. (0 5. (0) 6. 7.0 (a) 9. (a) 10. (a) 1. @ 2@ 23.6) 14(@ () 16. (a) 17. () 18. (2) 19. (a) 0. &) CONTEXT QUESTIONS QUESTION: ay Caesar gives no answer but in his place Cassius asks them not to urge their petitions in the street but come to the senate house. Caesar gets angry with Artemidorus because he insists that his letter should be read first because it concerns him. . Popilus wishes Cassius success in his enterprise. Cassius gets tensed up because of his guilty consciousness. He fears if Popilus knows about his plot. He instructs Casca to be quick in striking their blows to murder Caesar. . Cassius feels disturbed when Popilus wishes him success in his enterprise. He fears lest their plans may be discovered. But Brutus calms him down. He tells Cassius that Popilus is not speaking to Caesar about them or their plan. . Trebonius draws Mark Antony out of the way of Caesar. He does so to help the conspirators in their plan to murder Caesar. Metellus Cimber’s suit to Caesar is that his banished brother should be called back. . The following things show Caesar's high handedness. 1. Metellus Cimber kneels before him but Caesar calls it his humility to melt his heart. 2. Caesar asks him not to behave foolishly. 3. He says that sweet words, servile low stooping, (he calls it dog like flattery) cannot melt his heart. Nothing can persuade him to change the sentence. ‘Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar : WB - 9 & 10 QUESTION-2 1 Metellus Cimber is in the capacity of a petitioner. He is pleading for his brother. He is pleading for repealing the banishment of his brother Publius Cimber. No he is not sincere about his request. He knows that Caesar will not change the decision taken by the court. . Because Caesar knows that these stoopings, bows and salutations have no effect on him. He is firm in his decision. These things melt foolish people — servile low stooping, sweet words, dog like flattery and fawning submissiveness. Caesar is not like these fools because he does no wrong and he cannot be persuaded to change his sentence. . Caesar tells Metellus that his brother was banished according to the rule of the state. He, as an individual cannot change the law of the land. Caesar threatens him that if he goes on kneeling, he will kick him out of his way. . “For the repealing of my banish’d brother.” . Brutus responds to the request of Metallus. He requests Caesar that Publius Cimber may immediately have freedom. He should be allowed to come back.1. Brutus reminds Cassius of idea of March when Caesar was killed March, the ides of March. 2. The words in the blanks signify the Ides of March. This was the day when Caesar was killed by them to uphold justice, liberty and democracy. Now that they had power, they were resorting to corrupt practices. 3. Brutus reminds Cassius that the senators who killed Caesar were not murderers. They killed Caesar in the name of justice. They killed him because he allowed the robbers to go unpunished. What he means to say is that they should not repeat those things for which they sacrificed Caesar. 4, Brutus was wrong because they killed Caesar not because he was unjust, but because he was going to be a despot Brutus was not fair to Cassius. He was angry with Cassius because the latter had not given him money when he needed it. 5, Brutus’ behaviour has changed. He appears to be tense and agitated. There is inner turmoil in him. Perhaps he is so much disturbed due to the death of Portia, his dear wife. QUESTION-3 1. The lines are spoken scornfully. Brutus means that Cassius will have to swallow the poison of his anger and bad temper even if it kills him. 2. Brutus tells Cassius tauntingly that if he shows this kind of anger and ill temper he will laugh at him. The words pinch Cassius so much that he says “Is it come to this ?” 3. Cassius considers himself better because he has more experience of the world. He was not justified in his assessment because he was not more experienced than Brutus. 4, Brutus had called Cassius a madman. Secondly, he said to Cassius that he should frighten his slaves by showing how choleric he is. Brutus will not be frightened. He was not justified in doing this. 5. The misunderstanding was that when Brutus sent a message that he needed money to pay the troops, Cassius refused. Cassius justified himself saying that he did not refuse to give him money but the man who brought this message must be a fool. Cassius softens towards Brutus when he comes to know that Portia has died. QUESTION-4 1. Cassius says that a friend should bear with the weaknesses of a friend but Brutus does not budge from his hard stand. This frustrates him. Complaints of Cassius were that Brutus had wronged him many times. He had also disregarded Cassius’ letter written in support of Lucius Pella. ‘Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 351. Brutus has requested Caesar to immediately repeal the banishment of Publius Cimber. It has shocked Caesar because it is an unjust demand made by an honest leader like Brutus. 2. After Brutus, Cassius also makes the same request to Caesar. His words “Even at your feet does Cassius fall,” are very much unlike Cassius. The words show that Cassius is behaving like a perfect actor. 3. Caesar says that if he could be easily persuaded like him (Cassius), he would have been moved by prayers. But he is unlike him. Between Brutus and Cassius, Caesar likes Brutus better. 4, He compares himself to the Pole star. The pole star has no equal in the sky. It has constancy, it holds its position unchangingly. Caesar compares himself to the pole star because like this star he is constant, firm and unchangeable in his position. 5. Caesar's purpose is to emphasize his firmness, determination and constancy. He is unique like the pole star. QUESTION-4 1, Casca is one of the conspirators devoted to Cassius. He has been given the duty to stab Caesar in the back. This duty is assigned by Cassius. 2. He stabs Caesar from behind in the neck. It is a cowardly act because a brave person always attacks his enemy from the front. 3. Brutus strikes Caesar last of all. He is the best, most loved and trusted friend of ‘Caesar. When he does this Caesar cries, “Et tu, Brute ! Then fall, Caesar” The last words signify that when the most trusted and dependable friend wants to kill Caesar, he must die. Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB -9 & 10, 2B 4, Caesar falls at the foot of his great enemy Pompey’s statue. The irony lies in the fact that Caesar lies dead at the foot of his enemy’s statue, whom he had defeated and killed. Cacsar’s murder is a turning point in the story. Instigated by Antony the people of Rome rise in revolt, chase the conspirators and burn down their houses. 5. They go to the public platform in the marketplace and proclaim from there that they have gained liberty from the tyrannical rule of Caesar. Brutus tries to assure the people not to run away due to fear. He says Caesar has paid the price for his high ambition. He has been sacrificed at the altar of liberty. It tells us that Brutus was not a malicious person but a noble misguided person, 1. They have said that they are Caesar's friends because they have shortened his period of fearing death, No, it is not to be taken seriously because they are only trying to console their guilt consciousness. Brutus feels that by washing their hands in Caesar's blood they achieved freedom from tyranny. There will be peace and liberty. It was an act of sacrifice and not murder in his eyes. It seems to be fulfilment of Calpurnia’s dream because she had seen healthy Romans, smiling and washing their hands in blood pouring from Caesar's statue. 3. “Then walk we forth, even to the market-place. 4. Cassius says that it is a grand scene which will be acted on the stage over and over again in numerous countries. Brutus too testifies what Cassius has said. The scene of Caesar's murder will be seen by coming generations on the stage. 5. Cassius says that they will be called liberators of Rome the men who gave their country liberty. Members of this group make a serious mistake. They did not anticipate that the mob acts on emotions and not reason. 21. Brutus spoke these words, Decius, Brutus and Cassius were present there. 2. Another word for ‘soft’ is ‘stop’. A friend of Antony has come here. He has come here on behalf of Antony. 3. The four adjectives used are — noble, wise, valiant and honest. These adjectives are not justified because the speaker is neither noble, nor wise, nor valiant and nor even honest. 4. Through his servant Antony makes two requests. He should be allowed to come and ‘meet him safely. No harm will be done. He should be satisfied as to why Caesar was, killed. This person is very respectful to the speaker. 5. The speaker i.e, Brutus assures the servant that Antony will not be harmed. Yes, it is the turning point in the play because it brings in Antony who is to take revenge for Caesar. He says that he will fetch Antony there. 2” ‘Teachers Handbook Julius Caesar: WB -9 & 19, 1. Antony wishes that if he is to be killed this is the proper time for his death, His dead body should lie beside the body of Caesar. He makes such a wish because he finds, this place besides his friend Caesar to be fit for his death. 2. In reply to Antony's wish to be killed by them Brutus says his wish can’t be granted. They appear to be butchers but they are not murderers. They are pitiful. They have killed Caesar for the good of Rome. 3, Brutus assures him that they have no ill-will against him. They are ready to receive him. Antony assures them that he does not doubt their wiscom, He is ready to shake hand with each one of them. His interior motive is to take revenge for the murder of Caesar. Antony is not a coward, he is very shrewd. 4, Antony compares Caesar to a deer and the conspirators to princes who have hunted him down, He wins their confidence by assuring them that he is with them and loves them all Antony requests that he should be allowed to address the Romans when the dead body of Caesar is brought out. Cassius objects to this request. Yes, Cassius was sound in his judgement. He knew that Antony would sway the audience against them, His apprehension turned out to be true. 1. He calls Caesar ‘bleeding piece of earth’ because Caesar's bleeding corpse (his remains) is lying on the earth. He calls the conspirators, butchers who murdered Caesar in a cowardly manner. 2. Antony had been meek and gentle with these butchers when he shook hands with them. His shaking hands with conspirators shows that he is a man of practical wisdom. 3. Antony makes this prophesy. A curse will fall upon the people of Rome. There will be a civil war among, the people. Bloodshed and destruction will be there. Caesars spirit will roam about to take revenge Yes his prophesy comes true. In the strife that follows the conspirators are killed one by one. 4. A servant of Octavius Caesar comes after Antony's soliloquy. He brings the news that his master Octavius Caesar is coming to Rome. 5. Antony tells that person to go back and convey to Octavius that Caesar has been killed and that Rome is not a safe place for him to come. Antony asks him to stay for 1 while til the body of Caesar is carried to the market place. Moreover, he should tell Octavius about state of affairs in Rome. Act -Il Scene - 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1.) 20 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (0) 8 (a) 9. (b) 0) 1a 2@ BY wi 15. (@) 16. (b) 7@ BH B@ WO we 2) B.(a) wa 3. @ 26d) ‘Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar : WB - 9 & 10 3ETE 1, They wish tobe satisfied as to why their beloved leader has been assassinated. They are in a restless and dangerous mood. The audience here means “hearing 2, Brutus tells Cassius to go to the other street and divide the crowds, He tells the crovid that those who wish to listen to him, they should stay there. thors who want to hear Cassius should follow him. 3. They decide between them. The est cizen will hear Brutus and the second citizen will hear Cassis, Then they will eompare the reagons given to them. 4. Brutus” purpose will be to justify the murder of Cacsar. He will ll te listeners that ‘Caesar was murdered to save the country from his despotic rule. If he hae live, the people would have been treated as slaves. 5, Acconing to Brutus, Caesar was highly ambitious. He was so ambitious that he wanted to bea despot. The common people were jus ike slaves before him. 1 The scene tes place nthe forum amit a throng of people. Brus adresing the commana of Rome 2. uty addresting te tans, says that they should judge for themes with ll thar windom, He says thet Tater them. No he ot conect i Re seamen tecture a thong cam think anc at tonal. A crowd cannot eo better age 2. Me eels that he har offended none in ssp becuse no one want to Be tondman (ae) when he asks whos he has offended al cizeo aay inom ve tht eh fended rane 4. ato jstifes ie std saying that no Roman seats tobe a lve. So he as tlfendel none. As for Coca, is deth wil be recorded in theofficial record, His glorious sclevement, will not be minimis an his offences wil ot Be ‘ragga for which he wat hls His geste eflonce way, he’ wae ery Sbllou, Alter his ape Antony and other ome 5. Brutus intatces Antony tothe crowd, He say tat Antony had no hand in the ‘eat of Caesar and he wll be geen doe place Inthe commons Hes confident teenuse he has heen iar not to ame them in hs apsch. He should only spe npraarct Carer 1. Lam a student of class X. Ihave taken up medical subjects. want to become a doctor and serve in some government hospital. Most ofthe poor wha ean afford to pay Big fee come to these hospitals. shall devote all my time to serve the patients with all ry ability 2, Antony cites two instances. Caesar brought many prisoners of war back to Rome ‘The money paid for their liberation went into the public treasury. It shows he was rot ambitious. Secondly, he was offered the crown thrice yet he die not acept it By “eh Hands a Cae: W910 {3 The word is “honourabe’ for Brutus and others Its ironical. By repeating this word hee plays upon the emotions of the mob, Indirectly he instigates the people against Brats 4. Antony says this to convey that he is so.-much overwhelmed with emotions that ihe can't continue speaking, In doing so his interior motive ts to watch if his words Ihave the desired effect on them or ot. He wants to make sure that they are ready to revolt 5. The mobs almost ready to find out the conspirators and destroy them. They discuss that there is much reason in what Antony says. They fee! that much wrong, has been ‘done to Caesar. Secondly, they feel Hhat Caesar was nak ambit, 6, Antony is a good orator. He appeals to the heart of the common people. He also ‘watches. the effet his words produce. The speech show's that he is very shrewd. He hs proctical wiedom, 1. Instead of doing wrong to honourable Brutus and Cassius, Antony would prefer to wrong himselt, Cresarand the ordinary citizens of Rome 2. Antony found Caesars will in his closet They would kiss dead Caesar's wounds, dip their napkins in his blood, beg a hair of Caesar for his memory, and atthe tine of ‘death, eave it or ther children as legacy 3. Antony says that it isnot proper that he should read the wil Te will ifame them Ieeause they are nether wood, nor stone but human beings. Mercover, i will make them mad and incense them very much. He incites the mob by delaying the reading ofthe will 4. Hc asks the mob to make a ring about the dead body of Caesar, He wants to show them the wounds made by the conspirators with thelr weapons 5. The words are highly ironical. Antony says that he does not want to arouse them toa sudden rebellion, But thief exactly what he wants to do and he fs doing, 6. Yes, Antony’ really wants to ste the minds of the common people of Rome to mutiny and rage to such an extent that they should rush to kill the conspirators1. The cut made by Brutus in the body of Caesar with his sword was the unkindest cut. Before Brutus, Cassius and Casca had already stabbed Caesar. They had stabbed Caesar in his heart, in the senate hall. 2. It was called so because Brutus was Caesar's best friend, his angel. Caesar's blood flowed out of his body to ensure if it was really Brutus who had stabbed Caesar. It shows that Brutus was the best and most trusted friend of Caesar and was not expected to kill him. 3. Caesar fell at the foot of Pompey’s statue. The ironical part lies in this that Pompey was defeated and killed by Caesar and now he / (Caesar) was lying dead at the feet of his statue. Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB -9 & 10 4. Antony has said that the dress of Caesar was the same which he had worn in his tent ona summer evening after defeating Nervii. The special thing about it was that this dress Caesar wore after his greatest military victory. It is significant because the day of victory was celebrated with a great procession. 5. The mob was moved to tears. Many started weeping. Antony achieved sympathy of the mob and his purpose of rousing the people to rebellion, He was fully successful. 1. Antony says that he is not an orator like Brutus. He is a plain, blunt man, simple and outright. He says so to identify himself with the common people of Rome. No, he does not mean it. In fact, he wants the opposite of what he says. The words are highly ironical. 2. He shows them the will of Caesar to still instigate them to mutiny. It contains the fact that Caesar has left for every citizen of Rome seventy five drachmas. 3. The mob decides to rise in revolt and burn down the houses of the conspirators. People are ready to kill them. 4, A servant of Octavius Caesar comes there. He brings the information that Octavius has come to Rome. 5. According to Antony himself, he is not an orator. He is a plain, blunt man. If Antony and Brutus had changed places, the people of Rome would not have risen in revolt. The story would have been different.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1@ 2@ 30 40 50 6@ 7@ 8. (a) 9% 10. (0) CONTEXT QUESTIONS QUESTION. 1. Cinna is a poet. He is wandering aimlessly on the street. 2. The mob becomes furious when he tells that his name is Cinna. This shows that mob has neither brain nor sentiments. Mob works on impulse. 3. He was asked - what his name was, where he was going, where he lived and if he was married or single. 4. He tells the mob that he is going to Caesar's funeral, he is going as a friend, and he is a poet. The mob gets enraged because his name is Cinna which is the name of one of the conspirators. They kill him for his bad name. 5. They go to the houses of Brutus, Cassius, Decius Brutus, Casca and Ligarius to burn them down. This scene is very significant as it throws light on mob mentality. Mob has no brain, no reason, no sentiment. It only acts on impulse. ‘Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB -9 & 10 QUESTION-2 1. Cinna has tried to clarify that he is Cinna the poet and not Cinna the conspirator. 2. It is enough for the conspirators because they are full of hatred for the conspirators. They are so enraged that they can’t tolerate that any man with the name of the conspirators should live. 3. It is not at all logical. The mob is working with extreme malice. If his name is plucked out of his heart i. his heart is plucked out of the body, he will die. 4, Yes, the lines are an example of terrible comedy. The murder of Cinna, the poet is too deep for tears but it also evokes a sense of comedy at the foolishness of the mob. 5. The Roman mob is very much like mobs in other countries. The mob has no reason, no sentiments, no thinking. The mob everywhere works on impulse senselessly.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS L@ 2@ 3@ 40 5@ 6@ 72 8@ 9) 1M 1H 2H B@ Wwe B@ 16 ® 70 B@ BG Dh 2w 2H B@ 2. CONTEXT QUESTIONS 1. The scene takes place in a house in Rome, Two new characters introduced are Octavius and Lepidus. This scene is different from the earlier scene contrasted with the earlier scene, this scene shows clever manipulation of the situation and future plans of Antony and his companions, 2. He means that the names of those who are to be put to death have been marked out, This is being done to get rid of the supporters of the conspirators. 3. It is decided that Lepidus’ brother will die. Upon this he lays down the condition that Antony’s nephew should also die. Yes, Antony agrees to this. He condemns him with the stroke of his pen. Teachers Handbook Jas Casa: WB-9 8 10 a 4, Antony instructs Lepidus to go to Caesar's house and bring his will, He intends to settle how they can reduce some of the expenditure in legacies, 5. It reveals that Antony isa very clever manipulator and he will control the situation very well QUESTION-2 1. He is referring to Lepidus. He is speaking with Octavius, 2. Antony calls him a feeble man of no merit because hve has a very poor opinion of Lepidus. Antony feels that he (Lepidus) is fit only to be used for errands. 3. /Threefold world’ refers tothe division of Roman empire in Europe, Africa and Asia. 4, Octavius refutes what Antony has said. Tauntingly he says if Lepicus is a feeble man ‘of no merit, then his taking Antony’s vote as to who should be marked off to die i not justified 5. Black sentence means capital punishment and proscription means list of laws for those people who are condemned by the state to die and their properties are to be confiscated by the government. QUESTION.3 1L Antony is the elder of the two speakers. Octavius asks Antony to do as he likes, ‘because he admits Antony's seniority though he disagrees with him, 2, Octavius say’s that Lepidus is not just a donkey fit to carry loads, but he is a brave soldier. He acids that Antony must not forget this quality of Lepidus 3. Antony gives his horse a plentiful supply of food. He has trained him to fight, o stop. and gallop. The movements of his horse are controlled by his wishes. Antony says that Lepidus is like his horse. He must be guided, trained and instructed. In short he 4. Antony say’ that Lepidus blindly imitates the manners of others. He is very happy to adopt what others have left after much use. 5. They are busy raising armies. Antony plans to gather resources and form a firm alliance to unite together and make the best use of their means. This is necessary to fight the enemy. QUESTION-4 1. ‘Great - things’ here means great news, the latest information, He says great things ‘because this news is much more important than wasting time in discussing Lepidus. 2, He tells Octavious that Brutus and Cassius are raising armies and so they must also ‘gather their resources and get ready for the war. 3. He says that they should consult how hidden dangers may be exposed and obvious dangers may be easily encountered. 4, Octavius replies that they are like the bear tied to the stake and they are fighting, against their enemies who are like a ring of dogs. He adds that some outwardly wallieeceenen ieee l-will cals tees,5. We feel that Octavious is brave, sincere and respectful to Antony. He has to follow Antony if he wants to take revenge for the murder of Caesar. QUESTION-5 1. Octavius feels that they are like the bear tied to the stake and fighting against a ring of dogs. Tt-means that they are surrounded by enemies in the same way as in the popular sport the bear is tied and dogs are left to attack it. 2. He fears that those, who outwardly claim that they are friends, but actually are hidden enemies, are more dangerous. They are smiling villains. 3. Antony and Octavius are very wise in handling the situation. They anticipate wisely the plans of their enemies and act accordingly. No wonder they succeed in defeating the enemy. Whereas Antony is more practical and ruthless. Octavious is wiser and more rational. 4. Brutus is noble and patriotic. He assumes leadership though he is not fit for the role of a politician. He lacks foresight and is not a good judge of persons. But in sharp contrast, the new triumvirs — Antony, Octavius and Lepidus — are ambitious. Antony leading the group is practical, cold blooded and ruthless. He is also hypocrite at times. Brutus was clear that only Caesar should be killed, but Antony is ready to kill even his own nephew. 5. Antony is ruthless as he does not mind putting his own nephew to death. He is hypocritical also. He wants to use Lepidus for his benefit and then discard him when he is of no use. Earlier in Act III he was pretending to be a lover of the masses, but now he is preparing a list of those who are to be put to death. He is ambitious, cold blooded, hypocrite. Act -IV Scene -2 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. (9) 2@ 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (0 6 (0 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (b) 1, Cassius is being spoken about. The scene is set in Brutus’ camp near Sardis. He is speaking about Cassius. 2. Brutus, who is the listener, assesses that Cassius who used to be become cold. 3. Hollow i.c,, insincere men are compared to horses which appear high spirited in the beginning but when they are put to test their heads fall, they fail. 4, Army of Antony and Octavius approaches. They want to defeat and kill Brutus and Cassius. CONTEXT QUESTIONS is best friend has ‘Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 35. Brutus and Cassius are good friends. Brutus is an idealist. He is leading and Cassius, though more practical is siding with him. On the other hand, Antonio is leading and Octavius is with him. Both of them are more rational and practical. QUESTION-2 1. Cassius is referring to seriousness and idealism of Brutus. His seriousness, according to Cassius hides the injustice which he does to others. 2. Brutus is conscious of the presence of other persons (their companions). He feels that it is not wise to discuss their problems and grievances in the presence of others. That is why he asks Cassius to speak quietly and not get excited. 3. Cassius at once understands what Brutus wants. So he instructs Pindarus to move away a little farther from that place. 4. Lucilius and Titanius guard the door. 5. This scene shows that the relationship of Brutus and Cassius is falling apart. Cassius is angry. He feels that Brutus has done him wrong. But Brutus being an idealist is unaware of any such wrong done by him. Act -IV Scene -3 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1 @ 2. (a) 3. @ 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. @) © CONTEXT QUESTIONS QUESTION. 34 1. They are in a camp near Sardis. Brutus told Cassius that should not have written in support of Lucius Pella who is a corrupt man. 2. Cassius feels that in such a time as this when their enemies are collecting armies and are ready to attack they should not keep arguing on such a small matter as writing a letter in favour of one person. 3. Brutus accused Cassius of having an ‘itching palm’. Cassius reacts very angrily to this accusation. He says that if anyone else had said this he would have killed him. 4, This means that times are hard. Their enemies are collecting forces and can attack anytime. At such a time it is not proper that they should take every little fault into account so seriously. 5. Yes, he was justified. Cassius had been selling offices for money. Moreover, when Brutus sent a message to Cassius asking for money which he needed to pay the troops, he refused to give. ‘Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar : WB - 9 & 10. He means to say that his heart is dearer than the wealth of god Pluto. He means to say that as there is gold enough in Pluto's mine, he has love for Brutus in his heart. . Cassius says that he had not denied giving money to Brutus. The man who brought this message must be mad. He offered his breast to Brutus and said that the man who denied him money has opened his heart to him, Brutus can take out his heart, his dearest possession. . Brutus pacifies Cassius telling him that he is the partner of a man whose heart is very soft. He admits that he had taunted him in a bad mood. Thus he ends the quarrel. We would have ended the quarrel by feeling sorry for the fit of bad temper. . A poet enters the scene. He puts them to shame for quarreling among themselves in this way. Brutus angrily asks him to get out. QUESTION-5 oi Brutus speaks to Cassius in the first line. He does not want to speak about the death of Portia. Brutus is upset because he has received letters informing that Antony and Octavius have gathered great power. . He is trying to wave off Portia’s thought. He is an idealist and he is trying to use this philosophy (we must alll die one day) in this context. . He is a soldier in the army of Cassius. He gives the information that he too has got letters and by an edict and an order of doom Antony, Lepidus and Octavius have put to death hundred members of the senate. . Brutus suggests that they should march immediately towards Philippi. Cassius does not agree to this. He says that the enemy would exhaust energy in seeking them, while they will remain full of strength. So they should not march. . Cassius gives good suggestion. But Brutus turns down Cassius’ suggestion although it is more practical. He insists on having his own way and gives arguments which are impractical. No wonder they lose the battle. QUESTION-6 36 1s Brutus explains to Cassius that people between Philippi and Sardis have no goodwill towards them. If they allow the enemy forces to march to them, the people might join the enemy. So they should, without giving time to enemy, launch the attack. . Just like the tide in the sea, there is tide in the life of men. If the ship misses the tide it is bound to be stuck up. Similarly if human beings miss the opportunity, the voyage of life becomes sorrowful. They lose the battle of life. . Brutus says that journey of life is comparable to journey of ship. If a ship takes advantage of the tide it sails smoothly. Similarly if human beings take advantage of opportunities of life they succeed, otherwise they fail. . No, Brutus was not justified in taking advantage of the tide, His decision to march towards Philippi was wrong that is why his forces faced defeat. He should have acted upon the suggestion of Cassius which was more practical. “Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar : WB - 9 & 105. Brutus proposes that night has fallen and they should go to sleep so that they can get up early and leave for Philippi with fresh energy. QUESTION-7 1. The scene is set in a camp at Sardis. It is the time of midnight and all have gone to sleep. A candle is burning and Brutus sees Caesar’s ghost. It turns his blood cold. 2. The apparition tells Brutus that it is Brutus’ evil spirit. It will meet him again at Philippi. Brutus is alarmed to see the ghost. Had I been in Brutus’ place, I too would have been dumb with fear. 3. The appearance of the ghost adds to tension and excitement. The words of the ghost are a warning of the coming catastrophe. They point out to the doom of Brutus and Cassius. 4, Shakespeare knew that the Elizabethans were interested in the supernatural things. So he brought in the ghost. We feel that it was only a figment of Brutus’ imagination. After the murder of Caesar, Brutus must have been thinking all the time of Caesar. No wonder his thoughts acquired the form of a spirit and appeared before him. No other person saw anything. 5. The apparition appears before Brutus in the Phili battle. Brutus tells about this to Voluminus. pi fields a night before the final