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The Project Gutenberg eBook of The American
Missionary — Volume 32, No. 02, February,
1878
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Title: The American Missionary — Volume 32, No. 02, February,

1878

Author: Various

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN

MISSIONARY — VOLUME 32, NO. 02, FEBRUARY, 1878 ***
Vol. XXXII. No. 2.

THE
AMERICAN MISSIONARY.

“To the Poor the Gospel is Preached.”

FEBRUARY, 1878.

CONTENTS:

EDITORIAL.

Paragraphs 33
Gifts from the Field 34
African Evangelization 35
Life of Edward Norris Kirk, D.D. 36
News from the Churches 37
Central South Conference—Is the Negro Dying Out? 38
African Emigration 39
Indian Notes 41
Chinese Notes 43

NEW APPOINTMENTS.

The Southern Field 44

Among the Chinese—Among the Indians—Mendi Mission,
West Africa 48

AFRICA.

Our New Missionaries 48

Kaw Mendi, Sherbro, W. Africa. Rev. J. M. Williams 49

COMMUNICATIONS.

Poetry. “Christ in the Person of the Poor.”—Replacing

the Burned Buildings 50
Campaign in Massachusetts. Dist. Sec’y Powell, of
Chicago 51
American Missionary Association. From the Fisk
Expositor 53

THE CHILDREN’S PAGE 54

RECEIPTS 55
CONSTITUTION 59
WORK, STATISTICS, WANTS, &c. 60

NEW YORK:
Published by the American Missionary Association,
Rooms, 56 Reade Street.

Price, 50 Cents a Year, in advance.

A. Anderson, Printer, 28 Frankfort St.

 American Missionary Association,
56 READE STREET, N. Y.

PRESIDENT.

Hon. E. S. TOBEY, Boston.

VICE PRESIDENTS.

Hon. F. D. Parish, Ohio. Rev. G. F. Magoun, D. D., Iowa.

Rev. Jonathan Blanchard, Ill. Col. C. G. Hammond, Ill.
Hon. E. D. Holton, Wis. Edward Spaulding, M. D., N. H.
Hon. William Claflin, Mass. David Ripley, Esq., N. J.
Rev. Stephen Thurston, D. D., Rev. Wm. M. Barbour, D. D., Ct.
Me. Rev. W. L. Gage, Ct.
Rev. Samuel Harris, D. D., Ct. A. S. Hatch, Esq., N. Y.
Rev. Silas McKeen, D. D., Vt. Rev. J. H. Fairchild, D. D., Ohio.
Wm. C. Chapin, Esq., R. I. Rev. H. A. Stimson, Minn.
Rev. W. T. Eustis, Mass. Rev. J. W. Strong, D. D., Minn.
Hon. A. C. Barstow, R. I. Rev. George Thacher, LL. D., Iowa.
Rev. Thatcher Thayer, D. D., R. I. Rev. A. L. Stone, D. D., California.
Rev. Ray Palmer, D. D., N. Y. Rev. G. H. Atkinson, D. D., Oregon.
Rev. J. M. Sturtevant, D. D., Ill. Rev. J. E. Rankin, D. D., D. C.
Rev. W. W. Patton, D. D., D. C. Rev. A. L. Chapin, D. D., Wis.
Hon. Seymour Straight, La. S. D. Smith, Esq., Mass.
Rev. D. M. Graham, D. D., Mich. Rev. H. M. Parsons, N. Y.
Horace Hallock, Esq., Mich. Peter Smith, Esq., Mass.
Rev. Cyrus W. Wallace, D. D., N. Dea. John Whiting, Mass.
H. Rev. Wm. Patton, D. D., Ct.
Rev. Edward Hawes, Ct. Hon. J. B. Grinnell, Iowa.
Douglas Putnam, Esq., Ohio. Rev. Wm. T. Carr, Ct.
Hon. Thaddeus Fairbanks, Vt. Rev. Horace Winslow, Ct.
Samuel D. Porter, Esq., N. Y. Sir Peter Coats, Scotland.
Rev. M. M. G. Dana, D. D., Ct. Rev. Henry Allon, D. D., London,
Rev. H. W. Beecher, N. Y. Eng.
Gen. O. O. Howard, Oregon. Wm. E. Whiting, Esq., N. Y.
Rev. Edward L. Clark, N. Y.
J. M. Pinkerton, Esq., Mass.
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.

Rev. M. E. STRIEBY, 56 Reade Street, N. Y.

DISTRICT SECRETARIES.
Rev. C. L. WOODWORTH, Boston.
Rev. G. D. PIKE, New York.
Rev. JAS. POWELL, Chicago, Ill.

EDGAR KETCHUM, Esq., Treasurer, N. Y.

H. W. HUBBARD, Esq., Assistant Treasurer, N. Y.
Rev. M. E. STRIEBY, Recording Secretary.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

Alonzo S. Ball, Clinton B. Fisk, S. S. Jocelyn,

A. S. Barnes, A. P. Foster, Andrew Lester,
Edward Beecher, Augustus E. Graves, Chas. L. Mead,
Geo. M. Boynton, S. B. Halliday, John H. Washburn,
Wm. B. Brown, Sam’l Holmes, G. B. Willcox.
COMMUNICATIONS

relating to the business of the Association may be addressed to

either of the Secretaries as above.
DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS

may be sent to H. W. Hubbard, 56 Reade Street, New York, or, when

more convenient, to either of the branch offices, 21 Congregational
House, Boston, Mass., 112 West Washington Street, Chicago, Ill.
Drafts or checks sent to Mr. Hubbard should be made payable to his
order as Assistant Treasurer.
A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a Life Member.
Correspondents are specially requested to place at the head of each
letter the name of their Post Office, and the County and State in
which it is located.

THE

AMERICAN MISSIONARY.
Vol. XXXII. FEBRUARY, 1878.
No. 2.

American Missionary Association.

We desire to express our grateful appreciation of the kind notices

with which “The Missionary” in its new form has been received,
especially by the newspapers edited under Congregational auspices.
Their relations to us have always been of the pleasantest, and their
readiness to do us favors has been a constant help and
encouragement. May their circulation never grow less!

We are daily receiving enclosures of twenty-five cents, as payment

for the Missionary for 1878. We trust that the receipt of the January
number, and the present form of the magazine, will monthly remind
our friends that a quarter of a dollar only pays for half a year. Please
send the other quarter, all who have made this mistake.

The Belleville Avenue Congregational Church of Newark, N. J., and

the Congregational Church at Mount Carmel, Conn., have already
accepted our proposition to send 100 copies of the Missionary for the
year to one address for $30.00. Other churches and neighborhoods
are canvassing for it; who will go and do likewise? We want readers,
and those who pay something for the magazine will read it. A letter,
enclosing his subscription, from a Presbyterian minister, says that he
can secure the information he desires in regard to the Southern field
and work from no other source.

We welcome with special pleasure to our table, the first number of

the Fisk Expositor, published at Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn., from
which we give an extract on another page. It is an additional witness
to the devotion and enterprise, with which our professors and
teachers are working in all directions, to extend their influence for
the information and enlightenment of those among whom they labor.
This is another of a group of such publications, among which are the
Southern Workman, of Hampton, the Southern Sentinel, of
Talladega, and the Straight Occasional, of New Orleans. They are full
of information as to the work of these institutions, and of valuable
discussions of topics of interest and importance to the colored
people of the land.

SMALL GIFTS.
We cited in the Missionary for January a number of large gifts from
wealthy men and women, to relieve from debt the Missionary Boards
of various churches, as worthy examples to some of the men of
liberal heart and means who are in especial sympathy with our work
for the lowly. We still have hope that such, alone or in combination,
will do great things for us, and make us glad, in freeing us from
accumulated but already diminishing indebtedness.
Meanwhile, to enable us to carry on our constantly increasing work,
it may not be needless to address this word to those who cannot
give large sums from a large store of good, but who, out of their
moderate incomes and limited means, have been in the habit of
sending us smaller amounts.
Dear friends, after all, it is on you that we depend. If you will look
through our list of receipts from month to month, you will see how
large a proportion of it all comes to us in little sums—a few dollars
here and a few dollars there. You must not fail us, then. We cannot
afford to give up the large contributors, perhaps; still less the small
ones. Sometimes, when it has gone abroad that such an one has
given his five, ten or twenty thousand dollars, the givers of five, ten
or twenty dimes are checked for a while in the flowing of their
generosity. Because there was a heavy rain yesterday, the dews will
not form to-night. The suggestion of plenteous supplies goes abroad
because of one large receipt, and the small sums seem so very small
to the givers as they compare them with the large ones.
But, after all, good friends, a deluge of beneficence only comes once
in a great while. Our bow of promise of unfailing resources is formed
upon the drops of your steady giving. Forty days and forty nights the
Deluge lasted; but, for forty years, each morning, “when the dew
that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of the wilderness there
lay a small, round thing...on the ground”—it was the daily bread of
Israel. So your gifts—if they be only “small, round things,” the dimes
and quarters, the ancestral dollars—are the gifts to which we look
for the maintenance of the great host which we are trying to lead
from the bondage of ignorance and sin to the liberty of intelligence
and Christ.

There has been coming into our treasury during the last month a
class of offerings for the debt, which have a peculiar and almost
pathetic significance. They are the gifts from the Southern field—
from the teachers and pupils in our institutions, from the pastors and
people of our poor colored churches; one from a Band of Hope, one
from a Sisters’ Benevolent Association. One Sunday-school agrees to
take a monthly five-cent collection from its 200 members, and hopes
to send $10.00 a month. The Avery Normal Institute at Charleston.
S. C., and the Chattanooga Band of Hope gave each a holiday
entertainment, and sent us, the one $38.60, and the other $50.00,
for the debt, “as tokens of love and respect from a grateful people.”
We believe the original suggestion was made by Rev. G. S. Pope, of
Tougaloo, Mississippi. The amounts have varied from over one
hundred to three dollars, and are accompanied with hearty
expressions of kind and grateful feeling.
A missionary, who has devoted the last ten years to work among the
freedmen, writes: “I think the story of these Christmas gifts from the
South toward the A. M. A. debt, ought to bring ten-fold from the
North. I tell you, boys and girls here have given their five cents,
dimes, quarters and half-dollars, who have hardly decent or
sufficient clothing to wear.”
One old and poor colored member of one of the churches said: “I
will give a dollar for that, if I have to go without meat and bread for
a week.” A teacher writes: “Would that the history could be written
of every dime and ‘nickel’ of this offering, which comes from old men
and women, youths and maidens, and little children in their rags, to
the A. M. A., which God has ordained as a channel of blessing to the
colored race in the South and their fatherland.” Such gifts are
sacred, by the sacrifices of which they are the fruits, and by the
spirit of loving devotion to which they testify.

PROVIDENTIAL PREPARATIONS FOR AFRICAN

EVANGELIZATION.
It is a significant fact that God moves His providences on parallel
lines. One great event is made to match another. The supply and the
demand spring up together, as the following circumstances, with
many others, illustrate:
In 1855, Mr. Charles Avery gave $100,000 worth of property to this
Association, to constitute a perpetual fund for charitable use, in
sending the Gospel and the blessings of civilization to the colored
people on the continent of Africa. Almost simultaneously, Burton and
Speke made known to the world the fact that the heart of Africa,
instead of being a wild waste, possessed a wonderful lake system, a
most fertile country, and millions upon millions of vigorous and
interesting people.
At a later day, Mr. Stanley visited these lakes, and made an appeal
for missionary effort, which was answered by a response as liberal
as the donation of Mr. Avery; and as a result, the Church Missionary
Society of England is sustaining a mission at Uganda, in Mtesa’s
Kingdom.
When Dr. Livingstone was in the heart of Africa, he wrote: “Come
on, brethren, to the real heathen. You have no idea how brave you
are till you try.” His words were caught up, and the story of his
explorations, devoured with eagerness, resulted in the establishment
of three missions at least, far in the interior. More than $60,000 was
given for the establishment of Livingstonia, on the Nyassa Lake. A
large amount was also given for the University’s Mission in the same
vicinity, and $25,000 by Mr. Arthington, of Leeds, to the London
Missionary Society, for the purpose of establishing a mission at Ujiji,
on the shores of the Tanganyika.
To this latter amount was added a sum sufficient for sending forth a
full corps of missionaries to that locality, and recent reports warrant
the hope that they have already reached their destination.
Perhaps no more striking illustration of the parallelisms we have
suggested has been exhibited, than the one recently brought to our
knowledge by the report of Mr. Stanley’s explorations, and the
doings of the Baptist Missionary Society of London.
Last May, this Society received a letter, stating, “There is a part of
Africa on which I have long had my eye. It is the Congo country.
There is not much knowledge of the Christian religion in the Congo.
Only three or four of its inhabitants can read and write. The
language of the coast is the original African. The old king has
strongly expressed his hopes that some white men would come to
them. It is, therefore, a great satisfaction, and a high and sacred
favor to me, to offer £1,000 if the Baptist Missionary Society will
undertake to teach these interesting people the words of eternal life.
By and by, possibly, we may be able to extend the mission eastward,
and carry the Gospel, as the way may open, as far as Nyangwe.”
While this letter was being penned, Mr. Stanley was pushing his way
from Nyangwe, through a vast unexplored region, to the mouth of
the Congo, having overcome the obstacles which had baffled Dr.
Livingstone and Commander Cameron, who attempted the same
explorations, from the same point of departure.
It is to be remembered, also, that there have been other forces
affecting Africa, parallel to these gifts, and explorations and
missions. Fervent prayers of faith have been offered for its
redemption, and many things indicate that these are being speedily
answered.
“I go,” said Dr. Livingstone, in his last public utterance, before
leaving England, “to open the door to Central Africa. It is probable I
may die there; but, brethren, I pray you see to it that the door is
never again closed.”
It requires no great reach of faith to apprehend that the time has
fully come when the words of the risen Saviour may become our
assurance respecting tropical Africa—“Behold, I have set before thee
an open door, and no man can shut it.”

LIFE OF EDWARD NORRIS KIRK, D. D.

The appearance of this biography renews our remembrance of the
honored man whose life and work is chronicled so well by his former
pupil and friend, Rev. David O. Mears. As the President of the
American Missionary Association for nearly ten years—from 1865
until death sundered the relation—it is fitting that there should be a
notice of this published record of his career in the organ of the
Association.
Dr. Kirk was born in New York City, was graduated from Princeton
College, and pursued legal studies for a year and a half, living a life
which he characterizes as profligate. His conversion, after a severe
struggle, was complete, and the purpose of his life was utterly
changed. He immediately devoted himself to preparation for the
ministry of the gospel.
Handsome, gifted and ardent, he at once took a leading position. His
two pastorates, at Albany and in Boston, were full of fruitfulness.
While yet a pastor, he did the work of an evangelist, with a power
and success which has been seldom paralleled. He was a direct and
pungent preacher, sometimes, as in Albany, stirring up opposition,
and yet wonderfully tender and conciliating in his manner, and so
gaining friends even from those who antagonized him.
He was always a reformer, but a radical only in the best sense. He
spoke manfully of the slave, and of the possibilities of the African
race, in 1820, when only in his eighteenth year, a student at
Princeton. Not until much later was he in sentiment an Abolitionist.
He was never a denunciator. In opposing a false system, he made all
charitable allowance for those involved in it, and was careful to
recognize the fact that there were slaveholders who became or
continued such that they might protect and benefit the slave. In the
summer of 1860 and in the spring of 1861, when the South was
peculiarly sensitive, Dr. Kirk was traveling in Virginia, North Carolina
and beyond, expressing his sentiments frankly, and yet so
courteously and wisely that he was always met with kindness.
In 1865, when the emancipation of the slaves had opened to the A.
M. A. the work of their instruction and Christianization, Dr. Kirk was
chosen its President, as a man representing its aim and spirit most
fully. His sympathy with its work was deep and earnest, and
continued to the end.
But this was not a specialty. He was equally earnest in the cause of
Foreign Missions, of work among the Roman Catholics, of Education
(as shown by his interest in Amherst College and the Mount Holyoke
Seminary), of Temperance, and of evangelistic work at home.
So far as the memoir reveals the secret of his power, it seems to
have been a rare combination of fearlessness and tact—the courage
which comes from deep conviction, and the tact which comes from a
loving sympathy with men, and a real sweetness of disposition. But
more than all, it shows him as a man who walked with God in
reverential yet familiar intercourse—who realized that the Lord Jesus
was indeed with him always, and whose prayers were in accord with
the resolution of his early life—“I intend hereafter, in my prayers, to
converse with God, and not make speeches before Him.”
Such lives are powerful in their influence while they are with us, and
profitable in their instruction when we have only the record of them
to read.

NEWS FROM THE CHURCHES.

Sand Mountain, Ala.—This church has no pastor. Sunday services kept
up by the reading of sermons; does not sustain a prayer-meeting or
Sunday-school. The church is composed of white people, all from the
North. A day-school, numbering fifteen, is sustained in connection
with the church.
Selma, Ala.—Rev. Fletcher Clark, pastor, reports the field as
encouraging, with earnest workers in the church. The meetings are
well attended. The church is very strong in favor of temperance, and
against the use of tobacco, as compared with the other churches in
vicinity. Sabbath-school flourishing. An earnest effort is making in
behalf of the young men. A very encouraging feature of the work
here is a Woman’s Prayer-meeting, which meets once a week.
Atlanta, First, Ga.—Rev. S. S. Ashley, pastor. Several additions during
the year. Large proportion of the church, heads of families, also in
the Sabbath-school, which numbers about 275. The church has
adopted the plan of “Envelope Collections,” and finds it increases the
amount of collections.
Byron, Ga.—This church has been supplied, during the year, by Bro.
H. Watkins. The church holds its own, and still sustains the mission-
school at Powersville.
Macon, Ga.—Rev. M. O. Harrington, pastor. This church has not been
in a very good condition for two or three years past; their church
and school building have been burned during the year past, and
consequently they are much broken up. A new building is nearly
completed, and much hope is felt that the church will take a “new
departure” in Christian earnestness and godly living. The school
sustained in connection with the church is in as prosperous a
condition as could be expected under the circumstances.
Marietta, Ga.—Rev. T. N. Stewart, pastor. This church was organized
February 8, 1877; now numbers 21. The Sabbath-school averages
20.
Chattanooga, First, Tenn.—Rev. T. Cutler, pastor. This church is in
good condition, though the Young People’s Meeting has been given
up. The Band of Hope prosperous; a Mother’s Meeting is held once a
month; Sabbath-school, 175.
Nashville, Union, Tenn.—Rev. H. S. Bennett, pastor, is connected with
Fisk University. The church is composed almost entirely of students.
A hopeful feeling manifest.
Golding’s Grove, Ga.—“The condition of the church spiritually is pretty
good. The presence of the good Spirit has been felt in our midst,
and we have gathered some of the fruit. At our last communion
season, which was on the last Sabbath in November, six joined with
us, five by confession of faith. Three of these five were very old
persons; one eighty odd years of age. The old man’s experience was
full of useful lessons, and it seemed as though we could almost see
the long, patient love of God toward sinners, as he sat and told of a
wasted life, and, with tears in his eyes, sorrowed for his sins. There
is much interest in our midst still.”
Savannah, Ga.—“We received six new members into our church last
week, two by letter and four by profession.”
Hampton, Va.—“We are still favored with the influences of God’s Spirit
in the conversion of souls. These influences, with which we were so
richly blessed the last school year, did not end with the year, but in
some instances bore fruit unto life during the long summer vacation,
and, since the beginning of the new school year, have been
manifested in turning heavenward the thoughts and steps of one
and another of our pupils. Four united with the church on the first
Communion Sabbath of the year, and at least as many more are
expecting to make a public profession of their faith in Christ on the
coming Sabbath.
“Another item of interest is the increase of the missionary spirit, and
we trust that the reflex influence of the one who has gone as a
missionary to Africa, will be more and more richly blessed to those
still in the school, quickening them to corresponding works of faith
and love. Such certainly should be the result.”

THE CENTRAL SOUTH CONFERENCE.

At the recent meeting of the Central South Congregational
Conference, the minutes of which have just been laid on our table,
the following resolutions were passed:
On the subject of Education, it was
Resolved, That education is a matter of prime importance,
and that it is the duty of all our churches to advance the
cause by contributions, by sending promising young
persons to the schools within their reach, and in every
other way.
Resolved, That the necessity for aid from the North is still
pressing, and that the American Missionary Association be
requested and urged to continue its assistance in this
direction.
In regard to Church Extension the following resolution was passed,
viz.:
That the needs of the churches represented in this
Conference call for the appointment of a man of wisdom
and experience to be a Missionary Superintendent, whose
labors should be first directed toward establishing, upon a
firm basis, the churches already organized; and next
toward selecting promising and needy fields for planting
new churches and directing our young ministers in
opening such fields.

IS THE NEGRO DYING OUT?

—In the lull of political agitation over the colored people, the
question is being discussed as to their continuance. Are they dying
out? What are the ascertained facts?
—A correspondent of the Cincinnati Gazette, in Jackson, Miss., has
taken the pains to collate the deaths of the white and colored people
in the various Southern cities. In Washington, during the year 1875,
19.22 died out of every thousand whites and 47.60 out of every
thousand blacks. In the succeeding year, the proportion was 26.53
whites and 49.29 blacks. In Baltimore, the rate for 1875 was 19.80
whites to 34.42 blacks. In Knoxville, during 1876, the mortality per
thousand whites was 18; per thousand blacks 31.2. In Richmond, for
the same year, the rate was 17.36 whites, and 28.13 blacks. In
Mobile, during the previous year, the proportion was 12.1 to 23.1. In
New Orleans, the rate for the same year was 25.45 whites to 39.69
blacks. In Charleston, during the ten months of the present year,
17.4 out of every thousand whites have died, and 38.7 out of every
thousand blacks. In Memphis in 1876, there were 652 deaths among
the white population, and 601 among the negroes: in other words,
considering the proportion of white and colored inhabitants, the
death-rate among the negroes was nearly four times as great as
among the whites.
—It has been suggested that these death-rates may not hold
throughout the country places in the South, and that the cities
whither the freedmen flocked after the close of the war have
become peculiarly fatal to the race. In answer, the Charleston News
and Courier states that the negroes of the rural parts of South
Carolina are dying out even more rapidly than those in Charleston.
—The Scientific American deduces the following results, from the
Surgeon-General’s report, as to comparative health and mortality in
the army. For the year ending June 30, 1877, the army consisted of
23,284 white men and 2,075 colored men. Total cases of sickness of
all kinds, 40,171; deaths, 260. Among colored troops, total
sicknesses, 4,348; deaths, 32. The colored men’s sicknesses were 20
per cent. more than those of the whites; while in deaths, we find the
proportion reversed, for only 7 per thousand of colored men died of
disease, as against 8 per thousand of white men. In cases caused by
wounds, accidents, or injuries, 8 per thousand negroes died, against
3 per thousand of white men. It thus appears that the negroes
become diseased more easily than white men, and also recover
more readily; but when actual bodily injury occurs, the death-rate is
more than twice that of white men.
—The United States Census of 1860 showed the increase among the
blacks in ten years to have been 25 per cent.; from 1860 to 1870 a
little over 10 per cent., though these were years of war and want.
—In view of these statements, General Armstrong, of Hampton, Va.,
writes in the Southern Workman:
“Many close observers believe that the decrease is general, but
equally good authorities assert the contrary. No conclusion is
satisfactory; but we incline to the belief that the colored race will at
least hold its own, because in the corresponding class of whites in all
cities there is great mortality. It would be interesting to know the
death-rate among the poor whites of Washington, Richmond and
Charleston, whose dying out has never been hinted at. The negro is
prolific. The phenomena of a dying race, such as one sees among
the decaying Polynesian tribes are not seen among them. Children
are abundant and healthy in city and country. The pickaninnies do
not seem destined to die young. They are a numerous, frisky,
healthy class, of unfailing humor and appetite, as unlike as anything
can be the sore-spotted, scarce Hawaiian child, whose race is
doomed.”

AFRICAN EMIGRATION.
—It appears that the “information from Liberia,” said to have been
received by “the Department of State,” already widely circulated,
was not in any sense an official publication, nor is the name or
standing of the author given.
—Rev. Dr. George W. Samson, for forty years a resident of
Washington, for twelve years President of Columbian College, and
for sixteen years a member of the Executive Committee of the
American Colonization Society, has written a weighty reply to these
statements in the Boston Traveller. In it he shows the economical
planting, the rapid progress, the fertility of the soil, the intelligence
and educational facilities of the colony, by the testimony of U. S.
naval officers and other distinguished witnesses.
—Fifty-two colored emigrants sailed for Liberia recently in the bark
Liberia. They were forwarded by the American Colonization Society.
Three clergymen were among the cabin passengers, one of whom
goes to the Boporo Mission in the interior. The majority of those
emigrating are mechanics and farmers. Many of them are members
of Christian churches. They are comfortably quartered on board, and
have more conveniences than is usual on emigrant vessels. The
American Colonization Society has made a contract with the agents
of the vessel, who agree to carry adults for $50 and children for $25.
This amount includes everything required during the voyage, and the
Liberian Government insures their support for at least six months
after their arrival. Each single immigrant receives ten acres of land,
and the head of a family twenty-five acres. Ex-President Warner,
recently elected Vice-President of the Republic, is the Society’s agent
to receive the emigrants, and under his charge they will be kept until
they can support themselves. The Society has sent many parties
before this and reports the applications as so numerous that space
cannot be found to accommodate them.
—A very different enterprise, apparently, is the Liberia Exodus
Association, which failed to provide the steamship which was to be
ready December 15th. Says Mr. Scarborough, an intelligent colored
man connected with Wilberforce University:
I regard the Liberia Exodus Association as another Credit
Mobilier affair on a small scale. We judge of an
undertaking by the character of the men engaged in it.
Now, it does not require a profundity of knowledge to tell
who and what these men are; what has been their past
history, what it is now, and what it will probably be in the
future. All these we can pretty well determine. It is stated
on good authority that a petition will be sent to Congress
praying for aid; the exact amount is not stated. However, I
am confident that I express the feelings of hundreds of
the better-thinking colored citizens when I say that
Congress should make no appropriation for any such pell-
mell movement. If Congress wishes to make an
appropriation for the negro, let it make it with the
restrictions that it shall be used to pay off the deficit
caused by the sinking of the Freedmen’s Savings Bank, or
for the purchasing of lands and outfits in the great West,
that the negro may wend his way thither, build up and
utilize the hitherto barren country. In South Carolina, it is
said, thousands are selling or letting their little farms and
homes by way of preparation for leaving America; men,
women and children all have the African mania. My advice
to these people now is this: To pay no attention to these
 fair promises; if they have sold their homes, buy them
back if possible; if they have leased their farms, rent
others till the lease expires and then return to their own;
or, if this is not desirable, seek homes in the great West, in
the country that gave us birth, forgetting color, race or
condition, only to rise above it.
—As bearing on the question of a general or large transportation of
ignorant and untrained men to Liberia, were it possible, we quote
from Prof. Blyden in a late number of the Methodist Quarterly
Review. He, in speaking of unskilled labor, says:
In Liberia, there is no lack of the lower kinds of unskilled
labor supplied by the numerous aborigines who throng the
settlements. The immigrant who comes from America is at
once made a proprietor. He has land given him by law, but
having no capital to employ labor, he must enter, single-
handed, upon the work of subduing the forest, and with
all the efforts he may put forth, it is with the utmost
difficulty that he ever rises above a hand-to-mouth
existence. Hence, very often men owning their twenty-five
acres of land, pressed by their necessities, prefer to leave
it a wilderness and go to the arduous and, for new
comers, perilous labor of shingle and lumber getting, or
enter the employ of men who may be able to keep them
from starving, but hardly able to give them a start toward
self-support on their own lands.
When it is remembered that Prof. Blyden is a citizen of Liberia and
knows whereof he speaks, there will be no reason to doubt the truth
of the above statement.
—One of the workers in the Liberia movement met a wise, old
colored man in Shreveport, La. He was describing the great benefits
the negro would enjoy by emigrating, and told him that there the
negro did not have to work; bread and sugar trees covered the
forests, and bananas, cocoanuts, pine-apples, lemons, and all the
tropical fruits, grew everywhere. “Dat’s ’nough of dat story,” said the
old man; “dat ain’t so, kase if it was, de white man would a went dar
long ago, and the niggers neber would hah known nuffin ’bout it.”
—We notice now, as the most recent movement, that a State
convention of the Mississippi Colonization Society, held a few weeks
since, to consider the project of emigrating from the South, was
attended by some 4,000 persons, including 300 delegates from other
States than Mississippi. The proposition to emigrate to Africa was not
looked upon with favor, but the proposition to emigrate to Arizona,
New Mexico or Texas was approved. The following resolution was
adopted:
Resolved, By the people of color of the State of
Mississippi, in convention assembled, that we earnestly
entreat our countrymen throughout the Union to form a
national colonization association, with branches in every
county and State in the Union, for the purpose of effecting
a peaceable separation of the blacks from the whites, and
concentrating our numbers as a body in certain States or
Territories within this Union, as may be hereafter agreed
upon in national convention assembled.
A national convention is to be held in February next, at Corinth,
Miss., in furtherance of this project.

INDIAN NOTES.
—Are the Indians dying out? Major S. N. Clark, of the Bureau of
Education, has compiled these various estimates of their population
as follows:
1789—Estimate of Secretary of War 76,000
1790-91—Estimate of Gilbert Imlay 60,000
1820—Report of Morse on Indian Affairs 471,036
1825—Report of the Secretary of War 129,366
1829—Report of the Secretary of War 312,930
 1834—Report of the Secretary of War 312,610
1836—Report of Superintendent Indian Affairs 253,464
1837—Report of Superintendent Indian Affairs 302,498
1850—Report of H. R. Schoolcraft 388,229
1853—Report of United States Census of 1850 400,764
1855—Report of Indian Office 314,622
1857—Report of H. R. Schoolcraft 379,264
1860—Report of Indian Office 254,300
1865—Report of Indian Office 294,574
1870—Report of United States Census 313,712
1870—Report of Indian Office 313,371
1875—Report of Indian Office 305,068
1876—Report of Indian Office 291,882
These figures are, however, in part conjectural, and all based upon
varying data, and limited by varying boundaries. They do not show
any constant movement of increase or decrease.
In regard to particular tribes, the Cherokees, since 1809,
notwithstanding the depressing influences of removal, and loss by
civil war, have increased from 12,395 to 21,072. The Seminoles
have, since 1870, increased from 2,638 to 3,000. The Iroquois, 100
years ago numbering about 11,500, are now 13,668. Within forty
years the Sioux are computed to have increased from 25,000 to
40,000.
A comparison of births and deaths for the last three years has been
made, but it is too incomplete to be the basis of any conclusions.
Major Clark says, in summing up, that several years of study have
convinced him that the usual theory that the Indian population is
destined to decline and finally disappear, as a result of contact with
white civilization, must be greatly modified—probably abandoned
altogether.
—Missionaries Riggs and Williamson substantially agree that (1) the
Indians, in their wild state, increase quite rapidly, unless disturbed
by some violent agent, as war, famine, or pestilence; (2) the first
effect of a change to civilized life is to diminish their numbers; (3)
the final effect, however, is to a recovery and more rapid growth,
even, than in their former state.
—From the best official estimates, there are in the country about
275,000 Indians. Of this number, 56,630, or only about one-fifth,
receive subsistence from the government. Perhaps a majority of the
whole number are self-sustaining. The tribes in the Indian Territory
are said to compare favorably in moral, social and material condition
with many of the white communities in the neighboring States.
Schools, courts, church organizations and local legislatures are
among their cherished institutions.
—The only Congregational Church in Indian Territory was dedicated
Sunday, December 2d. Its site is in the town of Caddo, on the line of
the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad. Having been begun in the
year 1876, it is known as the “Centennial Church.”
—Official statistics lately published show that, for the past forty
years, the military operations against the Indians by the United
States have cost $12,000,000, on an average, each year. The wild
Apaches, 10,000 in number, cost the government nearly $2,000,000
annually for the pay of the army that takes care of them; while the
60,000 Cherokees, who are civilized and quiet, cost us almost
nothing.
—The governor and delegates of the Chickasaw nation, and the
delegates of the Choctaw nation, have united in a memorial to the
Senate, remonstrating against the passage of the bill to enable
Indians to become citizens. They say:
We have no objection to the measure in so far as it
permits citizens of our nations to become citizens of the
United States, if upon such change of citizenship they
leave our jurisdiction, and surrender all rights growing out
 of and depending upon the tribal relation, retaining,
however, all their separate property. But this bill expressly
provides that, after one of our citizens becomes a citizen
of the United States, he shall retain all his rights and
interests in the lands, claims, annuities, funds, and other
property of our nations or tribes. The result of these
provisions is that after he ceases to be a citizen of the
Choctaw or Chickasaw nation, he retains every right which
he had while a citizen. The proposed statute will violate
the treaty, and confer on citizens of the United States,
who are not citizens of the Chickasaw nation, a part of a
large fund which the United States have covenanted shall
be the property of the Chickasaw nation. Certainly we
could not be expected to consent that a treaty stipulation
of such great importance to us should be annulled by an
act of Congress.
—A bill to allow the civilized tribes of the Indian Territory to elect a
delegate to Congress has been introduced in the House, and
referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. A sub-committee has
been appointed to consider and report upon the bill. Their report is
favorable, and will be made to the committee on the re-assembling
of Congress. It will no doubt be adopted. It provides that a delegate,
who shall be a member of some one of the Cherokee, Creek,
Seminole, Choctaw, or Chickasaw tribes, shall be chosen at a general
election, to be held under the supervision and direction of the
Secretary of the Interior, and shall have all the rights, privileges and
emoluments of a delegate from any of the regularly organized
Territories. The report shows that it costs the natives upward of
$60,000 yearly to send delegates here. Under the present system
each tribe now sends from two to five or six delegates, at an
expense of about six dollars a day each. One delegate for all, who
shall have the privilege of the floor of Congress, would give the
tribes much more influence with the government.
—The new Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Mr. Hayt, took the oath of
office Dec. 18th, and received his commission.
 CHINESE NOTES.
—No one seems to fear lest the Chinaman will die out. To allay
apprehensions as to their over-swarming, Prof. S. Wells Williams,
LL.D., for forty years an honored resident in the Flowery Kingdom,
says:
Some fear that this country will be swamped altogether by
this flood of aliens, but the 125,000 or so of Chinese now
in this land, with few exceptions, all came from a small
portion, two prefectures, of Kwangtung province. There is
no probability of other parts of the empire joining in this
emigration, for several reasons, one of which is the great
differences in their dialects.
—Congressman Shelley, of Alabama, has introduced into the House a
bill providing that, after January, 1879, all Chinamen coming here
(except officially) from any country shall be taxed $250 per capita,
or serve five years in the penitentiary!
—Over 300 Chinese have been received as members of the
Protestant churches of California, and in addition there are 700
Chinamen in Christian associations for learning Christian doctrine;
750 Chinese attend the mission schools of San Francisco, and over
1,000 go to the Sunday-schools.
—Representative Page, in a letter to the President of the United
States, writes:
I desire still further to state, that in California there is no
division of opinion as to the evils of Chinese immigration,
and I, therefore, on behalf of the people of that State,
very respectfully suggest that you make this matter the
subject of a special message to Congress when it
convenes in January next.
—On the other hand, Mr. D. O. Miles, formerly of the Bank of
California, says:
There are about 60,000 Chinese in California, and I do not
know what we could do without them. They are
industrious and peaceable, generally speaking, and it
would be impossible readily to supply our manufactories
with labor, but for the Chinese. Their wages—the wages of
the laborers, I mean—average $1 a day. In Virginia City
white labor costs as much as $2.50 a day. We need
whatever Chinese labor we have in California. It might be
well for Congress to check temporarily the flow of Chinese
immigration by levying a tax upon each immigrant. But
those who are now on our shores are needed, and they
should be treated with humanity, and protected from the
persecution of the rougher element of society. The
Chinese, generally speaking, are temperate, exceedingly
industrious and economical.
—The Attorney-General, by direction of the President, has given
considerable attention to the question of protecting the Chinese in
California. The Attorney-General finds that there is no authority for
the United States to interfere unless the State should ask for aid,
and is of opinion that this matter should be referred to Congress,
and a special message from the President on the subject has been
talked of. The President, and all members of his Cabinet, are anxious
to use every means which they can constitutionally command to
prevent the threatened outbreak. The class of people engaged in the
attempt to create disorder is chiefly confined to the foreign laboring
element, aided by roughs and the lower classes of San Francisco
population. The fact that the Chinese have completely armed
themselves has held the roughs in check; but matters are believed
to be in a much worse condition than has been reported, and news
at any time of horrible scenes in San Francisco would not create
surprise in Washington.
 NEW APPOINTMENTS.
1877-1878.
The following list presents the names and post-office addresses of
those who are under appointment in the Churches, Institutions and
Schools, aided by the American Missionary Association, among the
Freedmen in the South, the Chinese on the Pacific Coast, the
Indians, and the Negroes in Western Africa. The Theological
Department of Howard University is supported jointly by the
Presbytery of Washington and the A. M. A. The Berea College and
Hampton Institute are under the care of their own Boards of
Trustees, but being either founded or fostered in the past by this
Association, and representing the general work in which it is
engaged, their teachers are included in this list.

THE SOUTHERN FIELD.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

HOWARD UNIVERSITY.

Theological Department.
Rev. W. W. Patton, D.D., Washington, D. C.
Rev. Lorenzo Westcott, Washington, D. C.
Rev. Alexander Pitzer, D.D., Washington, D. C.
Rev. John G. Butler, D.D., Washington, D. C.

VIRGINIA.
 HAMPTON.

Minister.
Rev. Richard Tolman, Hampton, Va.
NORMAL AND AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE.

Instructors and Managers.

Gen. S. C. Armstrong, Hampton, Va.
Gen. J. F. B. Marshall, Hampton, Va.
Mr. Albert Howe, Hampton, Va.
Mr. M. B. Crowell, Hampton, Va.
Mr. J. B. H. Goff, Hampton, Va.
Lt. S. R. Jones, Hampton, Va.
Miss Ann M. Hobbs, Hampton, Va.
Miss Charlotte L. Mackie, Newburgh, N. Y.
Miss Susan B. Harrold, Franklin, Mass.
Miss Mary F. Mackie, Newburgh, N. Y.
Miss Nathalie Lord, Portland, Me.
Miss Isabel B. Eustis, Springfield, Mass.
Miss Helen W. Ludlow, New York City.
Mrs. Sophia Buck, Orange, N. J.
Miss Eleanor W. Collingwood, Hampton, Va.
Miss Eunice C. Dixon, Hampton, Va.
Miss Mary A. Coe, Boston, Mass.
Miss Elizabeth P. Hyde, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Miss Margaret W. Buck, Hampton, Va.
Miss Jeannie I. Hincks, Hampton, Va
Miss Carrie Watson, Hampton, Va
Miss Emily Kimball, Hampton, Va
Mr. Albert H. Tolman, Hampton, Va
Mr. Charles G. Buck, Hampton, Va
Mr. Thomas T. Brice, Hampton, Va
Mr. James C. Robbins, Hampton, Va
Mr. Frank D. Banks, Hampton, Va
Mr. John E. Fuller, Hampton, Va

CARRSVILLE.

Teacher.
Miss M. A. Andrus, Riceville, Pa.

NORTH CAROLINA.

WILMINGTON (P. O. Box 207).

NORMAL SCHOOL.

Minister and Superintendent.

Rev. D. D. Dodge, Nashua, N. H.

Principal.
Miss Lucy Goodwin, Mason, N. H.

Assistants.
Miss Martha Moore, Holden, Mass.
Miss E. A. Warner, Lowell, Mass.
Mrs. D. D. Dodge, Nashua, N. H.

RALEIGH.

Minister.
Rev. Geo. S. Smith, Raleigh, N. C.

Teachers.
Miss E. P. Hayes, Limerick, Me.