TECHNICAL MANUAL

EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL PROCEDURES

U.S. BOMBS, GPLD, 250-LB MK81, 500-LB MK82 & BLU-111A/B,

1,000-LB MK 83 M4D BLU-11OA/B & 2,000-LB MK 84

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SAFETY SUMMARY
1. IDENTIFICATION
2. DESCRIPTION
3. HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS
4. FUNCTIONING
5. RENDER SAFE PROCEDURES
6. DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
7. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SAFETY SUMMARY

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Do not use faze-related accessories such as lanyard locks, lanyard adjusters, closure rings,
and conical, hemispherical, streamlined, or hexagonal closure plugs, as positive identification
features for the faze(s) used. These accessories may be used with various internal electric-
short-delay, electric-long-delay, antidisturbance, and influence FMIU-series flues.

Observe seismic and magnetic precautions until it is known for certain that the weapon is not
a destructor.

WARNINGS

Use caution when working around unopened fin blades and fin assembly retarders.
Components of these units are under spring tension and when released could cause injury.

Blow or bunt these bombs in place only, if the fuze(s) cannot be identified or rendered safe.
There is no known render safe procedure for bombs in this condition.

Be prepared for a possible detonation when disposing of bombs by burning. Disposal of the
bombs by burning may not be satisfactory because of variations in the thickness of steel in the
bomb body, ambient temperature, or external thermal protective coating, and may result in a
high or low order detonation. The Mk 83 and Mk 84 bombs have a higher probability of
detonation than the Mk 81 and Mk 82 bombs.

Wait 2 hours if burn procedures were unsatisfactory, due to external thermal protective
coating, wall thickness, or ambient temperature, and if no detonation has occurred, before
attempting a second burn. This will permit the bomb to cool.

I. IDENTIFICATION. Figure 1 shows the appearance and dimensions of the general-purpose

low-drag bombs. Figure 2 shows the appearance of a general-purpose low-drag bomb with a
conical fin attached, and the features of the Mk 83 and Mk 84 recessed base plates.

a. Type. These are general-purpose low-drag (GPLD) high-explosive (HE)-filled bombs. They
can be used against personnel, moderately reinforced concrete, and light armor. Both
fragmentation and blast effect are produced.
b. Painting and Markings. The bombs are painted olive drab and have a yellow band (76
millimeters (3.00 inches) wide) around the nose and tail or around the nose only. Thermally
insulated bombs have two yellow bands (each 76 millimeters (3.00 inches) wide) around the
nose. Yellow lettering is stenciled around the body near the nose. Die-stamped markings on
the side of the body include the Mk and Mod, ordnance drawing number, and type and weight
of the explosive charge. Thermally insulated bombs are stenciled THERMALLY PROTECTED
after the bomb nomenclature.

NOTE

Externally thermally protected bombs have an alligator skin covering, and are designed
primarily for shipboard use. Internally thermally protected bombs are marked as such.

(6) DTU-3 1/B timer actuator. See supplementary information for detailed description and
operation.

2. DESCRIPTION.

a. Material. The bomb body is steel. The charging well plug and the nose and tail closure
plugs are steel or plastic. The external thermal protection covering on the bombs is a
copolymer elastomer thermosetting compound.

b. Weight. The approximate weight of each bomb is: the Mk 81, 113 kilograms (250 pounds);
the Mk 82 and BLU-I 1 IAIB, 227 kilograms (500 pounds); the Mk 83 and BLU-l IOA/B, 454
kilograms (1,000 pounds); and the Mk 84, 907 kilograms (2,000 pounds).

c. Arrangement. The Mk 82 Mod I bomb contains an improved interior thermal protective

coating between the inside of the bomb case and the explosive filler. In all Mk 80-series and
BLU-l IOA/B and BLU-l 11A/B bombs, two internal plumbing tubes (figure 3) for an electric fine
harness or for lanyard routing, connect the nose and tail fuze cavities with the charging well
between the suspension lugs on the outer surface of the bomb body. A hemispherical nose
plug, or a support cup covered with a steel streamlined or conical nose plug, is used in the
nose fuze cavity when a nose fuze is not installed. Some older mechanical nose and tail fuzes
require installation of an adapter booster (some of which are thermally protected) into the fuze
wells to provide fuze seats of smaller diameters and booster charges, prior to fine installation.

3. HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS. The Mks 81, 82, 83, and 84 bombs are filled with tritonal or
H-6 explosive, weighing 45.4 kilograms (100.0 pounds), 87.1 kilograms (192.0 pounds), 202
kilograms (445 pounds), and 429 kilograms (945 pounds). respectively. The BLU-111A/B and
BLU-l 10A/B bombs are filled with PBXN-109 explosive weighing 87.1 kilograms (192.0
pounds) and 202 kilograms (445 pounds), respectively.

4. FUNCTIONING. Depending on the fuze used, the arming wire assembly, lanyard, or cable,
is connected to the aircraft bomb rack or pylon. As the bomb (figure 2) is released from the
aircraft, the fuze arming sequence begins. After a predetermined time, the fuze arms. On
impact, proximity to target, after a predetermined delay, or upon being disturbed, the fuze
initiates the explosive train and detonates the bomb.

5. RENDER SAFE PROCEDURES.

WARNING

Use caution when working around unopened fin blades (figure 1) and fin assembly retarders.
Components of these units are under spring tension and when released could cause injury.

a. Bombs With Unoperated Timer Actuator (See supplementary information).

(1) Turn selector switch to SAFE.

(2) Insert lockpin and secure.

(3) Proceed to step lb or Ic, as appropriate.

NOTE

The condition of some internal fuzes may be determined by checking the charging well (figure
3).

b. Bombs With Fuze(s) That Can Be Positively Identified and Rendered Safe.

(1) Render safe fuze(s) encountered.

(2) Proceed to disposal procedures.

c. Bombs With Fuze(s) That Cannot Be Identified and Rendered Safe.

WARNING
Blow or burn these bombs in place only, if the fuze(s) cannot be identified or rendered safe.
There is no known render safe procedure for bombs in this condition.

Proceed to disposal procedure paragraph 6b).

6. DISPOSAL PROCEDURES.

a. Bombs With Fine(s) That Are Rendered Safe.

(1) Transport hazardous components to a disposal area.

(2) Dispose of by one of the following detonation procedures (as applicable).

(a) Fuze(s) and adapter-booster(s) installed in bomb. Place not less than 1.25 pounds of
plastic explosive (M112 block cut in half laterally and stacked), or equivalent, over either, or
both if applicable, fuze cavity(ies) (figure 3). Place charge(s) approximately 102 to 152
millimeters (4.00 to 6.00 inches) aft of nose fuze- or plug-to-bomb junction and/or forward of
fin-to-bomb junction. Prepare charge(s) for simultaneous detonation. Initiate charge(s).

(b) Fuze(s) and adapter-booster(s) missing. Place not less than 1.25 pounds of plastic
explosive, or equivalent, in either, or both if applicable, fuze cavity(ies) (figure 3). Initiate
charge(s).

(c) Fuze(s) missing and adapter-booster(s) present. Fill adapter-booster(s) with plastic
explosive, or equivalent. Initiate charge(s).

b. Bombs With Fuze(s) That Are Not Rendered Safe. Dispose of by one of the following
detonation or burning procedures (as applicable).
(1) Detonation procedures. Place not less than 1.25 pounds of plastic explosive (M112 block
cut in half laterally and stacked), or equivalent, over either, or both if applicable, fuze
cavity(ies) (figure 3). Place charge(s) approximately 102 to 152 millimeters (4.00 to 6.00
inches) aft of nose fuze- or plug-to bomb junction and/or forward of fin-to-bomb junction.
Prepare charge(s) for simultaneous detonation. Initiate charge(s).

(2) Burning procedures.

WARNING

Be prepared for a possible detonation. Disposal of the bombs by burning may not be
satisfactory because of variations in the thickness of steel in the bomb body, ambient
temperature, or external thermal protective coating, and may result in a high or low order
detonation. The Mk 83 and Mk 84 bombs have a higher probability of detonation than the Mk
81 and Mk 82 bombs.

(a) Mk 81 bomb.

3 Cover bomb with dirt (figure 4), ensuring that dirt does not contain large rocks or hard
material that might jar bomb.

2 Measure 432 millimeters (17.00 inches) forward of fin and bomb junction and 45 degree, to
left or right of top of bomb, and form a nest to accommodate two grenades clusters (six
incendiary hand grenades). Ensure that skin of bomb body forms bottom of nest and nest is
not over strongback.

3 Prepare two incendiary hand grenades for remote initiation as described in 60-series
manual.

4 Place one prepared grenade on top of each grenade cluster and secure cluster with tape.
Place the two grenade clusters in nest as shown.

5 Initiate prepared grenades simultaneously.

WARNING

Wait 2 hours if burn procedures were unsatisfactory, due to external thermal protective
coating, wall thickness, or ambient temperature, and if no detonation has occurred, before
attempting a second bum. This will permit the bomb to cool.

If burn procedures were unsatisfactory and no detonation has occurred, wait 2 hours for bomb
to cool, then repeat procedure.

2 If burn procedures were satisfactory or if a detonation has occurred, dispose of remaining

residue/hazardous items by detonation.

(b) Mk 82 and BLU-111A/B bombs.

I Cover bomb with dirt (figure 5), ensuring that dirt does not contain large rocks or hard
material that might jar bomb.

2 Measure 470 millimeters (18.50 inches) forward of fin and bomb junction, and forward 30
degree to right of top of bomb to accommodate two clusters (six incendiary hand grenades).
Ensure that skin of bomb body forms bottom of nest and nest is not over strongback.
3 Measure 826 millimeters (32.50 inches) forward of fin and bomb junction, and form a second
nest 30 degree to left of top of bomb to accommodate two grenade clusters (six incendiary
hand grenades). Ensure that skin of bomb body forms bottom of nest and nest is not over
strongback.

4 Prepare four incendiary hand grenades for remote initiation as described in 60-series
manual.

5 Place one prepared grenade at top of each grenade cluster and secure cluster with tape.
Place two grenade clusters in each nest as shown in figure 5.

6 Initiate the four prepared grenades simultaneously.

WARNING

Wait 2 hours if burn procedures were unsatisfactory, due to external thermal protective
coating, wall thickness, or ambient temperature, and if no detonation has occurred, before
attempting a second burn. This will permit the bomb to cool.

7 If burn procedures were unsatisfactory and no detonation has occurred, wait 2 hours for
bomb to cool, then repeat procedure.

S If burn procedures were satisfactory or if a detonation has occurred, dispose of remaining

residue/hazardous items by detonation

(c) Mk 83 and BLU-l10A/B bombs.

I Cover bomb with dirt ensuring that dirt does not contain large rocks or hard material that
might jar bomb.

2 Measure 610 millimeters (24.00 inches) forward of fin and bomb junction and 45 degree to
right of top of bomb, and form a nest to accommodate two grenade clusters (six incendiary
hand grenades). Ensure that skin of bomb body forms bottom of nest and nest is not over
strongback.

3 Measure 914 millimeters (36.00 inches) forward of fin and bomb junction, and form a second
nest 45 degree to left of top of bomb to accommodate two grenade clusters (six incendiary
hand grenades). Ensure that skin of bomb body forms bottom of nest and nest is not over
strongback.

4 Prepare four incendiary hand grenades for remote initiation as described in 60-series
manual.
5 Place one prepared grenade at top of each grenade cluster and secure cluster with tape.
Place two grenade clusters in each nest as shown in figure 5.

6 Initiate the four prepared grenades simultaneously.

WARNING

Wait 2 hours if burn procedures are unsatisfactory, due to external thermal protective coating,
wall thickness, or ambient temperature, and if no detonation has occurred, before attempting
a second burn. This will permit the bomb to cool.

7 If burn procedures were unsatisfactory and no detonation has occurred, wait 2 hours for
bomb to cool, then repeat procedure.

8 If burn procedures were satisfactory or if a low order detonation has occurred, dispose of
remaining residue/hazardous items by detonation.

(d) Mk 84 bomb.

I Cover bomb with dirt (figure 5), ensuring that dirt does not contain large rocks or hard
material that might jar bomb.

2 Measure 864 millimeters (34.00 inches) forward of fin and bomb junction and 45 degree to
right of top of bomb, and form a nest to accommodate two grenade clusters (six incendiary
hand grenades). Ensure that skin of bomb body forms bottom of nest and nest is not over
strongback.

3 Measure 1.18 meters (46.50 inches) forward of fin and bomb junction, and form a second
nest 45 degree to left of top of bomb to accommodate two grenade clusters (six incendiary
hand grenades). Ensure that skin of bomb body forms bottom of nest and nest is not over
strongback.

4 Prepare four incendiary hand grenades for remote initiation as described in 60-series
manual.

5 Place one prepared grenade at top of each grenade cluster and secure cluster with tape.
Place two grenade clusters in each nest as shown in figure 5.

6 Initiate the four prepared grenades simultaneously.

WARNING

Wait 2 hours if burn procedures were unsatisfactory, due to external thermal protective
coating, wall thickness, or ambient temperature, and if no detonation has occurred, before
attempting a second burn. This will permit the bomb to cool.

7 If burn procedures were unsatisfactory and no detonation has occurred, wait 2 hours for
bomb to cool, then repeat procedure.

S If burn procedures were satisfactory or if a low order detonation has occurred, dispose of
remaining residue/hazardous items by detonation.

7. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

a. IDENTIFICATION. Figure 6 shows the appearance and dimensions of the DTU- 31/B timer
actuator. It is a lanyard-actuated electro-explosive release device which is encased in an
aluminum housing. The timer may be attached to bombs to provide delayed fin opening of
certain retarder type fin assemblies. The timer is painted semigloss dark green with
nomenclature and loading data in white letters and weighs approximately 1.1 kilograms (2.5
pounds).

NOTE

The timer is installed to the side of the bomb suspension lugs. It is secured to the bomb by
two steel bands which pass through the front and rear timer guides and around the
circumference of the bomb. Figure 7 shows the timer installed on a bomb.
b. Features. The timer is machined from a closed die aluminum alloy forging. On top of the
timer are two guides (front and rear) for securing the device to the bomb with the steel bands;
a selector for arming and safing the device, which is turned with a flat tip screwdriver; an
actuator piston with a guide slot to receive the fin actuating lanyard; and a lanyard seal
assembly with the initiating lanyard and break link attached. The bottom of the device contains
the closure plate which provides access to the timers arming and firing components. It is
secured with ten machine screws.

c. Arrangement. The timer (figure 8) contains four major subassemblies: the timer electronics,
the actuator shaft assembly, the lanyard plate assembly, and the thermal battery. The timer
electronics consist of a printed circuit board which contains all of the timers electronic aiming
and firing circuits. It is assembled between two insulator pads at the aft end of the component
cavity in the housing assembly. It is electrically connected and located between the battery
and initiator. The actuating shaft assembly consists of the actuating shaft, piston, obturator,
and initiator. Initiator initiation provides the driving force to project the actuating shaft forward
and out of the housing assembly. The initiator (figure 8) generates a maximum chamber
pressure of 27,579 kilopascals (4000 psi) and pushes the actuating shaft with a minimum
force of 45.4 kilograms (100.0 pounds) through a 51-millimeter (2.00-inch) stoke in less than
30 milliseconds. In the safe position, it is locked in position by the actuator shaft assembly
lockball. The lanyard plate assembly consists of the lanyard plate, shearpin, selector, locking
ring, lanyard, firing pin, and lanyard plate locking spring. Initiator lanyard (figure 8) pull of 27.2
kilograms (60.0 pounds) is required to shear the shearpin and drive the lanyard plate/firing pin
aft to initiate the thermal battery primer. The selector locks the lanyard plate forward in the
safe position and the lanyard plate locking spring locks it aft in the fired position. Aft
movement of the locking plate also provides a slot for release of the actuating shaft assembly
lockball. The thermal battery provides complete electrical power for the timer. It requires a
minimum 28 inch-ounce force to function the primer. The battery produces 11 vdc for a
maximum of 2 seconds. It drops below firing voltage within 5 seconds from initiation.
d. Hazardous Components. The thermal battery contains a primer of unknown weight and
composition, and an initiator, which contains less than I gram of M9 propellant.

e. Functioning.

(1) Arming. When the bomb is released and the initiating lanyard (figure 8) is pulled, it separates
the seal from the top of the timer. Continuing pull on the lanyard moves the lanyard plate aft
shearing its shearpin and impacting the lanyard plate firing pin on the primer of the thermal
battery, initiating the battery. When the lanyard plate reaches its limit of travel, the lanyard plate
locking spring locks it in the aft position and the lanyard separates at the break link. Aft
movement of the lanyard plate exposes a cut out for the lockball and unlocks the actuating shaft
assembly. Simultaneously, battery power is provided to the electronic timer for operation. The
timer is now armed.

(2) Firing. Upon expiration of the delay time (approximately 1 second), a biasing voltage is
provided to the transistors and the firing circuit is closed. Battery voltage is provided through the
firing circuit to initiate the initiator (figure 8). The initiator gases generate chamber pressures and
drive the actuating shaft from the timer housing assembly which pulls the actuating lanyard to
deploy the retarder fin assembly.

f Disposal Procedure. Dispose of by detonation/burning.