`

welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY (evsjv)

evsjv wel‡q mÄxebx

cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv

co‡Z wkwL
c‡o wkwL

cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dbœqb Kg©m~wP4

cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi
cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq
 gyLeÜ
eZ©gvb miKv‡ii wbe©vPbx BkZvnvi ev¯Íevq‡b cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi Kg©cwiKíbvq evsjv I MwYZ
wel‡qi `¶Zv e„w×i Rb¨ AwaK ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GiB avivewnKZvq cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKM‡Yi
evsjv wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ mÄxebx cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvjwU cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cwigvwR©Z wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Av‡jv‡K B‡Zvg‡a¨ evsjv welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖYxZ cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqv‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i evsjv wel‡qi wkÿKM‡Yi cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg mgvß n‡q‡Q| `ªæZ
cwieZ©bkxj GB we‡k^i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L cÖwkÿY e¨e¯’viI mgš^q mvab Avek¨K| ZvB evsjv welqwfwËK
cÖwkÿY‡K AwaKZi Kvh©Kix Kivi Rb¨ cÖwkÿY-cieZ©x wkÿv_©x I welq wkÿ‡Ki Pvwn`v wbiƒcY K‡i evsjv
wel‡q mÄxebx cÖwkÿ‡Yi cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU †h‡Kv‡bv cÖwkÿY e¨e¯’vcbvi GKwU ev¯Íem¤§Z
Ask|

GB cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvjwU evsjv welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqv‡ji GKwU cwic~iK DcKiY| G‡Z cwigvwR©Z
wkÿvµ‡gi cÖwZdjb i‡q‡Q| AwaK ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvi welqmn
cÖv_wgK¯Í‡ii evsjv cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki me ai‡bi wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj PP©vi Ici|

mÄxebx cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj cÖYq‡b cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi I Gi Aaxb Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi cvkvcvwk
BDGmGAvBwW-Gi G‡mv wkwL cÖK‡íi KvwiMwi mn‡hvwMZv i‡q‡Q| GB cÖwkÿY MÖnY K‡i wkÿKMY `ÿZvi
m‡½ †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi DrKl©Zv mvab Ki‡Z cvi‡eb e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|

GB cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj cÖYq‡b huviv †gav I wbijm kÖg w`‡q‡Qb Zv‡`i mK‡ji cÖwZ AvšÍwiK ab¨ev` I K…ZÁZv
Ávcb KiwQ|

†gv: Avãym mvgv`

gnvcwiPvjK
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv|

ii
 m~wPcÎ

welqe¯‘ c„ôv bs
mÄxebx cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv cwiwPwZ 1
mÄxebx cÖwkÿY mnvwqKvi g¨vwUª· 2
cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq 3
cÖwkÿ‡Y e¨envh© DcKiY 5
mÄxebx cÖwkÿ‡Y e¨eüZ c×wZ I †KŠkj 6
cÖwkÿY m~wP 9
cÖ_g w`b
cÖ_g Awa‡ekb - cwiwPwZ, cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖZ¨vkv 10
wØZxq Awa‡ekb -c~‡e©i cÖwkÿ‡Yi AwfÁZv wewbgq 13
Z…Zxq Awa‡ekb - evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R covi Dcv`v‡bi cÖ‡qvM 16
PZz_© Awa‡ekb - evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq 24
wØZxq w`b
cÖ_g Awa‡ekb - co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvq cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKvi Kvh©Ki e¨envi 27
wØZxq Awa‡ekb- evsjv wel‡q wkÿv_©xi AMÖMwZ wbiqcY 29
Z…Zxq Awa‡ekb- evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R m¤ú~iK wkLb mvgMÖx e¨env‡ii my‡hvM 35
PZz_© Awa‡ekb - gy³ Av‡jvPbv I mgvcbx 44

iii
 mÄxebx cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv cwiwPwZ
eZ©gvb miKv‡ii wbe©vPbx B‡¯Ínvi ev¯Íevq‡b cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v gš¿Yvjq cvuP eQi e¨vcx (2019-2023) †h
Kg©cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i‡Q Zv‡Z evsjv I MwYZ wel‡qi `¶Zv e„w×i Rb¨ AwaK ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Bs‡iwR welq e¨wZ‡i‡K cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi mKj welqB evsjvq iwPZ| †m-Kvi‡Y evsjv mKj welq †kLvi
gva¨g| cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿKM‡Yi evsjv wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv `ÿZv e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i
Kvh©Ki cÖwkÿY `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GB cÖwkÿY mnvwqKvwU cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GB cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv cÖYq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv-
▪ wkÿv_©xi fvlv`ÿZv AR©b Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖwkÿK I wkÿ‡Ki `ÿZvi Dbœqb Kiv;
▪ wkÿv_©xi co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvi mvg_©¨ Dbœq‡b cÖwkÿK‡K AviI cvi`k©x K‡i †Zvjv;
▪ fvlv wkL‡b m¤ú~iK DcKiY e¨env‡ii †KŠkj Abykxjb Ki‡Z `ÿZv evov‡bv;
▪ evsjv wel‡q g~j¨vqb †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Kivi `ÿZv evov‡bv;
▪ cÖwkÿK‡K Kvh©Kifv‡e Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvq `ÿ K‡i †Zvjv|

Awa‡ekb KvVv‡gv
cÖwkÿY mnvwqKvq cÖ`Ë Awa‡ekb¸‡jv GKwU mywbw`©ó KvVv‡gvq web¨¯Í| cÖ_‡g w`b I Awa‡ekb b¤^i Gici
i‡q‡Q Awa‡ek‡bi wkLbdj| Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †h †KŠkj I c×wZ Ges DcKi‡Yi cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q
†m¸‡jv‡K wbw`©ó Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici wkLbd‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi we¯ÍvwiZ wb‡`©kbv
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi mgq †h-mKj Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e Zv Avjv`v i‡O e‡· Ave×
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Awa‡ekb †k‡l gv÷vi †UªBbviM‡Yi e¨w³MZ I mvgwóK djveZ©b cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM ivLv n‡q‡Q|
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvq cÖwkÿKM‡Yi AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb KiviI cÖ‡Póv †bIqv n‡q‡Q|

AskMÖnYg~jK Dcv`vb
evsjv wel‡qi cÖwkÿY‡K AskMÖnYg~jK Kivi Rb¨ eûwea cÖwkÿY †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mB me
cÖwkÿY c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖwkÿY mnvwqKvq D‡jøL K‡i Gi cwiPvjbvi bxwZ e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv P‚ovšÍ n‡jI Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GwU Db¥y³ ivLv n‡q‡Q| D‡Ïk¨ wVK †i‡L G Kvh©µg‡K AviI
djcÖm~ Dcv‡q AskxR‡bi Kv‡Q wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ c×wZ I †KŠk‡j cÖvmw½K ˆewPΨ Avbvi my‡hvM G cÖwkÿY
mnvwqKvq ivLv n‡q‡Q|

1|
 mÄxebx cÖwkÿY mnvwqKvi g¨vwUª·
µwgK welqe¯‘i wk‡ivbvg wkLbdj mgq c×wZ I †KŠkj DcKiY
b¤^i
1 cwiwPwZ, cÖwkÿ‡Yi ▪ ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡eb; 90 wgwbU †Rvovq KvR, Dc¯’vcb, cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ †jLv wcwcwU ¯øvBW,
D‡Ïk¨ ▪ cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; gvBÛ g¨vwcs, Av‡jvPbv| wbqgvewj m¤^wjZ PvU©, g~j¨vqbcÎ|
▪ cÖwkÿYc~e© g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb wbiƒcY Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
2 c~‡e©i cÖwkÿ‡Yi ▪ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji eZ©gvb Ae¯’v cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; 90 wgwbU †Rvovq KvR, Dc¯’vcb, cÖwkÿ‡Yi mvaviY DcKiY|
AwfÁZv wewbgq ▪ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji cvi`wk©Zv Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Av‡jvPbv, cÖ`k©b|
3 evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv ▪ covi †gŠwjK Dcv`vb ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; 105 wgwbU Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, wcwcwU ¯øvvBW, gvwëwgwWqv, wfc KvW©,
Kv‡R covi Dcv`v‡bi ▪ evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R covi Dcv`v‡bi cÖ‡qvM Abykxjb `jMZ KvR| wfwWI|
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
4 evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv ▪ evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z 60 wgwbU `jMZ KvR, †kÖwYKiY, †cv÷vi †ccvi, Mvg, Kg©cÎ|
Kv‡R wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq cvi‡eb Dc¯’vcb, Av‡jvPbv|
▪ evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq Abykxjb Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb
5 co‡Z †kLv I c‡o ▪ evsjv cvV¨cy¯Í‡K co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvi my‡hvM wPwýZ Ki‡Z 90 wgwbU cÖ‡kœvËi, cÖ`k©b, evsjv cvV¨cy¯ÍK (1g Ñ 5g †kÖwY),
†kLvq cvV¨cy¯ÍK I cvi‡eb; Dc¯’vcb, `jMZ KvR| evsjv wkÿK mnvwqKv (1g Ñ 5g
wkÿK mnvwqKvi Kvh©Ki ▪ wkÿK mnvwqKv e¨envi K‡i co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvi †KŠkj †kÖwY)
e¨envi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
6 evsjv wel‡q wkÿv_©xi ▪ wkÿv_©xi cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒc‡Yi Uzjm e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; 90 wgwbU cÖ‡kœvËi, Dc¯’vcb, `jMZ evsjv wel‡q g~j¨vqb wb‡`©wkKv (1g I
AMÖMwZ wbiƒcY ▪ wkÿv_©xi cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒcY †KŠkj Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| KvR| 2q †kÖwY), evsjv wkÿK mnvwqKv (1g
I 2q †kÖwY)
7 evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv ▪ evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R m¤ú~iK wkLb mvgMÖx e¨env‡ii 90 wgwbU AwfÁZv wewbgq, evsjv cvV¨cy¯ÍK (1g Ñ 5g †kÖwY),
Kv‡R m¤ú~iK wkLb my‡hvM e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; cÖ‡kœvËi, cÖ`k©b, evsjv wkÿK mnvwqKv (1g Ñ 5g
mvgMÖx e¨env‡ii my‡hvM ▪ evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R m¤ú~iK wkLb mvgMÖxi e¨envi Dc¯’vcb, `jMZ KvR, †kÖwY)
Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| wmgy¨‡jkb|
8 gy³ Av‡jvPbv I mgvcbx ▪ gy³ Av‡jvPbvq cÖwkÿY wel‡q wb‡Ri Awfe¨w³ ej‡Z 75 wgwbU gy³ Av‡jvPbv, e³…Zv| †Uwbm ej, g~j¨vqbcÎ|
cvi‡eb|

2|
 cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi c~‡e©
▪ ïiæ‡Z mswÿß cwim‡i RoZvf‡½i Rb¨ †Kv‡bv Avb›``vqK KvR Kiv;
▪ Z_¨vewj, wjd‡jU I cÖvmw½K mnvqK Z_¨ cov;
▪ Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvq mnvq‡Ki KiYxq As‡ki wb‡`©kbv Abyµg/ avc
Awa‡ekb †R‡b †bIqv;
cwiPvjbvKvixi ▪ e¨envh© DcKi‡Yi ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiv;
KiYxq ▪ ZvwjKv Abyhvqx DcKiY/Z_¨vw` ˆZwi I msMÖn Kiv;
▪ Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi avc Abyhvqx ch©vqµ‡g DcKiY mvwR‡q ivLv;
▪ Awa‡ekb Kÿ cwi”Qbœ I web¨¯Í Kiv;
▪ wd¬cPvU©, †evW©, cÖ‡R±imn Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY h_v¯’v‡b ¯’vcb Kiv;
▪ m`‡m¨i msL¨v Abyhvqx Avmb web¨vm Kiv|

Awa‡ekb PjvKvjxb
▪ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i aviYv/ AwfÁZv‡K e¨envi Kiv;
▪ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ej‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv;
▪ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i K_v g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kvbv;
▪ avc Abyhvqx Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbv Kiv;
▪ mK‡ji mv‡_ `„wó ms‡hvM K‡i K_v ejv;
▪ mg‡qi mبenvi Kiv;
▪ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖwZ mgvb ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv;
▪ wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ Awa‡ek‡bi KvR †kl Kiv;
▪ Awa‡ek‡b DÏxc‡Ki e¨e¯’v Kiv;
Awa‡ekb ▪ cÖwkÿYK‡ÿi wbqgvewj cÖwZcvj‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv;
cwiPvjbvKvixi ▪ evsjv wel‡qi cÖwkÿ‡Yi mvwe©K D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Kiv;
KiYxq ▪ cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ek‡bi wkLbdj I Kvh©vewji we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY Rvbv;
▪ cÖm‡½ †_‡K Awa‡ek‡bi g~j wel‡qi Ici ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv;
▪ cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i KvR¸‡jv‡K cÖ`k©‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv;
▪ `jMZ Kv‡Ri mgq cwiexÿY Kiv Ges g‡b Kiv †h cÖwkÿK wb‡RB `‡ji
GKRb m`m¨;
▪ mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv;
▪ `j wefvR‡bi Rb¨ AvKl©Yxq †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv;
▪ `j MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î mgZvi cªwZ ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv;
▪ cÖ‡Z¨K Kv‡R mK‡ji (bvix-cyiæl) AšÍf©yw³i my‡hvM ivLv;
▪ nvwmLywk _vKv I K_v ejvi mgq h_vh_ kvixwiK fvlv cÖ‡qvM Kiv;
▪ kªeY‡hvM¨ ¯^‡i PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejv|

3|
 Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi ci
Awa‡ekb ▪ cieZ©x w`‡bi Avmb web¨vm wVK Kiv;
cwiPvjbvKvixi ▪ DcKiY cieZ©x Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ ¸wQ‡q ivLv;
KiYxq ▪ Awa‡ekb m¤úwK©Z cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb K‡i KZ…©cÿ‡K AewnZ Kiv;
▪ cwiPvwjZ Awa‡ekb m¤ú‡K© ¯^-AbywPšÍb (Self-reflection) Kiv|

c~e©eZ©x w`‡bi Awa‡ekb ch©v‡jvPbv (wØZxq w`b †_‡K)

▪ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i `yBwU `‡j fvM Kiv;
▪ cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Rb¨ GKRb mnvqK‡K †g›Ui wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv;
Awa‡ekb ▪ AbywPšÍb Q‡Ki Av‡jv‡K AskMÖnYKvixi A¯úóZv (aviYvMZ I cÖv‡qvwMK)
cwiPvjbvKvixi Rvbv;
KiYxq ▪ cÖ‡kœvˇi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv;
▪ cieZ©x‡Z `ywU `j‡K GK‡Î AwfÁZvi wewbg‡qi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv;
▪ AbywPšÍb dig¸‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e msiÿY Kiv;
▪ †kl w`‡b cÖ‡Z¨K‡K AbywPšÍb cyw¯ÍKv AvKv‡i †diZ cÖ`vb Kiv|

4|
 cÖwkÿ‡Y e¨envh© DcKiY
mvaviY DcKiY
• cÖ‡R±i
• VIPP KvW©
• wcbcyk †evW©
• †cv÷vi †ccvi
• cvV cwiKíbv QK
• †nvqvBU †evW© I gvK©vi
• wd¬cPvU© ÷¨vÛ I wd¬cPvU©
• cykwcb, Wv÷vi, wb‡`©kK KvwV BZ¨vw`

gyw`ªZ DcKiY
• Z_¨cÎ
• e‡Y©i PvU©
• eY© KvW©
• evivÿwiK PvU©
• w`‡bi Kg©m~wP
• wbqgvewji PvU©
• cÖwkÿK `ÿZvi †PKwj÷
• Awa‡ekb ch©‡eÿY †PKwj÷
• cÖv_wgK¯Í‡ii evsjv cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki †mU
• cÖv_wgK¯Í‡ii cwigvwR©Z evsjv wkÿvµg
• evsjv wel‡qi wkÿK mnvwqKv I wkÿK ms¯‹iYmg~n

5|
 mÄxebx cÖwkÿ‡Y e¨eüZ c×wZ I †KŠkj
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gvb I mvg_©¨, mgq, c`gh©v`v/ Kv‡Ri aib/ Ae¯’vb‡f‡` cÖwkÿK‡K wewfbœ c×wZ ev †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i
cÖwkÿY w`‡Z nq| we‡kl K‡i welq I mg‡qi cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ m‡½ cÖwkÿY c×wZiI cwieZ©b n‡”Q| G Kvi‡Y cÖwkÿY
†KŠkj¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges cÖwkÿ‡Y Dchy³ †KŠkj wba©viY Kiv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wb‡P GB mnvwqKvq e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ggb
†KŠkj¸‡jv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

RoZvgy³KiY
cÖwkÿY Kg©kvjvq ïiæ‡Z `yB ai‡bi KvR Kiv nq| G¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
1| RoZvgy³KiY
2| DÏxcbvg~jK KvR
RoZvgy³KiY : AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ cwiwPZ nIqv Ges ms‡KvP KvwU‡q IVvi Rb¨ RoZvgy³Ki‡Yi wewfbœ Dcvq
Aej¤^b Kiv nq| G‡Z ¯^íZg mg‡qi g‡a¨ AskMÖnYKvixiv mvejxjfv‡e wb‡R‡`i‡K †Kv‡bv Kv‡R m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

DÏxcbvg~jK KvR : Giƒc Kvh©vewj‡K cÖ‡Yv`bvg~jK Abykxjb wn‡m‡eI AwfwnZ Kiv hvq| DÏxcbvg~jK welq cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j
mK‡ji g‡a¨ Drmvn, D‡`¨vM I DÏxcbvi m„wó nq| RZvgy³Ki‡Yi g‡Zv Gi cÖ‡qvM ïay ïiæ‡ZB mxgve× bq| cÖwkÿY PjvKv‡j
†h‡Kv‡bv Ae¯’vq Dc¯’vcb Kiv m¤¢e|

e¨vL¨vKiY
wkLb †kLv‡bv Ges cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡g e¨eüZ GKwU Avek¨Kxq †KŠkj n‡jv e¨vL¨vKiY| Gi A_© n‡jv wkÿv_©x‡`i I
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wbKU †Kv‡bv welq‡K D`vniYmn †evaMg¨ K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ we‡kølY Kivi †KŠkj| wkÿK †kÖwYK‡ÿ mwVK
I cÖvYešÍ D`vniYmn welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡j wkÿv_©xiv mn‡RB eyS‡Z I AvqË Ki‡Z mÿg nq| cÖwkÿ‡YI GB †KŠkj
mgvbfv‡e Kvh©Ki|

cÖkœKiY
†kÖwY‡Z ev †Kv‡bv Awa‡ek‡b cÖkœ Kivi Rb¨ cvi`k©x n‡Z nq| Zv bv n‡j Awa‡ekb wbivb›` n‡q c‡o| djkÖæwZ‡Z
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i `~iZ¡ †e‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖkœ Ki‡Z wKQz wbqg ev †KŠkj †g‡b Pj‡Z nq| †hgb Ñ
▪ mKj‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡e;
▪ cÖkœ wR‡Ám Kivi Av‡M D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`‡Z n‡e;
▪ welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© c~Y©v½ aviYv †`Iqvi ci cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡e;
▪ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i eqm I gvbwmK cwicK¡Zv we‡ePbv K‡i cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡e;
▪ cÖkœ Kivi ci DËi †`Iqvi Rb¨ hyw³msMZ mgq w`‡Z n‡e;
▪ cÖkœ Kivi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e AskMÖnYKvix weeªZ ev j¾v ev fq cv‡”Q wK bv;
▪ DËiwU mwVK n‡j Avcbvi cÖwZwµqv e¨³ Kiv evÃbxq| ejyb ÔGwU fv‡jvÕ, ÔAvwg GwU cQ›` KwiÕ, Ôfv‡jv
†Póv K‡i‡QbÕ A_ev Ôgv_v bvo–bÕ)| DËiwU cybive„wË Ki‡eb bv|

†¯œvewjs (Snowballing)
†¯œvewjs Abykxj‡b AskMÖnYKvix‡`i avivevwnKfv‡e †Kv‡bv welq wb‡q ch©vqµ‡g KvR Ki‡Z †`Iqv nq| cÖ_‡g GKKfv‡e,
Zvici †Rvovq I †QvU`‡j Ges cwi‡k‡l †cøbvwi‡Z|

weZK©
cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡g weZK© Av‡qvR‡bi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó welq wb‡q wewfbœ gZvgZ‡K k„•Ljvi m‡½ wbqš¿Y Kiv
Ges hyw³ w`‡q †Kv‡bv wel‡qi Mfx‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i ÔKx Kiv DwPZÕ A_ev ÔKx Ki‡Z n‡eÕ - †m m¤ú‡K© wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y mnvqZv
Kiv|

6|
†cøbvwi (Plenary) Av‡jvPbv
hLb †Kv‡bv K¬vm ev AwW‡Uvwiqv‡g me AskMÖnYKvix Dcw¯’Z _v‡K ZLb †mwU‡K †cøbvwi ejv nq| †cøbvwi Av‡jvPbv n‡jv mevi
Dcw¯’wZ‡Z hLb †Kv‡bv welq Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| wb¤œiƒc KwZcq welq GLv‡b Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y©-
▪ Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i Ici wfwË K‡i cÖkœ Kiv;
▪ wfbœ DËi‡K c‡ivÿfv‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i weZK© m„wó Kiv;
▪ gZvgZ‡K Ab¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i w`‡q P¨v‡jÄ Kiv‡bv;
▪ †hŠw³K wPšÍvi †ÿ·K we¯Í…Z Kiv;
▪ me‡k‡l gZvg‡Zi mvims‡ÿc Kiv|

wmgy‡jkb (Simulation)
wmgy‡jk‡bi AvwfavwbK A_© n‡jv QÙiƒc aviY| cÖwkÿ‡Y wmgy‡jkb‡K ÔmvRv‡bv †LjvÕ wnmv‡e A‡b‡KB AwfwnZ K‡ib| GB
c×wZ‡Z mivmwi †Kv‡bv cÖwkÿ‡Yi welq bv e‡j ev cÖ`vb bv K‡i mvRv‡bv †Kv‡bv cwiw¯’wZ m„wó K‡i cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi
†Póv Kiv nq| Gi gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ev¯Íe Rxe‡bi cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbvq Ávb, `ÿZv, †hvM¨Zv I AvPiwYK cwieZ©b
Avbq‡b mnvqZv K‡i| wmgy‡jkb n‡jv ev¯Íe cwiw¯’wZi m‡½ wgj †i‡L GKwU welq‡K mnRfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv| GB e¨e¯’vq
K…wÎg cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i cÖwkÿY †KŠkj AvqËKi‡Yi †Póv Kiv nq| cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡g GB †KŠkj eûj e¨eüZ|

`jMZ KvR
cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡g Ges †kÖwY Kv‡R `jMZ KvR GKwU Avek¨Kxq †KŠkj| G Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cvi¯úwiK aviYvi
Av`vb-cÖ`vb e„w× cvq| G‡Z mK‡ji gZvgZ †`Iqvi my‡hvM _v‡K weavq cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi aviYv e„w× cvq| `jMZ Kv‡R
GKRb Ab¨Rb‡K wkL‡Z I †kLv‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e †kÖwY‡Z ev cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡g `jMZ KvR Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ wKQz
welq we‡ePbv Kiv Avek¨K| †hgb Ñ
▪ `jMZ KvR ïiæi Av‡MB KiYxq m¤ú‡K© wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z n‡e;
▪ Ggbfv‡e `j MVb Ki‡Z n‡e †hb me ai‡bi AskMÖnYKvixi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ _v‡K;
▪ wb‡`©kbv hvPvB K‡i wb‡Z n‡e;
▪ Ggb †KŠk‡j `j wefvRb Ki‡Z n‡e †hb mgq AcPq bv nq;
▪ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ DcKiY weZiY Ki‡Z n‡e;
▪ mgq wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z n‡e;
▪ `‡j KvR Kivi mgq KvR gwbUwis Ki‡Z n‡e;
▪ `jMZ KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e;
▪ `jMZ Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbvi Av‡jv‡K Kv‡Ri mvims‡ÿc Ki‡Z n‡e|

gvB‡µv-wUwPs (Micro-teaching)
gvB‡µv-wUwPs GKwU wkÿK cÖwkÿY †KŠkj| GB c×wZ‡Z Aí msL¨K AskMÖnYKvix wb‡q †QvU `‡j cv‡Vi Ask we‡kl wb‡q
¯^í mg‡q cvV Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwZ `‡ji AskMÖnYKvixMY cv‡Vi †Kv‡bv GKwU Ask Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY
K‡ib Ges cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ GKRb‡K wkÿK wn‡m‡e wbe©vwPZ K‡ib| cvV Dc¯’vcb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY cv‡Vi mej w`K
I m¤¢ve¨ Dbœq‡bi †ÿθ‡jvi Dc‡i MVbg~jK djveZ©b cÖ`vb K‡ib|

KLbI KLbI gvB‡µv-wUwPs-Gi cvV Dc¯’vcb wfwWI †iKW© Kiv nq Ges †iKW©K…Z wfwWIwU Dc¯’vcbKvix‡K †`wL‡q Dbœq‡bi
†ÿθ‡jv wPwýZ Kiv nq| †mB Av‡jv‡K cybivq cvV cwiKíbv I Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| GB c×wZ e¨envi K‡i AskMÖnYKvix Aí
mg‡qi g‡a¨B cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi `ye©jZv `~i K‡i AviI `ÿ n‡q DV‡Z cv‡ib| gvB‡µv-wUwPs c×wZi wZbwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ˆewkó¨
n‡jvÑ gvB‡µv-†jmb, gvB‡µv-K¬vm I gvB‡µv-UvBg|

7|
gv‡K©U †cøm (Market Place)
GB †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g wkLb †kLv‡bv ev cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡g †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó welq wb‡q `jMZfv‡e wjwLZ ev gyw`ªZ †Kv‡bv Z_¨ mKj
AskMÖnYKvixi wbKU GKB mg‡q Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| mvaviYZ `jMZ gZvgZ †cv÷vi †ccv‡i, Kv‡W© ev wfRyqvj Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
gva¨‡g cÖ`k©b Kiv nq| †kÖwYKÿ ev cÖwkÿY K‡ÿi †`qv‡j ev †g‡S‡Z GwU cÖ`k©b Kiv nq| Gi D‡Ïk¨ wb¤œiƒcÑ
▪ wbw`©ó wel‡q gZvg‡Zi wfbœZv Rvbv Ges wb‡Ri aviYv‡K AviI mg„× Kiv,
▪ `jMZ aviYv Dc¯’vc‡b ˆewPΨ Avbv,
▪ Aí mg‡q mKj `‡ji Dc¯’vcb m¤úbœ Kiv|

†eªBb÷wg©s (Brainstorming)
GKv ev `jMZfv‡e †Kv‡bv KvR ev mgm¨v msµvšÍ welq wb‡q Db¥y³fv‡e wPšÍv cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g bZzb AvBwWqv ev cwiKíbv Luy‡R
†ei Kiv‡K ejv nq †eªBb÷wg©s| mvaviYfv‡e †eªBb÷wg©s ej‡Z gv_v LvUv‡bv, wPšÍvi So ev Av‡jvob eySvq| †Kvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
aviYv, mgm¨v ev Bmy¨ wb‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wKQy mgq (mvaviYZ 1-2 wgwbU) wPšÍv Ki‡Z ejv nq| c‡i Zv‡`i aviYv e‡j ev
wj‡L cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM †`Iqv nq| wkÿv_©x‡K GKK ev `jxqfv‡e KvR K‡i, wPšÍv K‡i mgvav‡bi c_ LyuR‡Z nq| mgvavb mwVK
ev fyj †nvK, m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK hv-B †nvK Zv wb‡q mgvav‡bi c‡_ GwM‡q wb‡q hvq| wkÿv_©xi wPšÍv Kivi GB cÖwµqv‡K gv_v
LvUv‡bv e‡j| G †KŠkj cwiPvjbvi mgq cÖwkÿK ev wkÿK‡K `ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bxwZ †g‡b Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq| bxwZ `ywU
n‡”Q mK‡ji gZvgZ bv cvIqv ch©šÍ wm×všÍ †bIqv †_‡K weiZ _vKv Ges `j †_‡K AwaK msL¨K aviYv †ei K‡i Avbv| G
cÖwµqvq cÖvß aviYvmg~‡ni ZvwjKv cwi‡kvab cÖwµqvq cwigvR©b Kiv hvq|

gvBÛ g¨vwcs (Mind-Mapping)

†h cÖwµqvq †Kv‡bv g~j aviYv †_‡K µgvMZ Dcavivq A_©c~Y© Ges †hŠw³K KvVv‡gv †g‡b we‡kølY Kiv nq Zv‡K gvBÛ g¨vwcs
e‡j| gvBÛ g¨vwcs †KŠkj‡K gvBÛ g¨vcI ejv n‡q _v‡K| gvBÛ g¨vwcs †KŠk‡j AskMÖnYKvixMY GKK, †Rvovq A_ev
`jxqfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i mnvq‡Ki cwiKíbvi Ici|

f‚wgKvwfbq
Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g †Kvb cvV¨welq Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖwµqvB n‡jv f~wgKvwfbq †KŠkj| †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g ˆewPΨ
Avbq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨B G c×wZi D™¢e| G c×wZ cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡gI e¨envi Kiv nq| GB Kv‡Ri mgq cÖwkÿK wb‡RI
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i m‡½ Awfbq Ki‡Z cv‡ib wKsev wZwb wb‡`©kbv I e¨e¯’vcbvi AšÍiv‡j _vK‡Z cv‡ib| wkÿYxq welq bvU‡K
iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡`i w`‡q Awfbq Kiv‡j H welq m¤ú©‡K ¯úó aviYv Rb¥vq| myZivs Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©‡`i
g‡a¨ H welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© my¯úó I cÖZ¨ÿ aviYv R‡b¥| Kvh©Ki f~wgKvwfb‡q wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq Ñ
▪ welqe¯‘ wba©viY,
▪ PwiÎ my¯úó Ki‡Z `„k¨cU ev Kvwnwb wPÎ cÖYqb,
▪ `jxq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wewfbœ Pwi‡Î Awf‡bZv wbev©Pb,
▪ K‡_vcK_‡bi fvlv, †gŠwLK Awfe¨w³ I kvixwiK fvlvi w`K¸‡jvi cÖwZ wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb;
▪ Awfbq cwiPvjbv,
▪ djveZ©b cÖ`vb (wkÿK-wkÿv_x©i AskMÖn‡Y),
▪ g~j wkÿYxq welq wkÿv_x©i wbKU †_‡K Av`vq|

wRMÕm (Jigsaw)
GB †KŠkj n‡jv mn‡hvwMZvg~jK ev AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ| GB c×wZ‡Z †eªBb÷wg©s Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g GKwU
welqe¯‘‡K wbe©vPb K‡i 4/5 fv‡M wef³ Ki‡Z nq| AskMÖnYKvix‡`iI mgmsL¨K `‡j fvM Ki‡Z nq| cÖwZwU `‡ji m`m¨‡`i
wbe©vwPZ welqe¯‘i Ask c‡o Ges Av‡jvPbv K‡i GKwU e¯‘wbf©i mvivsk ˆZwi Kivi wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv nq| Gici GKwU bZzb
`j MVb Ki‡Z nq| †Lqvj ivL‡Z nq †hb c~‡e© MwVZ `j †_‡K GKRb K‡i AskMÖnYKvix cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j _v‡Kb| AZtci
AskMÖnYKvixMY bZzb `‡j GKRb Ab¨Rb‡K c~‡e©i welqe¯‘i Av‡jvPbv m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib| c~‡e©i `‡j wd‡i wM‡q
mvgwMÖK ev c~Y©v½ aviYv cÖ`vb K‡ib|

8|
 cÖwkÿY m~wP
cÖ_g w`b

Awa‡ekb mgq welqe¯‘

09:00-09:30 †iwR‡÷ªkb
1 09:30-11:00 cwiwPwZ, cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨
11:00-11:30 Pv weiwZ
2 11:30-01:00 c~‡e©i cÖwkÿ‡Yi AwfÁZv wewbgq
01:00-02:00 ga¨vý weiwZ
3 02:00-03:45 evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R covi Dcv`v‡bi cÖ‡qvM
03:45-04:00 Pv weiwZ
4 04:00-05:00 evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq

wØZxq w`b

Awa‡ekb mgq welqe¯‘

09:00-09:30 c~e© w`‡bi ch©v‡jvPbv
1 09:30-11:00 co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvq cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKvi Kvh©Ki e¨envi
11:00-11:30 Pv weiwZ
2 11:30-01:00 evsjv wel‡q wkÿv_©xi AMÖMwZ hvPvB
01:00-02:00 ga¨vý weiwZ
3 02:00-03:30 evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R m¤ú~iK wkLb mvgMÖx e¨env‡ii my‡hvM
03:30-03:45 Pv weiwZ
4 03:45-05:00 gy³ Av‡jvPbv I mgvcbx

9|
 cÖ_g w`b
cÖ_g Awa‡ekb : cwiwPwZ, cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨

mgq : 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU

wkLbdj : Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

1. ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡eb;
2. cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
3. cÖwkÿYc~e© g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

c×wZ I †KŠkj : †Rvovq KvR, Dc¯’vcb, gvBÛ g¨vwcs, Av‡jvPbv|

DcKiY : cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ †jLv wcwcwU ¯øvBW, wbqgvewj m¤^wjZ PvU©, g~j¨vqbcÎ|

KvR Ñ 1 : ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ cwiwPZ nIqv mgq : 30 wgwbU

mnvq‡Ki KiYxq
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i m‡½ Kzkj wewbgq Kiæb Ges cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ mnvqK cwi‡ek m„wó Kiæb| GB
Awa‡ek‡b †Kvb †Kvb welq wb‡q KvR Kiv n‡e Zv wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K D‡jøL Kiæb|
• mswÿß †KŠk‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡`i †Rvov wgwj‡q wb‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb| cÖwZ †Rvov‡K cvkvcvwk e‡m
c~‡e© MÖnY Kiv evsjv cÖwkÿY †_‡K GKwU fv‡jvjvMv I GKwU A¯úó welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
ejyb| Gici †Rvovq G‡K Ac‡ii bvg, c`we I Kg©¯’j †R‡b wb‡Z Ges fv‡jvjvMvi I A¯úó welqwU
ej‡Z ejyb|
• wb‡R A_ev GKRb AskMÖnYKvixi mnvqZvq †nvqvBU †ev‡W© ev wd¬cPv‡U© `yBwU Kjv‡g Zv †jLvi e¨e¯’v
Kiæb|
• Dc¯’vcb †k‡l welq¸‡jv co–b I mKj‡K ab¨ev` cÖ`vb Kiæb|

KvR Ñ 2 : cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ e¨³ Kiv mgq : 45 wgwbU

mnvq‡Ki KiYxq
• cvi¯úwiK Av‡jvPbvq cÖYxZ ZvwjKv †_‡K GB cÖwkÿY †_‡K Avgiv Kx cÖZ¨vkv Kwi Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z
ejyb| Zv‡`i fvebvi Ici wfwË K‡i welq wba©viY Kiæb Ges Zv GKRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K
ZvrÿwYKfv‡e †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb|
• cwiPq c‡e© Ggb A¯úó welq bv Avm‡jI hw` cÖvmw½K Av‡jvPbvq †Kv‡bv welq G‡m hvq ZvI wjwce×
Kivi e¨e¯’v wbb| †jLv †kl n‡j Zv cÖwkÿY K‡ÿ cÖ`k©b Kivi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiæb|
• Gici AskMÖnYKvix‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ evsjv wel‡qi mÄxebx cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges
cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖZ¨vkvi mv‡_ D‡Ï‡k¨i ms‡hvM mvab Kiæb|
• GKRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ Zv c‡o †kvbv‡Z ejyb|

10 |
 cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨

▪ evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bvi DËg-PP©v cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cviv

▪ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvi †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv
▪ fvlv wkL‡b m¤ú~iK DcKiY e¨env‡ii †KŠkj Abkxjb Ki‡Z cviv
▪ evsjv wel‡q wkLbKvjxb g~j¨vqb †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv
▪ cvVcwiKíbv AbymiY K‡i cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cviv|
• c~‡e© ˆZwi Kiv cÖwkÿY PjvKv‡j Kx wbqg †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e Zvi cÖwkÿYK‡ÿi Ggb ¯’v‡b Uvwb‡q ivLyb
†hb mK‡j GwU †`L‡Z cvb|

cÖwkÿYK‡ÿ cvjbxq wbqgvewj

▪ mgq †g‡b Pjv
▪ g‡bv‡hvMx nIqv
▪ cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡j nvZ †Zvjv
▪ cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejv
▪ `jMZ Kv‡R mwµq AskMÖnY Kiv
▪ A‡b¨i K_v ejvi mgq K_v bv ejv
▪ †Kv‡bv welq bv eyS‡j wbtm‡¼v‡P Rvb‡Z PvIqv
▪ cÖwkÿY K‡ÿi cwi‡ek cwi”Qbœ ivLv
▪ cÖwkÿY PjvKvjxb †bgKvW© e¨envi Kiv
▪ †gvevBj †dvb mvB‡j›U †gv‡W ivLv

KvR Ñ 3: cÖwkÿYc~e© g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb Rvbv mgq : 15 wgwbU

mnvq‡Ki KiYxq
• cÖwkÿYc~e© g~j¨vqb K_vwU †ev‡W© wjLyb| ejyb †h, Avgiv cÖv_wgK welqwfwËK cÖwkÿ‡Yi KZUzKz aviYv
wb‡q cÖwkÿ‡Y G‡mwQ †mUv Rvb‡Z cÖvK-g~j¨vq‡b AskMÖnY Kie|
• AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GKwU K‡i g~j¨vqb wmU cÖ`vb Kiæb| cÖ‡kœi wb‡P duvKv RvqMvq DËi
wjL‡Z n‡e| g~j¨vqb wkU weZi‡Yi ci †_‡K 10 wgwbU mgq wba©viY K‡i w`b|
• mKj‡K g~j¨vqb wkU weZiY Kiæb| wba©vwiZ mgq †k‡l DËicÎ MÖnY Kiæb Ges Aemi mg‡q Zv
g~j¨vqb K‡i b¤^i cÖ`vb Kiæb| b¤^imn DËicÎ msiÿY Kiæb|

11 |
 g~j¨vqb wmU
AskMÖnYKvixi bvg : .............................................................. †iwR‡÷ªkb b¤^i : ....................

c~Y©gvb Ñ 10 mgq Ñ 10 wgwbU

mwVK Dˇi wUK wPý w`b|

1| ms‡KwZK wPý¸‡jv‡K eY© wnmv‡e wP‡b kã ev k㸇jv D”PviY Ki‡Z cviv n‡”Q-
(K) †evaMg¨Zv (L) wW‡KvwWs
(M) co‡Z †kLv (N) c‡o †kLv
2| Kjg kãwU †_‡K K aŸwb‡K Avjv`v Kiv‡K e‡j Ñ
(K) eY© wPwýZKiY (L) kã kbv³KiY
(M) aŸwb wPwýZKiY (N) aŸwb wgjKiY
2| c‡o †kLvi wfwË wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
(K) ï‡b ejv (L) †gŠwLK fvlv
(M) K_¨ fvlv (N) wjwLZ fvlv
3| wkÿK †kÖwYK‡ÿ ÔKÕ e‡Y©i m‡½ v-Kvi I w -Kvi wgjKiY K‡i †`Lv‡”Qb| cVb wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †Kvb KvRwU
m¤úwK©Z?
(K) aŸwb I eY© wgjKiY (L) eY© I KviwPý wgjKiY
(M) KviwPý wgjKiY (N) eY© wgjKiY
4| wØZxq †kÖwYi wkÿv_x© wigv evsjv cvV¨ eB †_‡K k‡ãi A_© kbv³ K‡i evavnxbfv‡e co‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î wigv GKRb
(K) Amvejxj cvVK (L) mie cvVK
(M) mvaviY cvVK (N) mvejxj cvVK
5| wb‡Pi †Kvb †ÿÎwU Mí cov‡bvi mgq c~e©vbygvb I cÖ‡kœvˇii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?
(K) eY©Ávb (L) †evaMg¨Zv
(M) cVb mvejxjZv (N) kãfvÐvi
6| ivwdRv me eY© †P‡b wKš‘ ïaygvÎ v-Kvi I †-Kvi wW‡KvW Ki‡Z cv‡i| †m wb‡Pi †Kvb evK¨wU co‡Z cvi‡e?
(K) †Zvgvi †cbwmj Av‡Q (L) mv_xi NyOzi Av‡Q
(M) Avgvi Kjg Av‡Q (N) gvwSi †bŠKv Av‡Q
7| B e‡Y©i aŸwb m‡PZbZvi Rb¨ †Kvb k㸔Q e¨envi Ki‡eb?
(K) Bwjk, KB, eB, (L) BU, Ue, Kjm
(M) Ue, evBP, eB (N) Bwjk, evBP, eB
8| evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R m¤ú~iK cVb mvgMÖxi D`vniY n‡jv-
(K) cvV¨eB (L) wkÿK mnvwqKv
(M) M‡íi eB (N) cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj
9| wkÿv_x©i cVb AMÖMwZ wbiæc‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv-
(K) KZUzKz cVb `ÿZv AR©b K‡i‡Q Zv Rvbv (L) KZ b¤^i †c‡q‡Q Zv Rvbv
(M) ïay wW‡KvW Ki‡Z cv‡i Kx bv Zv †`Lv (N) wkÿ‡Ki cvi`wk©Zvi gvb wbiƒcY Kiv
10| ÔPÕ eY© †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ wkÿK cÖ_‡g ÔPÔ e‡Y©i KvW© †`wL‡q aŸwb e‡jb| Gici wkÿv_©xiv wkÿ‡Ki m‡½ ÔPÕ eY©wUi aŸwb
GKm‡½ D”PviY K‡i| me‡k‡l ïay wkÿv_x©iv ÔPÕ e‡Y©i aŸwb ejvi PP©v K‡i| GLv‡b wkÿK wkLb †kLv‡bvii †ÿ‡Î
wb‡Pi †Kvb †KŠkjwU cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb?
(K) Avgiv Kwi, Avwg Kwi, Zzwg Ki (L) Avwg Kwi, Zzwg Ki, Avgiv Kwi
(M) Avwg Kwi, Zzwg Ki, Avgiv Kwi (N) Avwg Kwi, Avgiv Kwi, Zzwg Ki

12 |
 cÖ_g w`b
wØZxq Awa‡ekb : c~‡e©i cÖwkÿ‡Yi AwfÁZv wewbgq

mgq : 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU

wkLbdj : Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

1. wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji eZ©gvb Ae¯’v cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
2. wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji Kvw•ÿZ cvi`wk©Zv Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

c×wZ I †KŠkj : †Rvovq KvR, Dc¯’vcb, Av‡jvPbv, cÖ`k©b|

DcKiY : cÖwkÿ‡Yi mvaviY DcKiY|

KvR Ñ 1 : wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji eZ©gvb Ae¯’v cÖ`k©b Kiv mgq : 30 wgwbU
mnvq‡Ki KiYxq
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i †PvL eÜ K‡i wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K GK wgwbU fve‡Z ejyb|
- cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii evsjv wel‡qi †Kvb welqe¯‘ †kÖwYK‡ÿ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z wM‡q Avcbvi fv‡jv
†j‡M‡Q ?
- †Kb †j‡M‡Q ?
- cvV`v‡b Avcwb Kx K‡iwQ‡jb ?
- fvlvwfwËK †Kvb †Kvb KvR Avcwb m¤úbœ K‡iwQ‡jb ?
- wkÿv_©xiv Kx KvR K‡iwQj ?
- Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb KiwQ‡jb ? BZ¨vw`
• mKj‡K †PvL Lyj‡Z ejyb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wbKU †_‡K Zv Rvb‡Z †Póv Kiyb|
• AZtci GKRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K Zvi we‡ePbvq †h cvVwU mdj e‡j g‡b K‡ib Zv 10 wgwb‡Ui
g‡a¨ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z ejyb|
• evKx mKj‡K wbw`©ó †kÖwYi wkÿv_©xi f~wgKvq _vK‡Z ejyb|
• cÖ`k©b †k‡l wkÿK‡K ab¨ev` w`b Ges wb¤œwjwLZ bgybv cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K cvVwU †Kgb n‡q‡Q Zv
ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb|
- Kxfv‡e Kzkj wewbgq K‡i‡Qb?
- cvV Dc¯’vc‡b wkÿK Kx KvR K‡i‡Qb?
- Avcwb n‡j Kx Ki‡Zb?
- cvV Abykxj‡b wkÿv_©x‡`i Kx Kx KvR Ki‡Z w`‡q‡Qb?
- Avcwb n‡j Kx Ki‡Zb?
- wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb AMÖMwZ Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q?
- Avcwb n‡j Kx Ki‡Zb?
• cvVwU‡K AviI fv‡jv Kivi Rb¨ Kx Kiv †hZ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Zv kbv³ Ki‡Z ejyb|
mKj‡K Zv Abymi‡Yi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbvb|

13 |
KvR Ñ 2 : wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji Kvw•ÿZ cvi`wk©Zv Abykxjb Kiv mgq : 60 wgwbU

mnvq‡Ki KiYxq
• jUvwii gva‡g wbe©vwPZ A_ev AvMÖnx GKRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K ch©v‡jvwPZ wewfbœ w`‡K †Lqvj †i‡L H
cvV ev Abyiƒc AviI GKwU cvV cÖ`k©b Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbvb|
• G ch©v‡q 4-6 AskMÖnYKvix‡K ch©‡eÿ‡Ki f~wgKvq †i‡L Ab¨‡`i wkÿv_©x wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Kiyb|
• wb‡Pi cÖ`Ë ch©‡eÿY Q‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ch©‡eÿY wjwce× Ki‡Z ejyb Ges QKwU mKj‡K eywS‡q w`‡q
ch©‡eÿK‡`i wbKU weZiY Kiæb A_ev QKwU †cv÷v‡i eo K‡i wj‡L cÖwkÿY K‡ÿi Ggb ¯’v‡b
UvwO‡q ivLyb †hb mK‡j Zv †`L‡Z cvb|
• ch©‡eÿK‡`i cÖwkÿY K‡ÿi wfbœ wfbœ RvqMvq e‡m ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e Zv ejyb

cvV ch©‡eÿY †PKwj÷

wkÿ‡Ki bvg :.......................................... cv‡Vi welq : .......................................

wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj :

ch©vq wkÿK †h KvR K‡i‡Qb Avcwb n‡j hv Ki‡Zb

Kzkj wewbgq
Av‡eM m„wó
Qwe cÖ`k©b
wkÿ‡Ki cvV
wkÿv_©xi Abykxjb

fvlvwfwËK KvR
Abykxjb

g~j¨vqb

gšÍe¨ (hw` _v‡K)

• wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wkÿK‡K AvnŸvb Rvbvb

• wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv †k‡l ch©‡eÿY Q‡Ki Av‡jv‡K feedback cÖ`vb Kiæb

14 |
 • cvV¨eB ‡_‡K D`vniYmn wb‡Pi Z_¨ cÖ`vb Kiæb
we‡kl Z_¨
▪ wkÿv_©x‡`i fvlv`ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨B evsjv wel‡qi cvV cwiPvwjZ nq|
▪ fvlv`ÿZv e„w×i cvkvcvwk welqe¯‘MZ Z_¨I wkÿv_©x‡`i cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
▪ evsjv wel‡qi cvV wkÿvµ‡g D‡jøwLZ wkLbd‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i cwiKwíZ n‡Z n‡e|
▪ †Kv‡bv †kÖwY‡Z mvgwMÖKfv‡e †hmKj g~j¨vqb-c` wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q cÖ‡Z¨KwU cv‡V mKj
g~j¨vqb †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
▪ wkÿK‡K evsjv wel‡qi cv‡V (mKj cv‡Vi †ÿ‡ÎB cÖ‡hvR¨) ï×fv‡e ejvi Ici ¸iæZ¡
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|

• mKj‡K ab¨ev` cÖ`vb Kiæb|

15 |
 cÖ_g w`b
Z…Zxq Awa‡ekb : evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R covi Dcv`v‡bi cÖ‡qvM

mgq: 1 N›Uv 45 wgwbU

wkLbdj : Awa‡ekb ‡k‡l AskMªnYKvixMY-

1. covi †gŠwjK Dcv`vb ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
2. evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R covi Dcv`v‡bi cÖ‡qvM Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

c×wZ I †KŠkj: Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, `jMZ KvR|

DcKiY: wcwcwU ¯øvvBW, gvwëwgwWqv, wfc KvW©, wfwWI|

KvR Ñ 1 : covi †gŠwjK Dcv`vb ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv mgq : 30 wgwbU

• Awa‡ekb ïiæi Av‡MB AskMÖnYKvix‡`i `‡j emvi e¨e¯’v Kiæb| ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv
covi 5wU Dcv`vb ch©v‡jvPbv Kie|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡b Kwi‡q w`b, evsjv cÖwkÿ‡Y Avgiv Ôcov ev cVbÕ Kx †m wel‡q †R‡bwQjvg|
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ÔcovÕ-i `ywU Ask Kx Kx Zv wR‡Ám Kiæb|
m¤¢ve¨ DËi : wW‡KvwWs Ges †evaMg¨Zv|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb, KvM‡R †jLv welq cv‡Vv×vi Ki‡Z cviv n‡”Q wW‡KvwWs| Avi GB †jLvi
A_© D×vi Ki‡Z cvivB n‡”Q †evaMg¨Zv| Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q covi Dcv`vb KqwU I Kx
Kx Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb|
• AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K ejyb †h, covi 5wU †gŠwjK Dcv`v‡bi cÖ_g 2wU Dcv`vb A_©vr aŸwb m‡PZbZv
I eY©Ávb cv‡Vv×vi ev wW‡KvwWs‡q mnvqZv K‡i Ges evwK 3wU Dcv`vb A_©vr kãÁvb, cVb
mvejxjZv I †evaMg¨Zv A_© eyS‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| †jLvi m‡½ covi m¤úK© Lye Mfxi|
• Gevi ms‡ÿ‡c cy‡iv Awa‡ek‡bi mvi-ms‡ÿc Zz‡j aiæb| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j mnvqK
Z‡_¨ cÖ`Ë 3.1 Gi Av‡jv‡KZvi DËi w`b Ges mKj‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv
Kiæb|

KvR Ñ 2 : evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R covi Dcv`v‡bi cÖ‡qvM Abykxjb Kiv mgq : 75 wgwbU
mnvq‡Ki KiYxq
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 5wU `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j GKwU K‡i †Km cÖ`vb Kiæb| `jMZ
Av‡jvPbv K‡i cÖ‡Z¨KwU †Km wb‡Pi cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY K‡i cvV`v‡bi mwVK †KŠkj cwiKíbv
Ki‡Z ejyb| mgq 10 wgwbU e‡j w`b|
- covi †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi PP©vi Rb¨ cvV`vb †KŠkj MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q?

16 |
 - GB Dcv`v‡bi cvV`vb †kÖwY‡Z Kxfv‡e Pj‡Q?
- Gi mej w`K I Dbœq‡bi †ÿθ‡jv Kx?
- cvV‡K Kvh©Kifv‡e Dc¯’vc‡bi Avi Kx Kiv hvq?
- GB cvVwU Avcwb Kxfv‡e †kÖwY‡Z Dc¯’cvb Ki‡eb?
• cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqK Z_¨ †_‡K mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiæb|
• cwiKíbv MÖnY †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K jUvwii gva¨‡g wbe©vwPZ wkÿK‡K cvVwUi wba©vwiZ KvRwU
wmgy‡jmb K‡i †`Lv‡Z ejyb|
• wmgy‡jmb †k‡l GB Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ cÖYxZ mswkøó wfwWI cÖ`k©b K‡i Gi e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
• cÖ‡Z¨KwU cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi ci cÖ‡kœvˇi covi Dcv`v‡bi cyiv‡jvPbv Kiæb| ms‡ÿ‡c cy‡iv
Awa‡ek‡bi mvi-ms‡ÿc Dc¯’vcb †k‡l mKj‡K ab¨ev` w`b|

17 |
 mnvqK Z_¨ Ñ 3.1

cov/cVb (Reading) ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?

wewfbœ mvs‡KwZK wPý¸‡jv‡K wPb‡Z cvivi gva¨‡g cv‡Vv×vi Ki‡Z cviv Ges Gi A_© eyS‡Z cvivB n‡”Q
cov| cov ev cvV Kiv n‡”Q GKwU eûgyLx c«wµqv hvi m‡½ RwoZ Av‡Q eY© I kã wPb‡Z cviv, k‡ãi A_©
eyS‡Z cviv, mvejxjZv AR©b Ges m¤ú~Y© cvVwUi A_© Dcjwä Ki‡Z cviv|

covi `yBwU Ask Ñ

➢ ms‡KwZK wPý¸‡jv‡K eY© wn‡m‡e wPb‡Z cvivi gva¨‡g kã ev k㸇jv D”PviY Ki‡Z cviv, hv‡K
ejv nq cv‡Vv×vi (Decoding)|
➢ wjwLZ k㸇jvi A_© eyS‡Z cvivi gva¨‡g m¤ú~Y© cvVwUi A_© Dcjwä Ki‡Z cviv, hv‡K ejv nq
†evaMg¨Zv (Understanding)|

co‡Z †kLvi m‡½ c‡o †kLvi m¤úK©

co‡Z †kLv (learn to read) c‡o †kLv (read to learn)

• co‡Z cvivi Av‡M Ges covi mg‡qi cÖ‡PóvB • co‡Z †kLvi c‡ii avcB n‡jv c‡o †kLv| covi
n‡jv co‡Z †kLv| †hgb, aŸwb I eY© wPwýZ gva¨‡g A_© †evSvi cÖ‡PóvB GLv‡b gyL¨|
Ki‡Z cviv, Kvi-wPý I djv wP‡ýi e¨envi • c‡o †kLvi †ÿ‡Î eo‡`i mnvqZv me mgq
Rvbv, kãvsk I kã cov BZ¨vw`| cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
• co‡Z †kLvq e‡ov‡`i mnvqZv cÖ‡qvRb| • c‡o †kLvi wfwË n‡jv wjwLZ fvlv|
• co‡Z †kLvi wfwË n‡jv ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b • c‡o †kLv co‡Z †kLvi Ici wbf©ikxj|
e¨eüZ fvlv| • c‡o †kLv wkÿv_©x‡K ¯^vaxb cvV‡K cwiYZ K‡i|
• co‡Z †kLv covi cuvPwU Dcv`v‡bi Ici
wbf©ikxj|
• co‡Z †kLv wkÿv_©x‡K ¯^vaxb cvVK n‡Z
mnvqZv K‡i|

covi †gŠwjK Dcv`vb

➢ aŸwb m‡PZbZv
➢ eY©Ávb
➢ kãÁvb
➢ cVb mvejxjZv
➢ †evaMg¨Zv

18 |
 mnvqK Z_¨ Ñ 3.2
†Km Ñ 1
wibv myjZvbv cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z evsjv covb| AvR wZwb K eY© wb‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ †kÖwYKvh©µg cwiPvjbv
Ki‡eb| Zvi K¬vmwU ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ cÖavb wkÿK AvR †kÖwY‡Z Dcw¯’Z n‡q‡Qb|
wibv myjZvbv cÖ_‡gB wkÿv_©x‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i Qwei mv‡_ wgj K‡i wb‡¤œ cÖ`Ë evK¨ `ywU Qovi g‡Zv
K‡i ej‡jb| Kj †_‡K Rj c‡o LB LvI gRv K‡i| Gici evK¨ `ywU cÖ`k©b K‡i wibv myjZvbv wb‡R
GKevi K‡i †`Lv‡jb| Zvici wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ wb‡q K‡qKevi mwVK D”Pvi‡Y ej‡jb| Zvici wkÿv_©x‡`i
ej‡Z ej‡jb| Gici wkÿK Kj kãwU wb‡`©k K‡i D”PviY Ki‡jb Ges Kj kãwU aŸwb wefvRb K‡i K Gi
aŸwb D”PviY Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡jb| K w`‡q Avi wK wK kã n‡Z cv‡i Zv wkÿv_©x‡`i Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb|
G ch©v‡q wibv myjZvbv K aŸwb Av‡Q Ggb kã (K`g, eK, mKj) Ges K †bB Ggb kã (Avg, †jey, gwiP)
e‡j K aŸwb kbv‡³i †Ljv cwiPvjbv Ki‡jb| †Ljv cwiPvjbvi mgqI wkÿK wb‡R GKevi †`wL‡q w`‡q‡Qb|
Zvici wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ wb‡q Abykxjb K‡i wb‡`©kbv †gvZv‡eK Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb|

†Km Ñ 2
Avwgb DwÏb GKwU we`¨vj‡qi cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z evsjv wel‡q cvV`vb K‡ib| wZwb Av‡Mi wcwiq‡W P, Q, R, S,
T eY©¸‡jv wb‡q cvV cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb| AvR Av-Kvi ( v ) wPý wb‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i aviYv w`‡eb|
Avwgb DwÏb †kÖwYi cÖ¯‘wZg~jK KvR †kl K‡i †ev‡W© Av eY©wU wj‡L‡Qb| Zvici eY©wUi bvg wR‡Ám K‡i Gi
D”PviY Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb| Gevi wkÿK K Gi mv‡_ Av-Kvi (v) hy³ n‡q Kx D”PviY n‡e Zv e‡j‡Qb| wkÿK
†ev‡W© KwZcq eY© (L M N P) eY© wj‡L‡Qb| GB e‡Y©i mv‡_ Av-Kvi (v) hy³ n‡j Kxfv‡e D”PvwiZ nq Zv
K‡qKevi Abykxjb Kwi‡q‡Qb| cvV¨eB‡qi KvK kãwU cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Qb| †ev‡W© wkÿK evbvb K‡i Kxfv‡e
KvK kãwU D”PvwiZ nq Zv e‡j‡Qb| aŸwb †Rvov w`‡q D”PviY Kivi Abykxjb Kwi‡q‡Qb| wkÿv_©x‡`i `j
MVb K‡i cÖwZ `‡j KvKv, PvPv, KvPv, KvP, MvQ, KvMR BZ¨vw` (ïaygvÎ Av-Kvi hy³ kã) kã KvW© w`‡q
k‡ãi D”PviY Abykxjb Ki‡Z I Zv wbR wbR LvZvq/IqK©ey‡K wjL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb|

†Km Ñ 3
GKwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi mnKvix wkÿK AvuwL wek^vm| wkÿK wn‡e‡m wZwb bZzb wb‡qvM †c‡q‡Qb| wZwb
wØZxq †kÖwYi evsjv wel‡q cvV`vb Ki‡Qb| H we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK cvV`v‡b mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ AvR Zvi
K¬vm ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Qb|
AvuwL wek^vm wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ Kzkj wewbgq Ki‡jb| AvR‡Ki cvV cqjv ˆekvL| wZwb wkÿv_©x‡`i AvOzj
w`‡q cv‡Vi kã a‡i a‡i AskUzKz 2/3 evi c‡o †kvbv‡jb| c‡i wkÿK mKj wkÿv_©x‡K covi mg‡q †QvU
†QvU cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g cv‡V AMÖmi n‡jb| Gici wZwb GKKfv‡e co‡Z w`‡jb| wKš‘ wkÿv_©xiv covi mgq
Av‡gR, †kvfvhvÎv, mvsevw`K BZ¨vw` k㸇jv D”PviY Ki‡jI wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Q Gi A_© Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb|
wkÿK ej‡jb Ñ k‡ãi A_© AvMvgxw`b ej‡ev| wkÿv_©xiv ci¯ú‡ii gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q _vK‡jv|

†Km Ñ 4

19 |
†mv‡njx cvifxb 14 eQi hveZ mnKvix wkÿK wn‡m‡e cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q KvR Ki‡Qb| wZwb B‡Zvc~‡e© evsjv
welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY wb‡q‡Qb| wZwb wkÿv_©x‡`i evsjv wel‡q cvV`vb K‡ib| AvR wØZxq †kÖwYi evsjv wel‡q
MÖvg I kni cvVwU Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ wZwb †kÖwY‡Z wM‡q‡Qb|
wZwb cÖ_‡g wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ Kzkj wewbgq Ki‡jb| Zvici cv‡Vi Qwe wb‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ wewfbœfv‡e
ch©v‡jvPbvq Ask wb‡q cv‡Vi wk‡ivbvg wjL‡jb| Gici covi mv‡_ mv‡_ K‡qKwU k‡ãi A_©, D”PviY, e‡j
w`‡jb| Zvici cvV¨vskwU wbw`©ó MwZ‡Z, mwVK D”Pvi‡Y Ges hwZ-wPý AbymiY K‡i Awfe¨w³i gva¨‡g c‡o
w`‡jb| Gici wZwb wb‡q mg¯^‡i I mv‡_ wb‡q Abykxjb Kiv‡jb| c‡i wkÿv_©x‡`i `jMZfv‡e †ek K‡qKevi
covi my‡hvM ˆZwi Ki‡jb| A_© kbv³ Kiv, evavnxbfv‡e co‡Z †`Iqv, GKUv wbw`©ó MwZ eRvq †i‡L cov,
weivg wP‡ýi e¨envi K‡i cov Ges A_© ey‡S co‡Z w`‡q g~j¨vqb Ki‡jb|

†Km Ñ 5
kidzwÏb AvK›` cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi mnKvix wkÿK| wZwb AvR cÖ_g †kÖwYi evsjv wel‡q cvV`v‡bi Rb¨
cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q‡Qb| mve-K¬v÷vi cÖwkÿ‡Y Zvi AvR cvV Dc¯’vcb Kivi K_v| wZwb cÖ_g †kÖwYi evsjv eB‡qi
Avgv‡`i †`k cvVwU wbe©vPb K‡i‡Qb| Zvi cvVwU ch©‡eÿY K‡i mevB gZvgZ w`‡eb|
wZwb cÖ_‡g cvV mswkøó Qwe †`wL‡q cvVwU Kx wb‡q n‡Z cv‡i Zv wb‡q AbygvbwfwËK wKQy cÖkœ wR‡Ám Ki‡jb|
Zvici wkÿK 2-3 Rb wkÿv_©xi wbKU †_‡K Zv‡`i c~e©vbygvb mwVK wQj wKbv Zv ïb‡jb| Gici wZwb mwVK
MwZ, Awfe¨w³, ¯^‡ii DVvbvgv, ï× D”Pvi‡Y MíwU wkÿv_©x‡`i c‡o †kvbv‡jb| wkÿv_©x‡`i h_vh_ cÖwµqvq
covi Abykxjb †k‡l Gevi cÖ‡kœvˇii cvjv| wkÿK cÖ_g cÖkœwUi DËi Kxfv‡e Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z nq Zv wb‡R
K‡i †`Lv‡jb| Gici wkÿK I wkÿv_©x GKm‡½ wØZxq cÖ‡kœi DËiwU Luy‡R †ei Ki‡jb| me‡k‡l, wkÿv_©x‡`i
wb‡R wb‡R Z…Zxq cÖ‡kœi DËiwU Luy‡R †ei Kivi Abykxjb Kiv‡jb| wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i cÖkœ wR‡Ám Kivi
†ÿ‡Î †K Kx †Kv_vq KLb Kxfv‡e Ggb cÖkœ wR‡Ám Ki‡jb| Zvici, cv‡V mivmwi DËi †`Iqv †bB| wKš‘
wPšÍv K‡i Gi DËi Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv ej‡Z w`‡jb| mevB wkÿ‡Ki cvV`vb †`‡L cÖksmv Ki‡jb|

20 |
aŸwb m‡PZbZv
aŸwb m‡PZbZvi KvR mvaviYZ wZbfv‡e Kiv‡bv nq|
aŸwb wPwýZKiY (Sound Identification):
k‡ãi ga¨w¯’Z cÖwZwU aŸwb Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e wPb‡Z cviv I cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvivB nj aŸwb wPwýZKiY|
covi GKwU Ab¨Zg `¶Zv n‡jv ï‡b ï‡b k‡ãi aŸwb¸‡jv‡K wPwýZ Ki‡Z cviv |

aŸwb wgjKiY (Sound Blending):

aŸwb wgjKiY n‡”Q wewfbœ aŸwb¸‡jv‡K avivevwnKfv‡e wgwj‡q kã ˆZwii Ki‡Z cvivi `¶Zv|

aŸwb wefw³KiY (Sound Segmenting):

aŸwb wefw³KiY n‡jv kã‡K †f‡O k‡ãi ga¨Kvi aŸwb¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v Ki‡Z cvivi `ÿZv|

eY©Ávb
✓ eY©Ávb wkÿv_x©‡K co‡Z I wjL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| hLb wkÿv_x©iv e‡Y©i aŸwb Ges aŸwbi wjwLZ iƒc
wk‡L †d‡j, ZLb Zviv GB Ávb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q AcwiwPZ kã co‡Z I wjL‡Z cv‡i;
✓ k‡ãi aŸwb wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ D³ aŸwbi wjwLZ iƒc ev eY© Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB k‡ãi cÖwZwU aŸwbi
wjwLZ iƒc ev eY© †`L‡Z †Kgb, Zv †kLv‡bvB me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR;
✓ eY©Ávb Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©iv hviv kã‡K fvO‡Z cv‡i, Zviv kã‡K Kxfv‡e co‡Z nq Zv
`ªæZ AvqË Ki‡Z cv‡i;
✓ eY©Ávb Abykxjb wkÿv_x©‡K k‡ãi AšÍM©Z e‡Y©i aŸwb wgj K‡i co‡Z I wjL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
✓ eY©Ávb Abykxjb wkÿv_x©i mwVK evbvb Kivi †ÿ‡ÎI mnvqZv K‡i;
eY©Áv‡bi KvR
➢ eY© wPwýZKiY;
➢ eY© †jLv;
➢ e‡Y©i m‡½ Qwei wgjKiY;
➢ eY© I KviwP‡ýi wgjKiY;
➢ eY© ev kãvsk wgwj‡q kã ˆZwi Kiv I cov;
➢ kÖæwZ wjLb;
➢ evK¨ ev wW‡Kv‡Wej Aby‡”Q` cVb|

kãÁvb
covi cuvPwU †gŠwjK Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU Ab¨Zg Dcv`vb n‡jv kãÁvb| †Kv‡bv kã wP‡b I A_© ey‡S ev‡K¨
e¨envi Ki‡Z cvivB n‡jv kãÁvb| kãÁvb ev‡K¨i A_© eyS‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| we`¨vj‡q Avmvi Av‡MB
wkÿv_x©iv Zv‡`i Pvicv‡ki cwi‡ek †_‡K A‡bK bZzb bZzb kã wk‡L Av‡m| wKš‘ wkÿv_x© we`¨vj‡qi
cvV¨eB‡q Ggb wKQz bZzb k‡ãi m‡½ cwiwPZ nq hvi A_© bv Rvbv _vK‡j evK¨ ev Aby‡”Q` c‡o eyS‡Z cv‡i
bv Ges GmKj bZzb kã wkÿv_x©‡K cwiKwíZfv‡e †kLv‡Z nq| kãÁv‡bi Rb¨ †mB mKj kã wbev©Pb Kiv

21 |
nq hv GKRb wkÿv_x©i eZ©gvb ev wbKU fwel¨‡Zi cvV¨eB‡qi welqe¯‘ c‡o †evSvi Rb¨ Zvi A_© Rvbv
cÖ‡qvRb|

cVb mvejxjZv
cVb mvejxjZv n‡jv †Kv‡bv GKwU cvV ev cvV¨vsk wbw`©ó MwZ‡Z, mwVK D”Pvi‡Y Ges weivgwPý AbymiY
K‡i Awfe¨w³i gva¨‡g co‡Z cvivi `ÿZv| A_©vr †Kv‡bv kã ev evK¨ ¯úó I ï×fv‡e, mwVK D”Pvi‡Y
I weivgwPý †g‡b mwVK ¯^ifw½ eRvq †i‡L co‡Z cvivi `ÿZvB cVb mvejxjZv| covi `y‡Uv Ask Av‡Q|
GKwU n‡jv kã‡K wW‡KvW Ki‡Z cviv Ges Av‡iKwU n‡jv wW‡KvWK…Z k‡ãi A_© eyS‡Z cviv| A_©vr
†evaMg¨Zv|

mvejxj cvVK
▪ A_© kbv³ K‡i evavnxbfv‡e c‡o;
▪ GKUv wbw`©ó gvb I MwZ eRvq †i‡L c‡o;
▪ AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î ¯^ifw½ eRvq †i‡L co‡Z cv‡i Ges g‡b nq †h c‡o A_© eyS‡Z cvi‡Q;
▪ weivg wP‡ýi e¨envi K‡i co‡Z cv‡i Ges Zvi A_© eyS‡Z cv‡i;
▪ wb‡R wb‡R fzj ms‡kvab K‡iI co‡Z cv‡i|

weivgwPý e¨env‡ii wbqg

mg¯^‡i covi mgq †Kv_vI ZvovZvwo, †Kv_vI Av‡¯Í, †Kv_vI †Rvi w`‡q, †Kv_vI Avevi GKUz
†_‡g, k¦vmvNvZ I ¯^ifw½ AbymiY K‡i A_©vr mwVK weivgwP‡ýi e¨envi †R‡b co‡Z nq|
`uvwo (|) : ev‡K¨i †k‡l `uvwo w`‡Z nq| `uvwo w`‡j evK¨ †kl n‡q‡Q †evSv hvq|
Kgv (,) : ev‡K¨ weiwZ eySv‡Z weiwZ I ev‡K¨i wewfbœ welq‡K Avjv`v Ki‡Z Kgv e¨eüZ nq|
cÖkœ (?) : †Kv‡bv wKQz m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvIqv †evSv‡Z ev‡K¨i †k‡l cÖkœ‡evaK wPý e‡m|

†evaMg¨Zv
Ô†evaMg¨ZvÕ n‡jv †Kv‡bv wKQz c‡o eyS‡Z cviv| covi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv cwVZ wel‡qi A_© D×vi Kiv ev
†evSv| covi `yBwU Ask _v‡K| mvs‡KwZK wPýMy‡jv‡K eY© wn‡m‡e wPb‡Z cvivi gva¨‡g k㸇jv D”PviY
Ki‡Z cvivB n‡jv cv‡Vv×vi (Decoding) Ges cy‡iv †jLvwUi A_© eyS‡Z cvivB n‡jv †evaMg¨Zv
(Understanding)| GB `yBwU As‡ki g‡a¨ †evaMg¨ZvB n‡”Q covi g~j D‡Ïk¨| †hmKj wkÿv_©x c‡o
ey‡S cv‡i Zviv c‡o †hgb Avb›` cvq †Zgwb †mB cwVZ Aby‡”Q` †_‡K †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z
mÿgZv AR©b K‡i| wkÿv_x©‡`i †evaMg¨Zvi Rb¨ †kÖwYK‡ÿ †h `ywU KvR Kiv nq Zv n‡jv-
1. c~e©vbygvb
2. cÖ‡kœvËi

c~e©vbygvb (Prediction)
c~e©vbygvb hvPvB‡q Rb¨ wkÿK cÖ_‡g cvV mswkøó Qwe †`wL‡q cvVwU Kx wb‡q n‡Z cv‡i Zv wb‡q
AbygvbwfwËK wKQy cÖkœ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb| wkÿK mwVK MwZ, Awfe¨w³, ¯^‡ii IVvbvgv, ï× D”Pvi‡Yi m‡½

22 |
MíwU wkÿv_©x‡`i c‡o †kvbv‡eb| cov †k‡l wkÿK 2-3 Rb wkÿv_©xi wbKU †_‡K ïb‡eb Zv‡`i c~e©vbygvb
mwVK wQj wK bv|
cÖ‡kœvËi
†evaMg¨Zvi cÖ‡kœvˇii KvRwU 3 av‡c Kiv nq-
avc-1: Avwg Kwi: wkÿK cÖ_g cÖkœwUi DËi Kxfv‡e Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z nq Zv wb‡R K‡i †`Lvb|
avc-2 Avgiv Kwi: wkÿK I wkÿv_©x GKm‡½ wØZxq cÖ‡kœi DËiwU Luy‡R †ei K‡i
avc-3 Zzwg Ki: wkÿv_©xiv wb‡R wb‡R Z…Zxq cÖ‡kœi DËiwU Luy‡R †ei Kivi Abykxjbv K‡i|
Gfv‡e wkÿK wkÿv_x‡`i Abygvb Ki‡Z w`‡q, cÖkœ-DËi cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g †evaMg¨Zv †kLv‡eb| G‡ÿ‡Î
wb‡¤œv³ cÖ‡kœi aib Abyhvqx wkÿv_x©‡`i cÖ‡kœvËi `ÿZv †kLv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i-

AvÿwiK †evaMg¨Zv hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ cÖkœ-

†h cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi mivmwi cv‡V †`qv Av‡Q| wkÿv_x© cv‡V †`Iqv Z_¨¸‡jv g‡b K‡i DËi w`‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-
✓ †K Ñ †Kv‡bv cÖkœ †K w`‡q n‡j DËiwU n‡e †Kv‡bv e¨w³i ev Pwi‡Îi bvg
✓ Kx Ñ †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Kx w`‡q n‡j DËiwU n‡e †Kv‡bv NUbv ev e¯‘i bvg|
✓ †Kv_vq - †Kv‡bv cÖkœ †Kv_vq w`‡q n‡j DËiwU n‡e †Kv‡bv RvqMvi bvg|
✓ KLb - †Kv‡bv cÖkœ KLb w`‡q n‡j DËiwU n‡e †Kv‡bv mg‡qi|
✓ Kxfv‡e - Kxfv‡e w`‡q cÖkœ n‡j DËiwU n‡e †Kv‡bv NUbv †hfv‡e N‡U‡Q Zv eY©bv Kiv|

Abygvbwm× †evaMg¨Zv hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ cÖkœ-

✓ AbygvbwfwËK cÖkœ - cv‡V mivmwi DËi †`Iqv †bB| wKš‘ ms‡KZ ev DËi Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv Rvbv
hvq| cv‡Vi †mB ms‡KZ ev NUbvi †cÖÿvcU we‡ePbvq wb‡q wkÿv_x©iv cÖ‡kœi DËi †`Iqvi cÖ‡Póv
†bq|
g~j¨vqbagx© †evaMg¨Zv hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ cÖkœ
✓ g~j¨vqbagx© cÖk-œ NUbvi g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z ev cwiw¯’wZ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z GB ai‡bi cÖkœ Kiv nq|

23 |
 cÖ_g w`b
PZz_© Awa‡ekb : evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq

mgq : 1 NÈv

wkLbdj : Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

1. evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
2. evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb

c×wZ I †KŠkj : `jMZ KvR, †kÖwYKiY, Dc¯’vcb, Av‡jvPbv|

DcKiY : †cv÷vi †ccvi, Mvg, Kg©cÎ|

KvR Ñ 1 : evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq e¨vL¨v Kiv mgq : 30 wgwbU
mnvq‡Ki KiYxq
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i m‡½ Kzkj wewbgq Kiæb Ges cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ mnvqK cwi‡ek m„wó Kiæb| GB
Awa‡ek‡b †Kvb †Kvb welq wb‡q KvR Kiv n‡e Zv wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K D‡jøL Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb, wkÿK evsjv wel‡q wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbvi mgq wewfbœ ch©v‡q mywbw`©ó
wKQz KvR K‡ib| †hgb, ïiæ‡Z Kzkj wewbgq Kiv, wbivc` cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv BZ¨vw`| GB Awa‡ek‡b
Avgiv GKwU c~Y©v½ cv‡V wkÿ‡Ki Kx Kx KvR Kiv DwPZ Zv `jMZ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g kbv³ Kivi
†Póv Kie|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 4/5 `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j Kg©cÎ Ñ 1 Gi wee„wZ¸‡jv †K‡U GK‡mU K‡i
weZiY Kiæb| Gevi †m¸‡jv‡K GKwU †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wb¤œiƒc Q‡K †kÖwYKiY K‡i AvVv w`‡q jvMv‡Z
ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j †cv÷vi †ccvi, Møy-w÷K ev Mvg mieivn Kiæb| 10 wgwbU mgq wba©viY K‡i w`b|
wbivc` wkLb evsjv wkLb wkÿv_©x‡`i wkLb wkLb †kLv‡bvq avivevwnK
cwi‡ek †kLv‡bv mnvqZv cÖ‡kœi e¨envi g~j¨vqb
➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢
➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

• wba©vwiZ mgq †k‡l gv‡K©U †cøm †KŠk‡j `jMZ KvR cÖ`k©‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiæb| cÖ‡kœvˇi Dc¯’vwcZ
Kv‡Ri ch©v‡jvPbv Kiæb|

24 |
KvR Ñ 2 : evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq Abykxjb Kiv mgq : 30 wgwbU
mnvq‡Ki KiYxq
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb, GLb Avgiv GKwU cvV ch©‡eÿY K‡i evsjv welq wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R
wkÿK‡K Kx Ki‡Z n‡e Zv †ei Ki‡ev|
• ˆ`ePq‡b GKwU `j †_‡K GKRb‡K wkÿK wn‡m‡e I wZbRb‡K ch©‡eÿK wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Kiæb|
Gici wbe©vwPZ wkÿK‡K cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi AvnŸvb Rbvb Ges ch©‡eÿK wZbRb‡K Dc¯’vwcZ cvV
Kg©cÎ-1 Abyhvqx ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z ejyb| ejyb, Ôcy‡iv cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi cwie‡Z© wkLb †kLv‡bvi
avc¸‡jv AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b GKvwaK AskMÖnYKvix‡K G Kv‡R AskMÖnY Kiv‡bv
hv‡e|Õ
• cvV Dc¯’vcb †k‡l cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi wewfbœ ch©v‡q Kx K‡i‡Qb Zvi Ici ch©‡eÿK‡`i ch©v‡jvPbvi
AvnŸvb Rvbvb| aviYv ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b †Kvb GKwU Ask ch©‡eÿK‡`i Dc¯’vcb K‡i †`Lv‡Z
ej‡eb| c~‡e©i Kv‡Ri Av‡jv‡K cÖkœ AvnŸvb Kiæb| cÖ‡kœvˇi aviYv ¯úó Ki‡Z mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiæb|
GB Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡`i fvlv`ÿZv I AvPiYMZ Kx Kx myweav n‡e ZvI ch©v‡jvPbv Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb, GwU ïaygvÎ evsjv welq cvV`v‡bi Rb¨B bq, eis mKj welq cvV`v‡bi
Rb¨ wkÿK‡K mnvqZv Ki‡e|
• mKj‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q Awa‡ek‡b †kl Kiæb|

25 |
 Kg©cÎ Ñ 1

➢ mKj wkÿv_©xi mv‡_ wkÿK AvšÍwiK, eÜzZ¡c~Y© I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK AvPiY K‡ib;

➢ wkÿK myk„•Ljfv‡e BwZevPK cwi‡ek eRvq iv‡Lb;
➢ wkÿv_©x‡`i cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡ib;
➢ †Q‡j-‡g‡q Dfq‡K wk¶K cv‡V AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡ib;
➢ wkÿK wewfbœ mvg‡_©¨i I Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡`i g‡bv‡hvMx I DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z m¶g;
➢ cvV ïiæi Av‡M wk¶K cv‡Vi Ici h_vh_ cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY K‡ib;
➢ wk¶K mywbw`©ófv‡e c~e©eZ©x cv‡Vi mv‡_ welqe¯Ízi mgš^q K‡ib;
➢ cv‡Vi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ MÖn‡Y wkÿv_©x‡`i `ÿZv wewbgq nq Ggb Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡ib;
➢ ev¯Íe Rxe‡bi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L cÖkœ K‡ib;
➢ cvV mswkøó c~e©Ávb hvPvB K‡ib;
➢ wkÿv_©x‡`i w`‡q wk¶K cv‡Vi Qwei eY©bv I Zvi Ici Av‡jvPbv Kwi‡q‡Qb;
➢ wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖkœ Kivi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ K‡ib;
➢ cvV †k‡l wkÿK cv‡Vi mvims‡ÿc K‡ib;
➢ wkÿv_©xiv GB cvV †_‡K Kx ey‡S‡Q wk¶K Zv avivevwnKfv‡e ej‡Z/wjL‡Z †`b;
➢ wkÿK cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ e‡jb;
➢ cv‡Vi mgq mwVK wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡ib;
➢ wkÿK h_vh_ DcKiY e¨envi K‡ib;
➢ cvV hvPvB‡q wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i GKKfv‡e g~j¨vqb K‡ib;
➢ wkÿv_©x‡`i †`Iqv fzj DËi MÖnY K‡ib Ges mwVK DËi †`Iqvi Rb¨ †hŠw³fv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡ib;
➢ avivevwnKfv‡e Dchy³ MwZ‡Z wk¶K cvVwU c‡ob;
➢ wkÿv_©xi covi Av‡M cv‡Vi k‡ãi A_© I D”PviY Abykxjb K‡ib;
➢ wW‡KvW Kivi (evbvb K‡i covi) my‡hvM †`b;
➢ ÔAvwg Kwi, Avgiv Kwi I Zzwg/‡Zvgiv KiÕ cÖwµqvq wkÿK cv‡V AMÖmi n‡q‡Qb;
➢ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R wkÿK ev wkÿv_©x m¤ú~iK cVbmvgMÖx e¨envi K‡ib;
➢ wkÿK wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R cÖ‡qvR‡b wWwRUvj DcKiY e¨envi K‡ib|

26 |
 wØZxq w`b

cÖ_g Awa‡ekb : co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvq cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKvi Kvh©Ki e¨envi

mgq : 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU

wkLbdj: Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

1. evsjv cvV¨cy¯Í‡K co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvi my‡hvM wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
2. wkÿK mnvwqKvq D‡jøwLZ co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvi †KŠkj e¨vL¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

c×wZ I †KŠkj : cÖ‡kœvËi, `jMZ KvR, cÖ`k©b, Dc¯’vcb, wmgy¨‡jkb |

DcKiY : evsjv cvV¨cy¯ÍK (1g Ñ 5g †kÖwY), evsjv wkÿK mnvwqKv (1g Ñ 5g †kÖwY)
KvR Ñ 1 : evsjv cvV¨cy¯Í‡K co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvi my‡hvM wPwýZ Kiv mgq : 50 wgwbU
cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i c~‡e©i Awa‡ek‡bi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L GB Awa‡ek‡bi wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiæb|
ejyb †h, wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R KiYxq m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i AwfÁZv wewbgq Kie|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv evsjv cvV¨cy¯Í‡K co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvi my‡hvM
wPwýZ K‡i wkÿK mnvwqKv I cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqv‡j D‡jøwLZ co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvi †KŠk‡ji cÖ‡qvM
ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z m‡Pó n‡ev|
• `j MV‡b ˆewPÎ G‡b AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 5wU `‡j fvM n‡Z ejyb| wb¤œ ewY©Z Q‡K D‡jøwLZ wb‡`©kbv
Abyhvqx evsjv cvV¨cy¯ÍK weZiY Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨KwU `‡ji Rb¨ wba©vwiZ cv‡Vi Ici Av‡jvPbv †_‡K
wb‡P cÖ`Ë aviYvi Av‡jv‡K cÖvß Z_¨ wjL‡Z ejyb|
`j cv‡Vi welq ewY©Z †ÿ‡Î my‡hvM Av‡Q wKbv Ges Kxfv‡e
1 cÖ_g †kÖwY Ñ cvV 27 aŸwb m‡PZbZv, eY©Ávb, hy³eY© we‡kølY, k‡ãi
2 wØZxq †kÖwY Ñ cvV 7 cv‡Vv×vi, kãvsk wgwj‡q kã ˆZwi, kãvsk¸‡jv‡K c„_K
3 Z…Zxq †kÖwY Ñ cvV 5 Kiv, bZzb k‡ãi A_© †kLv‡bv, mie cvV, wbie cvV,
4 PZz_© †kÖwY Ñ gnxqmx †iv‡Kqv wW‡KvW Kiv, eY© †jLv, kã †jLv, evK¨ †jLv, †evaMg¨Zv
5 cÂg †kÖwY Ñ msKí hvPvB Kiv|
• `jMZ KvR Dc¯’vcb Kivi e¨e¯’v wbb Ges Dc¯’vc‡bi mgq hw` AviI wKQz ms‡hvRb Kivi cÖ‡qvRb
g‡b nq ZvI wjwce× Kivi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiæb| Dc¯’vc‡bi mgq D‡jøwLZ †ÿÎmg~n wPwýZ Kivi mv‡_
mv‡_ Kxfv‡e GwU cvV¨cy¯Í‡K cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿfv‡e ms‡hvRb Kiv Av‡Q Zvi Ici Av‡jvPbvq cÖvavb¨
w`b|
• `jMZ KvR Dc¯’cb Kivi e¨e¯’v wbb| Dc¯’vc‡bi mgq mK‡jB †hb cv‡Vi welq¯‘ †`L‡Z cvb Zvi
my‡hvM ˆZwi Kiæb|

27 |
KvR Ñ 2 : wkÿK mnvwqKv e¨envi K‡i co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvi †KŠkj e¨vL¨ Kiv mgq : 40 wgwbU
cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i c~‡e©i `‡j emvi Rb¨ ejyb| Av‡iv ejyb, GLb Avgiv wkÿK mnvwqKvq wbw`©ó cv‡Vi
Rb¨ Kx cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi mv‡_ Dc¯’vwcZ Kv‡Ri m¤úK© Lyu‡R †ei Kivi †Póv Ki‡ev|
• cÖ‡Z¨KwU `j‡K wbw`©ó †kÖwYi evsjv wkÿK mnvwqKv weZiY Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Av‡Mi Kv‡Ri
Ici wfwË K‡i wkÿK mnvwqKvq Kxfv‡e co‡Z †kLv I c‡o †kLvi †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj eY©bv Kiv
n‡q‡Q Zv kbv³ Ki‡Z ejyb| Kg©c‡Îi Wvb cv‡ki Kjv‡g Zv wjL‡Z ejyb|
• mKj `‡ji cÖYxZ Kg©cÎ GKB mv‡_ cÖ`k©b K‡i e¨vL¨v cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| GB ch©v‡q
ejyb, wkÿK mnvwqKv n‡jv cv‡Vi Rb¨ GKwU mnvqK aviYv| wkÿK †kÖwY‡Z cv‡Vi welq I wkÿv_©xi
Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i †kLv‡bv †KŠkj ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
• mK‡ji aviYv ¯úó Ki‡Z mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiæb|

28 |
Kg©cÎ 1.2.1
cv‡Vi welq I †kÖwY: ..................................................................................|
†ÿÎ my‡hvM Av‡Q wK bv †KŠkj
(ÔwUKÕ ev ÔµmÕ)
✓ aŸwb m‡PZbZv

✓ eY©Ávb

✓ hy³eY© we‡kølY

✓ k‡ãi cv‡Vv×vi

✓ kãvsk wgwj‡q kã ˆZwi

✓ kãvsk¸‡jv‡K c„_K Ki

✓ bZzb k‡ãi A_© †kLv‡bv

✓ mie cvV

✓ wbie cvV

✓ wW‡KvW Kiv

✓ eY© †jLv

✓ kã †jLv

✓ evK¨ †jLv

✓ †evaMg¨Zv hvPvB Ki

29 |
 wØZxq w`b
wØZxq Awa‡ekb: wkÿv_©xi cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒcY

mgq: 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU

wkLbdj:
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
1. wkÿv_©xi cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒc‡Yi Uzjm e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
2. wkÿv_©xi cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒcY †KŠkj Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

c×wZ I †KŠkj:
cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv, `jMZ KvR, wmgy‡jkb I djveZ©b|

DcKiY:
†cvóvi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mnvqK Z_¨|

KvR Ñ 1: wkÿv_©xi cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒc‡Yi Uzjm e¨vL¨v Kiv mgq: 30 wgwbU

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq:
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb, GLb Avgiv wkÿv_©xi cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒcY m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kie|
• AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K PviwU `‡j fvM n‡Z ejyb| `yBwU `j‡K cÖ_g †kÖwYi Ges `yBwU `j‡K wØZxq
†kÖwYi wkÿv_©x cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒc‡bi GK‡mU K‡i Uzjm Gi d‡UvKwc cÖ`vb Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i `jMZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Kxfv‡e wkÿv_©xi cVb AMÖMwZ/`ye©jZv wbY©q Kiv hvq, Zv
Z_¨cÎ †_‡K wjL‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡R `‡j mnvqZv w`b|
• `ywU `j †_‡K ˆ`ePq‡bi gva¨‡g GKB †kÖwYi Ici KvR Kiv GKwU `‡ji KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|
G mgq Ab¨ `j¸‡jv‡K Uzj‡mi e¨vL¨, e¨enviwewa, KiYxq w`K BZ¨vw`mn mvgMÖxK welq ey‡S wb‡Z
ejyb| `ywU †kÖwYi Rb¨ GKB cÖwµqv MÖnY Kiæb|
• cÖ‡qvR‡b we‡kl †ÿ‡Î mnvqK Z‡_¨i gva¨‡g ev wcwcwU e¨envi K‡i G‡K G‡K cÖ‡Z¨KwU bgybv Uzjm
cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges Kxfv‡e cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒcY Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

KvR Ñ 2: wkÿv_©xi cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒcY †KŠkj Abykxjb Kiv mgq: 60 wgwbU

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq:
• AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K GKB `‡j em‡Z ejyb|
• cÖwZwU `‡j h_vµ‡g GKRb‡K wkÿ‡Ki I Ab¨‡`i wkÿv_©x f~wgKvq Awfbq Ki‡Z ejyb| wba©vwiZ
bgybv cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒc‡Yi Uzjm e¨envi K‡i wkÿv_©xi Ae¯’vb wbiƒcY †KŠkj Abykxjb Ki‡Z
ejyb|

30 |
 • GB Kv‡R `‡ji mKj m`m¨ †hb AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv wbwðZ Kiæb|
• `jxq KvR †kl n‡j eo`‡j cÖwZwU `‡ji KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges Dc¯’vwcZ KvR wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwµqvwU cybivq e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
• cÖ‡kœvˇi Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿc Kiæb|

31 |
 mnvqK Z_¨: 2.2

wkÿv_©xi cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒcY

mKj wkÿv_©x mgvb bq| GKRb wkÿv_©x Av‡iKRb †_‡K wfbœ| †kLvi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©xi †hgb wfbœZv i‡q‡Q,
†Zgwb G‡`i gvbwmK I †eŠw×K mvg‡_©¨iI ZviZg¨ i‡q‡Q| ZvB wkÿK †kÖwYK‡ÿ GKBfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv
KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡j mKj wkÿv_©x mgvbfv‡e †k‡L bv| †kLv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î djcÖm~Zv Avb‡Z wkÿv_©xi Ae¯’vb
Rvbv GKRb wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| wkÿv_©x hw` co‡Z †k‡L Zvn‡j Acivci mKj `ÿZv
ARs‡bi c‡_ A‡bKUv GwM‡q hvq| †mRb¨ wkÿvµ‡gi cÖZ¨vkv Abyhvqx GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q wkÿv_x© KZUzKy
cVb `ÿZv AR©b K‡i‡Q Zv GKRb wkÿ‡Ki Rvbv _vKv Avek¨K| co‡Z cvivi Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx GKRb
wkÿv_©xi AMÖMwZ hvPvB‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv Riæwi|

GB cÖwµqvwU ev wb‡`©kbv †Kv‡bv KZ©„cÿØviv Av‡ivwcZ bq| mKj wkÿv_©x‡K cVb `ÿZv AR©b Kiv‡bvi Rb¨
wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ GwU GKwU m¤ú~iK †KŠkj| wkÿK GB †KŠkj †kÖwYK‡ÿ GB †KŠkj memgqB K‡i _v‡Kb|
Z‡e †Kvb wkÿv_©x eY© †Pbvi †ÿ‡Î, wW‡KvW Kivi †ÿ‡Î, ey‡S covi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb RvqMvq Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q ev
Zvi NvUwZ †Kv_vq Zv nq‡Zv g‡b ivLv m¤¢e bq| wKš‘ GB †KŠkjwU Rvbv _vK‡j Ges mKj wkÿv_©x‡K Pvwn`v
†gvZv‡eK mnvqZv Kiv wkÿK‡Ki Rb¨ LyeB mnR nq| wkÿv_©xi cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒc‡Yi Rb¨ KwZcq KvR
Kiv evÅYxq| †hgb Ñ
✓ GB cÖwµqvq cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x‡K Avjv`v Avjv`v fv‡e hvPvB Kiv nq Ges Z‡e jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb
GKRb wkÿv_©xi DËi Ab¨ wkÿv_©xiv ïb‡Z bv cvq|
✓ wkÿv_©x cVb AMÖMwZ hvPvBwU Ggbfv‡e Ges Ggb ¯’v‡b Ki‡Z nq †hb wkÿv_©xi g‡bv‡hvM evavMÖ¯’¨
bv nq|
✓ ïiæ‡ZB wkÿv_©x‡K RoZvgy³ K‡i wb‡Z nq| †hb †m eyS‡Z cv‡i GwU GKwU ¯^vfvweK cÖwµqv|
✓ cÖwZ eQi cÖ_g I wØZxq †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡`i †gvU 2 evi GB cVb AMÖMwZ wbiqcY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
cÖ_gevi †g/Ryb gv‡m Ges wØZxqevi †m‡Þ¤^i/A‡±vei gv‡m|
✓ cÖwZevi cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒcY †k‡l Ae¯’vb †R‡b wkÿv_©xi covi I wkÿ‡Ki cov‡bvi †KŠk‡j/
wb‡`©kbvq cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©b MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|

wkÿv_©x cVb AMÖMwZ hvPvB‡qi Dcv`vb

cÖ_g †kÖwY wØZxq †kÖwY

cÖ_gevi cVb hvPvB wØZxqevi cVb hvPvB cÖ_gevi cVb hvPvB wØZxqevi cVb hvPvB
cVb hvPvB‡qi Dcv`vb cVb hvPvB‡qi Dcv`vb cVb hvPvB‡qi Dcv`vb cVb hvPvB‡qi Dcv`vb
1. eY© wPwýZKiY 1. eY© wPwýZ Kiv 1. kã cov 1. Aby‡”Q` cov
2. kãvsk cov 2. kãvsk I kã cov 2. Aby‡”Q` cov 2. cÖ‡kœvËi

32 |
 wkÿv_©x cVb hvPvB‡qi bgybv Uzjmmg~n

eY© wPwýZKiY:

G Av B C I
D A E H F
p u J
L R T N O
P Q K S Y
U V W X M
e _ ` f b
j d o k g
Z t m c l
h n a s i
we: `ª: evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbv Abyhvqx †h KqwU eY© †kLv‡bv n‡q‡Q wkÿv_©x cVb AMÖMwZ hvPvB‡q ïaygvÎ †mB
eY©¸wj‡KB we‡ePbv K‡i PvU© evbv‡Z n‡e|

wb‡`©kbv:

1. wkÿv_©x‡K Dc‡ivwjøwLZ PvU© †_‡K eY©¸wj G‡K G‡K co‡Z ejyb| †h eY©wU co‡e †mB e‡Y©i Dci AvOzj
ivL‡Z ejyb| hw` †Kvb eY© co‡Z bv cv‡i, Z‡e c‡ii eY© †_‡K co‡Z ejyb|
2. wk¶v_©x hw` †Kvb eY© mwVK fv‡e co‡Z bv cv‡i ev fzj c‡o Z‡e †mB e‡Y©i Dci †Mvj `vM w`b|
3. wkÿv_©x‡K cÖwZwU eY© covi Rb¨ GKUv wbw`©ó mgq w`b (3/4 †m‡KÛ)| hw` wk¶v_©x †Kvb eY© co‡Z
†ekx mgq †bq Z‡e Zv‡K c‡ii eY© †_‡K co‡Z ejyb Ges c~‡e©i e‡Y©i Dci †Mvj `vM w`b|
4. wkÿv_©x KqwU eY© mwVK fv‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv MYbv Kiæb| hw` 20wU e‡Y©i g‡a¨ 16wU eY©
(80%) wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j b¤^ic‡Î Ônu¨vÕ wjLyb| Avi hw` 16wUi Kg eY© wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡i
Zvn‡j b¤^ic‡Î ÔbvÕ wjLyb|
5. wkÿv_©xiv †h eY©¸wj mwVK fv‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb †m eY©¸wj wb‡¤§ ewb©Z Q‡K wjLyb Ges †m eY©¸wj
†kLv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cVb wb‡`©kbv wbe©vPb Kiæb|

33 |
wkÿv_x© KZ©„K kbv³ bv Ki‡Z cviv e‡Y©i ZvwjKv
†ivj wkÿv_©xi bvg †h eY©¸wj kbv³ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb gšÍe¨
1 mygb wgqv O, M, K
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

we: `ª: wkÿv_©xi msL¨vbyhvqx ZvwjKvwU d‡UvKwc K‡i wb‡Z n‡e ev GKwU †iwR÷v‡i Zz‡j ivL‡Z n‡e|

kãvsk cov:

Kv wN Rx Lv wP
Ny Sx wM Nx Qv
we: `ª: evwl©K Kg©cwiKíbv Abyhvqx †h gvm ch©šÍ mg‡q †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g ÔAv- Kvi (v), B-Kvi (w) Ges C-Kvi (
x)Õ ch©šÍ KviwPý I eY© †kLv‡bvi wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q Zv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq
†h KqwU ÔeY©Õ I ÔKviwPýÕ †kLv‡bv n‡q‡Q wkÿv_©x cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒc‡Y ïaygvÎ †mB ÔeY©Õ I ÔKviwPýÕ ¸‡jv‡KB
we‡ePbv K‡i Dc‡ii Pv‡U©i gZ K‡i GKwU PvU© evbv‡Z n‡e|

wb‡`©kbv:

1. wkÿv_©x‡K Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ PvU© †_‡K kãvsk¸wj G‡K G‡K co‡Z ejyb| †h kãvskwU co‡e †mB
kãvs‡ki Dci AvOzj ivL‡Z ejyb| hw` †Kvb kãvsk co‡Z bv cv‡i, Z‡e c‡ii kãvsk †_‡K co‡Z
ejyb|
2. wk¶v_©x hw` †Kvb kãvsk mwVK fv‡e co‡Z bv cv‡i ev fzj c‡o Z‡e †mB kãvs‡ki Dci †Mvj `vM
w`b|

34 |
 3. wkÿv_©x‡K cÖwZwU kãvsk covi Rb¨ GKUv wbw`©ó mgq w`b (3/4 †m‡KÛ)| hw` wk¶v_©x †Kvb kãvsk
co‡Z †ewk mgq †bq Z‡e Zv‡K c‡ii kãvsk †_‡K co‡Z ejyb Ges c~‡e©i kãvs‡ki Dci †Mvj
`vM w`b|
4. wkÿv_©x KqwU kãvsk mwVK fv‡e c‡o‡Q Zv MYbv Kiæb| hw` 10wU kãvs‡ki g‡a¨ 8wU kãvsk
(80%) mwVK fv‡e co‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j b¤^ic‡Î Ôn¨vuÕ wjLyb| Avi hw` 8wUi Kg kãvsk co‡Z cv‡i
Zvn‡j b¤^ic‡Î ÔbvÕ wjLyb|
5. †h kãvsk¸wj mwVK fv‡e co‡Z cv‡iwb †m kãvsk¸wj wPwýZ Kiæb Ges kãvsk¸wj †kLv‡bvi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq cVb wb‡`©kbv wbe©vPb Kiæb|

kã cov:

ej gM RM BU
Ni eK Kg gB
mgq Kjm mgq Lei
†bŠKv gay e„nr Kjg
K_v Av`vb LvZv Kjwg
mwVK kir ‰ekvL ïå
KvKv QB LvB AvR
RM PvwP GKv LvRv

wb‡`©kbv:

1. †h eY© I KviwPý¸‡jv †kLv‡bv n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i kã ˆZwi Kiæb (GLv‡b Dc‡ii Pv‡U©
A †_‡K T eY© Ges v-Kvi, w-Kvi I x-Kvi e¨envi K‡i k㸇jv ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q I PvU©wU Dbœqb
Kiv n‡q‡Q)|
2. wkÿv_©x‡K Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ PvU© †_‡K kã¸wj G‡K G‡K co‡Z ejyb| †h kãwU co‡e †mB k‡ãi
Dci AvOzj ivL‡Z ejyb| hw` †Kvb kã co‡Z bv cv‡i, Z‡e c‡ii kã †_‡K co‡Z ejyb|
3. wk¶v_©x hw` †Kvb kã mwVK fv‡e co‡Z bv cv‡i ev fzj c‡o Z‡e ‡mB k‡ãi Dci †Mvj `vM w`b|
4. wkÿv_©x‡K cÖwZwU kã covi Rb¨ GKUv wbw`©ó mgq w`b (3/4 †m‡KÛ)| hw` wk¶v_©x †Kvb kã co‡Z
†ekx mgq †bq Z‡e Zv‡K c‡ii kã †_‡K co‡Z ejyb Ges c~‡e©i k‡ãi Dci ‡Mvj `vM w`b|
5. wkÿv_©x KqwU kã mwVK fv‡e c‡o‡Q Zv MbYv Kiæb| hw` 10wU k‡ãi g‡a¨ 8wU kã (80%) mwVK
fv‡e co‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j b¤^ic‡Î Ón¨vuÓ wjLyb| Avi hw` 8wUi Kg kã co‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j b¤^ic‡Î
ÓbvÓ wjLyb|

35 |
 6. †h kã¸wj mwVK fv‡e co‡Z cv‡iwb †m kã¸wj wPwýZ Kiæb Ges †m kã¸wj †kLv‡bvi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq cVb †KŠkj/ wb‡`©kbv wbe©vPb Kiæb|
wet `ªt hw` wØZxq †kÖwYi †Kv‡bv wkÿv_©x kã co‡Z bv cv‡i, †m‡ÿ‡Î D³ wkÿv_©xi eY© wPwýZKi‡Yi (mKj
eY©) KvRwU Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi †h eY©¸wj wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb †m eY©¸wj †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cVb
wb‡`©kbv wbe©vPb ev cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|

Aby‡”Q` cov:

mygb I †kdvwj `yB fvB ‡evb| Zviv GKmv‡_ †Ljv K‡i| cv‡q †nu‡U ¯‹z‡j hvq| kxZKvj Zv‡`i A‡bK
wcÖq| KviY kxZKv‡j A‡bK wcVv cvIqv hvq| †hgb- wPZB wcVv, fvcv wcVv, cywj wcVv, bKwk wcVv,
bvi‡K‡ji wcVv BZ¨vw`| GQvovI A‡bK iKg kvK-mewR cvIqv hvq| †hgb- jvj kvK, cvjs kvK, gyjv
kvK, dzjKwc, kvjMg, cvZvKwc, gyjv BZ¨vw`| kx‡Zi mKv‡j †iv` †cvnv‡Z fvj jv‡M|

wb‡`©kbv:

1. wkÿv_©x‡K wba©vwiZ Aby‡”Q`wU co‡Z ejyb|

2. wk¶v_©x hw` †Kvb kã mwVK fv‡e co‡Z bv cv‡i ev fzj c‡o Z‡e †mB k‡ãi Dci †Mvj `vM w`b|
3. wkÿv_©x‡K cÖwZwU kã covi Rb¨ GKUv wbw`©ó mgq w`b (3/4 †m‡KÛ)| hw` wk¶v_©x †Kv‡bv kã
co‡Z †ewk mgq †bq Z‡e Zv‡K c‡ii kã †_‡K co‡Z ejyb Ges c~‡e©i k‡ãi Dci †Mvj `vM w`b|
4. wk¶v_©x‡K Aby‡”Q`wU covi Rb¨ 60 †m‡KÐ mgq w`b Ges cwVZ †kl k‡ãi ‡k‡l GKwU eÜbx ()
wPý w`b|
5. wkÿv_©x 60 †m‡K‡Û KZ¸wj kã mwVK fv‡e c‡o‡Q Zv MbYv Kiæb| hw` wba©vwiZ Aby‡”Q` Gi 60wU
k‡ãi g‡a¨ 40wU kã mwVK fv‡e co‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j b¤^ic‡Î Ônu¨vÕ wjLyb| Avi hw` 40wUi Kg kã
co‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j b¤^ic‡Î ÔbvÕ wjLyb| G‡ÿ‡Î wkÿK wb‡Ri ch©‡eÿY Abyhvqx wkÿv_©x mvejxj
MwZ‡Z, wbfz©jfv‡e, mwVK Awfe¨w³ I weivgwPý †g‡b c‡o‡Q wKbv Zv hvPvB Kiæb|
6. †hmKj wkÿv_©xiv mvejxj fv‡e co‡Z cv‡iwb Zv‡`i wPwýZ Kiæb Ges Zv‡`i
mvejxjcvVK/¯^vaxbcvVK wn‡m‡e ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cVb wb‡`©kbv wbe©vPb Kiæb|
cÖ‡kœvËi:

wb‡`©kbv:
1. wkÿv_©x‡K ejyb, ÔGLb Avwg †Zvgv‡K GB Aby‡”Q`wU †_‡K wKQz cÖkœ Ki‡ev Ges Zzwg Zvi DËi
†`qvi †Póv Ki‡e|Õ wkÿv_©x‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸wj †_‡K m‡ev©”P 3wU cÖkœ Kiæb|
2. wkÿK cÖkœ Kiv ïiæ Kiæb-
K) kxZKv‡ji Kx Kx wcVv cvIqv hvq?
L) mygb I †kdvwj GKmv‡_ †Kv_vq hvq?
M) KLb †iv` †cvnv‡Z fv‡jvjv‡M?
N) Zviv Kxfv‡e ¯‹z‡j hvq?
O) kxZKvj wK Zv‡`i fv‡jv jv‡M? †Kb?

36 |
 3. wkÿv_©x KqwU cÖ‡kœi mwVK DËi w`‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv MYbv Kiæb| hw` 3wU cÖ‡kœi g‡a¨ 2wU cÖ‡kœi DËi
mwVK fv‡e w`‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j b¤^ic‡Î Ônu¨vÕ wjLyb| Avi hw` 2wUi Kg DËi w`‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j
b¤^ic‡Î ÔbvÕ wjLyb|
4. †h ai‡bi cÖkœ¸wji mwVK fv‡e DËi w`‡Z cv‡iwb †m cÖkœ¸wj wPwýZ Kiæb Ges †m Abyhvqx cÖ‡qvRbxq
cVb wb‡`©kbv wbe©vPb Kiæb|
wkÿv_©x cVb AMÖMwZ wbiƒc‡Yi weeiYx
†kÖwY: kvLv: we`¨vj‡qi bvg:
Dc‡Rjv: †Rjv: wkÿ‡Ki bvg:
eY© wPwýZ kãvsk co‡Z kã co‡Z Aby‡”Q` co‡Z cÖkœ DËi w`‡Z
Ki‡Z cv‡i cv‡i cv‡i cv‡i cv‡i
†ivj wkÿv_©xi bvg
1g 2q 1g 2q 1g 2q 1g 2q 1g 2q
hvPvB hvPvB hvPvB hvPvB hvPvB hvPvB hvPvB hvPvB hvPvB hvPvB
mygb wgqv nu¨v bv nu¨v bv
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
we: `ª: wkÿv_©xi msL¨vbyhvqx ZvwjKvwU d‡UvKwc K‡i wb‡Z n‡e ev GKwU †iwR÷v‡i Zz‡j ivL‡Z n‡e|

37 |
 wØZxq w`b
Z…Zxq Awa‡ekb : evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R m¤ú~iK KvR I wkLb mvgMÖx e¨env‡ii my‡hvM

mgq : 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
1. evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R m¤ú~iK wkLb mvgMÖx I KvR e¨env‡ii my‡hvM e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
2. evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R m¤ú~iK wkLb mvgMÖx I Kv‡Ri e¨envi Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

c×wZ I †KŠkj : AwfÁZv wewbgq, cÖ‡kœvËi, cÖ`k©b, Dc¯’vcb, `jMZ KvR, wmgy¨‡jkb|

DcKiY : evsjv cvV¨cy¯ÍK (1g Ñ 5g †kÖwY), evsjv wkÿK mnvwqKv (1g Ñ 5g †kÖwY)
KvR Ñ 1 : evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R m¤ú~iK KvR I wkLb mvgMÖx e¨env‡ii my‡hvM e¨vL¨v Kiv mgq :
30 wgwbU
cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i c~‡e©i Awa‡ek‡bi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L GB Awa‡ek‡bi wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiæb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R m¤ú~iK KvR I wkLb
mvgMÖx e¨env‡ii my‡hvM m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i AwfÁZv wewbgq Kie| wb‡Pi cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K Av‡jPbvq
AMÖmi †nvb|
- m¤ú~iK mvgMÖx †Kb cv‡V e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e?
- fvlv`ÿZv Dbœq‡b m¤ú~iK mvgMÖx †Kb cÖ‡qvRb?
- evsjv wel‡q m¤ú~iK DcKiY¸‡jv Kx Kx?
- evsjv wel‡q m¤ú~iK Kv‡Ri D`vniY Kx Kx?
- fvlv †Ljvi mv‡_ m¤ú~iK DcKi‡Yi m¤úK© Kx?
- †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î GB DcKiY e¨env‡ii my‡hvM i‡q‡Q? BZ¨vw`|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 5wU `‡j fvM n‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j mnvqK Z_¨ 2.3.1 weZiY Kiæb| `jMZ
Av‡jvPbv K‡i m¤ú~iK DcKi‡Yi aib I cÖ‡qv‡Mi †KŠkj Av‡jPbv Ki‡Z ejyb| c~‡e© Av‡jvwPZ I
cwiKwíZ wb¤œiƒc cv‡V †Kvb †Kvb ai‡bi/AvB‡U‡gi m¤ú~iK DcKiY e¨envi Kiv hvq Zv cvV¨cy¯ÍK
I wkÿK mnvwqKv †`‡L kbv³ Ki‡Z ejyb| G‡ÿ‡Î GKwU wcwiqW wbw`©ó K‡i w`b|
`j cv‡Vi welq
1 cÖ_g †kÖwY Ñ cvV 27
2 wØZxq †kÖwY Ñ cvV 7
3 Z…Zxq †kÖwY Ñ cvV 5
4 PZz_© †kÖwY Ñ gnxqmx †iv‡Kqv
5 cÂg †kÖwY Ñ msKí

38 |
 • aib Abyhvqx cvV`v‡b e¨env‡ii Rb¨ h_vh_ cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji †Uwe‡j Zv
wWm‡cø/cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z ejyb|

KvR Ñ 2 : evsjv wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R m¤ú~iK DcKi‡Yi e¨envi Abykxjb Kiv mgq : 60 wgwbU
mnvq‡Ki KiYxq
• jUvwii gva‡g wbe©vwPZ A_ev AvMÖnx GKRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K wbw`©ó cvVwU wmgy‡jmb Kivi AvnŸvb
Rvbvb| G‡ÿ‡Î m¤ú~Y© cv‡Vi cwie‡Z© †h †h †ÿ‡Î m¤ú~iK DcKiY e¨envi Kivi my‡hvM Av‡Q Zv
Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|
• G ch©v‡q 2Ñ3 AskMÖnYKvix‡K ch©‡eÿ‡Ki f~wgKvq †i‡L Ab¨‡`i wkÿv_©x wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Kiyb|
• mKj `‡ji Dc¯’vcb †k‡l m¤ú~iK DcKiY e¨env‡ii h_v_©Zv wb‡q cÖ‡kœvˇi Av‡jvPbvi e¨e¯’v
Kiæb|
• cÖ‡kœvˇi Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g welqe¯‘i mvims‡ÿc Kiæb|

39 |
 mnvqK Z_¨ : 2.3.1

fvlv wkL‡b m¤ú~iK KvR

1| eY© Ry‡o kã ˆZwi Kiv|

†cÖwÿZ : wkÿv_©x‡`i mKj ¯^ieY© I K †_‡K O ch©šÍ eY© †kLv‡bv n‡q‡Q| eY© Ry‡o kã ˆZwii KvR (ejv I
†jLv) Ki‡Z w`b|
D`vniY :

G e Av D
K I B M
O L N A

2| G‡jv‡g‡jvfv‡e mvRv‡bv eY© w`‡q kã ˆZwi Kiv

n s wk Ñ

i †` †k Ñ

i †e †fv jv Ñ

r Kv i k j Ñ

gv Av k i ‡` †` Ñ

40 |
3| wbw`©ó eY© I KviwPý e¨env‡i evK¨ ˆZwi K‡i †jLv I cov

†cÖwÿZ : wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xiv mKj ¯^ieY© Ges K †_‡K T ch©šÍ eY©¸‡jv wkÿv_©xiv kbv³
Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges wjL‡Z cv‡i| cvkvcvwk wkÿK Av (v) Kvi-wPý wP‡b‡Q Ges e‡Y©i m‡½ Av (v) Kvi-wPýhy³
K‡i wkÿv_©x‡`i co‡Z cvivi PP©v Kwi‡q‡Qb| ewY©Z kZ© †g‡b GKwU cVb DcKiY ˆZwi Kiæb|

4| wbw`©ó hy³e¨Äb e¨envi K‡i bZzb kã †jLv I cov

†cÖwÿZ : cÖ_g †kÖwYi evsjv eB‡q mvZ w`‡bi K_v M‡í wb‡Pi cvVwU cov‡bv n‡q‡Q|

mvZ w`‡b GK mßvn| w`b¸‡jvi mvZwU bvg| †Uª‡bi mvg‡b e‡m Av‡Q Awf| Awfi Kv‡Q w`b¸‡jvi bvg ïwb|
mvZ w`‡b KZ KvR Kwi Avgiv| KLbI cwo, KLbI †Lwj| †Kv‡bv w`b G‡Kev‡i QzwU| QzwUi w`‡b Avivg
Kwi| Awf kwbevi evMv‡b cvwb †`q| iweevi Mvb †kv‡b| †mvgevi Qwe Auv‡K| g½jevi mvB‡Kj Pvjvq|
eyaevi gv‡V †Lj‡Z hvq| e„n¯úwZevi Qovi eB c‡o| ïµevi KvMR †K‡U dzj evbvq| Awf QzwUi w`‡b
†Uwjwfkb †`‡L|

cvVwU‡Z †h mKj hy³e¨Äb (ß Uª/µ ½ ¯ú) e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q D³ hy³e¨Äb w`‡q MwVZ bZzb kã
e¨envb K‡i GKwU mggv‡bi Mí ˆZwi Kwi|

5| kãwmuwo
†Ljvi cwiKíbv-
• wkÿv_©xi kã fvÐvi e„w×i Rb¨ cvVewnf©~Z kã w`‡q †LjvwU ïiæ Kiæb
• †h‡Kv‡bv GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K GKwU kã ej‡Z ejyb
• k‡ãi †kl eY© w`‡q Ab¨ GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K GKwU kã ej‡Z ejyb
• kã ejvi Av‡M mZK© _vK‡Z ejyb, †hb c~‡e©i k‡ãi †kl eY©wU cybivq bZzb k‡ãi †kl eY© bv nq|
• GgbwU n‡j †Ljv †kl n‡q hv‡e Zv e‡j w`b
• mK‡ji AskMªn‡Y †LjvwU Pjgvb ivL‡Z †Póv Kiæb|

ev Zv m
ey
R j
Zv jv
D e© i
m

6| evK¨ ˆZwi:

41 |
†Ljvi cwiKíbv-
• GKwU kã w`‡q GKvwaK evK¨ ˆZwi Ki‡Z w`b
• Am¤ú~Y© evK¨ m¤ú~Y© Ki‡Z w`b
• evg cv‡ki m‡½ Wvb cv‡ki evK¨vsk wgj K‡i evK¨ ˆZwi Ki‡Z w`b
• G‡jv‡g‡jv kã mvwR‡q evK¨ †jLv I cov

7| kãRvj
†Ljvi cwiKíbv-
• †ev‡W© ev †cv÷vi †ccv‡i ewY©Z Q‡Ki g‡Zv †Kv‡bv dzj/dj/cvwLi bvg e„‡Ëi gvSLv‡b wjLyb
• wbR wbR LvZvq cÖ`wk©Z QKwU Gu‡K e„‡Ëi Pvicv‡k wkÿv_©xi Rvbv dzj/dj/cvwLi bvg wjL‡Z
ejyb
(we.`ª. e„‡Ëi Pvicv‡k dzj/dj/cvwLi Qwe w`‡qI wkÿv_©x‡`i bvg wjL‡Z mnvqZv Kiv hvq)

d
j

8| avivevwnKfv‡e Mí ejv
†cÖwÿZ : †kÖwY‡Z Kzu‡Rveywoi Mí ev G ai‡bi †h †Kv‡bv Mí cov‡bv †k‡l wkÿv_©x‡`i w`‡q wkÿK GKwU bZzb
M‡íi AeZviYv Ki‡Z ej‡eb|

9| Qwe †`‡L ejv I †jLv

Qwe m¤ú‡K© cuvPwU evK¨ wjL|

10| evK¨ mvwR‡q Mí †jLv

†cÖwÿZ : M‡íi evK¨¸‡jv G‡jv‡g‡jv K‡i †jLv i‡q‡Q| evK¨¸‡jv mvwR‡q MíwU wjL‡Z n‡e|

Iiv `yBR‡bB MÖv‡gi ¯‹z‡j c‡o| ˆekvwL †gjv| IB MÖv‡gB Avwi‡di evwo| I‡`i evev-gv m‡½B hv‡eb| MÖv‡gi
bvg nvwkgcyi| Avwi‡di †QvU †ev‡bi bvg †i‡eKv| cv‡ki MÖv‡gB †gjv e‡m‡Q| Iiv AvR †gjvq hv‡e|

fvlv wkL‡b m¤ú~iK cVb mvgMÖx

42 |
Avgiv mvaviYZ †kªwYK‡¶ cvV¨cy¯ÍK e¨envi K‡i _vwK| wKš‘ wkïiv wewfbœ ai‡bi m¤ú~iK cVb mvgMÖx covi
gva¨‡g AwaK DcK…Z n‡Z cv‡i| KíKvwnwb ev ev¯Íeagx© Dfq ai‡bi cVb mvgMÖx w`‡qB ïiæ n‡Z cv‡i wkïi
covi hvÎv| DwjøwLZ wewfbœ ai‡bi m¤ú~iK cvV mvgMÖxi welqe¯‘¸‡jv wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv| †hgb-
KvíwbK Mí ev Dcb¨vm, DcK_v †jvK-Kvwnwb, iƒcK_v, KweZv, bvUK (Awfbq Kiv hvq Ggb cvÐywjwc)
BZ¨vw`|

Avevi ev¯Íeagx© Mí/cÖeÜ ev Z_¨g~jK †jLv, msev`c‡Îi cÖeÜ, cwÎKvi †jLv, Z_¨wfwËK eB, mvaviY Ávb,
RxebKvwnwb, gbxlxi Rxebx, e³…Zv, KweZv BZ¨vw`I wkï‡`i cvV¨vf¨vm M‡o Zzj‡Z mwµq f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡i|

wbqwgZ cvV Af¨vm n‡jv Kvh©Ki wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbvi GKwU †gŠwjK Dcv`vb| wbqwgZ cov
PP©v I evi evi wewfbœ ai‡bi covi gva¨‡g wkïiv covi AwfÁZv AR©‡b jvfevb nq|

we`¨vj‡q †hme wkï GLbI mvej¤^xfv‡e co‡Z cv‡i bv Zv‡`i co‡Z †kLv‡bvi `vwqZ¡ wk¶‡Ki| G‡ÿ‡Î
wkÿK wb‡RB GKwU M‡íi eB‡qi Ici wfwË K‡i mie cvV cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Ic‡ii †kªwYi ev GKB
†kªwYi †h-mKj wkï mvej¤^x co–qv ev ¯^vaxb cvVK Zviv Kg co‡Z cviv wkï‡`i mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| mie
cvV QvovI mvej¤^xfv‡e covi gva¨‡gI wkïi co‡Z †kLvi e„w×i my‡hvM N‡U| wkïi cQ›`g‡Zv eB co‡Z
w`‡j wkïiv covq DØy× nq Ges covi †¶‡Î Zv‡`i AvMÖn ev‡o| G‡ÿ‡Î wkïi covi mÿgZvi ¯ÍiwfwËK
m¤ú~iK cVb mvgMÖx Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| wb‡P wkÿK KZ©„K mie cvV cwiPvjbvi †KŠkj †`qv nj|

1| mie cv‡Vi gva¨‡g M‡íi eB cov‡bv

M‡íi eB cov‡bvi Av‡M wkÿv_x©‡`i eB Gi m‡½ cwiPq Kwi‡q †`‡eb| GRb¨ eB Gi cÖ”Q` †`Lv‡eb, †jLK
I AvuwK‡qi m‡½ cwiPq Kwi‡q †`‡eb| eB‡qi cÖ”Q‡`i Qwe †`wL‡q Rvb‡Z Pvb- GLv‡b Kx †`Lv hv‡”Q? †KD
wK ej‡Z cvi †h M‡íi Kx n‡Z cv‡i? Gici eB‡qi cÖ_g c„ôv Ggbfv‡e Lyjyb †hb me wkÿv_x© †`L‡Z cvq|
KwVb ev ARvbv kã _vK‡j A_© †kLvb I evK¨ ej‡Z ej‡eb| Gici MíwU ax‡i ax‡i, cwi®‹vifv‡e, A½fw½i
gva¨‡g weivgwPý †g‡b c‡o †kvbvb| covi mgq AbygvbwfwËK cÖkœ Kiæb| †hgb -Gici Kx n‡Z cv‡i? †Kb?
Gici eB covi ïiæ‡Z †h AbygvbwfwËK cÖkœ Kiv n‡qwQj Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kizb| eB‡qi Pwiθ‡jv m¤ú‡K©
mzwbw`©ó cÖkœ Kiæb| -----Pwi‡Îi Kx n‡qwQj? †Zvgvi †Kgb †j‡MwQj hLb --- Gi --- n‡qwQj? M‡íi ïiæ‡Z
Kx n‡qwQj? Zvici Kx n‡qwQj? cvi‡j cÖksmv Kiæb| bv cvi‡j e‡j w`b Ges eB‡q †`wL‡q w`b| †k‡li 2
wgwb‡U `‡ji Dc¯’vvcbvi Dci mevB‡K djveZ©b cÖ`vb/Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖ‡kœvˇi Av‡jvPbv
Kiæb|
2| M‡íi Avmi (co‡Z †kLvi ci)
wk¶v_©x‡`i 5 wU `‡j fvM n‡q em‡Z ej‡eb| †h MíwU Av‡Mi K¬v‡m cwVZ n‡q‡Q wk¶K †mB MíwU‡K 5wU
Aby‡”Q‡` fvM K‡i 5 wU Avjv`v KvM‡R wj‡L ivL‡eb|
cÖwZ `j †_‡K GKRb K‡i G‡m wk¶‡Ki nvZ †_‡K GKwU K‡i KvM‡Ri UzK‡iv wb‡q †h‡Z ej‡eb| me
`‡ji KvMR †bIqv †kl n‡j GK wgwbU mgq †`‡eb KvM‡Ri evK¨¸‡jv cvV K‡i wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡Z|

43 |
wk¶K Gevi M‡íi ïiyi c¨viv †hB `‡ji nv‡Z Av‡Q Zv‡`i `vuov‡Z ej‡eb| Z‡e wk¶K e‡j †`‡eb bv
Kv‡`i nv‡Z cÖ_g c¨vivwU Av‡Q ev c¨vivwU Kx| †h `j g‡b Ki‡e Zv‡`i nv‡Zi †jLv¸‡jvB M‡íi ïiy, †mB
`j wb‡RB `vuov‡e| †h `j `vuov‡e Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i KvM‡Ri evK¨ c‡o †kvbv‡Z ej‡eb| Gici evwK `j‡K
wR‡Ám Ki‡eb wVK Av‡Q wK bv| mwVK n‡j Zv‡`i GKcv‡k em‡Z ej‡eb| fzj n‡j evwK‡`i mwVK DËi
ejvi my‡hvM †`‡eb| G‡Kev‡iB †KD ej‡Z bv cvi‡j wk¶K mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb|

fvlv wkL‡b m¤ú~iK wkLb mvgMÖx

1| eY©gvjvq Avgvi bvg (eY© KvW© e¨envi K‡i)
wk¶v_©x‡`i mevB‡K 5 wU `‡j fvM n‡q †h‡Z ej‡eb| Gevi wk¶K me `‡ji Kv‡Q wM‡q cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©x‡K
GKwU K‡i eY© KvW© †`‡eb| wk¶v_©x‡`i ej‡eb AvR‡K Avgiv eY© w`‡q wb‡R‡`i cwiPq †`‡ev| hvi nv‡Z
†h e‡Y©i KvW© _vK‡e †m wb‡Ri bvg wn‡m‡e H eY© ej‡e Ges Zv w`‡q GKwU kã ej‡e| Gev‡i GK `j †_‡K
ïiy K‡i GKRb GKRb K‡i mevB‡K wb‡Ri nv‡Z _vKv eY© KvW© w`‡q cwiPq w`‡Z ej‡eb| †hgb, GKR‡bi
nv‡Z hw` 'L' eY©wU _v‡K †m KvW©wU gv_vi Dci DuPz K‡i a‡i ej‡e "Avgvi bvg 'L', 'L' †Z Li‡Mvk|" Gfv‡e
me¸‡jv eY© (¯^ieY© I e¨ÄbeY©) w`‡q †LjvwU cybive„wË Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

2| wgj Kwi `ªæZ cwo (eviv¶wiK PvU © e¨envi K‡i)

wk¶v_©x‡`i 5 wU `‡j fvM n‡q em‡Z ej‡eb| eviv¶wiK PvU©wU (evbv‡bv PvU© bv _vK‡j wk¶K Qwe‡Z †`Iqv
m¨v¤c‡ji g‡Zv GKwU evwb‡q †b‡eb A_ev †ev‡W© Gu‡K †b‡eb) †`qv‡j mevB †`L‡Z cvivi g‡Zv RvqMvq
†Svjv‡eb| wk¶v_©x‡`i ej‡eb AvR‡K Avgiv eY© I Kvi-wPý wgjKi‡Yi †Ljv †Lj‡ev|
cÖwZ `j †_‡K GKRb K‡i wk¶v_©x‡K WvK‡eb| Zv‡K 10 †m‡KÛ mgq w`‡q eviv¶wiK PvU©wUi cÖwZ e‡Y©i
Rb¨ evg †_‡K Wv‡b cvkvcvwk c‡o †h‡Z ej‡eb| (†hgb, cÖ_g mvwi‡Z Av‡Q Kv wK Kx Kz, K‚ ......... †KŠ)|
10 †m‡K‡Û KZUzKz c‡o‡Q `yBRb wk¶v_©x‡K Zv wj‡L ivL‡Z ej‡eb| 1/2 Rb wk¶v_©x‡K 1 †_‡K 10 ch©šÍ
MYbv K‡i mg‡qi wn‡me ivL‡Z ej‡eb| Ab¨ 1/2 Rb wk¶v_©x‡K †K KZwU fzj D”PviY Ki‡Q †mB wn‡me
ivL‡Z ej‡eb|
wk¶v_©x‡`i ej‡eb `ªæZj‡q mwVK D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z n‡e †hb me wk¶v_©xiv ïb‡Z cvq| Gici c‡ii `j †_‡K
cÖwZwbwa G‡m GKBfv‡e 10 †m‡K‡Û KZwU eY© co‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zvi wn‡me ivL‡eb|
me `‡ji cÖwZwbwai cov †kl n‡j †Kvb `‡ji cÖwZwbwa 10 †m‡K‡Û me‡P‡q †ewk msL¨K kãvsk mwVK
D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z †c‡i‡Q †mwU †NvlYv Ki‡eb Ges Zv‡`i Rb¨ nvZZvwj †`‡eb| mgq †ewk _vK‡j ch©vqµ‡g
`‡ji mKj m`m¨‡`i co‡Z w`‡q †LjvwU cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|

3| eY©µ‡gi †Ljv (eY© KvW© e¨envi K‡i)

wk¶v_©x‡`i mv‡_ wb‡q wk¶K Av‡Mi †Kv‡bv K¬v‡m 'K' †_‡K ' u' eY© KvW© evwb‡q †b‡eb| eY© KvW© evbv‡bv
_vK‡j †m¸‡jv e¨envi Ki‡eb|
'K' †_‡K ' u' ch©šÍ eY© KvW©¸‡jv wk¶K µg G‡jv‡g‡jv K‡i wb‡Ri Kv‡Q ivL‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©x‡K G‡m
GKwU K‡i KvW© wb‡q †h‡Z ej‡eb| KvW©wU †bevi mgq wk¶v_©x‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡eb †mLv‡b Kx †jLv Av‡Q|
wk¶v_©x ej‡Z bv cvi‡j Zv‡K e‡j †`‡eb|

44 |
mevi eY© KvW© †bIqv †kl n‡j KvW© nv‡Z wb‡q wk¶v_©x‡`i †Mvj n‡q `vuov‡Z ej‡eb| Gici mevB‡K 30
†m‡KÛ mgq †`‡eb wb‡Ri KvW©wU nv‡Z wb‡q Zv‡Z †Kvb eY© †jLv Av‡Q †mUv fv‡jvfv‡e g‡b ivL‡Z| †`Lv
†kl n‡j mevB‡K `yB nv‡Z KvW©wU gv_vi Ic‡i a‡i ivL‡Z ej‡eb|
Gici wk¶K 'K' †_‡K ' u' ch©šÍ µgvš^‡q e‡j hv‡eb| wk¶K hLb †h eY© ej‡eb †mB eY© hvi _vK‡e †m
wb‡Ri RvqMvq e‡m hv‡e| Z‡e G mgq wk¶v_©xiv Zv‡`i gv_vi Ici eY© KvW©wU †hb †`Lvi †Póv bv K‡i †m
wel‡q we‡klfv‡e wb‡`©kbv †`‡eb|
hw` †Kv‡bv wk¶v_©x fzj e‡Y© e‡m hvq A_ev gv_vi Ici KvW© †`‡L wb‡q †evSvi †Póv K‡i, †m emvi my‡hvM
cv‡e bv| Gfv‡e hZ¶Y me wk¶v_©x gv_vi Ici KvW© bv †`‡LB wk¶‡Ki eY© ï‡b wgwj‡q em‡Z bv cvi‡e
ZZ¶Y wk¶K 'K' †_‡K ' u' ch©šÍ evi evi co‡Z _vK‡eb|
mevB e‡m hvevi ci wk¶v_©x‡`i ej‡eb, Gev‡i `vuwo‡q mevB †hb 'K' †_‡K ' u' ch©šÍ µgvbymv‡i †Mvj n‡q
`vuovq| wk¶v_©xiv µgvbymv‡i `vuov‡bvi †¶‡Î fzj Ki‡j wk¶K Zv‡`i mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb|
mevi `vuov‡bv †kl n‡j Gici wk¶v_©x‡`i ej‡eb, cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wb‡Ri eY© ej‡Z| Gici mevB GKmv‡_ mwVK
D”Pvi‡Y 3 evi 'K' †_‡K ' u' ch©šÍ ejvi PP©v Ki‡e| †Ljvq ˆewPΨ Avbvi Rb¨ cÖ_gevi †hB MwZ‡Z ej‡e
c‡ii cÖwZev‡i GKUz GKUz K‡i MwZ evwo‡q AviI `ªyZ ejvi †Póv Ki‡Z ejv hvq|

4| kã Svuwc (eY© KvW© e¨envi K‡i)

wk¶v_©x‡`i 5 wU `‡j fvM Ki‡eb| wk¶K K, g, j, P, k GB cvuPwU e‡Y©i KvW© Dj‡Uv K‡i nv‡Z ai‡eb
ev †Uwe‡j ivL‡eb| Gev‡i cÖwZwU `‡ji GKRb K‡i m`m¨‡K G‡m bv †`‡L †h-†Kv‡bv GKwU KvW© Zz‡j wb‡Z
ej‡eb| Zvi †bIqv KvW©wU n‡e Zvi `‡ji Rb¨ wba©vwiZ eY©|
wk¶K †Qv‡Uv KvM‡Ri UzK‡iv‡Z A‡bK¸‡jv kã wj‡L K¬v‡mi GKcv‡k kã Svuwc‡Z (cyi‡bv e·, ev †d‡j
†`Iqv KvMR/wRwbm w`‡q GKwU Svwc/Szwo evwb‡q †bIqv hvq) ivL‡eb| kã Svuwc‡Z GB cvuPwU eY© w`‡q ïiy
Kgc‡¶ 10 wU K‡i kã ivL‡eb Ges Gi evB‡iI Ab¨vb¨ eY© w`‡q ïiy AviI Kgc‡¶ 20 wU kã ivL‡eb|
j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e GKB kã GKwUi †ewk bv _v‡K|
Gev‡i wk¶K GK GK `j‡K WvK‡eb Ges kã Svuwc †_‡K Zv‡`i Rb¨ wba©vwiZ eY© w`‡q ïiy hZ¸‡jv kã
cv‡i Lyu‡R wb‡Z ej‡eb| G mgq evwK wk¶v_©x‡`i ej‡eb 1 †_‡K 30 ch©šÍ ¸b‡Z| cÖwZwU `j‡K GB mg‡qi
g‡a¨B kã †LvuRv †kl Ki‡Z n‡e|
Gfv‡e cÖwZwU `j Zv‡`i Rb¨ wba©vwiZ e‡Y©i k㸇jv Lyu‡R wb‡q wb‡R‡`i RvqMvq wM‡q em‡e| mevi kã
†bIqv †kl n‡j wk¶K GK GK `j‡K `vuwo‡q Zv‡`i Lyu‡R Avbv kã co‡Z ej‡eb| hw` †Kv‡bv `j Zv‡`i
e‡Y©i evB‡i Ab¨ e‡Y©i kã Zz‡j Av‡b Z‡e evwKiv mv‡_ mv‡_ BBBBBBBBB kã Ki‡e| wk¶K wn‡me ivL‡eb
†Kvb `j KZwU K‡i mwVK kã G‡b ej‡Z †c‡i‡Q| †Kv‡bv kã D”Pvi‡Y wk¶v_©x‡`i mgm¨v n‡j wk¶K mwVK
D”PviY K‡i mevB GKmv‡_ kãwU 4/5 evi cybive„wË Kiv‡eb|
me `‡ji kã ejv †kl n‡j wk¶K cÖwZwU `‡ji mwVK kã msL¨v ej‡eb Ges m‡e©v”P msL¨K kã ejv `‡ji
Rb¨ mevB nvZZvwj †`‡eb| Gev‡i me `‡ji KvMR¸‡jv GKwÎZ K‡i wk¶K GKwU GKwU kã mwVK D”Pvi‡Y
co‡eb Ges wk¶v_©x‡`i mevB‡K Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_ 2/3 evi K‡i D”PviY Ki‡Z ej‡eb| Gfv‡e me¸‡jv kã
cvV †kl K‡i †LjvwU †kl Ki‡eb|

45 |
5| eY© ZvK Kz‡cvKvZ (eY© KvW© I PvU© e¨envi K‡i)
wk¶K cÖ_‡g e‡Y©i KvW©¸‡jv (¯^ieY© I e¨ÄbeY©) †Uwe‡ji Dci ivL‡eb| eY© PvU©¸‡jv (¯^ieY© I e¨ÄbeY©)
mevi mvg‡b †`qv‡j †Svjv‡eb| PvU© Ges KvW© evbv‡bv bv _vK‡j Qwe‡Z †`Iqv D`vni‡Yi g‡Zv K‡i
wk¶v_©x‡`i mv‡_ wb‡q PvU© I KvW© evwb‡q †b‡eb|
Gev‡i KvMR w`‡q GKwU †Qv‡Uv ej evwb‡q †b‡eb| Gici †m ejwU GKRb wk¶v_©xi w`‡K Qz‡o Zv‡K ai‡Z
ej‡eb| Gev‡i wk¶K GKwU eY© KvW© Zz‡j wk¶v_©x‡`i †`Lv‡eb| ej aiv wk¶v_©xi KvR n‡e Zvi nv‡Zi
ejwU Qz‡o Szjv‡bv Pv‡U©i H wbw`©ó e‡Y© jvMv‡Z cviv| hw` ej mwVK eY©‡Z jvMv‡Z cv‡i mevB Zvi Rb¨
nvZZvwj †`‡eb|
Gici H wk¶v_©x ejwU Kzwo‡q wb‡q Ab¨ GKRb wk¶v_©xi w`‡K Qz‡o Zv‡K ai‡Z ej‡e| wk¶K bZzb K‡i
Av‡iKwU eY© KvW© Zz‡j †`Lv‡eb| bZzb wk¶v_©x wk¶‡Ki †`Lv‡bv eY© KvW© †`‡L ej Qz‡o Pv‡U©i wbw`©ó eY©‡Z
jvMv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡e| Gfv‡e †LjvwU Pvwj‡q hv‡eb| cÖwZev‡i hLb †h e‡Y© ej jvMv‡Z n‡e mevB wg‡j †mB
eY©wU ej‡Z _vK‡j e‡Y©i mwVK D”Pvi‡Yi PP©v n‡e|

46 |
 wØZxq w`b
PZz_© Awa‡ekb : gy³ Av‡jvPbv I mgvcbx
mgq : 1 NÈv 15 wgwbU

wkLbdj :
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
1. gy³ Av‡jvPbvq cÖwkÿY wel‡q wb‡Ri Awfe¨w³ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

c×wZ I †KŠkj : gy³ Av‡jvPbv, e³…Zv|

DcKiY : †Uwbm ej, g~j¨vqb wmU|

KvR Ñ 1 : gy³ Av‡jvPbvq cÖwkÿY wel‡q wb‡Ri Awfe¨w³ ejv mgq : 40 wgwbU
cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv gy³ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g GB cÖwkÿ‡Y evsjv wel‡q
wb‡Ri †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡b KZUzKz f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Q †mwel‡q Avgv‡`i AwfÁZv wewbgq Kie|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i e„ËvKv‡i `uvov‡Z ejyb| GKwU †Uwbm ej nv‡Z wb‡q wb‡`©kbv w`‡eb| wb‡`©kbvwU
wb¤œiƒc-
Avgvi nv‡Z GKwU †Uwbm ej Av‡Q| ejwU Avwg cÖ_‡g GKRb AskMÖnYKvixi wbKU Qz‡o †`e|
AskMÖnYKvix ejwU ai‡eb| GLb ej‡eb - Avcwb GB cÖwkÿY †Kvm© †_‡K bZzbfv‡e wk‡L‡Qb
Ggb 1wU welq ejyb|Õ Zvi ejvi ci ejwU Ab¨ Av‡iKR‡bi w`‡K Qzo‡Z ejyb| ejwU ai‡j Zv‡KI
bZzb †Kv‡bv AwfÁZv ej‡Z ej‡eb| wb‡`©kbv w`‡eb †hb cÖ‡Z¨‡K bZzb AwfÁZv †kqvi K‡ib|
†Kv‡bv wee„wZi cybive„wË Kiv hv‡e bv|

• mK‡j cÖwkÿ‡Yi AwfÁZv ej‡Z cv‡i Ggb e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiæb|

KvR Ñ 2 : cÖwkÿ‡YvËi g~j¨vq‡b AskMÖnY mgq : 35 wgwbU

cÖwkÿ‡Ki KiYxq
• AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi msL¨vbymv‡i c~‡e©B g~j¨vqb wmU d‡UvKwc K‡i Zv cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GKwU K‡i weZiY
Kiæb|
• g~j¨vqbc‡Î †`Iqv wb‡`©kbv c‡o DËi wjL‡Z ejyb|
• wbw`©ó mgq †k‡l DËicÎ msMÖn Kiæb|

mgvß

47 |