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The Union Cavalry in the Civil War, Volumes I-III
Winner of the Jules F. Landry Award for 1985
Union Cavalry Under Fire at Reed’s Bridge, Battle of Chickamauga
Drawing by Alfred Waud, from Harper’s Weekly
 STEPHEN Z. STARR

The
Union Cavalry
in the
Civil War

The War in the West

1861—1865

Louisiana State University Press

Baton Rouge and London
 Published by Louisiana State University Press
Copyright © 1985 by Louisiana State University Press
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America

Louisiana Paperback Edition, 2007

First printing

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data (Revised)

Starr, Stephen Z
The Union Cavalry in the Civil War.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
CONTENTS: v. 1. From Fort Sumter to Gettysburg,
1861-1863. —v. 2. The War in the East, from Gettysburg to Appo-
mattox, 1863-1865. —v. 3. The War in the West, 1861-1865
1. United States. Army. Cavalry—History—Civil
War, 1861-1865. 2. United States—History—Civil War,
1861—1865—Campaigns and battles. I. Title.
E492.5-S7 973-741 78-26751
ISBN 0-8071-0484-1 (Vv. 1)
ISBN 0-8071-0859-6 (v. 2)
ISBN 0-8071-1209-7 (V. 3)
ISBN 978-0-807 1-3293-7 (pbk.)

The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and
durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book
Longevity of the Council on Library Resources.)
 To the memory of
the officers and men of the Union cavalry,
whose story this is

The story of the Seventh Kansas will never be written—can never be written. The
story of a few battles—not a tenth part told; a sketch of many skirmishes—but
briefly related, are mere suggestions of four years of energetic action, of hardship
and suffering, and of gratification that strength had been given to endure it all. I
have not told the story of marches under a midday sun that . . . seemed to shrivel
up the brain as you gasp for breath in the dust beaten up by the horses’ feet; of
marches through mud and never-ceasing rain that soaked you, saturated you. . .
of marches through winter storms of sleet and driving snow, without hope of shel-
ter or rest; of struggles against almost irresistible drowsiness when sleep had
been denied you for days and to sleep now would be death; of weeks of tossing in
the fever ward of a field hospital where the oblivion of stupor came to you as a
blessing . . . this part of the story has not been told. The thrill and excitement of
battle were wanting in all this; it was only plain, monotonous duty, made endura-
ble by the grim humor that jeered at suffering and made a joke at the prospect of
death. . . . A cavalry regiment does not usually suffer a heavy loss in any one en-
gagement; it is one here, two or three there—a constant attrition that is ever
wearing away the substance; it is the aggregate that tells the story. The dead are
scattered here and there, buried by the wayside where they fell. Few have been
gathered into the national cemeteries, but they rest as well, and the same glory is
with them, wherever they may sleep.
First Lieutenant and Regimental Ad-
jutant Simeon M. Fox, 7th Kansas Vol-
unteer Cavalry, “The Early History of
the Seventh Kansas Cavalry”
 etn a
ae
tarp ihe
onagA...
en af
iol and wie 0 aaa
suaaarage| ’ ane aa =
zn
iva to aesdhtO ahbhio
rte t oa casseae
Tasie vam ttt toreente freoil late |
tow
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+ 1a Rests OF
 Contents

Preface xii
Come in Your War Array
Let Slip the Dogs of War 27
Fire Answers Fire 50
To War and Arms I Fly 73
Steed Threatens Steed 102
The Weapons of War Perished 125
Waving Banners and Glittering Steel 153
"Twas a Famous Victory 180
Be Ye Men of Valour 205
Feats of Broil and Battle 227
Clouds of Dust. . . in All Directions 250
The Battle to the Strong 275
All the Business of War 306
Amidst the Ranks of War 332
The Flinty and Steel Couch of War 358
War Is Cruelty 391
Tipped with a Line of Steel 415
And Charge with All Thy Chivalry 447
The Valley of the Shadow 474
Once More unto the Breach 503
Swifter than Eagles, Stronger than Lions 527
All Thy Banners Wave 556
XXIII Now the Battle Day Is Past 569
 CONTENTS

Epilogue vf 589
Appendix: The Mutiny of the 15th Pennsylvania 595
Addenda to Bibliography 603
Index 607
 Illustrations

Frontispiece
Union Cavalry Under Fire at Reed’s Bridge, Battle of
Chickamauga
Following page 130
General Kenner Garrard
General David Stanley
General Edward M. McCook
General Washington L. Elliott
Following page 282
General Gordon Granger
General John T. Croxton
Colonel John T. Wilder
Sale aaaa
‘h wa, oN a el

a el i
; rer ‘ag 2 ee ow me
todas an eae

oe
" sciec o A

es
ae i

+ he
 Maps

Western Tennessee 44
Railroad Network: Central and Eastern Tennessee 116
Operations in Arkansas and Louisiana 158
Grierson’s Raid 186
Tullahoma Campaign 236
Battle of Chickamauga 278
Meridian Expedition 378
Battle of Brice’s Crossroads 430
Union Cavalry Operations Around Atlanta; Summer of 1864 456
Battle of Sabine Crossroads, or Mansfield 492
Battle of Westport 516
Battle of Nashville 538
Selma Campaign 564
 Pretace

A COMBINATION OF INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE AND LOVE

affair that began in 1963 has reached its consummation with the com-
pletion of this, the third and mercifully the last, volume of The Union
Cavalry in the Civil War. Volumes | and II described the raising, orga-
nization, equipping, training, and teething troubles of the mainly vol-
unteer Union cavalry, in both East and West, and went on to describe
its development and operations in the East, the painfully slow growth
of its competence at all levels, and its ultimately decisive contribution,
under Philip Sheridan, to the winning of the war.
The present volume tells the far more diffuse story of the Union
cavalry in the West, its development in its own fashion and at its own
pace into an effective element of the Union armies, and its role in the
numerous campaigns that were waged over the length and breadth of
the vast region extending from the Ohio River to the Gulf and from the
Alleghenies to the Kansas-Missouri border.
With few exceptions, the literature—certainly the popular litera-
ture—on the Union cavalry has been of the “Boots and Saddles” vari-
ety, permeated, as were the cavalry recruits in the early months of the
war, with the supposed glamor of the cavalry service. The present
study has had as its objective the portrayal of the life and campaigns of
the Union cavalry as they were experienced and fought by its troopers
and officers. These men had their share of moments of glamor, to be
sure, moments of exaltation, of a sense of accomplishment, of the plea-
Xiv PREFACE

sures of companionship, but these were the intervals of sunshine in

the midst of long spells of hardship, pain, defeat, hunger, boredom,
and fear. The glamor of service in the Union cavalry did not blossom
until, decades after the war, the sedate survivors relived the days of
their youth and wrote their reminiscences and regimental histories.
No one studying the accounts of the Civil War as experienced by
the officers and troopers of the Union cavalry—their wartime letters
and diaries—can fail to be impressed, and at times moved, by their
dedication and patriotism. They were guilty of every sin in the long
catalog of military vices, but they also chose as volunteers to brave
hardships beyond the comprehension of later generations, as well as
the daily risk of mutilation and death, out of a sincerely held belief that
they were, indeed, fighting to ensure “that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people,
by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” For
that reason, this volume is dedicated to their memory.
Out of consideration for the long-suffering reader, to say nothing of
a long-suffering university press, this account does not cover cavalry
operations on the periphery of the Civil War—in Texas and the South-
west, against the Plains Indians in the Northwest, and by the bodies of
pro-Union and pro-Confederate Indian cavalry in what is now Okla-
homa. Interesting as these operations may be, they add little to the tale
of the main lines of development of the Union cavalry in the fighting in
the more settled lands farther east. For the same reason, considerably
less than justice has been done to the contributions of the horse artil-
lery to the operations of the cavalry brigades and divisions to which
they were attached.
It is impossible to be immersed in a study like this for any length of
time without being constantly aware of areas that one must regretfully
leave untouched. For example, who produced the millions of horse-
shoes the cavalry needed? What was the source of the many thou-
sands of saddles and sets of tack issued to the cavalry, and of the
leather from which such items were produced? On a less mundane
plane, much more could be said about certain facets of the life of the
cavalry in the days and weeks when “nothing was happening,” when,
except for caring for their horses and performing the routine duties of
camp, they had their time and energy and thoughts to themselves.
What were their reactions to news of their families’ lives back home or
to political developments, local and national? How did they view life
around them when they got south of the Mason and Dixon Line? What
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