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 Reclaiming Archaeology

Archaeology has been an important source of metaphors for some of the key intellectuals of
the twentieth century: Sigmund Freud, Walter Benjamin, Alois Riegl and Michel Foucault,
amongst many others. However, this power has also turned against archaeology, because the
discipline has been dealt with perfunctorily as a mere provider of metaphors that other intel-
lectuals have exploited. Scholars from different fields continue to explore areas in which archae-
ologists have been working for over two centuries, with little or no reference to the discipline.
It seems that excavation, stratigraphy or ruins only become important at a trans-disciplinary
level when people from outside archaeology pay attention to them and somehow dematerialize
them. Meanwhile, archaeologists have been usually more interested in borrowing theories from
other fields, rather than in developing the theoretical potential of the same concepts that other
thinkers find so useful.
The time is ripe for archaeologists to address a wider audience and engage in theoretical
debates from a position of equality, not of subalternity. Reclaiming Archaeology explores how
archaeology can be useful to rethink modernity’s big issues, and more specifically late moder-
nity (broadly understood as the twentieth and twenty-first centuries). The book contains a
series of original essays, not necessarily following the conventional academic rules of archaeo-
logical writing or thinking, allowing rhetoric to have its place in disclosing the archaeological.
In each of the four sections that constitute this book (method, time, heritage and materiality),
the contributors deal with different archaeological tropes, such as excavation, surface/depth,
genealogy, ruins, fragments, repressed memories and traces. They criticize their modernist
implications and rework them in creative ways, in order to show the power of archaeology not
just to understand the past, but also the present.
Reclaiming Archaeology includes essays from a diverse array of archaeologists who have dealt in
one way or another with modernity, including scholars from non-Anglophone countries who
have approached the issue in original ways during recent years, as well as contributors from
other fields who engage in a creative dialogue with archaeology and the work of archaeologists.

Alfredo González-Ruibal was formerly Assistant Professor in the Department of Prehistory,

Complutense University of Madrid. He is now an archaeologist with the Heritage Laboratory
of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC).
 Archaeological Orientations
Series Editors:
Gavin Lucas, University of Iceland, Reykjavík and
Christopher Witmore, Texas Tech University, USA.

An interdisciplinary series that engages our on-going, yet ever-changing, fascination with the
archaeological, Archaeological Orientations investigates the myriad ways material pasts are entan-
gled with communities, animals, ecologies and technologies, past, present or future. From
urgent contemporary concerns, including politics, violence, sustainability, ecology and tech-
nology, to long-standing topics of interest, including time, space, materiality, memory and
agency, Archaeological Orientations promotes bold thinking and the taking of risks in pressing
trans-disciplinary matters of concern.
Providing the comprehensive coverage expected of a companion or handbook, Archaeo­
logical Orientations aims to generate passionate, lively and engaged conversation around topics
of common interest without laying claim to new thematic territories. Archaeological Orientations
asks contributors and readers alike to take two steps back, cautiously and carefully to consider
issues from unforeseen, even surprising, angles. Archaeological Orientations embraces theoretical
provocation, cross-disciplinary debate and open discussion.

Coming soon:

Ruin Memories
Edited by Bjørnar Olsen and Þóra Pétursdóttir
Reclaiming Archaeology
Beyond the Tropes of Modernity

Edited by Alfredo González-Ruibal

First published 2013
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2013 Alfredo González-Ruibal for selection and editorial matter;
individual contributions, the contributors.
The right of Alfredo González-Ruibal to be identified as the author of the
editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been
asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN: 978-0-415-67392-1 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-0-203-06863-2 (ebk)

Typeset in 9.75 on 12 pt Bembo

by Phoenix Photosetting, Chatham, Kent
 Contents

List of figures viii

List of contributors x
Prefacexv

1 Reclaiming archaeology 1
Alfredo González-Ruibal

I
Method31

2 The clearing: archaeology’s way of opening the world 33

Matt Edgeworth

3 Scratching the surface: reassembling an archaeology in and of

the present 44
Rodney Harrison

4 From excavation to archaeological X-Files 56

Dawid Kobialka

5 Digging alternative archaeologies 67

Cristóbal Gnecco

6 Evestigation, nomethodology and deictics: movements in

un-disciplining archaeology 79
Alejandro Haber

7 Archaeology and photography: a pragmatology 89

Michael Shanks and Connie Svabo

8 New cultural landscapes: archaeological method as artistic practice 103

Bárbara Fluxá

v
Contents

II
Time115

9 The business of archaeology is the present 117

Laurent Olivier

10 Which archaeology? A question of chronopolitics 130

Christopher Witmore

11 The politics of periodization 145

Charles E. Orser, Jr

12 Change, individuality and reason, or how archaeology has legitimized a

patriarchal modernity 155
Almudena Hernando

13 Indigeneity and time: towards a decolonization of archaeological temporal

categories and tools 168
Gustavo Verdesio

14 Enacted multi-temporality: the archaeological site as a shared,

performative space 181
Yannis Hamilakis and Efthimis Theou

III
Heritage195

15 The New Heritage and re-shapings of the past 197

Cornelius Holtorf and Graham Fairclough

16 The archaeological gaze 211

Gabriel Moshenska

17 In the shade of Frederick Douglass: the archaeology of Wye House 220

Mark P. Leone, Amanda Tang, Benjamin A. Skolnik and Elizabeth Pruitt

18 Ruin memory: a hauntology of Cape Town 233

Nick Shepherd

19 A thoroughly modern park: Mapungubwe, UNESCO and

Indigenous Heritage 244
Lynn Meskell

20 Days in Hong Kong, May 2011 258

Denis Byrne

vi
 Contents 

21 The charter’d Thames 272

Sefryn Penrose

IV
Materiality287

22 The return of what? 289

Bjørnar Olsen

23 Inside is out: an epistemology of surfaces and substances 298

Paul Graves-Brown

24 Fragments as something more: archaeological experience and reflection 311

Mats Burström

25 Bringing a place in ruins back to life 323

Gastón Gordillo

26 Cutting the earth/cutting the body 337

Douglass Bailey

27 Archaeological remains of oil-based urbanity 346

Camilo José Vergara

Concluding thoughts 353

28 Milieux de mémoire 355

Martin Hall

Index367

vii
 List of figures

10.1 A Caterpillar 950E razes structures in Qurna, Egypt 133

10.2 Photo of a stretch of trapezoidal wall below the Apostolos Gatsos Municipal
Library in Ermioni, Greece from the north 136
10.3 A trapezoidal wall conspires with a fishing net, weights and fishing hooks, metal
ladder, water pipes, a washbasin, water dispenser, liquid soap, hand mirror
(formerly a rear-view car mirror), rubbish bin, various liquid containers, a hand
broom, a volunteer fig tree, stone tile, seven plastic storage crates, a grape vine,
rear dividing wall, a shade tree, numerous nails, an array of fasteners set in between
the joints of the blocks, metal implements, a tin-covered roof, the door jamb of
the rear door to the house 136
15.1 Uses of heritage requiring the management of change: the Roman wall of Ljubljana
(Iulia (A)emona) 200
15.2 New uses for old terraces: remains of the past embedded in everyday life-worlds
of the present, Samos 203
15.3 The New Heritage includes fictionalized heritage championed by contemporary
visitors. The image shows the final page of Ystad’s guide for fans of Inspector
Wallander205
15.4 Everyday heritage for sale: a more inclusive narrative? 207
17.1 Poster for events surrounding the dedication of the first statue to Frederick
Douglass on Maryland’s Eastern Shore 222
17.2 Fossilized pollen like those found at Wye House, showing vegetation used in the
nineteenth century 224
17.3 Diagram showing the process used to locate a pair of slave quarters at Wye House 229
19.1 Cultural heritage guide Allie Chauke at Mapungubwe Hill 247
19.2 Apartheid era military graffiti at the Confluence site, Mapungubwe National Park 248
19.3 Workers’ housing for Samaria farms inside Mapungubwe National Park 250
19.4 Interviewing the Sematla family who still live within the park 253
19.5 Meeting with the Vhatwanamba at the Royal Kraal, near Thoyandou 254
20.1 Street scene in the Mid Levels 261
20.2 The clock at the old Bank of China 263
20.3 The old Bank of China loading dock from inside the plaza of the Hong Kong
Shanghai Bank 265
20.4 A public housing estate in Shek Kip Mei 268
20.5 Location of the telephone booth in Days of Being Wild, Conduit Road 270
21.1 Free Trade Wharf, June 2011 275
21.2 Sustrans Thames Bridge 276

viii
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 Figures   

21.3 The Millennium Dome partially obscured by aggregate at the Victoria Deep
Water Terminal, June 2011 278
21.4 Beckton gasworks following the assault on Huế, 1987 280
21.5 Chinese mitten crab from the Thames 282
21.6 Container shipping at Tilbury Docks, June 2011 283
23.1 A glass hammer 303
24.1 The Laocoön and His Sons 312
24.2 Henry Fuseli, The Artist Overwhelmed by the Grandeur of Antique Ruins, 1778–1779 315
24.3 Constantin Brancusi, ‘Fragments of a Torso’, 1910 317
24.4 John Kindness, ‘Scraping the Surface’, 1990 320
25.1 Southeast Salta 325
25.2 The old plaza of Piquete de Anta, 2003 327
25.3 ‘This was what the town must have looked like.’ Piquete de Anta the day before
the procession, September 2006 330
25.4 The procession for the Lord and the Virgin of the Miracle 332
25.5 Celebrating gaucho geographies: gauchos on parade at the end of the procession 333
27.1 1418 Fallon St. Philadelphia, 2005/Broadway at Chelton St., Camden, 2003 347
27.2 Broadway and Lester Terrace, Camden, 2007/E158 St. by 3rd Ave., Bronx, 1978 348
27.3 Eagle and Westchester Aves, Bronx, 1970/interior of Rio Piedras Theater,
Broadway at Stocton, Brooklyn, 1996 349
27.4 Livernois Ave. at Joy, Detroit, 1999/South Bronx, 1970 350
27.5 St Ann’s Ave. at E161 St., South Bronx, 1994/SW corner of 8th Ave. and Addams,
Gary, Indiana, 1997 351
27.6 Taylor St. at Arthington, Chicago, 1988/view along Blake Ave. towards Junius
St., Brooklyn, 1991 352

ix
 List of contributors

Mats Burström is Professor of Archaeology at the University of Stockholm. His research

focuses on archaeological theory and the archaeology of the recent past. Recent books include
World Crisis in Ruin: The Archaeology of the Former Soviet Nuclear Missile Sites in Cuba (Bricoleur
Press, 2011) and Treasured Memories: Tales of Buried Belongings in Wartime Estonia (Nordic Aca-
demic Press, 2012).

Douglass Bailey is Professor of Anthropology at San Francisco State University. He is a spe-

cialist in the Prehistory of Eastern Europe and has directed projects in Bulgaria and Roma-
nia. His current work focuses on the archaeology of art and visual culture and celebrates the
complexities of representation, material culture and the role of the human senses in under-
standing the past in the present. In relation to this, he has been studying topics as diverse
as prehistoric anthropomorphic figurines, Surrealist periodicals, and early twentieth-century
photography.

Denis Byrne is Manager of the cultural heritage research programme at the Department of
Environment and Conservation NSW in Sydney. He is also adjunct Professor at the Trans/
forming Cultures Centre, University of Technology, Sydney. He specializes in studies of the
social value of cultural heritage places and landscapes. His most recent book is Surface Collection:
Archaeological Travels in Southeast Asia (AltaMira, 2007).

Matt Edgeworth is Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Leicester and currently
working freelance in commercial archaeology. He obtained his BA (1987) and a PhD (1992)
in Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Durham. His books include Acts of
­Discovery (Archaeopress, 2003), Ethnographies of Archaeological Practice (AltaMira, 2006), and Fluid
Pasts: Archaeology of Flow (Bloomsbury Academic, 2011).

Graham Fairclough worked for thirty-five years for English Heritage (UK) in most areas of
archaeological, heritage and historic landscape policy and practice. He has worked with the
implementation of both the Florence and the Faro Conventions. Currently mainly a free spirit,
he is a Visiting Fellow at Newcastle University and co-editor of the journal Landscapes.

Bárbara Fluxá has a degree in Fine Arts and a Certificate of Advanced Studies by the Com-
plutense University of Madrid and a PhD from the London Institute of Art. Throughout her
professional career she has worked on the interaction between art, memory and landscape, both
in academia and in several exhibitions and artistic projects developed during the last fifteen
years, www.barbarafluxa.blogspot.com.

x
 Contributors 

Alfredo González-Ruibal is an archaeologist with the Institute of Heritage Sciences (Incipit)

at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). His work focuses primarily on the archae-
ology of the recent past. He has studied the negative effects of modernity (wars, colonialism,
mass emigration, dictatorship and predatory capitalism) in Spain, Brazil, Ethiopia and Equato-
rial Guinea. Recent publications include articles in World Archaeology, Journal of Anthropological
Archaeology and Antiquity.

Cristóbal Gnecco is professor at the Department of Anthropology, Universidad del Cauca

(Colombia), where he works on the political economy of archaeology, geopolitics of knowl-
edge, and discourses on Otherness. He currently serves as a co-editor of the WAC journal
Archaeologies.

Gastón Gordillo is Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of

British Columbia. A Guggenheim scholar, he is the author, among other books, of Landscapes
of Devils: Tensions of Place and Memory in the Argentinean Chaco (Duke, 2005, winner of the
American Ethnological Society Sharon Stephens Award) and Sediments of History: Ruins and the
Destruction of Space (Duke, forthcoming).

Paul Graves-Brown is trained as a prehistorian, but moved to the study of modern material
culture in the mid 1990s. He has edited several books, including Matter, Materiality and Modern
Culture (Routledge, 2000) and the forthcoming Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Con­
temporary World. His research topics have included Duchamp’s ‘Fountain’, the AK47, shopping
centres/non-places, the first ascent of Everest, graffiti, pop music heritage and the archaeology
of the internet. He is currently studying changing concepts of the future.

Alejandro Haber is Professor at the Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (Argentina) and

an independent researcher at the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técni-
cas (CONICET). He has been researching the theoretical and methodological assumptions of
archaeology from different approaches, including sociology, history and philosophy of archae-
ology. He is regionally specialized in the South Central Andes, and has conducted research in
the same area for decades. He is particularly interested in challenging Western assumptions as
codified within the archaeological discipline while developing wider conversations with local
and Quechua-Aymara epistemes, within the postcolonial context of frontier expansion.

Martin Hall is Vice Chancellor of the University of Salford. He is also Professor Emeritus, Uni-
versity of Cape Town, where he is affiliated with the Graduate School of Business. Previously
Professor of Historical Archaeology, he was inaugural Dean of Higher Education Development
and then Deputy Vice-Chancellor at UCT (from 1999 to 2008). He is a past president of the
World Archaeological Congress and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of South Africa and of
the University of Cape Town. He is an accredited mediator with the Africa Centre for Dispute
Settlement.

Yannis Hamilakis is Professor of Archaeology at the University of Southampton. He has been

researching and writing on two main interconnected areas. The first has to do with bodily expe-
rience, sensoriality, and trans-corporeal interaction. Topics such as the links between the pho-
tographic and the archaeological, the archaeology of eating and drinking, and the emergence
of a non-anthropocentric zooarchaeology are investigated as part of this corporeal framework.
The second is the politics of the past, the decolonization of the archaeological enterprise and

xi
Contributors

the links between archaeology and the public. The reconstitution of the field of archaeological
ethnography, and the investigation of the interplay between the national and the colonial in the
formation of the archaeological (see for example, his Nation and its Ruins: Antiquity, Archaeol­
ogy and National Imagination in Greece, OUP, 2007, 2009) are some specific themes within this
broader research area.

Rodney Harrison is a Lecturer in Museum and Heritage Studies at the Institute of Archaeology,
University College London. He is the (co-)author or (co-)editor of around a dozen books and
edited volumes and over fifty refereed journal articles and book chapters on a range of topics,
with particular foci on archaeologies of the present and recent past, historical archaeologies of
colonialism, critical heritage studies and the history of museums, archaeology and anthropol-
ogy. Recent books include After Modernity: Archaeological Approaches to the Contemporary Past
(written with John Schofield, OUP, 2010), Heritage: Critical Approaches (Routledge, 2012) and
The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Contemporary World (edited with Paul Graves-
Brown and Angela Piccini, OUP, 2013). He is currently Chair of the Contemporary and His-
torical Archaeology in Theory (CHAT) Group.

Almudena Hernando is Associate Professor at the Department of Prehistory of the Com-

plutense University of Madrid. Her work has focused on feminist theory, identity and person-
hood, archaeological theory, and ethnoarchaeology. She has conducted ethnoarchaeological
work in Guatemala and Brazil. Her most recent book is La fantasía de la individualidad: Sobre la
construcción sociohistórica del sujeto moderno [The Fantasy of Individuality: On the Sociohistorical
Construction of the Modern Subject] (Katz, 2012).

Cornelius Holtorf is Professor of Archaeology at Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden, where

he directs the Heritage Studies degree programme. His research interests include contemporary
and applied archaeology and he currently works on questions about time travelling, zoos and
nuclear waste.

Dawid Kobialka is an archaeologist and cultural anthropologist. He holds an MA in Archaeol-

ogy from the University of Kalmar (Sweden) and is currently a PhD student at Adam Mickie-
wicz University, Poznan (Poland).

Mark P. Leone is a Professor in the Department of Anthropology, University of Mary-

land, College Park. He has been Director of Archaeology in Annapolis since 1981. Work in
Annapolis continues to serve the needs of historic preservation in the city through the sci-
entific and scholarly work of undergraduates and doctoral students in the department under
his direction.

Lynn Meskell is Professor of Anthropology at Stanford University. Her research interests

include a broad range of fields, including ethnography in South Africa, Egyptian archaeology,
identity and sociopolitics, gender and feminism, and heritage ethics. Her fieldwork has exam-
ined the constructs of natural and cultural heritage and the related discourses of empowerment
around the Kruger National Park, ten years after democracy in South Africa. Another field
project is focused on the social constitution of the figurine worlds at Çatalhöyük, Turkey.
Her new research focuses on the role of UNESCO in terms of heritage rights, sovereignty
and international politics. Her most recent book is The Nature of Heritage: The New South Africa
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2011).

xii
 Contributors 

Gabriel Moshenska recently completed a Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellow-
ship at UCL Institute of Archaeology, focusing on the history of public archaeology in nine-
teenth and early-twentieth-century Britain. He has a PhD in the archaeology of the modern
conflict and works on material cultures of childhood in modern conflict as well as excavating
and surveying Second World War-era Civil Defence sites in and around London. His research
in public archaeology includes studies of alternative archaeologies, archaeological themes in
supernatural fiction, and the socio-economic, political and psychological dimensions of public
interactions with archaeology and the material past.

Laurent Olivier is head curator of the Department of Iron Age at the Museum of National
Antiquities, Saint Germain-en-Laye (Paris). His research focuses on the European Iron Age
and archaeological theory. He is the author of The Dark Abyss of Time: Archaeology and Memory
(AltaMira, 2012, French edn, 2008).

Bjørnar Olsen is Professor of Archaeology at the University of Tromsø. He has worked on

northern and Sámi prehistory and history, museology, and archaeological theory. Between
2009 and 2012 he ran the project Ruin Memories: Materiality, Aesthetics and the Archaeol-
ogy of the Recent Past. He is the author of In Defense of Things. Archaeology and the Ontology of
Objects (AltaMira, 2010), and Archaeology, The Discipline of Things (co-authored with M. Shanks,
T. Webmoor and C. Witmore, California University Press, 2012).

Charles Orser is curator of historical archaeology at New York State Museum. Research inter-
ests include modern-world analysis, diaspora and heritage studies, race, class and material cul-
ture, colonialism, globalization and consumerism. His books include A Historical Archaeology of
the Modern World (Plenum, 1996) and The Archaeology of Race and Racialization in Historic America
(University Press of Florida, 2007).

Sefryn Penrose is an archaeologist and heritage consultant with Atkins, and is the author of
Images of Change: An Archaeology of England’s Contemporary Landscape (English Heritage, 2007).
She is currently engaged on an extensive investigation into the landscape of postwar deindus-
trialisation in Britain, its place in archaeological and heritage discourse. She is also half-way
through an ongoing project to swim the length of the Thames from source to sea.

Elizabeth Pruitt is a PhD student in the Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland,

College Park, focusing on the greenhouse and gardening at the Wye House plantation. She is
looking not only at the Euro-American scientific gardening conducted by the Lloyd family,
but also at the influences that the enslaved and other labourers may have had on the garden
landscape.

Michael Shanks is the Omar and Althea Dwyer Hoskins Professor of Classical Archaeology at
Stanford University and Director of the Stanford Humanities Lab. He is a key figure in con-
temporary archaeological theory and a prolific author of books, articles, and web 2.0 materials.
His most recent book is The Archaeological Imagination (LeftCoast, 2012).

Nick Shepherd is an Associate Professor in the Centre for African Studies at the University of
Cape Town, South Africa. He has been a member of the Executive Committee of the World
Archaeological Congress, and is co-editor of Archaeologies: Journal of the World Archaeological Con­
gress. His work has focused on the politics of memory and heritage in South Africa, on histories

xiii
 Contributors

of knowledge production in African archaeology, and on questions of archaeological theory

and ethics. This includes two collections: Desire Lines: Space, Memory, and Identity in the Post-
apartheid City (with M. Hall and N. Murray, Routledge, 2007), and New South African Keywords
(with S. Robins, Jacana Media and Ohio University Press, 2008).

Benjamin Skolnik is a PhD student in the Department of Anthropology, University of Mary-

land, College Park. His research focuses on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century plantation
landscapes throughout the Chesapeake. He uses GIS and remote sensing techniques, including
LiDAR mapping, to study surviving colonial landscapes.

Connie Svabo is Assistant Professor at Roskilde University where she forms part of a human
geography group. Her research focuses on the relations between people, places and mediating
technologies in visitors’ encounters with heritage sites and museums. Michael Shanks and Connie
met when she spent a few months as a Faculty Fellow of Media X at Stanford University in 2012.

Amanda Tang is a PhD student in the Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland,

College Park, and has received her Masters in Applied Anthropology. As a zooarchaeologist,
her dissertation concentrates on the foodways of enslaved African Americans and the Edward
Lloyd family at the Wye House plantation from the late eighteenth century until Emancipation.

Efthimis Theou studied archaeology at the University of Crete (2004), theatre at the Athens
Conservatory (2008) and is currently working in both fields. His main academic interest is
the conjunction of performance and archaeology and he has created, along with others, the
works: Kalaureia (Sanctuary of Poseidon, Poros Island), The Meal (Neolithic site at Koutroulou
Magoula, Fthiotis), and Gavdos: The house (Minoan site at Katalymata, Gavdos island).

Gustavo Verdesio is associate professor in the Department of Romance Languages and Lit-
eratures and the Program in Latin American Culture at the University of Michigan. He is the
author of Forgotten Conquests. Rereading New World History from the Margins (Temple University
Press, 2011) and the editor of Colonialism Past and Present (with Álvaro F. Bolaños, SUNY Press,
2001).

Camilo José Vergara is is a Chilean-born, New York-based writer, photographer and docu-
mentarian. From the mid 1970s he has been photographing American ghettoes, neighbour-
hoods, ruined spaces and their transformation through time. Among his many books are
American Ruins (Monacelli Press, 1999), Unexpected Chicagoland (New Press, 2001) and How
the Other Half Worships (Rutgers University Press, 2005). In 2002 he was awarded a McArthur
Foundation Grant.

Christopher Witmore is Associate Professor of Archaeology and Classics at Texas Tech Uni-
versity. His main research concentrates on land and chorography; things and the new material-
isms; the history of archaeology; science and technology studies; and media. He is co-author of
Archaeology: The Discipline of Things (2012), co-editor of Archaeology in the Making (2013), and
co-editor of the Routledge Archaeological Orientations series with Gavin Lucas.

xiv
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