The Art of Zootopia Jessica Julius Download Full Chapters
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THE ART OF Disnep
CHRONICLE BOOKS
SAN FRANCISO
Creating an animated film involves years of inspired collaboration and the highest levels of
artistry. Before the final rendered images of Zootopia were seen on screens around the world,
the following artists contributed their talents to the digital images included in this book:
6
FOREWORD
Z ootopia had to be something new. We knew that from the beginning.
There have been dozens of animated animal films, many from our
own studio, so we were determined to make our film unique by asking
learned—about how human cities grow, what creatures need when they’re
gathered together in large populations, the personalities of different
animals—into the soul of this all-animal world. Zootopia quickly took on a
ourselves one big question: Who created this world? life of it’s own, and it was bigger and more alive than any of us had ever
Zootopia is a world created entirely by animals, for animals. Walt Disney imagined. The city has thousands of elements, from multiple environments
Animation has a wonderful legacy of films where animals talk and walk like desert, rainforest, and tundra to mammals of all kinds, in every possible
upright, from Pinocchio to The Jungle Book to Robin Hood. Our love for size, each with distinct types of fur. It also has all the things that make human
those movies inspired us to make a film like that for today’s audiences. But cities distinct—a blend of ancient and modern architecture, lots of vehicles,
figuring out what, exactly, this world, its creatures, and its story would look and dust in the atmosphere.
like was its own evolutionary process. The talents of hundreds of people, Over the course of four years, the film’s story changed drastically.
and many thousands of ideas, all came together to create a film that we What began as a 1960s-era spy caper morphed into a mystery set in the
hope will stand alongside those Disney classics and open up new worlds present day underscored by a theme of how bias affects all of us. But our
for our audiences. artists were always resilient and so steeped in research that they were able
Initially, we envisioned Zootopia as a futuristic, idealized City of Tomorrow. to evolve their designs along with the changing story. A huge amount of
But through our research, we came to understand that cities are a reflection of amazing artwork for characters and environments was created. Many of
their inhabitants’ history and lifestyles, and that Zootopia had to evolve as a these pieces got repurposed for other uses, but some of our favorites
human city does. It had to have layers built up over time to make it feel like didn’t end up making it into the film in the end. But in our minds, the
a place that truly exists. John Lasseter challenged us to find the cool details city of Zootopia is a big enough place that it contains a lot more stories,
that are specific and unique in this world, which would help make Zootopia locations, and inhabitants than can be seen in a single film. This book is
so fun and appealing. Practical needs like accommodating animals of all a small way to showcase some of the remarkable art that doesn’t appear
sizes are solved with the design of multiscaled buildings and trains. Real- on-screen, as well as the art that does.
world biological details, such as the fact that in nature prey animals outnumber Zootopia is a film about recognizing that our world is complicated, that
predators ten-to-one, affect how the characters behave and move through life is complicated . . . for all of us. The film also says that the challenges we
their lives. Audiences also need to relate to what’s on-screen in order to feel face each day are made bearable by leaning on one another and learning
truly immersed in the film’s world and invest in the characters. They should together. In making this film, we have leaned on and learned from every
recognize their own experiences, but with an animal twist. So, of course one of the brilliant filmmakers that surround us here at Disney Animation,
the DMV is staffed by sloths! All of this creates those extra layers to make and their brilliance shows in every frame of Zootopia.
Zootopia feel like a real, functional city and a believable animated world. —Byron Howard and Rich Moore
The Zootopia team did months of research: visiting zoos and museums,
talking to experts in multiple fields, even travelling thousands of miles to
observe wild animals in the grasslands of Kenya. We then distilled all we had
7
Matthias Lechner / digital
INTRODUCTION:
CREATING ZOOTOPIA
W hat if animals evolved to human-levels of intelligence and civilization?
What if they lived in a world inhabited only by them? What would
a city built by animals look like? These were the imagination-stirring
an espionage story called Savage Seas. “The protagonist was a rabbit spy,
very James Bond in nature, named Jack Savage,” Howard laughs. “It was
fun, but every time we pitched it, everyone always said that the first act,
questions that inspired Walt Disney Animation Studios’ Zootopia. which was set in the animal city, was the most interesting part. So we lost
Zootopia began as all feature films do at Walt Disney Animation Studios: the spy element, as well as the ’60s vibe, and let the animal city inspire
as one of several different ideas pitched by a director to chief creative the whole movie.” Howard kept the bunny character as well, and started
officer John Lasseter and president Ed Catmull. In the case of Zootopia, brainstorming ideas for the other creatures that could populate this all-
director Byron Howard (Tangled, Bolt) pitched six ideas, including an animal universe. “I kept drawing a fox character. Foxes are natural predators
all-animal twist on the classic literary tale The Three Musketeers, a 1960s of rabbits, so I thought it would make a great buddy dynamic.”
B-movie–style story about a six-foot-tall mad doctor cat on a deserted What began to emerge was a comedic detective story set in an all-
island who turned children into animals, and a film about a bounty hunter animal city starring Judy Hopps, an optimistic bunny cop, and Nick Wilde,
pug in space. “John loved the quirky quality of the 1960s world and the a scam artist fox. It would become the fifty-fifth feature film from Walt
animal characters from the space pug concept,” recalls Howard. “It was his Disney Animation Studios.
idea to mesh the world of one with the characters of the other.” It was time to hire a screenwriter. Howard read scripts and met with a
Howard began developing a new idea that blended those elements few candidates. Then he sat down with Jared Bush, a writer best known at
together. When he pitched his new take for the film, it had evolved into the time for his work in television (Penn Zero: Part Time Hero; All of Us).
“I knew immediately Jared was the guy. His writing is insanely smart, but it
also has a playful quality that I love, especially in animated films. It was just
so clear he was the dude to do this.”
Bush was thrilled to work with Howard, on Zootopia in particular. “When
I met Byron, it was like we’d known each other for a thousand years,” he says.
“Our sensibilities for this movie were so similar. Since I was a kid, I have
obsessively loved animals of all kinds. When I was hired, it was still a spy
movie, and my dad and grandpa had been in the CIA. And the pitch had
all the elements that inspired me to become a screenwriter in the first
place—real stakes, fun character dynamics, and an unbelievable, expansive
new world to play in.”
The film Howard and Bush were imagining was hugely ambitious in
scope, and Howard knew he would need a crackerjack production crew to
help realize that vision. With that in mind, Howard asked Clark Spencer
10
Spencer continues, “When 2-D designs are translated into 3-D models it
can be difficult to maintain their appeal—the charm inherent in a character
that is artistically enjoyable to look at. Cory expertly managed that process.”
Howard concurs. “Cory is a mad genius. He designed hundreds of unique
animals for this movie. And the 3-D model of every character looks like a
beautiful drawing from every angle.”
Loftis worked closely with the department heads of modeling, rigging,
simulation, and look development to make the designs work, and he’s proud
of the entire design team. “There are so many characters in this film that
it was tough for everyone to sit in one room to evaluate everything. So we
worked in smaller teams, with the department supervisors for each character
working together so everyone was on the same page.” Loftis continues, “It’s
a huge movie and it would be out of control if we didn’t trust each other.”
The filmmakers set out to bring a variety of voices into the story and
editorial departments. They hired Fabienne Rawley (The Insider, Monster
House), an editor with mostly live-action experience, because, Spencer says,
they liked her approach. “She is very thoughtful about how to edit films, and
cares deeply about this project. Fabienne asks the right questions about
the characters and story, and she’s great with emotion.” Josie Trinidad
Byron Howard / digital
11
Byron Howard / digital
12
joined the crew early on as head of story, her first time in the role. Bush Wreck-It Ralph, says, “Scott’s very smart and strategic, but he also deeply
was especially pleased to have Trinidad leading the story artists. “The concept cares about the art.” That combination was important because Zootopia
of the film was a bit weird and dark for a lot of people early on. Prejudice is had a fundamental artistic ambition that directly influenced a massive
a tough idea to talk about. But Josie got it.” They also asked Jim Reardon technical challenge—creating believable fur. “We have a cast of furry
(Wreck-It Ralph, Wall-E) to be co-head of story. The pairing worked well. characters who we want to look believable, not like stuffed toys,” says
“Josie and Jim are a great team,” says Moore. “Josie is always thinking about Kersavage. “We have foxes, bunnies, sheep, polar bears, porcupines, as well
emotion and character, while Jim is focused on comedy and structure. as animals like elephants and rhinos with thick, scaly hides. They all have
They balance each other well.” fur, but each type of fur is different in how it moves, how light bounces off
Spencer and Howard selected Scott Kersavage (Wreck-It Ralph, Brother it, whether it looks coarse or fluffy. We had to develop a brand new tool in
Bear) for VFX supervisor. Spencer, who had worked with Kersavage on Hyperion [Disney’s proprietary rendering software] for that.”
The rest of the production team came together quickly. As co-heads of
animation, Renato dos Anjos and Tony Smeed led their department with
passion and tenacity. “Renato is able to articulate what the directors are
seeking in the movement, timing, and believability of the animation,” says
Kersavage. “And Tony has a great sense of acting and emotion.” Brian Leach
and Nathan Warner were brought on as directors of cinematography, with
Leach focused on lighting and Warner on layout. Both have strong back-
grounds in photography but were new to leadership roles. “Brian and Nathan
are impressive artists, and they’re also good collaborators,” says Kersavage.
Together, Leach and Warner pushed boundaries in their departments,
using new types of lenses, innovative camera movements, and lighting that
captures dust or water vapor in the air to give a sense of atmosphere.
Spencer says his team-building philosophy is all about balance. “On
this film, we worked with a lot of new people—new to the studio or new
in their roles. You don’t want everyone to be first timers, but it’s also nice
to give people an opportunity—just like Hopps gets her chance in the
film as the first bunny cop on the ZPD [Zootopia Police Department].”
Spencer smiles as he reflects on the crew. “We have a great team that
really gelled. Everyone feels supported and enjoys what they’re doing,
which shows up onscreen.”
“This film has a lot of inherent challenges,” says Howard. “Even so, I
wanted it to have the playfulness I love in films like Robin Hood, Monster’s Inc,
and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. We’re wrestling with big themes in
Zootopia. But a sense of humor permeates everything because there are so
many elements to play with—the scale, the variety of animals, the parallels
between human behavior and animal experiences. It’s a rich environment
we hope audiences want to immerse themselves in.”
Byron Howard / digital
13
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