TÀI LIỆU Tài

KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE

Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 12
Listen and complete the sentences.
1. My phone number is …………………………….
2. Call this number for more information: …………………………….
3. For our store hours and locations, please call: …………………………….
4. Hurry! Call this number and win $1,000: …………………………….
5. Dr.Wilson’s phone number is…………………………….
6. Hello? Is this…………………………….
7. You can call my work number: ……………………………, extension…………………
8. Excuse me, did you say your phone number was …………………………….?
9. I have a new phone number. It’s …………………………….
10. Mary’s phone number is …………………………….
11. For a complete listing of today’s movies, please call …………………………….
12. I have the taxi company’s phone number, so let’s call a taxi. It’s …………………………….
13. I’m sorry, but you have the wrong number. This isn’t …………………………….
14. Sam’s cell phone number is …………………………….
15. Let’s order food from ‘Burger Palace’. Their number is …………………………….
16. Excuse me, could you please repeat that? Did you say…………………………….?

Track 13
Write down the street names you hear
1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

15

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

UNIT 2. GAP FILLING - FORM/ NOTE/TABLE COMPLETION

Track 14
Questions 1-6
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD for each answer.
SELF-DRIVE TOURS IN THE USA
Example
Name: Andrea Brown
Address: 24 1………………………. Road
Postcode: 2. ……………………….
Phone: (mobile) 3. ……………………….
Heard about company from: 4……………………….

Track 15
Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer
TAXI FOR YOU
th
Pick-up: Wed 6 July
Date and time: 1. ……………………….
Name of passenger: Sam William
Pick-up point
No.&street: 2. ………………………. Willowside bank
Town: 3. ……………………….
Postcode: 4. ……………………….
Mobile contact: 5. ……………………….
Destination: Heathrow – terminal 5

16

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 16
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
SILVER TULIP HOTEL
Number of nights: 1. ……………………….
Type of nights: doulbe – king-sized bed
Name: Edward 2. ……………………….
Home address: 3. ………………………. Avenue, Cambridge
Postcode: 4……………………….
Transport: 5……………………….
Meals:6……………………….
Date of arrival: 7……………………….

Track 17
Complete the notes. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Alice works on 1. ……………………….
-grows 2. ……………………….
-keeps 3. ………………………., ducks and cows
-worst part of job: going out in winter to feed 4. ……………………….
-likes working outdoors in the 5. ……………………….
-trucks deliver to 6. ……………………….
-supplies 7. ………………………. with milk, eggs, cheese
-sells directly to 8. ………………………. in farm shop.

17

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 18
Questions 1-5
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
THORNDYKE’S BUILDERS
Example
Customer heard about Thorndyke’s from a friend

Name: Edith 1……………………….

Address: Flat 4, 2………………………. Park Flats
(Behind the 3………………………. )
Phone number: 875934
Best time to contact customer: during the 4……………………….
Where to park: opposite entrance next to the 5……………………….

Track 19
Questions 1-4
Complete the form below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Early Learning Childcare Centre Enrolment Form
Example
Parent or guardian: Carol Smith
Personal Details
Child’s name: Kate
Age: 1……………………….
Address: 2……………………….Road, Woodside, 4032
Phone: 3. ……………………….
Childcare Information
Days enrolled for: Monday and 4. ……………………….

18

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 20
Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Registration form
Example Answer
Type of crime reported robbery

Name Anna 1. ……………………….

Date of birth 2. ……………………….
Address: 3. …………………………… Street
Postcode: 4. ……………………….
Nationality: Grenadian

Track 21
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
ITALIANBREAKS
Example
Destination: Venice

Name: John 1. ……………………….

Mobile number: 2. ……………………….
Number of people: 3. ……………………….
Holiday length: 4. ……………………….
Hotel Scotland: 5. ………………………. star

19

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 22
Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
CAR INSURANCE
Example Answer
Name: Patrick Jones
Address: 1. ………………………. Greendale
Contact number: 2. ……………………….
Occupation: 3. ……………………….
Size of car engine: 4. ……………………….cc
Manufacturer: Hewton Model: 5. ……………………….
Year: 6. ……………………….
Previous insurance company: Northern Star
Any insurance claims in the last five years? Yes.
If yes, give brief details: Car was 7. ………………………. in 1999.

Track 23
Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
HOMESTAY APPLICATION
Example Answer
Surname: Yuichini
First name: 1. ……………………….
Sex: female
Nationality: 2. ……………………….
Passport number: 3. ……………………….
Age: 28 years
Present address: Room 4. ………………………., Willow College
Length of homestay: approx 5. ……………………….
Course enrolled in: 6. ……………………….

20

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 24
Questions 1-7
Complete the table below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Event Cost Venue Notes

Example Also appearing:
Jazz The 1……………………….
Tickets available Carolyn Hart (plays the
band school
for £15 2………………………. )
Prize: tickets for 4……………………….
Duck Start behind held at the end of the festival.
£1 per duck
races the 3………………………. Ducks can be bought in the
5……………………….
Flower Prizes presented at 5 pm
Free 6………………………. Hall
show by a well-known 7……………………….

Track 25
Complete the table below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Price
Number of days Total distance Includes
(per person)
• accommodation
Trip One 12 days 1……… km £525 • car
• one 2…………………..
• accommodation
Trip Two 9 days 980 km 3 £………… • car
• 4……………………….

21

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 26
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Area Work to be done Notes

Replace the 1……………………….
Fix tomorrow
in the door
Kitchen
Strip paint and plaster approximately one
Paint wall above the 2……………………….
3………………………. in advance
One 4………………………. needs
Garden
replacing (end of garden)

Track 27
Complete the form below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Accommodation Form - Student Information
Example
Type of accommodation: Hall of residence

Name: Anu 1……………………….

Date of birth: 2……………………….

Country of origin: India

Course of study: 3……………………….

Number of years planned in hall: 4……………………….

Preferred catering arrangement: half board

Special dietary requirements: no 5………………………. (red)

22

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 28
Questions 1-5. Complete the table below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Apartments Facilities Other Information Cost
Rose Garden Example
studio flat £219
Apartments entertainment programme: Greek dancing

Blue Bay large salt-water swimming • just 1………………. metres from

£275
Apartments pool beach
• near shops

2………………… A terrace watersports £490

partments
- Greek paintings
• overlooking 4…………………
The Grand 5 £………
• near a supermarket and a disco
- 3………………………

Track 29
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
GREEK ISLAND HOLIDAYS
Insurance Benefits Maximum Amount

Cancellation
6 £……………………….
£600. Additional benefit allows a
Hospital
7………………………. to travel to resort

8…………………… departure Up to £1000. Depends on reason.

Personal belongings Up to £3000; £500 for one 9……………………….

Name of Assistant Manager: Ben 10……………………….

Direct phone line: 081260 543216

23

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 30
Complete the table below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Health Centres
Name of centre Doctor’s name Advantage
Example
The Harvey Clinic especially good with 1………………….
Dr Green
The 2…………………. Health
Dr Fuller Offers 3…………………. appointments
Practice

The Shore Lane Health

Dr 4………………….
Centre

Track 31
Questions 7-10. Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Talks for patients at Shore Lane Health Centre
Subject of talk Date/Time Location Notes
useful for people with
25th
Giving up smoking room 4 asthma or 7………………….
February at 7pm
problems
the 8………………….
Healthy eating 1st March at 5pm anyone welcome
(Shore Lane)
Avoiding injuries 9th March at
room 6 for all 10………………….
during exercise 9………………….

24

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 32
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
HIRING A PUBLIC ROOM
Example
• the Main Hall - seats 200

Room and cost

• the 1………………………. Room - seats 100
• Cost of Main Hall for Saturday evening: 2 £………………………. + £250 deposit
(3………………………. payment is required)
• Cost includes use of tables and chairs and also 4……………………….
• Additional charge for use of the kitchen: £25
Before the event
• Will need a 5………………………. licence
• Need to contact caretaker (Mr Evans) in advance to arrange 6……………………….

Track 33
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Example
Name: Roger Brown
Age: 18
Currently staying in a 1 ………………………. during the week
Postal address: 17 2………………………. Street, Stamford, Lines
Postcode: 3……………………….
Occupation: student and part-time job as a 4……………………….
Studying 5 ………………………. (major subject) and history (minor subject)

25

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

UNIT 3. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Track 34
Questions 7-10
Answer the questions below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
7 What does the student particularly like to eat? …………………………
8 What sport does the student play? …………………………
9 What mode of transport does the student prefer? …………………………
10 When will the student find out her homestay address? …………………………

Track 35
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
1. Which floor is the library coffee shop on? …………………………
2. What does Sandra like to do there? …………………………
3. Where is the silent zone? …………………………
4. How many people live in Sandra’s house? …………………………
5. What does Tom often do near Sandra’s house? …………………………

Track 36
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1. What do men spend twice as much as women on? …………………………
2. What do women spend most on? …………………………
3. Which group spends most on eating in restaurants? …………………………

26

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 37
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
1. What else are the students going to research? …………………………
2. How many countries do they know of where festivals involve water? …………………………
3. What three meanings can water have? …………………………
4. What do water festivals celebrate? …………………………
5. How are the Carnival and the seasons linked? …………………………

Track 38
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1. What is the most common crime in the UK? …………………………
2. What two forms of theft does the policewoman mention? …………………………
3. What should people leave in the hotel? …………………………
4. What kind of mobile is popular with thieves? …………………………

Track 39
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1. What are tourists advised not to wear in the street? …………………………
2. Where should tourists not go after dark? …………………………
3. In some parts of Latin America, where do thieves often take money from tourists? …………………………

27

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

UNIT 4. THỰC HÀNH DẠNG GAP-FILLING

Track 40
Questions 1-6
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
PRESTON PARK RUN
Details of run
Day of Park Run: Example : Saturday
Start of run: 1 …………………………………
Time to start: 2 …………………………………
Length of run: 3 …………………………………
At end of run: 4 …………………………………
Best way to register: 5 …………………………………
Cost of run: 6 £ ………………………………

Questions 7-10
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
VOLUNTEERING
Contact name: Pete 7 …………………………………
Phone number: 8 …………………………………
Activities: setting up course
9 …………………………………the runners
10 …………………………………for the weekly report

28

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 41
Questions 1-5
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
SARAH’S HEALTH & FITNESS CLUB
MEMBERSHIP FORM
Example:
First name: Harry
Last name: 1 ……………
Date of birth: 2 …………… Year: 1996
Type of membership: 3 ……………
Activities: Badminton and 4 ……………
Payment details: Total: £450
To be paid 5 ……………

Question 6 – 10
Answer the questions below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Lifestyle questionaire
What exercise do you do regularly? 6 ……………
Do you have any injuries? 7 ……………
What is your goal or target? 8 ……………
What is your occupation? 9 ……………
How did you hear about the club? 10 ……………

29

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 42
Questions 1-10
Complete the form below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

City transport lost property enquiry

Example
Main item lost: suitcase
Description of main item: black with thin 1 ……………stripes
Other items: A set of 2 ……………keys
Some documents
A 3 ……………in a box
A blue 4 ……………
Journey details
Date and time 2.00 – 2.30 pm on 5 ……………
Basic route caller travelled from the 6 ……………….to Highbury
Mode of travel: caller thinks she left the suitcase in a 7 ……………
Personal details
Name: Lisa 8 ……………
Address: 15A 9 ……………Road, Highbury
Phone number: 10 ……………

30

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 43
Questions 1-10
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Accommodation form: rental properties

Example:
Name: Jane Ryder
Contact telephone number: 1(0044) ……………
Email address: 2 richard@……………co.uk
Occupation: a local 3 ……………
Type of accommodation: a 2-bedroom apartment wanted (must have its own 5……………)
No 5 ……………required (family bringing theirs)
A 6……………in the kitchen is prefertable
Preferred location: near a 7 ……………
Maximum rent: 8 ……………per month
Other requests: the accommodation has to be 9 ……………in the daytime
How did you first hear about us? Through a 10 ……………

31

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 44
Questions 1-16
Complete the table below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Hostel accommodation in Darwin

Name Price per person Comments and reviews
(dorm rooms)
Example $19 • Parking available
Top End Backpackers • Staff are 1 ……………
• Nice pool
• Air-conditioning is too 2 ……………
Gum Tree Lodge 3 $ …………… • Good quiet location
• Pool and gardens
• 4 …………… in the dormitories
Kangaroo Lodge $22 • Downtown location
• Reception at the lodge is always open
• No lockers in the rooms
• The 5 …………… are very clean
• Seems to be a 6 ……………every night

Questions 7 – 10
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Kangaroo Lodge
Address: on 7 …………… Lane
General information about hostel accommodation
• Sheets are provided
• Can hire a 8 ……………
• 9 …………… is included
• a shared 10 …………… is available

32

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

UNIT 5. THỰC HÀNH DẠNG GAP-FILLING (TIẾP THEO)

Đối với các bài tập từ Track 45 tới track 55, trong quá trình nghe, các bạn có thể tua đi tua lại đoạn chứa đáp án
nhé, nghe bao nhiêu lần cũng được, cố gắng tập trung để bạn có thể viết được đáp án.
Sau khi vừa nghe được đáp án của câu 1, các bạn bấm “Pause” để dừng lại và viết đáp án nhé, có thể tua lại đáp án
để nghe. Đối với dạng bài tập này, mình KHÔNG nghe 1 mạch, mình nghe, dừng và tua lại liên tục vì mục đích của
bài tập là mình viết được đáp án đúng.

Track 45
Welcome to the Fiddy Working Heritage Farm. This open-air museum gives you the experience of
(1)………………………………………………………………………. in the English countryside at the end of the
nineteenth century. So you’ll see a typical farm of that period, and like me, all the staff are dressed in clothes of
that time.

I must give you some (2)………………………………………………………………………. before we go any further. As

it’s a working farm, please don’t (3)………………………………………………………………………. the animals . We
have a lot here, and many of them are breeds that are now quite rare.

And do stay at a (4)………………………………………………………from the tools : some of them have

(5)…………………………………………………… which can be pretty (6)………………………………, so please don’t
(7)………………………………them. We don’t want any accidents, do we?

The around is very uneven, and you might slip if you're wearing sandals so I'm glad to see you're all wearing
(8)………………………………- we always advise people to do that.

Now, children of all ages are very welcome here, and usually even very young children love the
(9)………………………………………………………………, so do bring them along next time you come.

I don’t think any of you have brought dogs with you, but in case you have, I’m afraid they'll have to stay in the
(10)………………………………, unless they’re (11)………………………………. I’m sure you’ll understand that they
could (12)…………………………………………………………on a farm.

33

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 46
MAN:
First of all, let me thank you all for coming to this public meeting, to discuss the future of our town. Our first
speaker is Shona Ferguson, from Barford town council. Shona.

SHONA:
Thank you. First I’ll briefly give you some (1)………………………………………………………………, then I’ll be asking
you for your comments on developments in the town.

Well, as you don’t need me to tell you, Barford has changed a great deal in the last (2)……………………………….
These are some of the main changes.

Fifty years ago, buses linked virtually every part of the town and the neighbouring towns and villages. Most people
used them frequently, but not now, because the bus companies (3)………………………………on just the routes that
attract most (4)………………………………. So parts of the town are no longer served by buses . Even replacing
(5)………………………………with smart new ones has had little impact on passenger numbers. It’s sometimes said
that bus (6)………………………………are too high, but in relation to
(7)………………………………………………………………, fares are not much higher than they were 50 years ago.

Changes in the (8)………………………………are affecting the town. The centre was recently closed to traffic on a
trial basis, making it much (9)………………………………for pedestrians. The impact of this is being measured. The
new cycle paths separating bikes from cars in most main roads, are being used far more than was expected,
reducing traffic and (10)………………………………………………………………. And although the council’s attempts
to have a (11)………………………………constructed have failed, we haven’t given up hope of persuading the
government to change its mind.

Shopping in the town centre has changed over the years. Many of us can remember when the town was
(12)………………………………………………………………going shopping. Numbers have been falling for several
years, despite efforts to attract shoppers, for instance by opening
(13)………………………………………………………………. Some people combine shopping with visits to the town’s
(14)………………………………………………………………. Most shops are small independent stores, which is good,
but many people prefer to use (15)………………………………………………………………………………………………in
nearby large towns, as there are so few well-known chain stores here.

Turning now to (16)………………………………………………………………, the town is served by

(17)………………………………………………………………in several medical practices - fewer than 50 years ago, but
each catering for far (18)……………………………………………………………….

Our hospital closed (19)………………………………………………………………, which means journeys to other towns

are (20)………………………………………………………………. On the other hand, there are more
(21)………………………………than there used to be.

34

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Employment patterns have changed, along with almost everything else. The number of
(22)……………………………………………………………… has increased, making that the main employment sector.
Services, such as (23)………………………………………………………………and accountancy, have grown in
importance, and surprisingly, perhaps, (24)……………………………………………………hasn’t seen the decline that
has affected it in other parts of the country.

35

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 47
On behalf of LP Clubs, I’d like to welcome you all here today. My name’s Sandy Fisher and I'm one of the
(1)………………………………………………..here. Before we start our tour of the club I'll just run through some
(2)………………………………………………..about the facilities we have here, including recent improvements, and
explain the types of (3)………………………………………………..available.

Our greatest asset is probably our swimming pool which at (4)…………………………………………isn't Olympic-
sized. but now we've expanded it to eight lanes, it’s much (5)………………………………………………... This means
there are rarely more than a couple of people at a time in each lane. Unfortunately, there isn’t space for an outdoor
pool here but the glass roof on the swimming pool is partly retractable, which means you can enjoy something of
the (6)……………………………………………………………on warmer days.

Our recently refurbished fitness suite has all the latest (7)…………………………………………………….including ten
new running machines, and a wide range of weight-training machines. Each member is given full training in how to
(8)…………………………………………………………..and there is always a trainer on duty to offer
(9)……………………………………………………………. Although we do have adult-only times after 6 and at certain
times at (10)……………………………………………, children are well catered for. Older children continue to benefit
from a wide range of (11)………………………………………………..; anything from trampolining to
(12)………………………………………………...

36

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 48
Good morning. I’m very pleased to have this opportunity to say a little about two exciting new developments in
the city: the Brackenside Open-Air Swimming Pool and the children’s Adventure Playground in
(1)………………………………………………... As many of you may know, the idea for these initiatives came from
you, (2)……………………………………………….., in the extensive consultation exercise which the
(3)………………………………………………..conducted last year. And they have been realised using money from the
SWRDC - the South West Regional Development Commission.

First of all, Brackenside Pool. As many of the older members of the audience will remember, there used to be a
wonderful (4)………………………………………………..on the sea front 30 years ago but it had to close when it was
judged to be (5)………………………………………………... For the design of this new heated pool, we were very
happy to secure the talents of internationally renowned architect Ellen Wendon, who has managed to combine a
charming 1930s design, which fits in so well with many of the other buildings in the area, with up-to-the-minute
features such as a (6)………………………………………………..- the only one of its kind in the world - which enables
(7)………………………………………………..to be used in the pool.

Now, there has been quite a bit of discussion in the (8)………………………………………………..about whether there
would be enough room for the number of visitors we’re hoping to attract , but the design is deceptive and there
have been rigorous checks about (9)………………………………………………... Also, just in case you were
wondering, we’re on schedule for a (10)………………………………………………..opening date and well within
budget: a testimony to the excellent work of local contractors Hickman’s.

We hope that as many people as possible will be there on (11)………………………………………………... We have

engaged award-winning actress Coral White to declare the pool open and there’ll be
(12)………………………………………………..available at the pool side. There'll also be a
(13)………………………………………………..for the public to decide on the sculpture we plan to have at the
entrance: you will decide which (14)………………………………………………..figure from the city we should have.

37

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 49
Today we're pleased to have on the show Alice Bussell from the Dolphin Conservation Trust. Tell us about the
Trust, Alice.

Well, obviously its purpose is to (1)……………………………………………….in seas all around the world. It tries to
raise people’s awareness of the problems these marine creatures are suffering because of
(2)……………………………………………….and other threats. It started ten years ago and it’s one of the fastest
growing animal charities in the country - although it's still fairly small compared with the big players in
(3)……………………………………………….. We are particularly proud of the work we do
in (4)……………………………………………….- last year we visited a huge number of schools in different parts of the
country, going round to talk to children and young people aged from (5)……………………………………………….. In
fact, about (6)…………………………………….of our members are children. The charity uses its money to support
campaigns - for example, for changes in (7)……………………………………………….and so forth.

It hopes soon to be able to employ its first (8)……………………………………………….biologist - with dolphin

expertise - to monitor populations. Of course, many people give their services on a voluntary basis and we now
have (9)……………………………………………….working in observation, (10)……………………………………………….
and other things.
I should also tell you about the award we won from the Charity Commission last year - for our work in education.
Although it’s not meant an enormous amount of money for us, it has made our activities even more widely
publicised and understood.

In the long term it may not bring in extra members but we’re hoping it'll have this effect.
Is it possible to see dolphins in UK waters?

Yes. In several locations. And we have a big project in the east part of (11)………………………………………………..
This has long been a haven for dolphins because it has very little shipping. However, that may be about to change
soon because (12)……………………………………………….want to increase exploration there. We’re campaigning
against this because, although there’ll be little pollution from oil, exploration creates a lot of
(13)……………………………………………….. It means the dolphins can’t
(14)………………………………………………..

This is how I became interested in dolphin conservation in the first place.

I had never seen one and I hadn’t been particularly interested in them at school. Then I came across this story
about a family of dolphins who had to leave their home in the Moray Firth because of the
(15)………………………………………………. and about a child who campaigned to save them. I couldn't put the
book down - I was hooked.

38

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 50
Welcome to Manham Port, where a thousand years of history are brought to life. All the family can enjoy a day out
at Manham: visit our copper mine, see models of the machinery it used, have your photo taken in nineteenth-
century (1)…………………………, experience at first hand how people lived at different stages throughout history,
and especially how children (2)……………………………………………………………………………….

The port of Manham is located in (3)………………………………………………………………………………, on a bend in

the great River Avon, and developed here because it’s the highest navigable point of the Avon - boats can go no
higher up this river - and proved a handy place to load and unload cargo to and from the sea, which is over
(4)………………………………..away.

A small port was already established here when, about (5)…………………………years ago, tin was discovered
nearby, though it wasn’t until the (6)……………………………………………………, when a tremendous need for
(7)…………………………of all kinds developed, that Manham expanded to become one of the busiest ports in the
country.

And because it was already so busy, prospectors began to look for other minerals, and by the end of the
(8)…………………………………., lead, copper, manganese and arsenic were added to the cargos leaving Manham.

In the early days, the ores had been smelted - or processed - in the same area they were mined. But, as demand
grew, the smelting process required huge factory furnaces or fires to melt the metal from the rock and there was
not enough coal in the local area, so the rocks containing minerals had to be shipped
(9)…………………………………………………….

Sadly, in the twentieth century, the great port of Manham declined, and thousands of workers were forced to
(10)…………………………out of the area.

The building at the port fell into disrepair, and the place became almost forgotten. But then, the Manham Trust
was formed to conserve the (11)……………………………………………………of the area. It organised scores of
(12)……………………………………………………to remove undergrowth to find the original outlines of the
installations. It then brought in paid professionals to match installations with maps of the original port complex
and to set about reconstructing it.

Today you can see the results of this ambitious programme of (13)………………………….
The intention, and we believe this will be realised before the end of the year, is to return Manham Port to the
condition it reached at its peak as 'the greatest copper port in the country’.

39

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

UNIT 6. MAP LABELLING

BÀI TẬP

Track 51
Track 3 . Listen and write the correct letter (A – G), next to these questions (1 – 3)
1. Gift shop 2. Restaurant 3. Picnic area

40

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 52
Listen and write the correct letter (A – G), next to these questions (1 – 5)
1. Bus stop 2. Train station 3. Tube entrance
4. Transport ticket office 5. Taxi rank

41

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 53
Track 8. Listen and write the correct letter (A – H), next to these questions (1 – 5)

1. Brown hall
2. Blake Residence
3. Queens Building
4. Parkway Flats
5. Temple Rise

42

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 54

43

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 55

Có 4 người nói (A, B, C, D), mỗi người chỉ đường tới địa điểm nào trong bản đồ?
1. A: The speaker gives directions to the …………………………..
2. B: The speaker gives directions to the …………………………..
3. C: The speaker gives directions to the …………………………..
4. D: The speaker gives directions to the …………………………..

44

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 56
Questions 15-20
Label the map below.
Write the correct letter A-I, next to Questions 15-20.

15 Scarecrow ……… 18 Black Barn ………

16 Maze ……… 19 Covered picnic area ………
17 Cafe ……… 20 Fiddy House ………

45

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 57
Questions 17-20
Label the plan below.
Write the correct letter, A-G, next to Questions 17-20.

17 box office ………

18 theatre manager’s office ………
19 lighting box ………
20 artistic director’s office ………

46

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 58
Questions 17-20
Label the plan below.
Write the correct letter, A-H, next to Questions 17-20.
Basement of museum

17……… restaurant
18 ……… café
19……… baby-changing facilities
20……… cloakroom

47

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 59
Questions 17-20
Label the map below.
Write the correct letter, A-l, next to questions 17-20.

17……… bird hide

18……… dog-walking area
19……… flower garden
20……… wooded are

48

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

UNIT 7. MULTIPLE CHOICE

BÀI TẬP

Track 60
1. The survey found that the majority of students drink
A. water B. coffee C. tea
2. What point does the speaker make about skiing?
A. A small percentage of the US is suitable for skiing.
B. A surprisingly large number of Amercans like skiing.
C. A relatively small proportion of Americans have tried skiing.
3. The number of wild elephants in Africa is estimated to be at least
A. 53,000 B. 470,000 C. 690,000
4. According to the speaker, which two can weigh the same?
A. the tongue of a blue whale and an elephant.
B. an elephant and a blue whale
C. A bus and an elephant

Track 61
Choose TWO letters, A-E
New staff at theatre
Which TWO changes have been made so far during the refurbishment of the theatre?
A. Some rooms now have a different use.
B. A different type of seating has been installed.
C. An elevator has been installed.
D. The outside of the building has been repaired.
E. Extra seats have been added.

49

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 62
Questions 1-6
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
Free activities in the Burnham area
Example
The caller wants to find out about events on
A. 27 June. B. 28 June. C. 29 June.

1 The ‘Family Welcome’ event in the art gallery 4 Where will the 4 pm concert of Latin American
begins at music take place?
A .10 am. A. in a museum
B. 10.30 am. B. in a theatre
C. 2 pm. C. in a library

2 The film that is now shown in the ‘Family 5 The boat race begins at
Welcome’ event is about A. Summer Pool.
A. sculpture. B. Charlesworth Bridge.
B. painting. C. Offord Marina.
C. ceramics.
6 One of the boat race teams
3 When do most of the free concerts take place? A. won a regional competition earlier this year.
A. in the morning B. has represented the region in a national
B. at lunchtime competition.
C. in the evening C. has won several regional competitions.

50

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 63
Questions 5-6
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Which TWO of the following are offered free of charge at Shore Lane Health Centre?
A acupuncture C sports injury therapy E vaccinations
B employment medicals D travel advice

Track 64
Questions 11-15
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
Changes in Barford over the last 50 years
11 In Shona’s opinion, why do fewer people use buses in Barford these days?
A. The buses are old and uncomfortable. C. There are not so many bus routes.
B. Fares have gone up too much.

12 What change in the road network is known to have benefited the town most?
A. the construction of a bypass C. the banning of cars from certain streets
B. the development of cycle paths

13 What is the problem affecting shopping in the town centre?

A. lack of parking spaces C. lack of restaurants and cafes
B. lack of major retailers

14 What does Shona say about medical facilities in Barford?

A. There is no hospital. C. The number of dentists is too low.
B. New medical practices are planned.

15 The largest number of people are employed in

A. manufacturing. C. education.
B. services.

51

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 65
Questions 11 and 12.
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Which TWO things does Alice say about the Dolphin Conservation Trust?
A. Children make up most of the membership.
B. It’s the country's largest conservation organisation.
C. It helps finance campaigns for changes in fishing practices.
D. It employs several dolphin experts full-time.
E. Volunteers help in various ways.

Questions 13-15
Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C
13. Why is Alice so pleased the Trust has won the Charity Commission award?
A. It has brought in extra money.
B. It made the work of the trust better known.
C. It has attracted more members.
14. Alice says oil exploration causes problems to dolphins because of
A. noise.
B. oil leaks.
C. movement of ships.
15. Alice became interested in dolphins when
A. she saw one swimming near her home.
B. she heard a speaker at her school.
C. she read a book about them.

52

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 66
1. When can students ask a security officer to walk home with them?
A. in the evening B. after dark C. late at night
2. What does the security officer say students should do if they want to go home late at night and they feel
nervous?
A. They should ring campus security.
B. They should study in the library.
C. They should go home alone.
3. What does the security officer say about national and on campus emergency numbers?
A. They are both 999
B. They are both 3333
C. They are not the same.
4. Why should students call 3333 in an emergency on campus?
A. 999 does not work
B. It is confusing.
C. It is faster.

Track 67
1. What did the travel advisor think about India?
A. It was dangerous.
B. It was organised.
C. It was safe
2. Why does the speaker recommend going to India with a tour group?
A. because it is more fun
B. because it is less risky
C. because they don’t need cash.
3. What did the tour guide tell the tourists not to do?
A. speak their own language
B. go with people they don’t know
C. be nice and friendly

53

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 68
Which THREE activities does Victoria enjoy?
A. comtemporary dance
B. yoga
C. film and drama
D. cycling
E. photography
F. running
G. jazz and tap dancing

Track 69
1. The topic of the presentation is
A. how mobile phones are designed
B. the risks caused by mobile phones
C. how mobile phones are used.

2. The introduction explains the

A. dangers of mobile phones
B. importance of mobile phones.
C. importance of understanding the danger of mobile phones.

3. On the second slide, the students are planning to

A. explain why mobile phones are dangerous.
B. point out some different kinds of risks.
C. mention ways to advoid the risks

4. The tutor suggests

A. not discussing the dangers of mobile phones.
B. discussing the benefits of mobile phones.
C. having an argument.

54

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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UNIT 8. MATCHING

BÀI TẬP

Track 70
What is planned for each of the following facilities?
Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to Questions 16-20.
Plans
A It will move to a new location.
B It will have its opening hours extended.
C It will be refurbished.
D It will be used for a different purpose.
E It will have its opening hours reduced.
F It will have new management.
G It will be expanded.

Facilities
16……… railway station car park
17……… cinema
18……… indoor market
19……… library
20……… nature reserve

55

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Track 71
Questions 11-16
What does the speaker say about each of the following collections?
Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to Questions 11-16.
Comments
A was given by one person
B was recently publicised in the media
C includes some items given by members of the public
D includes some items given by the artists
E includes the most popular exhibits in the museum
F is the largest of its kind in the country
G has had some of its contents relocated

Track 72
Questions 15-20
Which feature is related to each of the following areas of the world represented in the playground?
Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-l, next to questions 15-20.
Areas of the world
• 15……. Asia
• 16……. Antarctica
• 17……. South America
• 18……. North America
• 19……. Europe
• 20……. Africa

56

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Track 73
Questions 16-20
Which dolphin does Alice make each of the following comments about? Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, next
to questions 16-20.
Dolphins
A Moondancer
B Echo
C Kiwi
D Samson

Track 74
Questions 14-18
What is currently the main area of work of each of the following people?
Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 14-18.
Area of work
A advertising (quảng cáo)
B animal care (chăm sóc động vật)
People
C building (xây dựng)
14 Simon (the speaker)
D educational links
15 Liz
E engine maintenance (bảo dưỡng máy
16 Sarah
móc)
17 Duncan
F food and drink
18 Judith
G sales (bán hàng)
H staffing (công việc liên quan đến nhân
công như tuyển dụng, hỗ trợ nhân viên,…)

57

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Track 75
What does Khalidah say about each group of people?
A. see the patients after they have talked to the nurse
B. have had accidents in the work place
C. discover what is wrong with the patients
D. look after patients who are out of danger
E. arrange for patients to go home in an ambulance
F. have had accidents in cars or at home

Track 76
Match the country where they eat this food for lunch.

A. potatoes
B. cereal toast and eggs
C. bread and lentils
D. noodles soup
E. rice and vegetables
F. a sandwich
G. chiken

1. in the UK
2. in India
3. in China

Track 77
What does the speaker say about the following items? Write the correct letter, A, B or C next to questions 1-
4.

A. They are provided in all tents.

B. They are found in central areas of the campsite.
C. They are available on request.

1. barbecues
2. toys
3. cool boxes
4. mops and buckets

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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UNIT 9. DIAGRAM LABELLING

Track 78
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Track 79

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HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Track 80
Questions 11-13. Label the diagram below.
Choose THREE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-E, next to questions 11-13.
A electricity indicator B on/off switch C reset button
D time control E warning indicator

Water Heater

11……

12 ……

13 ……

60

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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PHẦN UPDATE

Track 81.
Questions 21 – 28. Complete the flow-chart below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

61

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Track 82
Questions 31 – 36. Complete the flow-chart below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

62

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Track 83
Complete the flow chart below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

63

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 84
Complete the flow chart below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

64

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 85
Complete the flow chart below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

65

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 86
Questions 1-6: Complete the flow-chart below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Harvesting and Processing Cocoa Beans

Chocolate beans are 1…………………….. and then bags are shipped.

Bags are then 2…………………….. and weighed by machines.

Next chocolate beans are 3…………………….. in a hopper.

After being roasted at a high temperature

Boiled chocolate beans are 4…………………….. and cracked.

Roasted beans need to be 5……………………..

Roasted beans are 6…………………….. in the pocket.

66

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Track 87
Questions 1-4
Complete the flow chart using NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.

Drying-up of Aral Sea

Intensive 1……………………………………… in Central Asian Republics

Drop in water in major tributaries

Total volume of water in lake reduced by 2………………………………………

Increase in wind-blown material

Lake has become more 3………………………………………

Serious effects on 4……………………………………… nearby

67

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Track 88
Questions 1-6: You will hear a trainer giving a talk to people who want to learn outdoor survival skills. Complete the
flow chart below.
Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to questions 1-6.

A. air B. ash C. earth D. grass E. sticks F. stones G. water

Making a steam pit

Dig a pit

Arrange a row of 1……………....over the pit.

Place 2………………..on top.

Light the wood and let it burn out.

Remove 3……………………

Insert a stick.

Cover the pit with 4………………

Place wrapped food on top, and cover it with 5…………………..

Remove the stick and put 6………………… into the hole.

68

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Track 89
Questions 1-3: Complete the flow chart below.
Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

OPERATION NEST EGG

1…………………………………………

2…………………………………………

Chicks returned to wild

RESULT

Survial rate increased from 3…………………………………………

69

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Track 90
Questions 1-4: Complete the flow chart below.
Write ONE WORD for each answer

Research methodology

70

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 91
Questions 1-5: Complete the summary below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Major problems of a company

Since the company opened, there have been many problems with employment, but there is
no 1…………………………………………. He needs to find a venue for financial training. It is very hard to run an
organisation and the 2…………………………………………. is of great importance to staying organised. To enhance the
organisation skills, there is a section on 3………………………………………….in the library where some valuable books
can be found. In addition, the library contains some useful resources, such as a collection of documentaries on
personal organisation, the literature on 4…………………………………………. , and the articles on
the 5……………………………………….

Track 92
Questions 1-7. Complete the summary below.
Write ONE WORD for each answer.

How the extremophiles survive

Access to the sun's heat can create a 1………………………. for some organisms. The deeper the soil, the higher
the 2………………………. of salt. Salt can protect organisms against the effects of 3………………………. even at very
low temperatures.
All living things must have access to 4………………………. water. Salt plays a part in the process
of 6………………………. which prevents freezing. The environment of 5………………………. is similar to the dry
valleys of Antarctica. This research may provide evidence of the existence of extraterrestrial life forms and their
possible 7………………………. on other planets.

Track 93
Questions 1-3: Complete the summary below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

MA in Fashion Design: Assessment

Assessment includes three 1…………………………….. which take place at the end of the stages of the degree. Final
assessment is based on a project, and includes the student's 2…………………………….. in the form of a written
report, and the 3…………………………….. to which representatives of fashion companies are invited.

71

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Track 94
Question 1-3: Complete the summary below.
Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Charity Art Sale

The paintings will be displayed in the Star Gallery and in a nearby 1……………………………......
The sale of pictures will begin at 2……………………………........ (pm) on Thursday, and there will be refreshments
beforehand. The money raised will all be used to help 3……………………………....... children in New Zealand and
other countries.

Track 95
Questions 1-3. Complete the summary below
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Students listen to a 1…………………………………… and draw what they hear or the teacher could describe a picture
and the teacher and students can see whose picture was closest to the original. Each student gets a flash card and
holds up their card when the 2…………………………………… is used in a song, poem or story. Students add a
sentence to a story, including the word on their flash card. The teacher gives the students lyrics with some words
replaced by 3…………………………………… words. Students listen to the song and make corrections.

Track 96
Questions 1-7: Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

How to Choose Flooring Materials

Source
1. There are some man-made materials like…………………………….
2. Before being used, material undergoes…………………………….
3. Wood should be cut and…………………………….
4. Stone should be cut and…………………………….

Selection
5. Aside from environmental factors, one should take……………………………. into account during
construction.
6. Some properties of materials affect mood, such as…………………………,texture, and colour.
7. Use a mathematical formula to choose the type of wood, because……………………………. are subjective,
which are ambiguous in verbal description.

72

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
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Track 97
Questions 1-5: Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

How to kill bad insects

Chemical Method
These solutions to insect problems are often not worthwhile because:
• They are effective on a 1……………………………
• They can bring harm to 2……………………………
• Insects become 3…………………………… to the chemicals quickly.

Biological methods
These methods are 4…………………………… than chemical methods of eliminating harmful insects.

Breeding control method

In order to control the breeding of insects, one needs to understand the insects’ 5……………………………

Track 98
Questions 1-7. Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

“CV and Interview Skills” Semina

- The speaker suggests that the students use the 1……………………………………..when they begin writing
resumes.
- The students should be sure not to keep the CV 2……………………………………..
- A 3…………………………………….. cover letter is useful when applying for a job and should be included.
- The speaker believes the CV should have a beautiful 4……………………………………..
- The CV should not have any spelling and grammar 5……………………………………..
- The words in a CV can describe your 6……………………………………..
- Don’t forget to put down a 7…………………………………….. on the CV.

73

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Track 99
Questions 1-7: Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Penguins in Africa
Appearance and lifestyle
• They are also called Jackass Penguins for the sound they make.
• The 1……………………….of their body remains constant.
• They restrict their 2………………………. on land from dusk till dawn.
• They cannot fly because they have heavy 3……………………….
• They nest under 4……………………….
• They eat tree 5……………………….

Track 100
Questions 1-5: Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST URBAN MIGRATION

Cities now:
• account for 3% of the planet’s land areas
• consume more 1……………………… than the countryside

Advantages for moving into the city:

• good for some 2……………………… to recover
• poor 3……………………… in the countryside
• clean energy: recycling of methane gas produced from 4………………………

For women:
• more likely to have late marriages
• better chance of getting a 5……………………… at work

74

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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V02. CÁCH TÌM TỪ KHÓA

I. TỪ KHÓA KHÔNG BIẾN ĐỔI
 tên người:
Frederick realised the potential of potato but he had to handle the ___________ against
potatoes from ordinary people.
 địa danh:
The water levels in the Toiro River are falling because of ___________.
 từ/cụm từ học thuật:
The Ants, describes a supercolony of the ant Formica yessensis on the Ishikari
Coast of Hokkaido.
 Từ/cụm từ được đặt trong ngoặc nháy hay được in nghiêng/đậm:
Who is the person that first used the word ‘secrendipity’?
 Số*: in 1780

II. TỪ KHÓA BIẾN ĐỔI

1. Đồng nghĩa

Trong câu hỏi Trong bài văn

enough sufficient

10 years a decade

30% about a third

50% half

2. Bị động – Chủ động

The government should invest money in education

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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
3. Thay đổi thể loại từ
He decided to visit his relatives last week.

4. Thay đổi trật tự từ trong câu

English is one of the compulsory subjects in school.

III. CÁC BƯỚC ĐI TÌM TỪ KHÓA

1. Tea and beer both helped to prevent dysentery in Britain.

2. Roy Porter disagrees with Professor Macfarlane’s findings.

3. After 1740, there was a reduction in population in Britain.

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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V03. CÁCH ĐOÁN NGHĨA TỪ MỚI

PP1. DỰA VÀO TỪ LOẠI

• Ex 1. Authority doesn’t have to inhibit innovation but it often does.

• Ex 2. She liked to wear red and always wore jewelry made of carnelian.

PP 2. DỰA VÀO 1 SỐ CẤU TRÚC

a) Dấu câu

• Ex 1. Nicotine, a colorless drug in tobacco, stains the teeth of chain smokers.

• Ex 2. The soldiers advanced down the small deep-sided gulch (a narrow valley) into an
ambush.

• Ex 3. Metamemory - knowledge about one's memory processes - is helpful in helping

us store and recall information.

b) Từ vựng giải thích nghĩa

• Ex 1. A souk is an open-air marketplace in North Africa.

•
• Ex 2. Criterion means a standard or rule.

c) Cấu trúc tương phản

• Ex 1. My sister is extremely neat in appearance, while she is slovenly in her

housekeeping.

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

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KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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• Ex 2. On the one hand, it has some benefits. On the other hand, it has many major
drawbacks.
d) Cấu trúc tương đồng

• Ex 1. Birds are oviparous; similarly, fish and reptiles lay eggs that hatch outside of the
body.

• Ex 2. Taking out the garbage was an onerous task; likewise, washing dishes can be a
hard job.

e) Cấu trúc thể hiện ví dụ

• Ex 1. Potentates such as kings, queens, and emperors are very powerful and wealthy
people.

• Ex 2. Canines, such as collies, pugs, and poodles, are good pets.

PP3. DỰA VÀO TIỀN TỐ, HẬU TỐ

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Tiền tố Nghĩa Ví dụ

Anti- chống đối, kháng lại Antifan, antivirus

Co- Cùng với, hợp tác Co-worker (đồng nghiệp)

de Giảm Devalue (làm giảm giá trị)

dis Trái ngược, không Disagree (không đồng ý)

illegal (không hợp pháp), impossible (không thể),

il-, im-, in,
không insufficient (không đủ), irregular(không thường xuyên),
ir-, -un
unread (không được đọc)

mis- sai Misunderstand (hiểu sai)

non- không Non-smoking (không hút thuốc)

over- Hơn, quá mức Overuse (sử dụng quá mức)

under- Kém/thấp hơn/chưa Undercooked (chưa chín)

multi- Đa,đa dạng Multi-cultural (đa văn hóa)

Hậu tố Nghĩa Ví dụ

Người hay vật làm 1 hành

-er, -or Teacher, cooker, inventor
động/nhiệm vụ cụ thể

-ism Chủ nghĩa, đạo

Người hay vật làm 1 hành

-ist Scientist (nhà khoa học)
động/nhiệm vụ cụ thể

-able, -ible Có khả năng, có thể Understandable (có thể hiểu được)

-less không Harmless (không có hại)

-ward, - Towards (về phía trước), backwards (về phía

Phương hướng
wards sau)

HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI

 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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V05. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Freya Stark, explorer and writer
Freya Stark travelled to many areas of the Middle East, often alone. Freya Stark was an
explorer who lived during a time when explorers were regarded as heroes. Stark was born in
Paris in 1893. Although she had no formal education as a child, she moved about with her
artist parents and learned French, German and Italian.She entered London University in
1912, but at the start of World War I, she joined the nurse corps and was sent to Italy. After
the war, she returned to London and attended the School of Oriental Studies.

Her studies there led to extensive travel in the Middle Studies, enabling her to eventually
become fluent in Persian, Russian and Turkish. Stark became well known as a traveller and
explorer in the Middle East. She travelled to the Lebanon in 1927 at the age of 33 when she
had saved enough money, and while there, she studied Arabic.

In 1928, she travelled by donkey to the Jebel Druze, a mountainous area in Syria. During
another trip, she went to a distant region of the Elburz, a mountain range in Iran, where she
made a map. She was searching for information about an ancient Muslim sect known as the
Assassions, which she wrote about in Valley of the Assassins (1934), a classic for which she
was awarded a Gold Medal by Royal Geographic Society. For the next 12 years, she
continued her career as a traveller and writer, establishing a style which combined an account
of her journey with personal commentary on the people, places, customs, history and politics
of the Midle East.

Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
1. What word did people use to describe explorers when Stark was alive?
2. What historical event interrrupted Stark’s university education?
3. What did Stark produce while travelling in Iran, in addition to a book?

10

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IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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V06. SENTENCE COMPLETION

The Burden of Thirst
If the millions of women who haul water long distances had a faucet by their door, whole
societies could be transformed.
A. Binayo dropped out of school when she was eight years old, in part because she had
to help her mother fetch water from the Toiro River. The water is dirty and unsafe to
drink; every year that the ongoing drought continues, the once mighty river grows more
exhausted. But it is the only water Foro has ever had.

B. Nearly 900 million people in the world have no access to clean water. Furthermore, 2.5
billion people have no safe way to get rid of human waste. Polluted water and lack of
proper hygiene cause disease and kill 3.3 million people around the world annually,
most of them children.

C. Communities where clean water becomes accessible and plentiful are transformed. All
the hours previously spent hauling water can be used to cultivate more crops, raise
more animals or even start a business. Families spend less time sick or caring for
family members who are unwell.

Complete the sentences. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for
each answer.

1. The water levels in the Toiro River are falling because of …………………………..
2. Globally, the number of people who die each year as a result of using dirty water is
…………………………..
3. When families have clean water, they can spend more time growing
…………………………..

11

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 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
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IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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V07. SUMMARY COMPLETION

Example 1.
Sleep helps reduce errors in memory
Study participants were ‘trained’ by being shown or listening to lists of words. Then, twelve
hours later, they were shown individual words and asked to identify which words they had
seen or heard in the earlier session. One group of students was trained at 10 a.m. and tested
at 10 p.m. after the course of a normal sleepless day . Another group was trained at night and
tested twelve hours later in the morning, after about six hours of sleep. Three experiments
were conducted . In each experiment, the results showed that students who had slept did not
have as many problems with false memory and chose fewer incorrect words.

Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases, A – J, below
Fenn’s Memory Experiments
The groups in the study saw or heard lists of words at (1)……..times of the day. After
(2)…..hours, the groups tried to identify these words correctly in a test. Before the test, one
group had (3)……sleep and chose the words in the evening. The other group has their test in
the morning.
In three experiments, the results were (4)……: the group that had slept during the experiment
remembered (5)……words correctly than the other groups.
A. more
B. complex
C. 12
D. six
E. less
F. ten
G. different
H. no
I. fewer
J. the same

12

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IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Example 2.
The discovery of penicillin.
The discovery of penicillin is attributed to Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming. Fleming
recounted that the date of his breakthrough was on the morning of September 28, 1928. It
was a lucky accident: in his laboratory in the basement of St. Mary's Hospital in London,
Fleming noticed a petri dish containing Staphylococcus culture that he had mistakenly left
open. The culture had become contaminated by blue-green mould, and there was a halo of
inhibited bacterial growth around the mould. Fleming concluded that the mould was releasing
a substance that was repressing the growth of the bacteria. He grew a pure culture and
discovered that it was a Penicillium mould, now known to be Penicillium notatum. Fleming
coined the term "penicillin" to describe the filtrate of a broth culture of the Penicillium mould.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin by on September 28, 1928. He found that

the growth of bacteria on a petri dish was by a blue-green mould that had contaminated
the culture. He realised that the mould was producing a substance that was responsible for
bacterial growth.

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 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
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V08. TABLE/ FLOW CHART COMPLETION

The world’s friendliest city
A. A team of social psychologists from California has spent six years studying the reactions of
people in cities around the world to different situations. The results show that cities where
people have less money generally have friendlier populations. Rio de Janeiro in Brazil,
which is often known for its crime, comes out top, and the capital of Malawi, Lilongwe, comes
third.

B. They carried out a study into the way locals treated strangers in 23 cities around the world.
The team conducted their research through a series of tests, where they dropped pens or
pretended they were blind and needed help crossing the street.

C. The study concludes that people are more helpful in cities with a more relaxed way of
life such as Rio. While they were there, researchers received help in 93 percent of cases, and
the percentage in Lilongwe was only a little lower. However, richer cities such as Amsterdam
and New York are considered the least friendly. Inhabitants of Amsterdam helped the
researchers in 53 percent of cases and in New York just 44 percent. The psychologists found
that, in these cities, people tend to be short of time, so they hurry and often ignore strangers.

Now complete the table. Choose ONE word from the passage for each answer.

% of help
City Positive aspects Negative aspects
received
• People don’t have so
• Friendly inhabitants
Rio de much (2)……….
• More 93%
Janeiro • Has reputation for
(1)………….lifestyle
(3)……………….
• People have little Amsterdam:
T

Amsterdam
E

(4)….. 53%
N

and New richer

I.

• Don’t pay attention to New York:

H

York
T

(5)….. 44%
N
O
U
IE
IL
A

14
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TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI
 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Freya Stark, explorer and writer

Stark was born in Paris in 1893. Although she had no formal education as a child, she moved
about with her artist parents and learned French, German and Italian. She entered London
University in 1912, but at the start of World War I, she joined the nurse corps and was sent to
Italy. After the war, she returned to London and attended the School of Oriental Studies.

Her studies there led to extensive travel in the Middle Studies, enabling her to eventually
become fluent in Persian, Russian and Turkish. Stark became well known as a traveller and
explorer in the Middle East. She travelled to the Lebanon in 1927 at the age of 33 when she
had saved enough money, and while there, she studied Arabic .

In 1928, she travelled by donkey to the Jebel Druze, a mountainous area in Syria. during
another trip, she went to a distant region of the Elburz, a mountain range in Iran, where she
made a map. She was searching for information about an ancient Muslim sect known as the
Assassins, which she wrote about in Valley of the Assassins (1934), a classic for which she
was awarded a Gold Medal by Royal Geographic Society.

For the next 12 years , she continued her career as a traveller and writer, establishing a style
which combined an account of her journey with personal commentary on the people, places,
customs, history and politics of the Middle East.

T
E
N
I.
H
T
N
O
U
IE
IL
A

15
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TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI
 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each
answer.

Freya Stark
Born in Paris in 1893

First formal education at (1)………………………..

Worked as a (2) ………………………..in Italy

Studied at School of oriental Studies

Travelled to the Lebanon where she learned (3) ………………………..

Made a journey to the Syrian mountains on a (4) ………………………..

In 1934 won a (5) ……………………….. for a book

Spent a further (6) ………………………..in the Middle East.

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TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI
 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
Website: www.ielts-nguyenhuyen.com

V09 - PLAN/ MAP/ DIAGRAM COMPLETION

The electric revolution
A. The plan is simple but revolutionary. It starts with the installation of a home charge point,
and through this, the vehicle will be plugged into the electricity grid whenever it is in the
garage, typically at night. In the morning, with the fully charged battery, the car is capable of
as much as 160 km in urban motoring conditions. In addition to the home charge point, the
battery can be topped up by charge point at work and at supermarkets.

B. The battery is linked to a control centre by smart technology inside the vehicle. Better
Place can then ensure that the car is charged with electricity from renewable sources at the
cheapest price. For longer trips, a navigation system directs the driver to the nearest switch
station, where the depleted battery can be replaced with a charged one by a robot within a
couple of minutes.

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TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI
 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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V10. TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN – YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN

Read the following passage about "mass media".
In the late 20th century, mass media could be classified into eight mass media industries:
books, the Internet, magazines, movies, newspapers, radio, recordings, and television. The
explosion of digital communication technology in the late 20th and early 21st centuries gave
rise to the question: what forms of media should be classified as "mass media"? For example,
it is controversial whether to include cell phones and video games in the definition.
Each mass medium has its own content types, creative artists, technicians, and business
models. For example, the Internet includes blogs, podcasts, web sites, and various other
technologies built atop the general distribution network. Internet and mobile phones are often
referred to collectively as digital media, and radio and TV as broadcast media. Some argue
that video games have developed into a distinct mass form of media, in the sense that they
provide a common experience to millions of people across the globe and convey the same
messages and ideologies to all their users.
Are the statements below true, false or not given?
1 In the 21st century, it is widely accepted that there are now more than eight mass
media industries.
2 Digital media can be subdivided into various content types.
3 Video games are the newest mass media platform.
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 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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“All our life, so far as it has definite form, is but a mass of habits,” William James wrote in
1892. Most of the choices we make each day may feel like the products of well-considered
decision making, but they’re not. They’re habits. And though each habit means relatively little
on its own, over time, the meals we order, what we say to our kids each night, whether we
save or spend, how often we exercise, and the way we organize our thoughts and work
routines have enormous impacts on our health, productivity, financial security, and happiness.
One paper published by a Duke University researcher in 2006 found that 40 percent or more
of the actions people performed each day weren’t actual decisions, but habits.
Do the statements below agree with the ideas expressed by the author? Write YES, NO
or NOT GIVEN.
4 The majority of choices we make on a daily basis are conscious decisions.
5 Saving money is the key to financial security.
6 Habits account for at least 40 percent of the things we do each day.

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 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode/
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V11. MATCHING FEATURES

Here today, gone tomorrow
A. In addition, it seems that a high number of visitors return to the poles. ‘ Looking at six
years’ worth of data, of the people who have been to the polar regions, roughly 25 percent go
for a second time ,’ says Louisa Richardson, a senior marketing executive at tour operator
Exodus.

B. Although polar tourism is widely accepted, there have been few regulations up until
recently. At the meeting of the Antarctic Treaty in Baltimore, the 28 member nations adopted
proposals for limits to tourist numbers. These included safety codes for tourist vessels in
Antarctic waters, and improved environmental protection for the continent. They agreed to
prevent ships with more than 500 passengers from landing in Antarctica, as well as limit the
number of passengers going ashore to a maximum of 100 at any one time, with a minimum of
one guide for every 20 tourists. ‘ Tourism in Antarctica is not without its risks ,’ says Downie.
After all, Antarctica doesn’t have a coastguard rescue service.’

C. ‘ So far, no surveys confirm that people are going quickly to see polar regions before they
change ,’ says Frigg Jorgensen, General Secretary of the Association of Arctic Expedition
Cruise Operators (AECO). ‘However, Hillary Clinton and many other big names have been to
Svalbard in the northernmost part of Norway to see the effects of climate change . The
associated media coverage could influence others to do the same.’

D. These days, rarely a week passes without a negative headline in the newspapers. The
suffering polar bear has become a symbol of a warming world, its plight a warning that the
clock is ticking. It would seem that this ticking clock is a small but growing factor for some
tourists. ‘ There’s an element of “do it now” ,’ acknowledges Prisca Campbell, Marketing
T

director of Quark Expeditions, which takes 7,000 People to the poles annually. Leaving the
E
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trip until later, it seems, may mean leaving it too late.

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TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI
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KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Questions 8-12
Look at the following statements and the list of people below.

Match each statement with the correct person, A-D.

NB You may use any letters more than once

8. Some tourists believe they should not delay their trip to the poles.
9. There are some dangers to travelling in Antarctica.
10. Some famous people have travelled to polar regions to look at the impacts of global
warming.
11. Some tourists make more than one trip to the poles.
12. There is no evidence that visitors are hurrying to the poles.

List of People
A. Lousia Richardson
B. Rod Downie
C. Frigg Jorgensen
D. Prisca Campbell

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 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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V12. MATCHING SENTENCE ENDINGS

The Rorschach Test
The Rorschach test, also known as the Rorschach inkblot test, the Rorschach technique, or
simply the inkblot test, is a psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are
recorded and then analysed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both.
Some psychologists use this test to examine a person's personality characteristics and
emotional functioning, especially in cases where patients are reluctant to describe their
thinking processes openly. The test is named after its creator, Swiss psychologist Hermann
Rorschach.

Using interpretation of "ambiguous designs" to assess an individual's personality is an idea

that goes back to Leonardo da Vinci and Botticelli. Rorschach’s test, however, was the first
systematic approach of this kind. The subject, or person taking the test, is shown a set of
inkblot images, and his or her responses are recorded and interpreted by the psychologist.
The underlying assumption is that an individual will class external stimuli based on person-
specific needs, motives and conflicts.

It has been suggested that Rorschach's use of inkblots may have been inspired by German
doctor Justinus Kerner who, in 1857, had published a popular book of poems, each of which
was inspired by an accidental inkblot. French psychologist Alfred Binet had also experimented
with inkblots as a creativity test, and, after the turn of the century, psychological experiments
where inkblots were utilised multiplied, with aims such as studying imagination and
consciousness.

In fact, Rorschach never intended the inkblots to be used as a general personality test, but
developed them as a tool for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. It was not until 1939 that the test
T

was used as a projective test of personality, a use of which Rorschach had always been
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skeptical.
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KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct sentence endings from the box
below.

1) The Rorschach test is often used by psychologists to

2) The test is based on the belief that people will

3) Rorschach’s original aim was not to assess personality, but to

A) test people’s creativity.

B) interpret ambiguous images according to their own specific perceptions of life.

C) diagnose a mental disorder.

D) assess subjects who are unwilling to express their thoughts.

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TẬP - CHIA SẺ TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI
 TÀI LIỆU Tài
KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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VIDEO 13. MATCHING HEADINGS

Traffic Jams — No End in Sight
There are no easy answers to the problems of traffic congestion.
A. Traffic congestion affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens
of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U.S., commuters spend an
average of a full work week each year sitting in traffic, according to the Texas Transportation
Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their
cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.

B. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby
cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is
high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems
to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centers
thanks to congestion pricing.

C. Another way to reduce rush hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime, which lets
employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who
have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow
more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.

List of headings
i. A solution which is no solution
ii. Changing working practices 1. Paragraph A
iii. Closing city centres to traffic 2. Paragraph B
3. Paragraph C
iv. Paying to get in
v. A global problem
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KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE
Ôn Thi Group OWL

IELTS NGUYỄN HUYỀN

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VIDEO 14. WHICH PARAGRAPH CONTAINS

Amundsen's South Pole expedition
A. The first expedition to reach the geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian
explorer Roald Amundsen. He and four others arrived at the pole on 14 December
1911,[n 1] five weeks ahead of a British party led by Robert Falcon Scott as part of the
Terra Nova Expedition. Amundsen and his team returned safely to their base, and later
learned that Scott and his four companions had died on their return journey.

B. Amundsen's initial plans had focused on the Arctic and the conquest of the North Pole
by means of an extended drift in an icebound ship. He obtained the use of Fridtjof
Nansen's polar exploration ship Fram, and undertook extensive fundraising.
Preparations for this expedition were disrupted when, in 1909, the rival American
explorers Frederick Cook and Robert E. Peary each claimed to have reached the North
Pole. Amundsen then changed his plan and began to prepare for a conquest of the
South Pole; uncertain of the extent to which the public and his backers would support
him, he kept this revised objective secret. When he set out in June 1910, he led even
his crew to believe they were embarking on an Arctic drift

C. The expedition's success was widely applauded. The story of Scott's heroic failure
overshadowed its achievement in the United Kingdom, unable to accept that a
Norwegian had been the first person to set foot in the South Pole, but not in the rest of
the world. Amundsen's decision to keep his true plans secret until the last moment was
criticised by some. Recent polar historians have more fully recognised the skill and
courage of Amundsen's party; the permanent scientific base at the pole bears his
name, together with that of Scott.
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Which paragraph contains the following information?

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N
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Write the correct letter A—C on your answer sheet.

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NB You may use any letter more than once.

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1. The success of Roald Amundsen was celebrated worldwide, except in one country.
2. Amundsen only heard about the death of Scott after he has reached the South Pole.
3. The base at the South Pole bears both Amundsen’s name and Scott’s.
4. Amundsen had originally planned an exhibition to the North Pole.
5. When Amundsen decided to aim for the South Pole he did not reveal his intentions.

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VIDEO 15. MULTIPLE CHOICE

Example 1. Part of the passage:
There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: how
did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No-one
has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed.
Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they turn into
myths long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita.

Question:
According to the writer, there are difficulties explaining how the Lapita* accomplished
their journeys because
A) the canoes that have been discovered offer relatively few clues.
B) archaeologists have shown limited interest in this area of research.
C) little information relating to this period can be relied upon for accuracy.
D) technological advances have altered the way such achievements are viewed.

Example 2. Read the following excerpt from a passage about etymology.

Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning
have changed over time. For a language with a long written history, etymologists make use of
texts in these languages, and texts about the languages, to gather knowledge about how
words were used during earlier periods of their history and when they entered the languages
in question.
Etymologists also apply the methods of comparative linguistics to reconstruct information
about languages that are too old for any direct information to be available. By analysing
related languages with a technique known as the comparative method, linguists can make
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inferences about their shared parent language and its vocabulary. In this way, word roots
E
N
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have been found that can be traced all the way back to the origin of, for instance, the Indo-
H
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European language family.

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The word etymology is derived from the Greek word ἐτυμολογία, etymologia, itself from
ἔτυμον, etymon, meaning "true sense", and the suffix -logia, denoting "the study of".
Which TWO of the following statements agree with the information above?
A) Etymology involves the study of historical texts.
B) Some languages are too old for linguists to understand.
C) The ancient Greeks were the first to study the origins of words.
D) Most words have their origins in Indo-European languages.
E) The word ‘etymology’ derives from a word meaning ‘the study of true sense’.

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V02 – CÁCH TÌM TỪ KHÓA

1. Many seed banks are themselves under threat due to a lack of funds.

2. The charity raises money to pay for education and the daily needs of poor people.

3. Persuading people to use trains and buses will always be an uphill struggle.

4. The amount of open space in California has diminished over the last ten years.

5. The farmers of a tribe grow a wide range of plants.

6. Who is the person that first used the word ‘secrendipity’?

7. What did eggs represent on the whole?

8. Who was the first non-Italian architect influenced by Palladio?

9. Who arranged Palladio’s architectural studies?

10. Michael Eisenberg believes in giving children financial incentives to do certain tasks.

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V03 – CÁCH ĐOÁN NGHĨA TỪ MỚI

Hãy vận dụng những phương pháp đoán nghĩa từ mới để đoán nghĩa những từ được in
đậm gạch chân trong các câu dưới đây.

1. Metaphor, a kind of symbol, is an important analytical concept.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The deluge, a flood of rain, threatened to drown the little town.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. They buy real estate such as houses, office buildings, and land.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. They bought luxury items – e.g., Rolls Royces and Rolex watches.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Black is the colour of mourning; at a funeral people wear black clothing.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Her tea was tepid, so she put it in the microwave.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Sleet (half rain and half snow) can be very difficult to drive in due to poor visibility.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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8. The podiatrist told the woman to take the medicine for 5 days and call him if she did
not feel better.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. A tornado (a violent storm of twisting wind) struck Edmonton and caused a lot of
damage.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Giggling involves laughing in a silly way.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. People have gotten lost 10 metres from their homes in blizzard – snowfalls that come
down very quickly.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Another dangerous form of weather is hail (falling balls of ice) which has been known
to get so big that it can break a care windshield.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Breaking even involves making money to pay for business costs but no more.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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14. Many new businesses go bankrupt, which means they lost everything.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. The Big Three are designing radical new cars including vehicles that use radar and
advanced computers.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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V05 - SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other
groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as
woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. And
we mustn’t forget the plants , without whose prior invasion of the land none of the
1
other migrations could have happened.

What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate?
…………………………………….
Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including
breathing and reproduction .
2
Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big
changes as they moved onto land? …………………………………….
Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close
cousins the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted to the full
marine habits of
their remote ancestors. They don’t even come ashore to breed. They do, however, still
3 breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine
incarnation.

Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?

…………………………………….
Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined
bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water.
4
Which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled? …………………………………….

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NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

The New Zealand Ministry of Health has found from research carried out over two
decades that 6-10% of children in that country are affected by hearing loss.
5
For what period of time has hearing loss in schoolchildren been studied in
New Zealand? …………………………………….
Autistic spectrum disorders often result in major difficulties in comprehending verbal
information and speech processing. Those experiencing these disorders often find
sounds such as crowd noise and the noise generated by machinery painful and
6 distressing.

In addition to machinery noise, what other type of noise can upset children
with autism? …………………………………….
It is probable that many undiagnosed children exist in the education system with ' invisible
' disabilities.
7
What term is used to describe the hearing problems of schoolchildren which
have not been diagnosed? …………………………………….
The New Zealand Government has developed a New Zealand Disability Strategy and has
embarked on a wide-ranging consultation process. The strategy recognises that
people experiencing disability face significant barriers in achieving a full quality of life in
areas such as attitude, education, employment and access to services. Objective 3 of the
New Zealand Disability Strategy is to 'Provide the Best Education for Disabled People' by
8
improving education so that all children, youth learners and adult learners will have equal
opportunities to learn and develop within their already existing local school.

What part of the New Zealand Disability Strategy aims to give schoolchildren
equal opportunity? …………………………………….

10

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Example 1.
STEPWELLS
A. Some wells are vast, open craters with hundreds of steps paving each sloping side, often
in tiers. Others are more elaborate, with long stepped passages leading to the water via
several storeys built from stone and supported by pillars, they also included pavilions that
sheltered visitors from the relentless heat. But perhaps the most impressive features are the
intricate decorative sculptures that embellish many stepwells, showing activities from fighting
and dancing to everyday acts such as women combing their hair and churning butter.

B. Down the centuries, thousands of wells were constructed throughout northwestern India,
but the majority have now fallen into disuse; many are derelict and dry, as groundwater has
been diverted for industrial use and the wells no longer reach the water table. Their condition
hasn’t been helped by recent dry spells: southern Rajasthan suffered an eight-year drought
between 1996 and 2004.

C. Today, following years of neglect, many of these monuments to medieval engineering have
been saved by the Archaeological Survey of India, which has recognised the importance of
preserving them as part of the country’s rich history. Tourists flock to wells in far-flung corners
of northwestern India to gaze in wonder at these architectural marvels from 1,000 years ago,
which serve as a reminder of both the ingenuity and artistry of ancient civilisations and of the
value of water to human existence.

Questions 6–8
Answer the questions below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 6–8 on your answer sheet.
6 Which part of some stepwells provided shade for people?
7 What type of serious climatic event, which took place in southern Rajasthan, is mentioned
in the article?
8 Who are frequent visitors to stepwells nowadays?

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Example 2.
WILLIAM HENRY PERKIN
The man who invented synthetic dyes
A. Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal
excretions. Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and
outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so
costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to
be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkin’s discovery was
made.

B. Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making
it the world’s first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no
time in patenting it. But perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin’s reactions to his find was
his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities .

C. Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as
mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice of
Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would
be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low.
So, over the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the
modern chemical industry.

D. With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London.
Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited by product of London’s
gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the world’s first synthetically dyed
material in 1857. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of
France , when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the
necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country.

12

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E. Not to be outdone, England’s Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a mauve
gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the
public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.

F. Although Perkin’s fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the
chemist continued his research. Among other dyes he developed and introduced were
aniline red (1859) and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin’s green. It
is important to note that Perkin’s synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the
merely decorative. The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways. For
instance, they were used to stain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing
researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Artificial dyes
continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing
to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria .

Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.
8 Before Perkin’s discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?
9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?
10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?
11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?
12 In what country did Perkin’s newly invented colour first become fashionable?
13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using
synthetic dyes?
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V06 - SENTENCE COMPLETION

Reading passage Questions
1. In one well-known test, women and men were Tests have shown that odours
able to distinguish by smell alone clothing worn by can help people recognise
their marriage partners from similar clothing worn by the…………… belonging to their
other people. husbands and wives.
2. Odours, unlike colours, for instance, cannot be
named in many languages because the specific Certain linguistic groups may
vocabulary simply doesn’t exist . ‘It smells like . . . ,’ have difficulty describing smell
ONE WORD

we have to say when describing an because they lack

odour, struggling to express our olfactory the appropriate……………
experience
3. Researchers have still to decide whether smell is The sense of smell may involve
one sense or two - one responding to odours proper response to ……………… which
and the other registering odourless chemicals in do not smell, in addition to
the air . obvious odours.
4. Odours are invested with cultural values: smells Odours regarded as unpleasant
that are considered to be offensive in some in certain……………… are not
cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others. regarded as unpleasant in others.
5. The technique survives to this day at a test site in
Florida run by the University of Florida, with
support from the Electrical Power Research Institute EPRI receives financial support
(EPRI) , based in California. EPRI, which is funded from………………
by power companies , is looking at ways to protect
the United States’ power grid from lightning strikes.
6. However, there is still a big stumbling block. The
laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster that takes up The main difficulty associated
TWO WORDS

a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size with using the laser equipment is
and says that a laser around the size of a small related to its………………
table is in the offing.
7. The Sonar and Radar pioneers didn't know it
then, but all the world now knows that bats, or rather Long before the invention of
natural selection working on bats, had perfected the radar, ……………… had resulted
system tens of millions of years earlier; and their in a sophisticated radar-like
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radar' achieves feats of detection and navigation system in bats.

N
I.

that would strike an engineer dumb with admiration.

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Radar is an inaccurate term when

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8. It is technically incorrect to talk about bat 'radar',

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referring to bats because

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since they do not use radio waves. It is sonar.

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their navigation system.

9. The underlying mathematical theories of radar
and sonar are very similar; and much of our
Radar and sonar are based on
scientific understanding of the details of what bats
similar………………
are doing has come from applying radar theory to
them.
10. The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was
largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in The word ‘echolocation’ was first
bats, coined the term 'écholocation' to cover used by someone working as a
both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or ………………
by human instruments.

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Example 1.
THE CONTEXT, MEANING AND SCOPE OF TOURISM
Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an
institutionalised way of life for most of the population. In fact, McIntosh and Goeldner (1990)
suggest that tourism has become the largest commodity in international trade for many
nations and, for a significant number of other countries, it ranks second or third . For example,
tourism is the major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and most
Caribbean countries. In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the
American Express Company, suggest that the travel and tourism industry is the number one
ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West Germany, Hong
Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. However,
because of problems of definition, which directly affect statistical measurement, it is not
possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data about the extent
of world-wide tourism participation or its economic impact . In many cases, similar difficulties
arise when attempts are made to measure domestic tourism.

Questions 11-13
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
11. In Greece, tourism is the most important …………………………………..
12. The travel and tourism industry in Jamaica is the major …………………………………..
13. The problems associated with measuring international tourism are often reflected in the
measurement of …………………………………..
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Example 2.
AUTUMN LEAVES
Canadian writer Jay Ingram investigates the mystery of why leaves turn red in the fall

A. Chlorophyll, although exquisitely evolved to capture the energy of sunlight, can sometimes
be overwhelmed by it, especially in situations of drought, low temperatures, or nutrient
deficiency. Moreover, the problem of oversensitivity to light is even more acute in the fall,
when the leaf is busy preparing for winter by dismantling its internal machinery. The energy
absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules of the unstable autumn leaf is not immediately
channelled into useful products and processes, as it would be in an intact summer leaf. The
weakened fall leaf then becomes vulnerable to the highly destructive effects of the oxygen
created by the excited chlorophyll molecules.

B. Even if you had never suspected that this is what was going on when leaves turn red, there
are clues out there . One is straightforward: on many trees, the leaves that are the reddest
are those on the side of the tree which gets most sun . Not only that, but the red is brighter on
the upper side of the leaf. It has also been recognised for decades that the best conditions for
intense red colours are dry , sunny days and coo nights, conditions that nicely match those
that make leaves susceptible to excess light. And finally, trees such as maples usually get
much redder the more north you travel in the northern hemisphere. It’s colder there, they’re
more stressed, their chlorophyll is more sensitive and it needs more sunblock.

C. What is still not fully understood, however, is why some trees resort to producing red
pigments while others don’t bother, and simply reveal their orange or yellow hues. Do these
trees have other means at their disposal to prevent overexposure to light in autumn? Their
story, though not as spectacular to the eye, will surely turn out to be as subtle and as
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complex.
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Questions 19-22
N
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Complete the notes below.

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Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
A

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Write your answers in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet.

Why believe the ‘light screen’ hypothesis?
• The most vividly coloured red leaves are found on the side of the tree facing the
19…………….
• The 20……………. surfaces of leaves contain the most red pigment.
• Red leaves are most abundant when daytime weather conditions are 21…………….
and sunny.
• The intensity of the red colour of leaves increases as you go further 22…………….

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Example 3.
GIFTED CHILDREN AND LEARNING
A. Internationally, ‘giftedness’ is most frequently determined by a score on a general
intelligence test, known as an IQ test, which is above a chosen cutoff point, usually at around
the top 2-5%. Children’s educational environment contributes to the IQ score and the way
intelligence is used. For example, a very close positive relationship was found when children’s
IQ scores were compared with their home educational provision ( Freeman , 2010). The
higher the children’s IQ scores, especially over IQ 130, the better the quality of their
educational backup, measured in terms of reported verbal interactions with parents, number
of books and activities in their home etc. Because IQ tests are decidedly influenced by what
the child has learned, they are to some extent measures of current achievement based on
age-norms; that is, how well the children have learned to manipulate their knowledge and
know-how within the terms of the test. The vocabulary aspect, for example, is dependent on
having heard those words. But IQ tests can neither identify the processes of learning and
thinking nor predict creativity.

B. Excellence does not emerge without appropriate help. To reach an exceptionally high
standard in any area very able children need the means to learn, which includes material to
work with and focused challenging tuition -and the encouragement to follow their dream.
There appears to be a qualitative difference in the way the intellectually highly able think,
compared with more average-ability or older pupils, for whom external regulation by the
teacher often compensates for lack of internal regulation . To be at their most effective in their
self-regulation, all children can be helped to identify their own ways of learning –
metacognition – which will include strategies of planning, monitoring, evaluation, and choice
of what to learn. Emotional awareness is also part of metacognition, so children should be
helped to be aware of their feelings around the area to be learned, feelings of curiosity or
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confidence, for example.

E
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C. Yet in order to learn by themselves, the gifted do need some support from their teachers.
N
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Conversely, teachers who have a tendency to ‘overdirect’ can diminish their gifted pupils’
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learning autonomy . Although ‘ spoon-feeding ’ can produce extremely high examination

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results, these are not always followed by equally impressive life successes. Too much
dependence on the teachers risks loss of autonomy and motivation to discover. However,
when teachers o pupils to reflect on their own learning and thinking activities, they increase
their pupils’ self-regulation. For a young child, it may be just the simple question ‘What have
you learned today?’ which helps them to recognise what they are doing. Given that a
fundamental goal of education is to transfer the control of learning from teachers to pupils,
improving pupils’ learning to learn techniques should be a major outcome of the school
experience, especially for the highly competent.

Questions 23-26
Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the
passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 23—26 on your answer sheet
23. One study found a strong connection between children’s IQ and the availability of
…………………………………..at home.
24. Children of average ability seem to need more direction from teachers because they do
not have …………………………………...
25. Meta-cognition involves children understanding their own learning strategies, as well as
developing …………………………………...
26. Teachers who rely on what is known as …………………………………..often produce sets
of impressive grades in class tests.

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V07 - SUMMARY COMPLETION

Example 1.
A. Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest that infants' developing understanding that the
movements they see in the mirror are contingent on their own, leads to a growing awareness
that they are distinct from other people . This is because they, and only they, can change the
reflection in the mirror .

B. This understanding that children gain of themselves as active agents continues to develop
in their attempts to co-operate with others in play. Dunn (1988) points out that it is in such
day-to-day relationships and interactions that the child's understanding of his- or herself
emerges. Empirical investigations of the self-as-subject in young children are, however, rather
scarce because of difficulties of communication : even if young infants can reflect on their
experience, they certainly cannot express this aspect of the self directly.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 24-25 on your answer sheet.
How children acquire a sense of identity
First, children come to realise that they can have an effect on the world around them, for
example by handling objects, or causing the image to move when they face a
24……………………. This aspect of self-awareness is difficult to research directly, because of
25 ……………………. problems. E
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Example 2.
Others feel there is more of a case for the theory. Harnessing the wind would not have been a
problem for accomplished sailors like the Egyptians . And they are known to have used
wooden pulleys , which could have been made strong enough to bear the weight of massive
blocks of stone . In addition, there is some physical evidence that the ancient Egyptians were
interested in flight. A wooden artefact found on the step pyramid at Saqqara looks uncannily
like a modern glider . Although it dates from several hundred years after the building of the
pyramids, its sophistication suggests that the Egyptians might have been developing ideas of
flight for a long time . And other ancient civilisations certainly knew about kites; as early as
1250 BC, the Chinese were using them to deliver messages and dump flaming debris on their
foes .

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.
Additional evidence for theory of kite-lifting
The Egyptians had 8 ………………………………….. which could lift large pieces of 9
………………………………….. and they knew how to use the energy of the wind from their
skill as 10 …………………………………..
The discovery on one pyramid of an object which resembled a
11………………………………….. suggests they may have experimented with 12
…………………………………..
In addition, over two thousand years ago kites were used in China as weapons, as well as for
sending 13 …………………………………..
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Example 3.
BEYOND THE BLUE HORIZON
Ancient voyagers who settled the far-flung islands of the Pacific Ocean

A. An important archaeological discovery on the island of Efate in the Pacific archipelago of

Vanuatu has revealed traces of an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of todays,
Polynesians. The site came to light only by chance. An agricultural worker, digging in the
grounds of a derelict plantation , scraped open a grave – the first of dozens in a burial ground
some 3,000 years old. It is the oldest cemetery ever found in the Pacific islands, and it
harbors the remains of an ancient people archaeologists call the Lapita.

B. They were daring blue-water adventurers who used basic canoes to rove across the
ocean. But they were not just explorers. They were also pioneers who carried with them
everything they would need to build new lives – their livestock , taro seedlings and stone
tools. Within the span of several centuries, the Lapita stretched the boundaries of their world
from the jungle-clad volcanoes of Papua New Guinea to the loneliest coral outliers of Tonga.

C. The Lapita left precious few clues about themselves, but Efate expands the volume of data
available to researchers dramatically. The remains of 62 individuals have been uncovered so
far, and archaeologists were also thrilled to find six complete Lapita pots. Other items
included a Lapita burial urn with modeled birds arranged on the rim as though peering down
at the human remains sealed inside. ‘It’s an important discovery,’ says Matthew Spriggs,
professor of archaeology at the Australian National University and head of the international
team digging up the site, ‘for it conclusively identifies the remains as Lapita.’

Questions 27-31
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Completing Summary
E
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Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases, A-J, below.
H
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Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 27-31 on your sheet.

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23
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The Efate burial site

A 3,000-year-old burial ground of a seafaring people called the Lapita has been found on an
abandoned 27 ………. on the Pacific island of Efate. The cemetery, which is a significant 28
………., was uncovered accidentally by an agricultural worker.

The Lapita explored and colonised many Pacific islands over several centuries. They took
many things with them on their voyages including 29 ………. and tools. The burial ground
increases the amount of information about the Lapita available to scientists. A team of
researchers, led by Matthew Spriggs from the Australian National University, are helping with
the excavation of the site. Spriggs believes the 30 ……….
which was found at the site is very important since it confirms that the 31 ………. found inside
are Lapita.

A proof B plantation C harbour D bones E data

F archaeological discovery G burial urn H source I animals
J maps

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Example 4.
THE LITTLE ICE AGE
A. This book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice Age and other climatic
shifts , but, before I embark on that, let me provide a historical context. We tend
to think of climate - as opposed to weather - as something unchanging, yet
humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at least
eight glacial episodes in the past 730,000 years. Our ancestors adapted to the
universal but irregular global warming since the end of the last great Ice Age, around
10,000 years ago, with dazzling opportunism. They developed strategies for
surviving harsh drought cycles, decades of heavy rainfall or unaccustomed cold;
adopted agriculture and stock-raising, which revolutionised human life; and founded
the world’s first pre-industrial civilisations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the
Americas. But the price of sudden climate change, in famine, disease and suffering,
was often high.

B. The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth
century. Only two centuries ago, Europe experienced a cycle of bitterly cold winters;
mountain glaciers in the Swiss Alps were the lowest in recorded memory, and pack ice
surrounded Iceland for much of the year. The climatic events of the Little Ice Age did
more than help shape the modern world. They are the deeply important context for the
current unprecedented global warming . The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze,
however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a
quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the
atmosphere and the ocean. The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and
easterly winds, then switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer
rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms , or to periods of droughts, light
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northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves .

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C. Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult, because

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systematic weather observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North
U
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America. Records from India and tropical Africa are even more recent. For the time
A

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before records began, we have only ‘proxy records’ reconstructed largely from tree
rings and ice cores , supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. We now
have hundreds of tree-ring records from throughout the northern hemisphere, and
many from south of the equator, too, amplified with a growing body of temperature data
from ice cores drilled in Antarctica, Greenland, the Peruvian Andes, and other
locations. We are close to a knowledge of annual summer and winter temperature
variations over much of the northern hemisphere going back 600 years.

Questions 18-22
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.
Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.
Weather during the Little Ice Age
Documentation of past weather conditions is limited: our main sources of knowledge of
conditions in the distant past are 18 …………….and 19 …………….We can deduce
that the Little Ice Age was a time of 20 …………….rather than of consistent freezing.
Within it there were some periods of very cold winters, others of 21 …………….and
heavy rain, and yet others that saw 22 …………….with no rain at all.

climatic
A B ice cores C tree rings
shifts
D glaciers E interactions F weather observations
heat
G H storms I written accounts
waves
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V08 - TABLE/ FLOW CHART COMPLETION

Example 1.
SHEET GLASS MANUFACTURE: THE FLOAT PROCESS
A. Glass, which has been made since the time of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, is little
more than a mixture of sand, soda ash and lime. When heated to about 1500 degrees Celsius
(°C) this becomes a molten mass that hardens when slowly cooled. The first successful
method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning . This method was very effective as the
glass had not touched any surfaces between being soft and becoming hard, so it stayed
perfectly unblemished , with a 'fire finish'. However, the process took a long time and was
labour intensive .

B. Nevertheless, demand for flat glass was very high and glassmakers across the world were
looking for a method of making it continuously. The first continuous ribbon process
involved squeezing molten glass through two hot rollers, similar to an old mangle. This
allowed glass of virtually any thickness to be made non-stop, but the rollers would leave both
sides of the glass marked , and these would then need to be ground and polished. This part
of the process rubbed away around 20 per cent of the glass, and the machines were very
expensive.

Questions 1-8
Complete the table and diagram below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.
Early methods of producing flat glass
Method Advantages Disadvantages

• Glass remained • Slow

1 …………………….
2 ……………………. • 3 …………………….
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• Could produce glass sheets • Glass was 5 …………………….

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of varying 4 ……………………. • 20% of glass rubbed away

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Ribbon
N

• Non-stop process • Machines were expensive

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Example 2.
SECRETS OF THE SWARM
Miller explains that he first really understood the impact that swarm behaviour could have on
humans when he read a study of honeybees by Tom Seeley, a biologist at Cornell University.
The honeybees choose a group which new nest to move to. First, scouts fly off to investigate
multiple sites. When they return they do a ‘waggle dance’ for their spot, and other scouts will
then fly off and investigate it. Many bees go out, but none tries to compare all sites. Each
reports back on just one. The more they liked their nest, the more vigorous and lengthy their
waggle dance and the more bees will choose to visit it. Gradually the volume of bees builds
up towards one site; it’s a system that ensures that support for the best site snowballs and the
decision is made in the most democratic way.

Complete the flow-chart below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.
How honeybees choose a new nest

Honeybee 10…………………………….explore possible nest sites

they perform what is known as a 11…………………………….on their return

other bees go out and report back

enthusiasm and 12…………………………….increase for one particular site

a final choice is reached using a 13……………………………. process.

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Example 3.
THE DOVER BRONZE-AGE BOAT
A. It was 1992. In England, workmen were building a new road through the heart of Dover, to
connect the ancient port and the Channel Tunnel, which, when it opened just two years later,
was to be the first land link between Britain and Europe for over 10,000 years. A small team
from the Canterbury Archaeological Trust (CAT) worked alongside the workmen, recording
new discoveries brought to light by the machines.

B. At the base of a deep shaft six metres below the modern streets a wooden structure was
revealed. Cleaning away the waterlogged site overlying the timbers, archeologists realized its
true nature. They had found a prehistoric boat, preserved by the type of sediment in which it
was buried. It was then named the Dover Bronze-Age Boat.

C. With hindsight, it was significant that the boat was found and studied by mainstream
archaeologists who naturally focused on its cultural context. At the time, ancient boats were
often considered only from a narrower technological perspective, but news about the Dover
boat reached a broad audience. In 2002, on the tenth anniversary of the discovery, the Dover
Bronze-Age Boat Trust hosted a conference, where this meeting of different traditions
became apparent. Alongside technical papers about the boat, other speakers explored its
social and economic contexts, and the religious perceptions of boats in Bronze-Age societies.
Many speakers came from overseas, and debate about cultural connections was renewed.

D. Detailed proposals to reconstruct the boat were drawn up in 2004. Archaeological

evidence was beginning to suggest a Bronze-Age community straddling the Channel, brought
together by the sea, rather than separated by it. In a region today divided by language and
borders, archaeologists had a duty to inform the general public about their common cultural
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heritage.
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E. The boat project began in England but it was conceived from the start as a European
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collaboration. Reconstruction was only part of a scheme that would include a major exhibition
U
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and an extensive educational and outreach programme. Discussions began early in 2005 with
A

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archaeological bodies, universities and heritage organizations either side of the Channel.
There was much enthusiasm and support, and an official launch of the project was held at an
international seminar in France in 2007. Financial support was confirmed in 2008 and the
project then named BOAT 1550BC got under way in June 2011.

F. A small team began to make the boat at the start of 2012 on the Roman Lawn outside
Dover museum. A full-scale reconstruction of a mid-section had been made in 1996, primarily
to see how Bronze-Age replica tools performed. In 2012, however, the hull shape was at the
centre of the work; so modern power tools were used to carve the oak planks, before turning
to prehistoric tools for finishing. It was decided to make the replica half-scale for reasons of
cost and time, and synthetic materials were used for the stitching, owing to doubts about the
scaling and tight timetable.

G. Meanwhile, the exhibition was being prepared ready for opening in July 2012 at the Castle
Museum in Boulogne-sur-Mer. Entitled ‘Beyond the Horizon: Societies of the Channel & North
Sea 3,500 years ago’, it brought together for the first time a remarkable collection of Bronze-
Age objects, including many new discoveries for commercial archaeology and some of the
great treasure of the past. The reconstructed boat, as a symbol of the maritime connections
that bound together the communities either side of the Channel, was the centerpiece.

Questions 1 – 5
Complete the flow chart below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.
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Key events
1992 – the boat was discovered during the construction of a 1………………..

2002 – an international 2……………….was held to gather information

2004 – 3 ……………….. for the construction were produced

2007 – the 4………………..of BOAT 1550BC took place

2012 – the Bronze Age 5……………….. featured the boat and other objects.

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V09 - PLAN/MAP COMPLETION

Example 1.
A CHRONICLE OF TIMEKEEPING
To address this, a variation on the original escapement was invented in 1670, in England. It
was called the anchor escapement, which was a lever-based device shaped like a ship's
anchor. The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each
tooth of the escape wheel , in turn allowing it to turn a precise amount. Unlike the original form
used in early pendulum clocks, the anchor escapement permitted the pendulum to travel in a
very small arc. Moreover, this invention allowed the use of a long pendulum which could beat
once a second and thus led to the development of a new floor-standing case design, which
became known as the grandfather clock.

Questions 9-13
Label the diagram below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.

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How the 1670 lever-based device worked

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Example 2.
TIDAL POWER
A. A marine turbine blade needs to be only one third of the size of a wind generator to
produce three times as much power. The blades will be about 20 metres in diameter, so
around 30 metres of water is required. Unlike wind power, there are unlikely to be
environmental objections. Fish and other creatures are thought unlikely to be at risk from the
relatively slow-turning blades. Each turbine will be mounted on a tower which will connect to
the national power supply grid via underwater cables. The towers will stick out of the water
and be lit, to warn shipping, and also be designed to be lifted out of the water for maintenance
and to clean seaweed from the blades.

B. Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alderney site, where there are powerful currents. The
single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed for the Channel
Islands and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the
cable under the Channel.

C. One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind a turning blade causes air
bubbles. These can cause vibration and damage the blades of the turbines. Dr Bahaj said:
‘We have to test a number of blade types to avoid this happening or at least make sure it
does not damage the turbines or reduce performance. Another slight concern is submerged
debris floating into the blades. So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be. We
will have to make the turbines robust because the sea is a hostile environment, but all the
signs that we can do it are good.

Questions 23-26
Label the diagram below.
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Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
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Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

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An Undersea Turbine

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Example 3.
COLLECTING ANT SPECIMENS
A. Baits can be used to attract and concentrate foragers. This often increases the number of
individuals collected and attracts species that are otherwise elusive. Sugars and meats or
oils will attract different species and a range should be utilised. These baits can be placed
either on the ground or on the trunks of trees or large shrubs. When placed on the ground,
baits should be situated on small paper cards or other flat, light-coloured surfaces, or in test-
tubes or vials. This makes it easier to spot ants and to capture them before they can escape
into the surrounding leaf litter .

B. Many ants are small and forage primarily in the layer of leaves and other debris on the
ground. Collecting these species by hand can be difficult. One of the most successful ways to
collect them is to gather the leaf litter in which they are foraging and extract the ants from it.
This is most commonly done by placing leaf litter on a screen over a large funnel, often under
some heat . As the leaf litter dries from above, ants (and other animals) move downward and
eventually fall out the bottom and are collected in alcohol placed below the funnel. This
method works especially well in rain forests and marshy areas . A method of improving the
catch when using a funnel is to sift the leaf litter through a coarse screen before placing it
above the funnel. This will concentrate the litter and remove larger leaves and twigs. It will
also allow more litter to be sampled when using a limited number of funnels.

Questions 37-40
Label the diagram below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.
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V10 - TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN – YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN

TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN
Defining
True/ False/
Reading passage Questions Not given
and state the
reason why?
It was only after the creation of the FAA that full- The FAA was created
scale regulation of America’s airspace took as a result of the
place, and this was fortuitous , for the advent of introduction of the jet
the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large engine.
1
number of very fast planes, reducing pilots’
margin of error and practically demanding some
set of rules to keep everyone well separated and
operating safely in the air.
As a student at the City of London School, Michael Faraday was
Perkin became immersed in the study the first person to
of chemistry. His talent and devotion to recognise Perkin’s
the subject were perceived by his ability as a student
2
teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him of chemistry.
to attend a series of lectures given by
the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at
the Royal Institution .
Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s Perkin employed August
3 attention and, within two years, he Wilhelm Hofmann as his
became Hofmann’s youngest assistant assistant.
At the time, quinine was the only viable medical The trees from which
treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from quinine is derived grow
4 the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South only in South America.
America, and by 1856 demand for the drug
was surpassing the available supply.
During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his Perkin hoped to
time in the laboratory on the top floor of his manufacture a drug
family’s house. He was attempting to from a coal tar waste
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5
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manufacture quinine from aniline, an product.

N
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inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste

H
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product .
N
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Marie Curie is probably the most famous woman Marie Curie’s husband
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Sklodowska in Poland in 1867, she is famous for both Marie’s Nobel

her work on radioactivity, and was twice a Prizes.
winner of the Nobel Prize. With her husband,
Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, she was
awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics, and
was then sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for
Chemistry .
Based on the results of this research, Marie Marie stopped doing
Curie received her Doctorate of Science, and in research for several
1903 Marie and Pierre shared with Becquerel years when her children
the Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery of were born.
7
radioactivity.
The births of Marie's two daughters, Irène and
Eve, in 1897 and 1904 failed to interrupt her
scientific work.
The sudden death of her husband in 1906 was a Marie took over the
bitter blow to Marie Curie, but was also a turning teaching position her
point in her career: henceforth she was to husband had held.
devote all her energy to completing alone the
8 scientific work that they had undertaken. On
May 13, 1906, she was appointed to
the professorship that had been left vacant on
her husband's death , becoming the first woman
to teach at the Sorbonne.
Many experts give California high marks for Many experts believe
making progress on preparedness in recent California has made
years , after some of the largest fires in state little progress in
9
history scorched thousands of acres, burned readying itself to fight
thousands of homes, and killed numerous fires.
people.
Stung in the past by criticism of bungling that Personnel in the past
allowed fires to spread when they might have have been criticised for
been contained , personnel are meeting the mishandling fire
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peculiar challenges of neighborhood - and containment.
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canyon- hopping fires better than previously,

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observers say.
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YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN

Defining
Yes/ No/ Not
Reading passage Questions given and
state the
reason why?
It’s not important, then, if there’s a delay
of a few years, or decades, while the
If a signal from outer space is
human race debates the question of
1 received, it will be important
whether to reply, and perhaps carefully
to respond promptly.
drafts a reply, if a signal from the
universe is received .
Bernstein says that Diels’s system is
attracting lots of interest from the power
companies. But they have not yet come Power companies have given
2 up with the $5 million that EPRI says will Diels enough money to
be needed to develop a commercial develop his laser.
system , by making the lasers yet
smaller and cheaper.
One glaring disadvantage of pesticides’
application is that, while destroying
harmful pests, they also wipe out many
useful non-targeted organisms, which
keep the growth of the pest population in
A number of pests are now
check. This results in what agro-
3 born with an innate immunity
ecologists call the ‘treadmill syndrome’.
to some pesticides.
Because of their tremendous breeding
potential and genetic diversity, many
pests are known to withstand
synthetic chemicals and bear offspring
with a built-in resistance to pesticides .
Bio-control is free from
When handled by experts, bio-control is
4 danger under certain
safe, non-polluting and self-dispersing.
circumstances.
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According to Wagner’s analysis of the

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Bachia family tree, the toed species re- Wagner believes that Bachia
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5 evolved toes from toeless ancestors lizards with toes had toeless
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and, what is more, digit loss and gain ancestors.

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occasion over tens of millions of years .

More recently, however, examples have
been reported that break the time limit,
suggesting that silent genes may not be
Wagner was the first person
the whole story. In a paper published
6 to do research on South
last year, biologist Gunter Wagner of
American lizards.
Yale University reported some work on
the evolutionary history of a group of
South American lizards called Bachia.
Nasa notes that a lot of time is spent
wondering about and searching for proof
of liquid water on Mars, which would be
The photos show that the
a signal of life. But the new pictures
7 surface of Mars is more
show that the planet itself was once far
active than ever.
more alive than it is today – made up of
flowing molten lava that spread across
its surface.

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Example 1.
STEPWELLS
A millennium ago, stepwells were fundamental to life in the driest parts of India. Although
many have been neglected, recent restoration has returned them to their former glory.
Richard Cox travelled to north-western India to document these spectacular monuments from
a bygone era.

A. During the sixth and seventh centuries, the inhabitants of the modern-day states of Gujarat
and Rajasthan in North-western India developed a method of gaining access to clean, fresh
groundwater during the dry season for drinking, bathing, watering animals and irrigation.
However, the significance of this invention – the stepwell – goes beyond its utilitarian
application.

B. Unique to the region, stepwells are often architecturally complex and vary widely in size
and shape. During their heyday, they were places of gathering, of leisure, of relaxation and of
worship for villagers of all but the lowest castes . Most stepwells are found dotted around the
desert areas of Gujarat (where they are called vav) and Rajasthan (where they are known as
baori), while a few also survive in Delhi . Some were located in or near villages as public
spaces for the community; others were positioned beside roads as resting places for
travellers.

C. As their name suggests, stepwells comprise a series of stone steps descending from
ground level to the water source (normally an underground aquifer) as it recedes following the
rains. When the water level was high, the user needed only to descend a few steps to reach
it; when it was low, several levels would have to be negotiated.
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Questions 1–5
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Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
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In boxes 1–5 on your answer sheet, write

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TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1 Examples of ancient stepwells can be found all over the world.
2 Stepwells had a range of functions, in addition to those related to water collection.
3 The few existing stepwells in Delhi are more attractive than those found elsewhere.
4 It took workers many years to build the stone steps characteristic of stepwells.
5 The number of steps above the water level in a stepwell altered during the course of a year.

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Example 2.
EUROPEAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 1990-2010

A. It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system.

Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by
facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase .
There are two key factors behind this trend. For passenger transport, the determining factor is
the spectacular growth in car use . The number of cars on European Union (EU) roads saw
an increase of three million cars each year from 1990 to 2010, and in the next decade the EU
will see a further substantial increase in its fleet.

B. As far as goods transport is concerned, growth is due to a large extent to changes in the
European economy and its system of production . In the last 20 years, as internal frontiers
have been abolished, the EU has moved from a ”stock” economy to a ”flow” economy. This
phenomenon has been emphasised by the relocation of some industries, particularly those
which are labour intensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is
hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away from the final assembly plant or away from
users .

C. The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for entry to the
EU will also increase transport flows, in particular road haulage traffic . In 1998, some of
these countries already exported more than twice their 1990 volumes and imported more than
five times their 1990 volumes. And although many candidate countries inherited a transport
system which encourages rail, the distribution between modes has tipped sharply in favour of
road transport since the 1990s. Between 1990 and 1998，road haulage increased by 19.4%,
while during the same period rail haulage decreased by 43.5%, although – and this could
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benefit the enlarged EU – it is still on average at a much higher level than in existing member
E
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states.
H
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D. However, a new imperative-sustainable development – offers an opportunity for adapting

U
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the EU's common transport policy. This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European
A

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Council, has to be achieved by integrating environmental considerations into Community

policies, and shifting the balance between modes of transport lies at the heart of its strategy.
The ambitious objective can only be fully achieved by 2020, but proposed measures are
nonetheless a first essential step towards a sustainable transport system which will ideally be
in place in 30 years‟ time, that is by 2040 .

E. In 1998, energy consumption in the transport sector was to blame for 28% of emissions of
CO2，the leading greenhouse gas . According to the latest estimates, if nothing is done to
reverse the traffic growth trend, CO2 emissions from transport can be expected to increase by
around 50% to 1,113 billion tonnes by 2020，compared with the 739 billion tonnes recorded
in 1990 . Once again, road transport is the main culprit since it alone accounts for 84% of the
CO2 emissions attributable to transport. Using alternative fuels and improving energy
efficiency is thus both an ecological necessity and a technological challenge.

Questions 22-26
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

22 The need for transport is growing, despite technological developments.

23 To reduce production costs, some industries have been moved closer to their relevant
consumers.
24 Cars are prohibitively expensive in some EU candidate countries.
25 The Gothenburg European Council was set up 30 years ago.
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26 By the end of this decade, CO2 emissions from transport are predicted to reach 739 billion
E
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tonnes.
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Example 3.
TEA AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
A. Macfarlane compares the puzzle to a combination lock. ‘ There are about 20 different
factors and all of them need to be present before the revolution can happen ,’ he says. For
industry to take off, there needs to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban
populations to provide cheap labour, easy transport to move goods around, an affluent
middle-class willing to buy mass-produced objects, a market-driven economy and a political
system that allows this to happen. While this was the case for England, other nations, such as
Japan, the Netherlands and France also met some of these criteria but were not
industrialising. All these factors must have been necessary. But not sufficient to cause the
revolution, says Macfarlane. ‘After all, Holland had everything except coal while China also
had many of these factors. Most historians are convinced there are one or two missing factors
that you need to open the lock.’

B. The missing factors, he proposes, are to be found in almost even kitchen cupboard. Tea
and beer, two of the nation’s favourite drinks, fuelled the revolution . The antiseptic properties
of tannin, the active ingredient in tea, and of hops in beer – plus the fact that both are made
with boiled water – allowed urban communities to flourish at close quarters without
succumbing to water-borne diseases such as dysentery . The theory sounds eccentric but
once he starts to explain the detective work that went into his deduction, the scepticism gives
way to wary admiration. Macfarlanes case has been strengthened by support from notable
quarters – Roy Porter, the distinguished medical historian, recently wrote a favourable
appraisal of his research .

C. Macfarlane had wondered for a long time how the Industrial Revolution came about.
Historians had alighted on one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required
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explanation. Between about 1650 and 1740，the population in Britain was static. But then
E
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there was a burst in population growth . Macfarlane says: ‘The infant mortality rate halved in
I.
H
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the space of 20 years, and this happened in both rural areas and cities, and across all
N
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classes. People suggested four possible causes. Was there a sudden change in the viruses
U
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IL

and bacteria around? Unlikely. Was there a revolution in medical science? But this was a
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century before Lister’s revolution*. Was there a change in environmental conditions? There
were improvements in agriculture that wiped out malaria, but these were small gains.
Sanitation did not become widespread until the 19th century. The only option left is food. But
the height and weight statistics show a decline. So the food must have got worse. Efforts to
explain this sudden reduction in child deaths appeared to draw a blank .’

D. This population burst seemed to happen at just the right time to provide labour for the
Industrial Revolution. ‘When you start moving towards an industrial revolution, it is
economically efficient to have people living close together,’ says Macfarlane. ‘But then you
get disease, particularly from human waste.’ Some digging around in historical records
revealed that there was a change in the incidence of water-borne disease at that time,
especially dysentery. Macfarlane deduced that whatever the British were drinking must have
been important in regulating disease. He says, ‘We drank beer. For a long time, the English
were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops, which were added to help preserve
the beer. But in the late 17th century a tax was introduced on malt, the basic ingredient of
beer. The poor turned to water and gin and in the 1720s the mortality rate began to rise again.
Then it suddenly dropped again. What caused this ?’

Questions 8-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

8 China’s transport system was not suitable for industry in the 18th century.
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9 Tea and beer both helped to prevent dysentery in Britain.

E
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10 Roy Porter disagrees with Professor Macfarlane’s findings.

I.
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11 After 1740，there was a reduction in population in Britain.

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12 People in Britain used to make beer at home.

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13 The tax on malt indirectly caused a rise in the death rate.

A

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V11 - MATCHING FEATURES

Example 1.
GIFTED CHILDREN AND LEARNING
A. High achievers have been found to use self-regulatory learning strategies more often and
more effectively than lower achievers, and are better able to transfer these strategies to deal
with unfamiliar tasks. This happens to such a high degree in some children that they appear
to be demonstrating talent in particular areas. Overviewing research on the thinking process
of highly able children, ( Shore and Kanevsky , 1993) put the instructor’s problem succinctly: ‘
If they [the gifted] merely think more quickly, then we need only teach more quickly. If they
merely make fewer errors, then we can shorten the practice ’. But of course, this is not
entirely the case; adjustments have to be made in methods of learning and teaching, to take
account of the many ways individuals think.

B. Yet in order to learn by themselves, the gifted do need some support from their teachers.
Conversely, teachers who have a tendency to ‘overdirect’ can diminish their gifted pupils’
learning autonomy . Although ‘ spoon-feeding ’ can produce extremely high examination
results, these are not always followed by equally impressive life successes. Too much
dependence on the teachers risks loss of autonomy and motivation to discover. However,
when teachers o pupils to reflect on their own learning and thinking activities, they increase
their pupils’ self-regulation. For a young child, it may be just the simple question ‘What have
you learned today?’ which helps them to recognise what they are doing. Given that a
fundamental goal of education is to transfer the control of learning from teachers to pupils,
improving pupils’ learning to learn techniques should be a major outcome of the school
experience, especially for the highly competent. There are quite a number of new methods
which can help, such as child- initiated learning, ability-peer tutoring, etc. Such practices have
been found to be particularly useful for bright children from deprived areas .
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C. But scientific progress is not all theoretical, knowledge is a so vital to outstanding

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performance: individuals who know a great deal about a specific domain will achieve at a
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higher level than those who do not ( Elshout , 1995) . Research with creative scientists by
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Simonton (1988) brought him to the conclusion that above a certain high level, characteristics
A

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such as independence seemed to contribute more to reaching the highest levels of expertise
than intellectual skills, due to the great demands of effort and time needed for learning and
practice. Creativity in all forms can be seen as expertise se mixed with a high level of
motivation ( Weisberg , 1993).

D. To sum up, learning is affected by emotions of both the individual and significant others.
Positive emotions facilitate the creative aspects of earning and negative emotions inhibit it.
Fear, for example, can limit the development of curiosity, which is a strong force in scientific
advance, because it motivates problem-solving behaviour . In Boekaerts ’ (1991) review of
emotion the learning of very high IQ and highly achieving children, she found emotional forces
in harness. They were not only curious, but often had a strong desire to control their
environment, improve their learning efficiency and increase their own learning resources.

Questions 18-22
Look at the following statements (Questions 18-22) and the list of people below.
Match each statement with the correct person or people, A-E.
Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.

18 Less time can be spent on exercises with gifted pupils who produce accurate work.
19 Self-reliance is a valuable tool that helps gifted students reach their goals.
20 Gifted children know how to channel their feelings to assist their learning.
21 Really successful students have learnt a considerable amount about their subject.
List of People
A Shore and Kanevsky
B Elshout
C Simonton
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D Boekaerts
E
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Example 2.
SECOND NATURE
A. The evidence is good that most personality traits can be altered,' says Christopher
Peterson , professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, who cites himself as an
example. Inherently introverted, he realised early on that as an academic, his reticence would
prove disastrous in the lecture hall. So he learned to be more outgoing and to entertain his
classes. 'Now my extroverted behaviour is spontaneous , ' he says.

B. David Fajgenbaum had to make a similar transition. He was preparing for university, when
he had an accident that put an end to his sports career. On campus, he quickly found that
beyond ordinary counselling, the university had no services for students who were undergoing
physical rehabilitation and suffering from depression like him. He therefore launched a
support group to help others in similar situations. He took action despite his own pain - a
typical response of an optimist.

C. Suzanne Segerstrom , professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky, believes that

the key to increasing optimism is through cultivating optimistic behaviour, rather than positive
thinking. She recommends you train yourself to pay attention to good fortune by writing down
three positive things that come about each day. This will help you convince yourself that
favourable outcomes actually happen all the time, making it easier to begin taking action.

D. You can recognise a person who is passionate about a pursuit by the way they are so
strongly involved in it. Tanya Streeter's passion is freediving - the sport of plunging deep into
the water without tanks or other breathing equipment. Beginning in 1998, she set nine world
records and can hold her breath for six minutes. The physical stamina required for this sport
is intense but the psychological demands are even more overwhelming. Streeter learned to
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untangle her fears from her judgment of what her body and mind could do. 'In my career as a
E
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competitive freediver, there was a limit to what I could do - but it wasn't anywhere near what I
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thought it was/ she says.

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E. Finding a pursuit that excites you can improve anyone's life. The secret about consuming
passions, though, according to psychologist Paul Silvia of the University of North Carolina, is
that 'they require discipline, hard work and ability, which is why they are so rewarding.'
Psychologist Todd Kashdan has this advice for those people taking up a new passion: ' As a
newcomer, you also have to tolerate and laugh at your own ignorance . You must be willing to
accept the negative feelings that come your way,' he says.

F. Usually, we think of courage in physical terms but ordinary life demands s omething else.
For marketing executive Kenneth Pedeleose, it meant speaking out against something he
thought was ethically wrong. The new manager was intimidating staff so Pedeleose carefully
recorded each instance of bullying and eventually took the evidence to a senior director,
knowing his own job security would be threatened . Eventually the manager was the one to
go. According to Cynthia Pury , a psychologist at Clemson University, Pedeleose's story
proves the point that courage is not motivated by fearlessness, but by moral obligation. Pury
also believes that people can acquire courage . Many of her students said that faced with a
risky situation, they first tried to calm themselves down, then looked for a way to mitigate the
danger, just as Pedeleose did by documenting his allegations.

Questions 19-22
Match each statement with the correct person, A-G.
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet.
19 People must accept that they do not know much when first trying something new.
20 It is important for people to actively notice when good things happen.
21 Courage can be learned once its origins in a sense of responsibility are understood.
22 It is possible to overcome shyness when faced with the need to speak in public.
List of People
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A Christopher Peterson E Todd Kashdan

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B David Fajgenbaum F Kenneth Pedeleose

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C Suzanne Segerstrom G Cynthia Pury

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D Tanya Streeter
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Example 3.
A. A new study conducted for the World Bank by Murdoch University's Institute for Science
and Technology Policy (ISTP) has demonstrated that public transport is more efficient than
cars. The study compared the proportion of wealth poured into transport by thirty-seven cities
around the world . This included both the public and private costs of building, maintaining and
using a transport system.

B. The study found that the Western Australian city of Perth is a good example of a city with
minimal public transport. As a result, 17% of its wealth went into transport costs.
Some European and Asian cities, on the other hand, spent as little as 5% . Professor Peter
Newman, ISTP Director, pointed out that these more efficient cities were able to put the
difference into attracting industry and jobs or creating a better place to live .

C. According to Professor Newman, the larger Australian city of Melbourne is a rather unusual
city in this sort of comparison. He describes it as two cities: 'A European city surrounded by a
car-dependent one'. Melbourne's large tram network has made car use in the inner city
much lower, but the outer suburbs have the same car-based structure as most other
Australian cities. The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of
Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people's preferences as to where they live.
Newman says this is a new, broader way of considering public transport issues. In the past,
the case for public transport has been made on the basis of environmental and social
justice considerations rather than economics. Newman, however, believes the study
demonstrates that 'the auto-dependent city model is inefficient and grossly inadequate in
economic as well as environmental terms'.

D. Bicycle use was not included in the study but Newman noted that the two most 'bicycle
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friendly' cities considered - Amsterdam and Copenhagen - were very efficient, even though
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their public transport systems were 'reasonable but not special' .

H
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E. It is common for supporters of road networks to reject the models of cities with good public
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transport by arguing that such systems would not work in their particular city. One objection
A

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is climate. Some people say their city could not make more use of public transport because it
is either too hot or too cold. Newman rejects this, pointing out that public transport has
been successful in both Toronto and Singapore and, in fact, he has checked the use of cars
against climate and found 'zero correlation'.

F. When it comes to other physical features, road lobbies are on stronger ground. For
example, Newman accepts it would be hard for a city as hilly as Auckland to develop a really
good rail network . However, he points out that both Hong Kong and Zurich have managed to
make a success of their rail systems, heavy and light respectively, though there are few cities
in the world as hilly.

G. In fact, Newman believes the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another
is politics: 'The more democratic the process, the more public transport is favored.' He
considers Portland, Oregon, a perfect example of this. Some years ago, federal money was
granted to build a new road. However, local pressure groups forced a referendum over
whether to spend the money on light rail instead. The rail proposal won and the railway
worked spectacularly well . In the years that have followed, more and more rail systems have
been put in, dramatically changing the nature of the city. Newman notes that Portland has
about the same population as Perth and had a similar population density at the time.

Questions 11-13
Look at the following cities ( Questions 11-13) and the list of descriptions below.
Match each city with the correct description, A-F.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
List of Descriptions
A successfully uses a light rail transport system in hilly environment
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B successful public transport system despite cold winters

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11 Perth
I.

C profitably moved from road to light rail transport system

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12 Auckland
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D hilly and inappropriate for rail transport system

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13 Portland
E heavily dependent on cars despite widespread poverty
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F inefficient due to a limited public transport system

A

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V12 - MATCHING SENTENCE ENDINGS

Example 1.
WHAT’S SO FUNNY?
John McCrone reviews recent research on humour
A. Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely
demanding job for the brain, animal or human. Energy and arousal levels may need to be
retuned in the blink of an eye. These abrupt changes will produce either positive or negative
feelings. The orbital cortex, the region that becomes active in Goel's experiment, seems the
best candidate for the site that feeds such feelings into higher-level thought processes, with
its close connections to the brain's sub-cortical arousal apparatus and centres of metabolic
control.

B. All warm-blooded animals make constant tiny adjustments in arousal in response to

external events, but humans, who have developed a much more complicated internal life as a
result of language, respond emotionally not only to their surroundings, but to their own
thoughts. Whenever a sought-for answer snaps into place, there is a shudder of pleased
recognition. Creative discovery being pleasurable, humans have learned to find ways of
milking this natural response. The fact that jokes tap into our general evaluative machinery
explains why the line between funny and disgusting, or funny and frightening, can be so fine.
Whether a joke gives pleasure or pain depends on a person's outlook.

C. Humour may be a luxury, but the mechanism behind it is no evolutionary accident. As

Peter Derks, a psychologist at William and Mary College in Virginia, says: 'I like to think of
humour as the distorted mirror of the mind. It's creative, perceptual, analytical and lingual.’

Questions 24—27
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Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-G below.

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Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 24-27 on your answer sheet.
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A react to their own thoughts.

B helped create language in humans.
C respond instantly to whatever is happening.
D may provide valuable information about the operation of the brain.
E cope with difficult situations.
F relate to a person’s subjective views.
G led our ancestors to smile and then laugh.

24 One of the brain’s most difficult tasks is to

25 Because of the language they have developed, humans
26 Individual responses to humour
27 Peter Derks believes that humour

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Example 2.
GREYING POPULATION STAYS IN THE PINK
A. The increasing self-reliance of many elderly people is probably linked to a massive
increase in the use of simple home medical aids . For instance, the use of raised toilet seats
has more than doubled since the start of the study, and the use of bath seats has grown by
more than 50%. These developments also bring some health benefits, according to a report
from the MacArthur Foundation's research group on successful ageing. The group found that
those elderly people who were able to retain a sense of independence were more likely to
stay healthy in old age.

B. Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning , says Carl
Cotman, a neuroscientist at the University of California at Irvine. He found that rats that
exercise on a treadmill have raised levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor coursing
through their brains. Cotman believes this hormone, which keeps neurons functioning, may
prevent the brains of active humans from deteriorating.

C. As part of the same study, Teresa Seeman, a social epidemiologist at the University of
Southern California in Los Angeles, found a connection between self-esteem and stress
in people over 70. In laboratory simulations of challenging activities such as driving, those
who felt in control of their lives pumped out lower levels of stress hormones such as
cortisol. Chronically high levels of these hormones have been linked to heart disease.

D. But independence can have drawbacks. Seeman found that elderly people who felt
emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones even when asleep .
The research suggests that older people fare best when they feel independent but know
they can get help when they need it.
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E. 'Like much research into ageing, these results support common sense,' says Seeman.
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They also show that we may be underestimating the impact of these simple factors. 'The sort
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of thing that your grandmother always told you turns out to be right on target,' she says.
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Questions 23-26
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-H, below.
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.
A may cause heart disease.
B can be helped by hormone treatment.
C may cause rises in levels of stress hormones.
D have cost the United States government more than $200 billion.
E may help prevent mental decline.
F may get stronger at night.
G allow old people to be more independent.
H can reduce stress in difficult situations.

23 Home medical aids

24 Regular amounts of exercise
25 Feelings of control over life
26 Feelings of loneliness

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Example 3.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF INNOVATION
Why are so few companies truly innovative?
A. For Robert B. Cialdini, Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University, one reason
that companies don’t succeed as often as they should is that innovation starts with
recruitment. Research shows that the fit between an employee’s values and a company’s
values makes a difference to what contribution they make and whether, two years after they
join, they’re still at the company . Studies at Harvard Business School show that, although
some individuals may be more creative than others, almost every individual can be creative in
the right circumstances .

B. One of the most famous photographs in the story of rock’n’roll emphasises Ciaidini’s views.
The 1956 picture of singers Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis
jamming at a piano in Sun Studios in Memphis tells a hidden story. Sun’s ‘million-dollar
quartet’ could have been a quintet. Missing from the picture is Roy Orbison’ a greater natural
singer than Lewis, Perkins or Cash. Sam Phillips, who owned Sun, wanted to revolutionise
popular music with songs that fused black and white music, and country and blues. Presley,
Cash, Perkins and Lewis instinctively understood Phillips’s ambition and believed in it.
Orbison wasn’t inspired by the goal, and only ever achieved one hit with the Sun label .

C. The value fit matters, says Cialdini, because innovation is, in part, a process of change,
and under that pressure we, as a species, behave differently, ‘ When things change, we are
hard-wired to play it safe .’ Managers should therefore adopt an approach that appears
counterintuitive -they should explain what stands to be lost if the company fails to seize a
particular opportunity. Studies show that we invariably take more gambles when threatened
with a loss than when offered a reward.
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D. Authority doesn’t have to inhibit innovation but it often does. The wrong kind of leadership
I.
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will lead to what Cialdini calls ”captainitis, the regrettable tendency of team members to opt
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out of team responsibilities that are properly their ’. He calls it captainitis because, he says,
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”crew members of multipilot aircraft exhibit a sometimes deadly passivity when the flight
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captain makes a clearly wrong-headed decision”. This behaviour is not, he says, unique to air
travel, but can happen in any workplace where the leader is overbearing.
At the other end of the scale is the 1980s Memphis design collective, a group of young
designers for whom ”the only rule was that there were no rule”. This environment encouraged
a free interchange of ideas , which led to more creativity with form, function, colour and
materials that revolutionised attitudes to furniture design.

Questions 31-35
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 31-35 on your answer sheet
31. Employees whose values match those of their employers are more likely to
32. At times of change, people tend to
33. If people are aware of what they might lose, they will often
34. People working under a dominant boss are liable to
35. Employees working in organisations with few rules are more likely to

A take chances.
B share their ideas.
C become competitive.
D get promotion.
E avoid risk.
F ignore their duties.
G remain in their jobs.
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V13 - MATCHING HEADINGS

Example 1.
Questions 1-7
Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet
List of Headings
i The search for the reasons for an increase in population
ii Industrialisation and the fear of unemployment
iii The development of cities in Japan
iv The time and place of the Industrial Revolution
v The cases of Holland, France and China
vi Changes in drinking habits in Britain
vii Two keys to Britain’s industrial revolution
viii Conditions required for industrialisation
ix Comparisons with Japan lead to the answer
1 Paragraph A
2 Paragraph B
3 Paragraph C
4 Paragraph D
5 Paragraph E
6 Paragraph F
7 Paragraph G

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TEA AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

A Cambridge professor says that a change in drinking babits was the reason for the Industrial
Revolution in Britain. Anjana Abuja reports
A
Alan Macfarlane, professor of anthropological science at King’s College, Cambridge has, like
other historians, spent decades wrestling with the enigma of the Industrial Revolution. Why
did this particular Big Bang – the world-changing birth of industry-happen in Britain? And why
did it strike at the end of the 18th century ?
B
Macfarlane compares the puzzle to a combination lock. ‘ There are about 20 different factors
and all of them need to be present before the revolution can happen ,’ he says. For industry to
take off, there needs to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban
populations to provide cheap labour, easy transport to move goods around, an affluent
middle-class willing to buy mass-produced objects, a market-driven economy and a political
system that allows this to happen. While this was the case for England, other nations, such as
Japan, the Netherlands and France also met some of these criteria but were not
industrialising. All these factors must have been necessary. But not sufficient to cause the
revolution, says Macfarlane. ‘After all, Holland had everything except coal while China also
had many of these factors. Most historians are convinced there are one or two missing factors
that you need to open the lock.’
C
The missing factors, he proposes, are to be found in almost even kitchen cupboard. Tea and
beer, two of the nation’s favourite drinks, fuelled the revolution . The antiseptic properties of
tannin, the active ingredient in tea, and of hops in beer – plus the fact that both are made with
boiled water – allowed urban communities to flourish at close quarters without succumbing to
water-borne diseases such as dysentery . The theory sounds eccentric but once he starts to
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explain the detective work that went into his deduction, the scepticism gives way to wary
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admiration. Macfarlanes case has been strengthened by support from notable quarters – Roy
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Porter, the distinguished medical historian, recently wrote a favourable appraisal of his
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research .
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Macfarlane had wondered for a long time how the Industrial Revolution came about.
Historians had alighted on one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required
explanation. Between about 1650 and 1740，the population in Britain was static. But then
there was a burst in population growth . Macfarlane says: ‘The infant mortality rate halved in
the space of 20 years, and this happened in both rural areas and cities, and across all
classes. People suggested four possible causes. Was there a sudden change in the viruses
and bacteria around? Unlikely. Was there a revolution in medical science? But this was a
century before Lister’s revolution*. Was there a change in environmental conditions? There
were improvements in agriculture that wiped out malaria, but these were small gains.
Sanitation did not become widespread until the 19th century. The only option left is food. But
the height and weight statistics show a decline. So the food must have got worse. Efforts to
explain this sudden reduction in child deaths appeared to draw a blank .’
E
This population burst seemed to happen at just the right time to provide labour for the
Industrial Revolution. ‘When you start moving towards an industrial revolution, it is
economically efficient to have people living close together,’ says Macfarlane. ‘But then you
get disease, particularly from human waste.’ Some digging around in historical records
revealed that there was a change in the incidence of water-borne disease at that time,
especially dysentery. Macfarlane deduced that whatever the British were drinking must have
been important in regulating disease. He says, ‘We drank beer. For a long time, the English
were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops, which were added to help preserve
the beer. But in the late 17th century a tax was introduced on malt, the basic ingredient of
beer. The poor turned to water and gin and in the 1720s the mortality rate began to rise again
. Then it suddenly dropped again. What caused this ?’
F
Macfarlane looked to Japan, which was also developing large cities about the same time, and
T

also had no sanitation . Water-borne diseases had a much looser grip on the Japanese
E
N
I.

population than those in Britain. Could it be the prevalence of tea in their culture? Macfarlane
H
T

then noted that the history of tea in Britain provided an extraordinary coincidence of dates.
N
O

Tea was relatively expensive until Britain started a direct dipper trade with China in the early
U
IE
IL

18th century. By the 1740s, about the time that infant mortality was dipping, the drink was
A

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common. Macfarlane guessed that the fact that water had to be boiled, together with the
stomach-purifying properties of tea meant that the breast milk provided by mothers was
healthier than it had ever been. No other European nation sipped tea like the British, which,
by Macfarlanes logic, pushed these other countries out of contention for the revolution.
G
But, if tea is a factor in the combination lock, why didn’t Japan forge ahead in a tea-soaked
industrial revolution of its own? Macfarlane notes that even though 17th-century Japan had
large cities, high literacy rates, even a futures market, it had turned its back on the essence of
any work-based revolution by giving up labour-saving devices such as animals, afraid that
they would put people out of work. So, the nation that we now think of as one of the most
technologically advanced entered the 19th century having ‘abandoned the wheel’.

T
E
N
I.
H
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A

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Example 2.
Questions 1-4
Reading Passage 1 has five paragraphs, A-E.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-vii,in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet

List of Headings
i. Economic and social significance of tourism
ii. The development of mass tourism
iii. Travel for the wealthy
iv. Earning foreign exchange through tourism
v. Difficulty in recognising the economic effects of tourism
vi. The contribution of air travel to tourism
vii. The world impact of tourism
viii. The history of travel

Example Answer
Paragraph A viii

1 Paragraph B
2 Paragraph C
3 Paragraph D
4 Paragraph E
T
E
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O
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A

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THE CONTEXT, MEANING AND SCOPE OF TOURISM

A
Travel has existed since the beginning of time , when primitive man set out, often traversing
great distances in search of game, which provided the food and clothing necessary for his
survival. Throughout the course of history, people have travelled for purposes of trade,
religious conviction, economic gain, war, migration and other equally compelling motivations.
In the Roman era, wealthy aristocrats and high government officials also travelled for
pleasure. Seaside resorts located at Pompeii and Herculaneum afforded citizens the
opportunity to escape to their vacation villas in order to avoid the summer heat of Rome.
Travel, except during the Dark Ages, has continued to grow and, throughout recorded history,
has played a vital role in the development of civilisations and their economies.
B
Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon .
Historians suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial
revolution with the rise of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive
transportation. The creation of the commercial airline industry following the Second World
War and the subsequent development of the jet aircraft in the 1950s signalled the rapid
growth and expansion of international travel. This growth led to the development of a major
new industry: tourism. In turn, international tourism became the concern of a number of world
governments since it not only provided new employment opportunities but also produced a
means of earning foreign exchange.
C
Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. In most
industrialised countries over the past few years the fastest growth has been seen in the area
of services. One of the largest segments of the service industry, although largely
unrecognised as an entity in some of these countries, is travel and tourism. According to the
T

World Travel and Tourism Council (1992), travel and tourism is the largest industry in the
E
N
I.

world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment,

H
T

employment and tax contributions,. In 1992’ the industry’s gross output was estimated to be
N
O

$3.5 trillion, over 12 per cent of all consumer spending. The travel and tourism industry is the
U
IE

world’s largest employer the almost 130 million jobs, or almost 7 per cent of all employees.
IL
A

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This industry is the world’s leading industrial contributor, producing over 6 per cent of the
world’s national product and accounting for capital investment in excess of $422 billion m
direct indirect and personal taxes each year. Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the
world economy and, because of the educative effect of travel and the effects on employment,
on society itself.
D
However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or
obscured, its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself . The
travel industry includes: hotels, motels and other types of accommodation; restaurants and
other food services; transportation services and facilities; amusements, attractions and other
leisure facilities; gift shops and a large number of other enterprises. Since many of these
businesses also serve local residents, the impact of spending by visitors can easily be
overlooked or underestimated. In addition, Meis (1992) points out that the tourism industry
involves concepts that have remained amorphous to both analysts and decision makers.
Moreover, in all nations this problem has made it difficult for the industry to develop any type
of reliable or credible tourism information base in order to estimate the contribution it makes
to regional, national and global economies. However, the nature of this very diversity makes
travel and tourism ideal vehicles for economic development in a wide variety of countries,
regions or communities.
E
Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an
institutionalised way of life for most of the population. In fact, McIntosh and Goeldner (1990)
suggest that tourism has become the largest commodity in international trade for many
nations and, for a significant number of other countries, it ranks second or third . For example,
tourism is the major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and most
Caribbean countries. In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the
T

American Express Company, suggest that the travel and tourism industry is the number one
E
N
I.

ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West Germany, Hong
H
T

Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. However,
N
O

because of problems of definition, which directly affect statistical measurement, it is not

U
IE
IL

possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data about the extent
A

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of world-wide tourism participation or its economic impact . In many cases, similar difficulties
arise when attempts are made to measure domestic tourism .

T
E
N
I.
H
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O
U
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A

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Example 3.
Questions 14-21
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading
Passage 2 on the following pages.
Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-E and G-I from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-xi, in boxes 14-21 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i A fresh and important long-term goal
ii Charging for roads and improving other transport methods
iii Changes affecting the distances goods may be transported
iv Taking all the steps necessary to change transport patterns
v The environmental costs of road transport
vi The escalating cost of rail transport
vii The need to achieve transport rebalance
viii The rapid growth of private transport
ix Plans to develop major road networks
x Restricting road use through charging policies alone
xi Transport trends in countries awaiting EU admission

14 Paragraph A
15 Paragraph B
16 Paragraph C
17 Paragraph D
18 Paragraph E
19 Paragraph G
20 Paragraph H
21 Paragraph I
T
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I.
H
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A

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EUROPEAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 1990-2010

What have been the trends and what are the prospects for European transport systems?
A
It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system.
Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by
facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase .
There are two key factors behind this trend. For passenger transport, the determining factor is
the spectacular growth in car use . The number of cars on European Union (EU) roads saw
an increase of three million cars each year from 1990 to 2010, and in the next decade the EU
will see a further substantial increase in its fleet.
B
As far as goods transport is concerned, growth is due to a large extent to changes in the
European economy and its system of production . In the last 20 years, as internal frontiers
have been abolished, the EU has moved from a ”stock” economy to a ”flow” economy. This
phenomenon has been emphasised by the relocation of some industries, particularly those
which are labour intensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is
hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away from the final assembly plant or away from
users .
C
The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for entry to the EU
will also increase transport flows, in particular road haulage traffic . In 1998, some of these
countries already exported more than twice their 1990 volumes and imported more than five
times their 1990 volumes. And although many candidate countries inherited a transport
system which encourages rail, the distribution between modes has tipped sharply in favour of
road transport since the 1990s. Between 1990 and 1998，road haulage increased by 19.4%,
while during the same period rail haulage decreased by 43.5%, although – and this could
T

benefit the enlarged EU – it is still on average at a much higher level than in existing member
E
N
I.

states.
H
T

D
N
O

However, a new imperative-sustainable development – offers an opportunity for adapting the

U
IE
IL

EU's common transport policy. This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European Council,
A

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has to be achieved by integrating environmental considerations into Community policies, and

shifting the balance between modes of transport lies at the heart of its strategy. The ambitious
objective can only be fully achieved by 2020, but proposed measures are nonetheless a first
essential step towards a sustainable transport system which will ideally be in place in 30
years‟ time, that is by 2040 .
E
In 1998, energy consumption in the transport sector was to blame for 28% of emissions of
CO2，the leading greenhouse gas . According to the latest estimates, if nothing is done to
reverse the traffic growth trend, CO2 emissions from transport can be expected to increase by
around 50% to 1,113 billion tonnes by 2020，compared with the 739 billion tonnes recorded
in 1990 . Once again, road transport is the main culprit since it alone accounts for 84% of the
CO2 emissions attributable to transport. Using alternative fuels and improving energy
efficiency is thus both an ecological necessity and a technological challenge.
F
At the same time greater efforts must be made to achieve a modal shift. Such a change
cannot be achieved overnight, all the less so after over half a century of constant deterioration
in favour of road. This has reached such a pitch that today rail freight services are facing
marginalisation, with just 8% of market share, and with international goods trains struggling
along at an average speed of 18km/h. Three possible options have emerged.
G
The first approach would consist of focusing on road transport solely through pricing. This
option would not be accompanied by complementary measures in the other modes of
transport. In the short term it might curb the growth in road transport through the better
loading ratio of goods vehicles and occupancy rates of passenger vehicles expected as a
result of the increase in the price of transport. However, the lack of measures available to
revitalise other modes of transport would make it impossible for more sustainable modes of
T

transport to take up the baton.

E
N
I.

H
H
T

The second approach also concentrates on road transport pricing but is accompanied by
N
O

measures to increase the efficiency of the other modes (better quality of services, logistics,
U
IE
IL

technology) . However, this approach does not include investment in new infrastructure, nor
A

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does it guarantee better regional cohesion. It could help to achieve greater uncoupling than
the first approach, but road transport would keep the lion’s share of the market and continue
to concentrate on saturated arteries, despite being the most polluting of the modes. It is
therefore not enough to guarantee the necessary shift of the balance.
I
The third approach, which is not new, comprises a series of measures ranging from pricing to
revitalising alternative modes of transport and targeting investment in the trans-European
network. This integrated approach would allow the market shares of the other modes to return
to their 1998 levels and thus make a shift of balance . It is far more ambitious than it looks,
bearing in mind the historical imbalance in favour of roads for the last fifty years, but would
achieve a marked break in the link between road transport growth and economic growth,
without placing restrictions on the mobility of people and goods.

T
E
N
I.
H
T
N
O
U
IE
IL
A

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V14 - WHICH PARAGRAPH CONTAINS?

Example 1
Early modern policing
A) The first centrally organised police force was created by the government of King Louis XIV
in 1667 to police the city of Paris, then the largest city in Europe. The task of the police was
defined as "ensuring the peace and quiet of the public and of private individuals, purging the
city of what may cause disturbances, procuring abundance, and having each and everyone
live according to their station and their duties”. The word "police" was borrowed from French
into the English language in the 18th century.
B) In 1797, Patrick Colquhoun, a Scottish merchant, was able to persuade the West Indies
merchants who operated at the Pool of London on the River Thames, to establish a police
force at the docks to prevent rampant theft that was causing annual estimated losses of
£500,000 worth of cargo. The idea of a police, as it then existed in France, was considered as
a potentially undesirable foreign import. However, Colquhoun used economic indicators to
show that a police dedicated to crime prevention was "perfectly congenial to the principle of
the British constitution”.
C) With an initial investment of £4,200, the new trial force of the Thames River Police began
with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades. The force was a
success after its first year, and Colquhoun’s men had "established their worth by saving
£122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives”. Word of this success spread
quickly, and the government passed the Marine Police Bill on 28 July 1800, transforming it
from a private to public police agency; now the oldest police force in the world.
(Adapted from wikipedia.com)
Which paragraph contains the following information?
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1. positive news that led to a new government policy
T

2. the origin of an English word

E
N

3. people’s reluctance to accept a foreign idea

I.
H
T

4. a specific problem that needed to be solved

N
O
U
IE
IL
A

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Example 2.
GIFTED CHILDREN AND LEARNING
A Internationally, ‘giftedness’ is most frequently determined by a score on a general
intelligence test, known as an IQ test, which is above a chosen cutoff point, usually at around
the top 2-5%. Children’s educational environment contributes to the IQ score and the way
intelligence is used. For example, a very close positive relationship was found when children’s
IQ scores were compared with their home educational provision ( Freeman , 2010). The
higher the children’s IQ scores, especially over IQ 130, the better the quality of their
educational backup, measured in terms of reported verbal interactions with parents, number
of books and activities in their home etc. Because IQ tests are decidedly influenced by what
the child has learned, they are to some extent measures of current achievement based on
age-norms; that is, how well the children have learned to manipulate their knowledge and
know-how within the terms of the test. The vocabulary aspect, for example, is dependent on
having heard those words. But IQ tests can neither identify the processes of learning and
thinking nor predict creativity.

B Excellence does not emerge without appropriate help. To reach an exceptionally high
standard in any area very able children need the means to learn, which includes material to
work with and focused challenging tuition -and the encouragement to follow their dream.
There appears to be a qualitative difference in the way the intellectually highly able think,
compared with more average-ability or older pupils, for whom external regulation by the
teacher often compensates for lack of internal regulation . To be at their most effective in their
self-regulation, all children can be helped to identify their own ways of learning –
metacognition – which will include strategies of planning, monitoring, evaluation, and choice
of what to learn. Emotional awareness is also part of metacognition, so children should be
helped to be aware of their feelings around the area to be learned, feelings of curiosity or
T

confidence, for example.

E
N
I.
H
T

C High achievers have been found to use self-regulatory learning strategies more often and
N
O

more effectively than lower achievers, and are better able to transfer these strategies to deal
U
IE
IL

with unfamiliar tasks. This happens to such a high degree in some children that they appear
A

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to be demonstrating talent in particular areas. Overviewing research on the thinking process

of highly able children, ( Shore and Kanevsky, 1993) put the instructor’s problem succinctly: ‘
If they [the gifted] merely think more quickly, then we need only teach more quickly. If they
merely make fewer errors, then we can shorten the practice ’. But of course, this is not
entirely the case; adjustments have to be made in methods of learning and teaching, to take
account of the many ways individuals think.

D Yet in order to learn by themselves, the gifted do need some support from their teachers.
Conversely, teachers who have a tendency to ‘overdirect’ can diminish their gifted pupils’
learning autonomy . Although ‘ spoon-feeding ’ can produce extremely high examination
results, these are not always followed by equally impressive life successes. Too much
dependence on the teachers risks loss of autonomy and motivation to discover. However,
when teachers o pupils to reflect on their own learning and thinking activities, they increase
their pupils’ self-regulation. For a young child, it may be just the simple question ‘What have
you learned today?’ which helps them to recognise what they are doing. Given that a
fundamental goal of education is to transfer the control of learning from teachers to pupils,
improving pupils’ learning to learn techniques should be a major outcome of the school
experience, especially for the highly competent. There are quite a number of new methods
which can help, such as child- initiated learning, ability-peer tutoring, etc. Such practices have
been found to be particularly useful for bright children from deprived areas .

E But scientific progress is not all theoretical, knowledge is a so vital to outstanding

performance: individuals who know a great deal about a specific domain will achieve at a
higher level than those who do not ( Elshout , 1995) . Research with creative scientists by
Simonton (1988) brought him to the conclusion that above a certain high level, characteristics
such as independence seemed to contribute more to reaching the highest levels of expertise
T

than intellectual skills, due to the great demands of effort and time needed for learning and
E
N
I.

practice. Creativity in all forms can be seen as expertise se mixed with a high level of
H
T

motivation ( Weisberg , 1993).

N
O
U
IE
IL
A

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F To sum up, learning is affected by emotions of both the individual and significant others.
Positive emotions facilitate the creative aspects of earning and negative emotions inhibit it.
Fear, for example, can limit the development of curiosity, which is a strong force in scientific
advance, because it motivates problem-solving behaviour . In Boekaerts ’ (1991) review of
emotion the learning of very high IQ and highly achieving children, she found emotional forces
in harness. They were not only curious, but often had a strong desire to control their
environment, improve their learning efficiency and increase their own learning resources.

Questions 14-17
Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet
NB You may use any letter more than once.

14 a reference to the influence of the domestic background on the gifted child.

15 reference to what can be lost if learners are given too much guidance.
16 a reference to the damaging effects of anxiety.
17 examples of classroom techniques which favour socially-disadvantaged children.

T
E
N
I.
H
T
N
O
U
IE
IL
A

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Example 3.
AUTUMN LEAVES
Canadian writer Jay Ingram investigates the mystery of why leaves turn red in the fall

A One of the most captivating natural events of the year in many areas throughout North
America is the turning of the leaves in the fall. The colours are magnificent, but the question
of exactly why some trees turn yellow or orange, and others red or purple, is something which
has long puzzled scientists.

B Summer leaves are green because they are full of chlorophyll, the molecule that captures
sunlight converts that energy into new building materials for the tree . As fall approaches in
the northern hemisphere, the amount of solar energy available declines considerably. For
many trees – evergreen conifers being an exception – the best strategy is to abandon
photosynthesis* until the spring. So rather than maintaining the now redundant leaves
throughout the winter, the tree saves its precious resources and discards them . But before
letting its leaves go, the tree dismantles their chlorophyll molecules and ships their valuable
nitrogen back into the twigs. As chlorophyll is depleted, other colours that have been
dominated by it throughout the summer begin to be revealed. This unmasking explains the
autumn colours of yellow and orange, but not the brilliant reds and purples of trees such as
the maple or sumac .

C The source of the red is widely known: it is created by anthocyanins, water-soluble plant
pigments reflecting the red to blue range of the visible spectrum. They belong to a class of
sugar-based chemical compounds also known as flavonoids. What’s puzzling is that
anthocyanins are actually newly minted, made in the leaves at the same time as the tree is
preparing to drop them. But it is hard to make sense of the manufacture of anthocyanins –
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why should a tree bother making new chemicals in its leaves when it’s already scrambling to
E
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withdraw and preserve the ones already there?

H
T
N
O

D Some theories about anthocyanins have argued that they might act as a chemical defence
U
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against attacks by insects or fungi, or that they might attract fruit-eating birds or increase a
A

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leafs tolerance to freezing. However there are problems with each of these theories, including
the fact that leaves are red for such a relatively short period that the expense of energy
needed to manufacture the anthocyanins would outweigh any anti-fungal or anti-herbivore
activity achieved.* photosynthesis: the production of new material from sunlight, water and
carbon dioxide.

E It has also been proposed that trees may produce vivid red colours to convince herbivorous
insects that they are healthy and robust and would be easily able to mount chemical defences
against infestation. If insects paid attention to such advertisements, they might be prompted
to lay their eggs on a duller, and presumably less resistant host . The flaw in this theory lies in
the lack of proof to support it. No one has as yet ascertained whether more robust trees sport
the brightest leaves, or whether insects make choices according to colour intensity.

F Perhaps the most plausible suggestion as to why leaves would go to the trouble of making
anthocyanins when they’re busy packing up for the winter is the theory known as the ‘light
screen’ hypothesis. It sounds paradoxical , because the idea behind this hypothesis is that the
red pigment is made in autumn leaves to protect chlorophyll, the light-absorbing chemical,
from too much light . Why does chlorophyll need protection when it is the natural world’s
supreme light absorber? Why protect chlorophyll at a time when the tree is breaking it down
to salvage as much of it as possible?

G Chlorophyll, although exquisitely evolved to capture the energy of sunlight, can sometimes
be overwhelmed by it, especially in situations of drought, low temperatures, or nutrient
deficiency. Moreover, the problem of oversensitivity to light is even more acute in the fall,
when the leaf is busy preparing for winter by dismantling its internal machinery. The energy
absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules of the unstable autumn leaf is not immediately
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channelled into useful products and processes, as it would be in an intact summer leaf. The
E
N
I.

weakened fall leaf then becomes vulnerable to the highly destructive effects of the oxygen
H
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created by the excited chlorophyll molecules.

N
O
U
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A

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H Even if you had never suspected that this is what was going on when leaves turn red, there
are clues out there . One is straightforward: on many trees, the leaves that are the reddest
are those on the side of the tree which gets most sun . Not only that, but the red is brighter on
the upper side of the leaf. It has also been recognised for decades that the best conditions for
intense red colours are dry , sunny days and coo nights, conditions that nicely match those
that make leaves susceptible to excess light. And finally, trees such as maples usually get
much redder the more north you travel in the northern hemisphere. It’s colder there, they’re
more stressed, their chlorophyll is more sensitive and it needs more sunblock.

I What is still not fully understood, however, is why some trees resort to producing red
pigments while others don’t bother, and simply reveal their orange or yellow hues. Do these
trees have other means at their disposal to prevent overexposure to light in autumn? Their
story, though not as spectacular to the eye, will surely turn out to be as subtle and as
complex.

Questions 14-18
Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-l.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-l, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.

14 a description of the substance responsible for the red colouration of leaves

15 the reason why trees drop their leaves in autumn
16 some evidence to confirm a theory about the purpose of the red leaves
17 an explanation of the function of chlorophyll
18 a suggestion that the red colouration in leaves could serve as a warning signal
T
E
N
I.
H
T
N
O
U
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A

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V15 - MULTIPLE CHOICE

Example 1.
A. Physicist Richard Feynman returned over and over to an idea that drove his
groundbreaking discoveries. His approach was documented by his Caltech colleague David
Goodstein in the book Feynman’s Lost Lecture about physics classes Feynman taught in the
1960s:
Once, I said to him, “Dick, explain to me, so that I can understand it, why spin one-half
particles obey Fermi-Dirac statistics.” Sizing up his audience perfectly, Feynman said, “I’ll
prepare a freshman lecture on it.” But he came back a few days later to say, “I couldn’t do it. I
couldn’t reduce it to the freshman level. That means we don’t really understand it.”

B. Feynman didn’t mean all human knowledge must be distilled into an introductory college
course. His point was that we need to build our grasp of science and technology from the
ground up if we are to master it, not to mention reimagine how it works. Feynman was famous
as a student for redoing many of physics’ early experiments himself to build a foundational
understanding of the field. By mastering these first principles, Feynman often saw things that
others did not in quantum mechanics, computing, and nuclear physics, earning him the Nobel
Prize in 1965.

1. When asked to explain a difficult concept, physicist Richard Feynman

A immediately replied that he could not
B replied that he had already prepared a lecture on it
C said that he did not understand the concept either
D promised to give his answer in an introductory lesson

2. Feynman believed that

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A scientists should master basic scientific principles first

E
N
I.

B early physics experiments need to be redone

H
T

C most science students do not have a good foundation in physics

N
O

D his knowledge of first principles earned him a Nobel Prize

U
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A

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Example 2.
MUSEUM OF FINE ART AND THEIR PUBLIC
A. One limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits. As repositories of
unique historical objects, art museums are often called ‘treasure houses’. We are reminded of
this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards, attendants, ropes
and display cases to keep us away from the exhibits. In many cases, the architectural style of
the building further reinforces that notion. In addition, a major collection like that of London’s
National Gallery is housed in numerous rooms, each with dozens of works, any one of which
is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses. In a society that judges the
personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to
be impressed by one’s own relative ‘worthlessness’ in such an environment.

B. Furthermore, consideration of the ‘value’ of the original work in its treasure house setting
impresses upon the viewer that, since these works were originally produced, they have been
assigned a huge monetary value by some person or institution more powerful than
themselves. Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value,
and so today’s viewer is deterred from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self-
reliant kind of reading which would originally have met the work .

C. The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such diverse paintings,
drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally
created. This ‘displacement effect’ is further heightened by the sheer volume of exhibits . In
the case of a major collection, there are probably more works on display than we could
realistically view in weeks or even months.

D. This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of
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all art forms. A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is
E
N
I.

no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed . By contrast, the audience encourage an
H
T

opera or a play over a specific time, which is the duration of the performance. Similarly novels
N
O

and poems are read in a prescribed temporal sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place
U
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A

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at which to start viewing, or at which to finish. Thus art works themselves encourage us to
view them superficially, without appreciating the richness of detail and labour that is involved.

Questions 32-35
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 32—35 on your answer sheet
32. The writer mentions London’s National Gallery to illustrate
A the undesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of art.
B the conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic values.
C the negative effect a museum can have on visitors’ opinions of themselves.
D the need to put individual well-being above large-scale artistic schemes.

33. The writer says that today, viewers may be unwilling to criticise because
A they lack the knowledge needed to support an opinion.
B they fear it may have financial implications.
C they have no real concept of the work’s value.
D they feel their personal reaction is of no significance.

34. According to the writer, the ‘displacement effect’ on the visitor is caused by
A the variety of works on display and the way they are arranged.
B the impossibility of viewing particular works of art over a long period.
C the similar nature of the paintings and the lack of great works.
D the inappropriate nature of the individual works selected for exhibition.

35. The writer says that unlike other forms of art, a painting does not
A involve direct contact with an audience.
T

B require a specific location for a performance.

E
N
I.

C need the involvement of other professionals.

H
T

D have a specific beginning or end.

N
O
U
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IL
A

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Example 3.
BEYOND THE BLUE HORIZON
Ancient voyagers who settled the far-flung islands of the Pacific Ocean

A. There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: how
did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No-one
has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed.
Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they turn into
myths long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita .

B. ‘All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that were capable of ocean
voyages, and they had the ability to sail them,’ says Geoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at
the University of Auckland. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed down
over thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through the archipelagoes
of the western Pacific, making short crossings to nearby islands. The real adventure didn’t
begin, however, until their Lapita descendants sailed out of sight of land, with empty horizons
on every side. This must have been as difficult for them as landing on the moon is for us
today. Certainly it distinguished them from their ancestors, but what gave them the courage to
launch out on such risky voyages?

C. The Lap it as thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin
notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. ‘They
could sail out for days into the unknown and assess the area, secure in the knowledge that if
they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride back on the trade winds.
This is what would have made the whole thing work .’ Once out there, skilled seafarers would
have detected abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds, coconuts and twigs carried out to
T

sea by the tides, and the afternoon pile-up of clouds on the horizon which often indicates an
E
N
I.

island in the distance.

H
T
N
O

D. For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes would
U
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have provided a safety net . Without this to go by, overshooting their home ports, getting lost
A

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and sailing off into eternity would have been all too easy. Vanuatu, for example, stretches
more than 500 miles in a northwest-southeast trend, its scores of inrervisible islands forming
a backstop for mariners riding the trade winds home.

Questions 32-35
Multiple Choice Question
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.

32 According to the writer, there are difficulties explaining how the Lapita
accomplished their journeys because
A the canoes that have been discovered offer relatively few clues.
B archaeologists have shown limited interest in this area of research.
C little information relating to this period can be relied upon for accuracy.
D technological advances have altered the way such achievements are viewed.

33 According to the second paragraph, what was extraordinary about the Lapita?
A They sailed beyond the point where land was visible.
B Their cultural heritage discouraged the expression of fear.
C They were able to build canoes that withstood ocean voyages.
D Their navigational skills were passed on from one generation to the next.

34 What does ‘This’ refer to in the third paragraph?

A the Lapita’s seafaring talent
B the Lapita s ability to detect signs of land
C the Lapita’s extensive knowledge of the region
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D the Lapita’s belief they would be able to return home

E
N
I.
H
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35 According to the fourth paragraph, how was the geography of the region
N
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significant?
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A It played an important role in Lapita culture.

A

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B It meant there were relatively few storms at sea.

C It provided a navigational aid for the Lapita.
D It made a large number of islands habitable.

T
E
N
I.
H
T
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U
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A

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