Port State Control 24/06/2025

Awareness day
 SUMMARY

01 02 03 04 05
INTRODUCTION PSC BACKGROUND AND ROLE OF PSC PSC SENSITIVE ITEMS / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS
ORGANIZATION DETAINABLE
DEFICIENCIES

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01
INTRODUCTION

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N°1 / INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

› Training objectives
› Agenda
› Speakers'
presentation
› Evaluation before the
presentation
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N°1 / INTRODUCTION

TRAINING OBJECTIVES

› At the end of this training, you should:

› Know the background and organization of the Port State
Control
› Understand the PSC procedures and especially the
inspection process
› Get familiar with the most common detainable
deficiencies
› Be able to start putting in place preventive actions

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N°1 / INTRODUCTION

AGENDA
Timing Topics Speakers

09h30 – 09h45 Introduction Redouane ASSAD

09h45 – 10h30 PSC background and organisation Amélie LABBE / Moritz KLEMKE

10h30 – 12h30 Role of PSC Georgios MELAS / Amélie LABBE

12h30 – 13h30 LUNCH

13h30 – 14h45 PSC sensitive items / detainable deficiencies Darren ROBERTS / Michael VALKOV

14h45 – 15h45 Preventive actions Michael VALKOV / Moritz KLEMKE

15h45 – 16h30 Q&A Speakers / attendees

16h30 Closing address Redouane ASSAD

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N°1 / INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
SPEAKERS’ PRESENTATION

Redouane ASSAD
› Fleet Management Director
Amélie LABBE
› Head of Technical Performance and Port State Control department
Moritz KLEMKE
› Marine Operations Manager IMEA (India, Middle East & Africa zone)
Georgios MELAS
› Fleet Management Technical and Training Expert
Darren ROBERTS
› Fleet Management Technical and Training Expert
Michael VALKOV
› Marine Operations Manager SEEBA / NEZ (South East Europe, Black sea & Adriatic zone and North
Europe Zone)
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N°1 / INTRODUCTION

EVALUATION
BEFORE THE
PRESENTATION

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02
PSC BACKGROUND
AND ORGANIZATION
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N°2 / PSC BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATIONS

PSC BACKGROUND
AND
ORGANIZATIONS
› Purpose and
authority

› Regional
Organizations
(MoUs)
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N°2 / PSC BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATIONS

PSC BACKGROUND
Fla g Ad min is tra tio n s

RO c o d e
IMO Re s . MS C.349(92)

Po rt S ta te Co n tro l
EU Re g u la tio n (EC) No
391/2009

Article 11
EU Reg u la tio n (EC) No 391/2009

IACS QS CS a n d IS O 9001
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N°2 / PSC BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATIONS

PURPOSE

› Port State Control (PSC) is a system of

harmonized inspection procedures designed
to target sub-standard ships, with objective
being their elimination. PSC carries out
inspection of foreign ships in national ports
to verify that the condition of the ship and its
equipment comply with the requirements of
international regulations and that the ship is
manned and operated in compliance with
these rules.

› Many of IMO's most important technical

conventions contain provisions for ships to
be inspected when they visit foreign ports to
ensure that they meet IMO requirements.

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N°2 / PSC BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATIONS

PURPOSE

› Port State Control (PSC) inspections

were originally intended to be a back up
to flag State implementation, but
experience has shown that they can be
extremely effective, especially if
organized on a regional basis.

› Responsibility for monitoring the

compliance of ships with the
international standards for safety,
pollution prevention and onboard living
and working conditions lies primarily
with the flag state.

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N°2 / PSC BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATIONS

PURPOSE

› Relying on Recognized Organizations,

the flag state normally guarantees the
completeness and efficiency of the
inspection and surveys for issuance of
relevant certificates.

› Responsibility for maintenance of

condition of the ship ant its equipment,
after surveys, to comply with the
requirements of Conventions applicable
to the ship lies with ship’s company.

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N°2 / PSC BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATIONS

PURPOSE

Purpose
› To establish a “safety net” in order to catch and
eliminate substandard ships
Inspections
› On foreign ships in national ports
› condition of ship and its equipment
› manning and ships operations
› Undertaken on the basis of
› initiative of local Port State
› flag request
› information from anyone with interest in
safety of the ship, crew, passengers and
protection of marine environment

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N°2 / PSC BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATIONS

AUTHORITY
› Port States have rights to exercise authority over ships in their waters

› National law based on relevant Conventions in force

› Boarding & Inspection
› Remedial action
› Possible detention

› Provisions
› SOLAS, LL, MARPOL, STCW, Tonnage, AFS and BWM

› Additional national rules and regulations

› Example: the Oil Pollution Act, 1990 (OPA 90) adopted by the United States
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N°2 / PSC BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATIONS

REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (MOUS)

IMO has encouraged the establishment of regional port State control organizations and agreements on port
State control - Memoranda of Understanding or MOUs - have been signed covering all the world's oceans:

ABUJA MOU – West Central Africa PARIS MOU – Europe & North Atlantic

BLACK SEA MOU – Black Sea Region RIYAH MOU – The Arab States of the Gulf

CARIBBEAN MOU – Caribbean TOKYO MOU – Asia & the Pacific

INDIAN OCEAN MOU – Indian Ocean US CG – United States of America

MEDITERRANEAN MOU – Mediterranean VINA DEL MAR MOU– South America

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N°2 / PSC BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATIONS

TOKYO MOU
35 000
Number of PSC inspection in 2024

30 000

25 000

20 000

15 000

10 000 Rizhao
5 000 Guangzhou
0

1 200 4,5% Singapore

4,0%
1 000
Number of PSC detentions

3,5%
Detention percentage

800 3,0%

2,5%
600
2,0%

400 1,5%

1,0%
200
0,5%

0 0,0%

Total Bureau Veritas

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PARIS MOU
18 000
Number of PSC inspection in 2024

16 000

14 000

12 000
Antwerpen
10 000

8 000 Trieste
6 000 Genoa
4 000

2 000

700 4,5%

4,0%
600
Number of PSC detentions

3,5%
Detention percentage

500
3,0%
400 2,5%

300 2,0%

1,5%
200
1,0%
100
0,5%

0 0,0%

Total Bureau Veritas

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US CG
9 000
Number of PSC inspection in 2024

8 000

7 000

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000 Houston
1 000

70 1,4%

60 1,2%
Number of PSC detentions

Detention percentage

50 1,0%

40 0,8%

30 0,6%

20 0,4%

10 0,2%

0 0,0%

Total Bureau Veritas

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N°2 / PSC BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATIONS

BLACK SEA MOU

5 000
4 500
Number of PSC inspection in 2024

4 000
3 500
3 000
2 500
2 000
Novorossiysk
1 500
1 000
500
0

250 5,0%
4,5%
200 4,0%
Number of PSC detentions

Detention percentage

3,5%
150 3,0%
2,5%
100 2,0%
1,5%
50 1,0%
0,5%
0 0,0%

Total Bureau Veritas

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N°2 / PSC BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATIONS

OTHER MOUS
25 000
Number of PSC inspection in 2024

20 000

15 000

10 000

5 000

0
Vishakhapatnam
500 2,0%
450
400
Number of PSC detentions

1,5%
Detention percentage

350
300
250 1,0%
200
150
0,5%
100
50
0 0,0%

Total Bureau Veritas

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03
ROLE OF PSC

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ROLE OF PSC
› Relevant instruments
› Selection of ships
› Inspection process
› Detention
› Banning of ships

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RELEVANT INSTRUMENTS
› International Conventions:
The right to inspect ships by PSC is laid down in the following codes and conventions :
› SOLAS 74 (Safety of Life at Sea) International Convention
› MARPOL 73/78 (Prevention of Pollution from Ships) Int. Convention
› International Load Line Convention 1966.
› STCW (Standards of Training Cert. and Watchkeeping of Seafarers) International Convention 78/95
› International Tonnage Convention 1969.
› Collision Prevention Regulation 1972 (COLREG 72).
› ILO Convention n° 147 (Merchant Shipping Min. Standards)
› ILO Maritime Labour Convention 2006 (MLC)
› International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992, (CLC 92)
› International Safety Management (ISM) Code
› International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code

Regulations of these conventions are checked by PSC for compliance.

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RELEVANT INSTRUMENTS

› National rules and regulations

› PSC applies relevant instruments applicable in “its” State

› No more favourable treatment for
› ships of non-parties to conventions
› ships below convention size

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SELECTION OF SHIPS
› Every day a number of ships is selected for a Port
State control inspection throughout the regions.

› To facilitate such selection, the MoU’s central

computer database is consulted by PSCOs (Port
State Control Officers) for data on ships
particulars and for the reports of previous
inspections carried out within the region.

› Each ship in the information system will be

attributed a ship risk profile, which will determine
its priority for inspection, the interval between its
inspections and the scope of the inspection.

› In selecting ships for inspection, the Authorities will

determine their priority from the selection scheme.

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SELECTION OF SHIPS
Ship Risk Profile
› All ships in the information system are assigned either as
High, Standard or Low risk based on generic and historic
parameters.
› Each criterion has a weighting which reflects the relative
influence of each parameter on the overall risk of the ship.

› In Paris MoU :
› High Risk Ships (HRS) are ships which meet criteria to a total
value of 5 or more weighting points.
› Low Risk Ships (LRS) are ships which meet all the criteria of the
Low-Risk Parameters and have had at least one inspection in the
previous 36 months.
› Standard Risk Ships (SRS) are ships which are neither HRS nor
LRS.

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SELECTION OF SHIPS
Ship Risk Profile

› Generic Parameters
› Ship's type and age
› Flag (Black-Grey-White list)
› Recognised organization (performance and
recognition)
› Company (performance)

› Historic parameters
› Number of deficiencies within 36 months
› Number of detention within 36 months

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SELECTION OF SHIPS IN PARIS MOU

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SELECTION OF SHIPS
In Tokyo MoU :
› Same criteria for HRS as in Paris MoU, except the
following :

› Same type of ships as Paris MoU + Container ships

have 2 weighting points
› Black Flags have only 1 point
› Only 3 detentions or more have 1 point
› Each inspection with more than 5 deficiencies count for
an additional point

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SELECTION OF SHIPS
Frequency of inspections :
› Periodic inspections
› Periodic Inspections are carried out at intervals determined by the
ship risk profile.
› Ships become due for periodic inspection in the following time
windows:
› Paris MoU :
› For HRS – between 5-6 months after the last inspection in the region.
› For SRS – between 10-12 months after the last inspection in the region.
› For LRS – between 24-36 months after the last inspection in the region.
› Tokyo MoU :
› For HRS – between 2-4 months after the last inspection in the region.
› For SRS – between 5-8 months after the last inspection in the region.
› For LRS – between 9-18 months after the last inspection in the region.

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SELECTION OF SHIPS
Frequency of inspections :
› Additional inspection
› Overriding or unexpected factors might
trigger additional inspections in between
periodic inspections.

Periodic Inspections and Additional Inspections count

equally. Therefore, the time span for the next periodic
inspection re-starts after an additional inspection.

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SELECTION OF SHIPS
› Overriding factors in Paris MoU :
› Reported by another Member State or the secretariat,
› Involved in a collision, grounding or stranding on their
way to port,
› Accused of an alleged violation of the provisions on
discharge of harmful substances or effluents,
› Maneuvered in an erratic or unsafe manner whereby
routing measures, adopted by the IMO, or safe
navigational practices and procedures have not been
followed,
› Suspended or withdrawn from their Class for safety
reasons after last PSC inspection,
› Cannot be identified in the database.

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SELECTION OF SHIPS
› Unexpected factors (serious threat to the safety of the ship and the crew or to the environment) in
Paris MoU :
› Ships reported by pilots or relevant authorities which may include information from Vessel Traffic Services about
ships’ navigation,
› Ships which did not comply with the reporting obligations,
› Ships reported with an outstanding ISM deficiency (3 months after issuing of the deficiency)
› Previously detained ships (3 months after the detention),
› Ships which have been the subject of a report or complaint by the master, a seafarer, or any person or
organization with a legitimate interest in the safe operation of the ship, ship on-board living and working
conditions or the prevention of pollution, unless the Member State concerned deems the report or complaint to
be manifestly unfounded,
› Ships operated in a manner to pose a danger,
› Ships reported with problems concerning their cargo, in particular noxious or dangerous cargo,
› Ships where information from a reliable source became known, that their risk parameters differ from the
recorded ones and the risk level is thereby increased,
› Ships carrying certificates issued by a formerly Paris MoU recognized organization whose recognition has been
withdrawn since the last inspection in the Paris MoU region.
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SELECTION OF SHIPS
› Overriding priorities in Tokyo MoU :
› Ships which have been subject of report or notification by another Authority;
› Ships which have been the subject of a report or complaint by the master, a crew member, or any other person or organization
with a legitimate interest in the safe operation of the ship, shipboard living and working conditions or the prevention of the
pollution, unless the Authority concerned deems the report or complaint to be manifestly unfounded;
› Ships which have been permitted to leave the port of a State, the Authority of which is a signatory to the Memorandum, on the
condition that the deficiencies noted must be rectified within a specified period, upon expiry of such period;
› Ships which have been reported by pilots or port authorities as having deficiencies which may prejudice their safe navigation;
› Ships carrying dangerous or polluting goods, which have failed to report all relevant information concerning the ships’ particulars,
the ships movements and concerning the dangerous or polluting goods being carried to the competent authority of the port and
coastal State;
› Ships allowed to proceed to the nearest appropriate repair port available to remedy to the deficiencies which caused a detention
and cannot be remedied in the port of inspection but proceeded to sea without complying with the conditions agreed to by
Authority of the port of inspection
› Ships which are identified by port State intentionally choosing a particular port for inspection in order to obtain a favourable
inspection result to reduce the ships’ risk level and extend window of inspection; and
› Category of ships identified by the Committee from time to time as warranting priority inspections.

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SELECTION OF SHIPS
Priority of inspections in Paris MoU
› The selection scheme is divided into two priorities:
› Priority I: ships must be inspected because either the time window
has closed or there is an overriding factor
› Priority II: ships may be inspected because they are within the time
window or the port State considers an unexpected factor warrants
an inspection

› If a Priority II periodic inspection is not performed the ship

remains Priority II until the time window closes and the ship
becomes Priority I.

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SELECTION OF SHIPS
Priority of inspections in Tokyo MoU
› The selection scheme is divided into two priorities:
› Priority I: Where practical, ships are to be inspected when
the time window has closed
› Priority II: ships may be inspected because they are within
the time window of inspection, if no higher priority ship to
be inspected is available
› If targeted ships have the same priority ranking, the
ship risk profile should be considered when selecting
ships for inspection.
› The priority and the level of selection are shown for
each ship in the information system, available on the
website of Tokyo MoU

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INSPECTION PROCESS
Types of Inspection (Scope) :
› Initial inspection:
› A visit on board a ship to check the validity of the
relevant certificates and other documents, the overall
condition of the ship, its equipment and its crew
› First impression
› Documentation check
› Walk around:
› Overall condition of the ship, equipment, navigational
bridge, forecastle, cargo holds/areas, engine-room and pilot
transfer arrangements and verify that any outstanding
deficiency from the previous PSC inspection has been
rectified.
› If the certificates are valid and general impression
and visual observations on board confirm a good
standard of maintenance, the PSCO should generally
confine the inspection
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INSPECTION PROCESS
Types of Inspection (Scope) :
› Initial inspection:
› Clear grounds for more detailed inspection
› Evidence that the ship, its equipment or its crew do
not correspond to the requirements of relevant
conventions
› Master or crewmembers not familiar with essential
shipboard operational procedures

› In Paris MoU : absence of certificates or documents or

there are clear grounds, or crew does not meet the
requirements of a relevant instrument.
› In Tokyo MoU : In the absence of valid certificates, or if
there are clear grounds for believing that the crew or the
condition of the ship or its equipment does not
substantially meet the requirements of a relevant
instrument, or the master or crew are not familiar
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INSPECTION PROCESS
Types of Inspection (Scope) :
› More detailed inspections
› In-depth inspection covering the ship's construction,
equipment, manning, living and working conditions
› inspection of ship structural and equipment
(structure, machinery spaces, Load Lines, Life-
saving appliances, fire safety, means of access to
ship).
› Control of operational requirements (day-to-day
activities, assessment of preparedness for
emergencies and drills).
› In Paris MoU : «expanded» inspections
› chemical tankers, gas carriers, oil tankers, NLS
tankers, bulk carriers and passenger ships of more
than 12 years old
› High Risk Ships (HRS)
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INITIAL INSPECTIONS
Scope :
› examination of certificates/documents
› manning control
› provisions of STCW 78
› provisions of ILO 147
› clear grounds

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INITIAL INSPECTIONS
Scope :
› A visit on board a ship to check the validity of the relevant
certificates and other documents, the overall condition of the
ship, its equipment and its crew.
› Before boarding the ship, a PSCO may gain, from its
appearance in the water, an impression of its standard of
maintenance from such items as the condition of its paintwork,
corrosion or pitting or unrepaired damage.
› After the certificate and document check, the PSCO should
check the overall condition of the ship, including its equipment,
navigational bridge, forecastle, cargo holds/areas, engine-room
and pilot transfer arrangements and verify that any outstanding
deficiency from the previous PSC inspection has been rectified.
› If the certificates required by the relevant conventions are
valid and the PSCO’s general impression and visual
observations on board confirm a good standard of
maintenance, the PSCO should generally confine the
inspection to reported or observed deficiencies, if any. 43
N°3 / ROLE OF PSC

INITIAL INSPECTIONS
› Review of following certificates/documents
› trading, existing exemption certificates and copy of DOC
› class certificates and previous PSC inspection reports
› tonnage and minimum safe manning certificates
› oil record books, SOPEP and cargo securing manual
› dangerous goods manifest or stowage plan
› certificates issued with STCW Convention
› medical certificates, table of shipboard working arrangements
and records of working hours
› stability information
› muster list, fire control plan and ship’s log
› garbage record book and plan
› insurance certificate of civil liability in case of oil pollution
damage
› authorisation for the carriage of grain

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N°3 / ROLE OF PSC

INITIAL INSPECTIONS
› Review of certificates/documents for following ships :
› Tankers
› ESP files
› Record of ODME of last ballast voyage
› Cargo record book (Annex II)
› Bulk carriers
› ESP files
› bulk carrier booklet
› Loading/unloading plan
› Passenger ships
› Damage control plan
› Decision-support system for the master
› List of operational limitations
› Plan for co-operation with search and rescue services
› Information on A/Amax (ro-ro)

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INITIAL INSPECTIONS
› Manning control
› manning not in accordance with safe manning document or
› safe manning document not available
⇒ consult flag State ⇒ no reply ⇒ minimum standards
applicable
› Control under provisions of STCW 78/95 limited to
› review of seafarer's certificates
› assess the ability of the crew to maintain the watch keeping
standards only if any of the cases below have occurred :
› ship involved in collision, grounding or stranding
› illegal discharge of substances
› ship manoeuvred in an erratic and unsafe manner
› ship operations posed danger to persons, property or environment

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INITIAL INSPECTIONS
› Control under the provisions of ILO 147
› inspect the following Labour Conditions :
› minimum age
› medical examination
› articles of agreement
› food and catering
› crew accommodation
› accident prevention:
 accommodation ladder
 cargo gear

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CLEAR GROUNDS
Definition (Resolution A.1185(33)) :
› Evidence that the ship, its equipment, or
its crew does not correspond
substantially with the requirements of the
relevant conventions or that the master
or crew members are not familiar with
essential shipboard procedures relating
to the safety of ships or the prevention of
pollution

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CLEAR GROUNDS
Examples of clear grounds :

› The absence of principal equipment or arrangements

required by the Conventions.
› Evidence from a review of the ship’s certificates that
a certificate or certificates are invalid.
› Evidence that certificates and documents required by
the relevant conventions are not onboard, incomplete,
not maintained or falsely maintained.
› Evidence from PSCO’s general impressions and
observations that serious hull or structural deterioration
or deficiencies exist that may place at risk the structural,
watertight or weather-tight integrity of the ship.

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CLEAR GROUNDS
Examples of clear grounds :

› Evidence from PSCO’s general impressions and

observations that serious deficiencies exist in the
safety, pollution prevention, or navigational equipment.
› Information or evidence that the master or crew is not
familiar with essential shipboard operations, relating to
the safety of ships or the prevention of pollution, or that
such operations have not been carried out;
› Indications that key crew members may not be able
to communicate with each other or with other persons
on board;

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CLEAR GROUNDS
Examples of clear grounds :

› The emission of false distress alerts

not
followed by proper cancellation
procedures;
and
› Receipt of a report or complaint
containing
information that a ship appears to be
substandard.
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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

Scope

› In-depth inspection covering the ship's

construction, equipment, manning, living and
working conditions
› inspection of ship structural and equipment
(structure, machinery spaces, Load Lines, Life-
saving appliances, fire safety, means of access
to ship).
› Control of operational requirements (day-to-day
activities, assessment of preparedness for
emergencies and drills).

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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

Inspections of ship structural and equipment
› Structure
› machinery spaces
› conditions of assignment of Load Lines
› Life-saving appliances
› fire safety
› regulation for preventing collisions at sea
› Cargo Ship Safety Construction certificate
› Cargo Ship Safety Radio certificate
› Means of access to ship
› equipment in excess of Convention/Flag
requirements

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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› Structure
› Seek an opinion on hull maintenance and general
condition of deck by checking :
› ladderways, guard rails
› pipe coverings, areas of corrosion/pitting
› Look for significant areas of damages
› Review enhanced survey report file
› missing on board ⇒ overall survey of holds/ballast
tanks/cofferdams
› Inspections on bulk carriers :
› review bulk carrier booklet
› check for unauthorised repairs on main structure in holds
› verify marking of the loading triangle
› test of water level alarms in holds

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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› Machinery spaces
› Seek an opinion on maintenance of machinery by checking if :
› disconnected or inoperative control rods/machinery tripping devices
› missing valve hand wheels
› water-, steam-, oil- or FO leaks
› dirty tank tops and bilges
› large number of temporary repairs (pipe clips/cement boxes)
› Assess the general condition of the installation
› if general deficiencies
› inoperable pressure gauges, rusted relief valves
› malfunctioning alarms and automatic equipment, leaking boiler
casings
› repeated operation of crankcase relief valves, etc ...
⇒ review of logbook and records of machinery
failure/accidents
⇒ request running tests of machinery

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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› Machinery spaces (continue)
› generator out of service ⇒ investigate if enough
power for essentials
› if evidence of neglect becomes obvious ⇒ testing :
› steering gear arrangements
› overspeed trips
› circuit breakers
› Conditions of assignment of Load Lines
› examine closing appliances
› test freeing ports
› inspect means for protection of the crew

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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› Life saving appliances

› look for disuse of/obstruction to survival launching equipment

› paint accumulation, seizing of pivot points
› absence of grease, condition of blocks and falls
› attend the lowering of survival crafts/means for recovery of
survivors
› review certificates of servicing of liferafts/marine evacuation
system
› check number and of condition of life jackets and life buoys
› verify if pyrotechnics are still within period of validity
› test over-side lighting and illuminated routes to embarkation/muster
positions
› test means of alerting crew and passengers

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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› Fire safety
› review fire control plan
› check condition or test :
› fire line, hydrants, fire hoses and extinguishers, fire doors, fire dampers and
smoke flaps
› stopping of ventilation fans, means of closing main inlets/outlets of ventilation
› verify effectiveness of escape routes
› Regulation for preventing collisions at sea
› check condition or test :
› Navigation lights & Means for making sound and distress signals
› Cargo Ship Safety Construction certificate
› check pumping arrangements, test alarm systems and emergency
power supplies
› test shut-off of air and oil supplies
› Cargo Ship Safety Radio certificate
› review of radio log/records, review certificates of radio personnel
› possible test of equipment, means of maintenance 58
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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› Means of access to ship
› Assessment of the means of embarkation on and
disembarkation from the ship

› Equipment in excess of Convention/Flag

requirements
› must be operational, if not ⇒
› repaired
› removed or clearly marked as inoperative and secured

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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

Control of operational requirements

› PSCO will not include operational tests which :

› in judgement of master, could jeopardise safety of ship, crew,
passengers, control officers or cargo
› interfere with normal ships operations (loading / unloading of
cargo, ballasting)
› would unnecessarily delay the ship

› PSCO will exercise his professional judgement to assess

the compliance of operational requirements

› Day-to-day activities
› Assessment of preparedness for emergencies and
drills

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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

Control of operational requirements
› Day-to-day activities
› bridge operation, cargo operation, operation of machinery
› manuals, instructions, etc.
› oil and oily mixtures from machinery spaces
› loading, unloading and cleaning procedures for cargo spaces of
tankers
› dangerous goods and harmful substances (package)
› Garbage, sewage, air pollution prevention
› Assessment of preparedness for emergencies and drills
› muster and communication
› Search and rescue plan (passenger ships)
› fire drills, abandon ship drills, enclosed space entry and rescue
drills, emergency steering drills
› SOPEP/SMPEP
› fire control plan
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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› Bridge operation
› Determine if officers are familiar with bridge equipment
› bridge control, navigational equipment, steering, safety equipment, manoeuvring
characteristics, lifesaving signals, up to date nautical publications, manuals
› Determine if officers are familiar with bridge procedures :
› navigation, steering modes, manoeuvring, periodic tests, preparations for arrival/departure,
emergencies, logbook entries, signalling, communications,
› Cargo operation
› Determine if crew members are familiar with their duties
› review written info on stowage / safe carriage of cargo
› Inspection on solid bulk cargos :
› loading is in accordance with plan agreed by ship and terminal
› crew members are familiar with different Codes of Safe Practice (moisture limits, trimming,
hazards, liquefaction)
› Inspection on liquid bulk cargos :
› officers and key crew members are familiar with
› cargo / equipment
› safety measures with relevant Codes (SOLAS, IBC, IGC)

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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› Operation of the machinery
› Determine if crew members are familiar with their duties in operating :
› emergency and stand-by sources of power - emergency generator and stand-by
generator
› auxiliary steering gear
› bilge and fire pumps - number, valves, starting, most likely causes of failure
› other equipment essential in emergency - lifeboat engine, emergency stops, fire
detection and alarm systems
› Manuals, instructions, etc.
› Determine if crew members are able to understand/respond to following
information :
› maintenance and operation of firefighting/lifesaving appliances
› emergency instructions (each crew member)
› escape routes/emergency instructions/donning life jackets (passengers)
› training manuals
› SOPEP/SMPEP
› stability information

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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› Oil and oily mixtures from machinery spaces
› Determine if officer is familiar with handling of sludge and bilge water
› Verify if ullage of sludge/holding tank is sufficient for next voyage

› Loading, unloading and cleaning procedures for cargo spaces of

tankers
› Determine if operational requirements have been met
› COW, inert gas system, stripping and ballasting of tanks (annex I)
› stripping, prewash, discharge, cleaning and ballasting of tanks (annex II)

› Dangerous goods and harmful substances (package)

› determine if crew members are familiar with relevant provisions of :
› medical first aid guide
› emergency procedures for ships carrying dangerous goods

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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› Garbage
› determine if crew members are familiar with provisions for :
› collecting, storing, processing and disposing of garbage
› determine if crew members are aware of “special areas”
› Sewage
› the sewage treatment system, comminuting and disinfecting system or holding
tank has been used
› appropriate ship's personnel are familiar with :
› the correct operation of the sewage treatment system, comminuting and
disinfecting system or holding tank
› the discharge requirements
› Air pollution
› Determine if the master or crew is familiar with :
› the procedures to prevent emissions of ozone-depleting substances and sulphur
when equivalent arrangements are in place
› the proper operation and maintenance of diesel engines (NOx/Sox)
› the operation of the shipboard incinerator
› Determine if the master or crew has undertaken the necessary fuel changeover
procedures or equivalent, associated with demonstrating compliance within a SOx
emission control area 65
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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› Muster list
› Ensure that list is exhibited in several places and updated
› Check if list is in accordance with regulations :
› duties for each crew member
› maintenance of safety equipment, survival craft, substitutes crew
members dealing with passengers during emergencies, format and
language
› Determine if crew members are familiar with their duties

› Communication
› Determine if key crew members are able to communicate
› between each other
› with passengers during emergencies

› Search and rescue plan (passenger ships)

› Approved plan for cooperation on board
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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› Fire drills
› Indicate a ship’s location for simulated fire ⇒ observe
progress :
› sounding of alarm
› reporting of fire and arriving of firefighting crew
› proper donning and use of equipment
› reporting to damage control centre
› handling of injured person
› Verification of various “manning” duties not directly linked to
the fire :
› emergency generators
› CO2 room
› sprinkler and emergency fire pumps
› manually closing of doors/fire dampers
› assisting passenger evacuation

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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› Abandon ship drills
› Observe the following operations :
› sounding of alarm and summoning of crew/passengers
› emergency lighting for mustering/abandonment positions
› correct donning of life jackets
› lowering of at least one lifeboat (engine/radio)
› lowering of rescue boat if it is not lowered lifeboat
› operation of davits used for launching liferafts
› procedure for deployment of MES up to the point of actual deployment
› mock search for passengers trapped in their cabins
› Time limits :
› preparation for launching a survival craft (2 crew members) : max 5’
› launching of survival crafts : passenger ship max 30’
cargo ship max 10’

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‘MORE DETAILED’ INSPECTIONS

› SOPEP/SMPEP
› determine if crew members are familiar with their duties/equipment
› check knowledge of officers on
› watertight compartments (boundaries, controls, openings)
› trim and stability in case of flooding (cargo holds, counter measures)

› Fire control plan

› ensure that plan/booklets are exhibited in several places and updated
› determine if crew members are familiar with their duties/equipment
› determine if officers are familiar with structural fire protection

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EXPANDED INSPECTIONS IN PARIS MOU

Scope :
› Expanded Inspections applicable for all ships listed
below (risk type), which are more than 12 years old
› oil tankers
› bulk carriers
› gas and chemical carriers
› passenger ships

› and High Risk Ships (HRS)

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EXPANDED INSPECTIONS IN PARIS MOU

› Check of the overall condition, including human
element where relevant, in the following areas:
› Structural condition
› Emergency systems
› Radio communication
› Fire safety
› Alarms
› Living and working conditions
› Life saving appliances
› Pollution prevention

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EXPANDED INSPECTIONS IN PARIS MOU

› Inspections/tests on bulk carriers
› Documentation
› review of ESP File (Surveys, HCER, Planning, UTM)
› Cargo carried is allowed by the DoC for Dangerous Goods
› Approval for loading instruments
› Structural condition
› Condition of bulkheads and coamings
› Ballast tanks - At least one of the ballast tanks within the cargo area to be examined
› Inspection/tests on gas and chemical carriers
› Documentation
› Product carried is allowed by the Certificate of Fitness (Chemical, Gas or NLS)
› Cargo operations
› Cargo monitoring (Level, temperature, pressure)
› Oxygen analysing/explosimeter/chemical detection devices - calibration and operation
› fixed firefighting installation
› cabin escape sets and eye protection

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EXPANDED INSPECTIONS IN PARIS MOU

› Inspections/tests on oil tankers
› Documentation
› review of ESP File (Surveys, HCER, Planning, UTM)
› fixed deck foam system (operation and Analysis Certificate (suitable for cargoes)
› Structural condition
› Ballast tanks - At least one of the ballast tanks within the cargo area to be examined
› inert gas pressure and O2 content

› Inspections/tests on passenger ships

› Documentation
› Crowd-management training, Familiarisation, Safety training providing assistance to passengers,
Crisis management
› Watertight/Weathertight condition- Bow / stern doors as applicable, watertight doors
› Crew familiar with damage control plan
› Fire safety- Remote closing of fire doors, fire dampers
› Alarms - public address system – Fire detection and alarm
› Abandon ship drill (including lowering a rescue and a life boat to the water)

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DETENTION
› In case of detention, the classification society / RO is to be made
aware without any delay.

› An occasional survey is to be requested by the ship’s manager in

order for the classification society / RO to check whether the ship
is still compliant with class rules and / or statutory requirements. If
not, the classification society / RO will issue respectively
conditions of class and / or recommendations / observations with
short-term certificates if necessary and agreed with the Flag
Administration.

› PSC officer may require an additional audit to be carried out by

the RO.

The cooperation of the crew / ship officers with the attending surveyor
/ auditor is of utmost importance as the classification society / RO
may ease the process of releasing the ship.

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DETENTION
› It is also essential to understand that each and every
detention has influence on the performance of most of the
stakeholders : Flag States, ROs and companies.
› Each detention are considered in the annual evaluation of
the main organizations (regional and national) for the
purpose of establishing targeting priorities under their PSC
program. This may result in all associated vessels being
assigned higher targeting priority by the MoUs or USCG
during subsequent port calls respectively in these regions
or country.
› The performance is often established annually taking
account of the inspection or deficiency and detention
history over the preceding three calendar years.
› The performance of Flag States, ROs and companies
influences the ship risk profile, which determines the
scope, frequency and priority of inspections.

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DETENTION

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DETENTION

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ACTIONS TAKEN
Code 10
› Definition: deficiency rectified.
› Application: this code is used when a noted deficiency has been confirmed to be rectified and the PSCO has
checked and found to be rectified.

› In this example the PSC re-attended and noted that the spares had been supplied and put in the lifeboat. The PSC report was
then amended by changing the action taken from code 17 to code 10 (deficiency rectified).

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ACTIONS TAKEN
Code 15
› Definition: Rectify deficiency at next port.
› Application: this code is used when a deficiency cannot be remedied in the port of inspection.
In such case the maritime authority may allow a ship to proceed to another port, if appropriate
under conditions as determined by the port of inspection.
› Examples :

› Which of these deficiencies could be expected to be required to be ‘dealt with’ before the vessel would be allowed to sail from a
U.S. port? (i.e. a Captain of the Port restriction)
› Which of these deficiencies could be a detention item in the Paris MoU?

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ACTIONS TAKEN
CODE 16
› Definition: Rectify deficiency within 14 days.
› Application: although, in principle, all deficiencies must be rectified before departure, code 16 can be used in case
of minor deficiency, which, to the professional judgement of the PSCO, is not hazardous to safety, health or the
environment and does not require immediate follow-up.
› Attention: deficiency remains pending in THETIS database.

› Which one of these Deficiencies could be a detention item in Australia?

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ACTIONS TAKEN
Code 17
› Definition: Master instructed to rectify deficiency before departure.
› Application: this code is used in case the nature of a deficiency requires rectification before the ship proceeds and
the PSCO has informed the master accordingly (it is up to the professional judgement of the PSCO to decide, on a
case by case basis, if he has to return to the ship to check personally if the respective deficiency has been
rectified).
› Attention: deficiency remains pending in THETIS database.
› Situation 1: code 17 and a second inspection. During the first inspection the PSCO writes a code 17 in the inspection report. If
during a second inspection the deficiency is found to be rectified, this must be noted in the report in the following way: Draw a
strike (/) through code 17 and write behind it code 10 (deficiency rectified).
› Situation 2: code 17 without a second inspection. In the judgement of the PSCO the nature of the deficiency does not
justify/require a second inspection. Action taken code 17 shall be a point of attention to the next port of call.

› Example :

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ACTIONS TAKEN
CODE 19
› Definition: Safety management audit by the Administration is required before departure of the ship
› Application: this code is used only for a detainable defective item code 15150 ISM.
› Guidance on identifying and reporting ISM related deficiencies can be found in the PSCC Instruction from Paris
MoU on the ISM Code.
› The PSCO should use professional judgement in deciding whether technical or operational related deficiencies,
individually or collectively lead to detention of the ship and indicate a serious failure, or lack of effectiveness, of the
implementation of the ISM Code
› If the PSCO does establish a link between technical or operational related deficiencies found and the
implementation of the ISM Code, an ISM related deficiency should be recorded with the action taken code “Safety
management audit by the Administration is required before departure of the ship”.

› In case PSC Model Forms are used to record deficiencies, the free text to be recorded should read:
› "Safety management audit by the Administration is required before departure of the ship. Deficiency(s) marked ISM is (are)
objective evidence of a serious failure, or lack of effectiveness, of implementation of the ISM Code.”
› A serious failure or lack of effectiveness of the implementation of the ISM Code is a ground for detention.

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ACTIONS TAKEN
Code 30
› Definition: Grounds for detention.
› Application: this code is used to indicate the deficiency which is the grounds for detention of a ship.
› Definition: the formal prohibition for a ship to proceed to sea due to established deficiencies which, individually or
together, make the ship unseaworthy.
› The following are the main criteria for the detention of a ship (by PSC):
› A ship which is unsafe to proceed to sea will be detained upon the first inspection, irrespective of the time the ship is scheduled to stay in port
› The deficiencies on a ship are so serious that they will have to be rectified before the ship sails.

› Example : the PSCO saw rust stains on the hull (top left photo).

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ACTIONS TAKEN
Code 99
› Definition: Master instructed to ...
› Application: Use only when an instruction to the master is considered appropriate and it is not covered by the
standard actions taken. Further it is necessary to indicate in clear text as to what the master is instructed to do and
the time allowable for completing the action requested.

› Code 99 is available for all deficiencies of all main groups of codes except: 15150 ISM, 1610X Security (exception
16105 - Access control to ship, where code 99 is available)

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BANNING OF SHIPS
Refusal of Access (banning)
› There are three reasons for which a ship to be refused
access to ports in the Paris MoU region:

1. When a ship has been detained 3 times, within a period

of 36 months this applies to ships flying the flag of a
State on the black list of the Paris MoU or when a ship
has been detained 3 times, within a period of 24 months
this applies to ships flying the flag of a State on the grey
list of the Paris MoU

2. When a ship jumps a detention

3. When a ship does not call at the agreed repair yard

following a detention.

85
04
SENSITIVE ITEMS /
DETAINABLE
DEFICIENCIES 86
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

BV ITB FLEET

87
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BV ITB FLEET - FLAGS

Black List

Grey List

88
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PMOU – TANKERS – DET. DEFICIENCES

89
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

BV ITB – TANKERS DET. DEFIC.-PMOU-2025

90
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

PMOU – TANKERS – TOP DEFICIENCES

91
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PMOU – GEN.CARGO – PORTS OF DETS

92
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PMOU – BV GC – PORTS OF DETS - 2025

93
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

PMOU – GC – DETAINABLE 2025

94
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BV ITB – GC - DET. DEFIC.- PMOU-2025

95
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

PMOU – GC – TOP DEFICIENCES 2025

96
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PORT COMPLIANCE RISK ANALYSIS

Example 01
PORT OF ANTWERPEN_BELGIUM

Example 02
SHANGHAI-NINGBO-XIAMEN_CHINA

Example 03
GIPPSLAND_SYDNEY_NSW_AUSTRALIA

Example 04
ZHANGJIAGANG_CHINA

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Sensitive items and detainable Deficiencies

Most PSC inspections result in the same repetitive defects.

The defect trends for the last 10 years have the same 10 defect categories and defects.

There is no change in the top 10 items year-on-year, only the order they appear.

If this trend is constant, this means nothing is changing.

We are not learning …………….

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Top 10 categories
The top 10 list of defect categories
› ISM
› Fire safety
› Life saving appliances
› Safety of navigation
› Propulsion and auxiliary machinery
› ILO – MLC Title 4: Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security
› Emergency systems
› Water / weathertight conditions
› ILO – MLC Title 3: Accommodation, recreation facilities, food and catering
› Structural conditions

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#1 Fire Safety
Most common deficiencies under fire safety:
› Fire doors
› Fire extinguishing installations and equipment
› Fire-dampers and ventilation
› Fire detection and alarm systems
› Fire prevention
› Fire pumps and pipework
› Remote means of control (valves, pumps, ventilation, etc)
› Protection of heated surfaces
› Familiarisation

100
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

Fire Doors
Common defects
› Doors not closing properly
› Closing device missing
› Closing mechanism inoperative
› Corrosion
› Doors kept opened with self-made devices
› Clip
› Cable
› Other devices
› Latching mechanism defective
› Doors not fire-resistant

101
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

Fixed fire fighting

Common defects
› System not operationally ready
› Service/transport pins fitted
› Pilot cylinder disconnected
› Instructions missing or incorrect
› Blocked or defective nozzles
› Loose or disconnected hoses
› Corrosion

102
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

Fire dampers
Common defects
› Inoperative
› Seized spindles
› Pilot cylinder defective
› Dogs seized
› Direction indicator missing
› Blocked access
› Loose or missing gaskets

103
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Fire detection and alarms

Common defects
› Alarm panel inoperative
› System faults
› Zones isolated
› Indicator lights inoperative
› Crew unable to test (missing equipment)
› Loose or missing detector heads
› Defective remote audible/visual indicators

104
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Fire prevention
Common defects
› Blocked access
› Poor housekeeping
› “Gagged” gauge glasses
› Quick closing valves inoperative
› Oil accumulation in machinery spaces

105
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Fire pumps and pipework

Common defects
› Pump defects
› Gland leakage
› Self-priming device inoperative
› Gauges defective
› Insufficient pressure
› Corrosion
› Missing equipment
› Seized hydrants and isolating valves
› Leaking hoses and hydrants

106
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Remote means of control

Common defects
› Quick closing valves
› Closing device inoperative
› Valves “gagged” open
› Insufficient pressure
› Remote stops inoperative

107
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Protection of heated surfaces

Common defects
› Damaged or missing lagging
› Lagging oil soaked
› High pressure fuel pipes not double walled
› Oil spray control tape not approved type

108
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#2 Lifesaving Appliances
Most common deficiencies under lifesaving appliances:
› Lifeboats and rescue boats
› Launching arrangements for survival craft
› Emergency lighting systems
› Lifebuoys
› Liferafts
› Lifejackets and immersion suits
› Emergency means of escape
› SOLAS training manual
› Pyrotechnics
› Familiarisation

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Lifeboats and rescue boats

Common defects
› Damaged or corroded hooks
› Release gear not set correctly
› Damaged or missing markings
› Expired provisions
› Engine failure
› Missing equipment
› Hull damages
› Corroded air cylinders

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Launching arrangements
Common defects
› Damages or corrosion
› Defective or expired wires
› Inspections not conducted

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Emergency lighting
Common defects
› Damaged fittings
› Lights inoperative
› Lights not identified
› Insufficient illumination

112
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Lifebuoys
Common defects
› Damaged or cracked casing
› Buoy full of water
› Incorrect weight
› Damaged reflective tape
› Illegible markings
› Incorrectly rigged
› Secured to rails or structure
› Quick release inoperative

113
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Liferafts
Common defects
› Embarkation arrangements defective
› HRU incorrectly rigged
› HRU expired
› Vessel details not correct on ID card
› Davit not ready for use
› Cradle corroded

114
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Lifejackets and immersion suits

Common defects
› Incorrect sizes
› Seals perished
› Zips seized
› Reflective tape not approved type
› Expired batteries on lights
› Tears and damages

115
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Emergency means of escape

Common defects
› Doors not self-closing
› Lighting inoperative
› Access blocked
› Rescue gear not rigged
› Signage missing or damaged
› Unable to open from inside
› Ladder not SOLAS compliant
› Escape routes blocked

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SOLAS training manual

Common defects
› Damaged or missing
› Not ship-specific

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Pyrotechnics
Common defects
› Expired
› Damaged
› LTA not rigged for operation
› Not stored in correct location

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#3 Safety of navigation
Most common deficiencies under safety of navigation:
› Magnetic compass
› Chart corrections
› Nautical publications
› Passage planning
› Lights, shapes and sound signals
› Steering gear
› Pilot ladders and transfer arrangements
› Radar shadow sectors
› Compass deviations
› Familiarisation

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Magnetic compass
Common defects
› Air bubbles
› Adjustment not done
› Not legible from conning position
› Gyro not aligned

120
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Chart corrections
Common defects
› Missing updates
› ECDIS paper back-up missing
› Failed ECDIS updates
› CPU battery faults
› ECDIS not protected from access

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Nautical publications
Common defects
› Missing publications
› Outdated publications
› No back up for electronic

122
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Passage planning
Common defects
› Plans not berth to berth
› Large scale charts not used
› Controlling operating parameters missing
› ECDIS alarms disabled
› Safety contour and depth alarms missing
› Tidal information missing
› CATZOC not considered
› NTM not considered
› Parallel indexing missing
› Safe distances not entered
› No go areas not defined

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Lights, shapes and sound signals

Common defects
› Damaged fittings
› Back-up lighting inoperative
› Alarm system defective
› Sidelight boxes not matt black
› Incorrect light fitted (arc)
› Insufficient spare lamps

124
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Steering gear
Common defects
› Damaged or missing instructions
› Leakages on system
› Defective communications
› Motion not smooth
› Water ingress
› Time 35º to 35º excessive
› Gyro repeater incorrect
› Decks not anti-slip
› Deviation between bridge and
steering room

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Pilot ladders and transfer arrangements

Common defects
› Damaged and worn
› Handhold stanchions not correct
› Length of the ladder incorrect
› Ladder not certified
› Ladder secured by shackles
› Incorrect spreader spacing
› Ladder secured to stanchions
› Tripping line obstruction

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Radar shadow sectors

Common defects
› Damaged or missing

127
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

Compass deviations
Common defects
› Deviation card missing
› Compass error log not completed

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#4 Propulsion and auxiliary machinery

Most common deficiencies under propulsion and auxiliary machinery:
› Boiler safety devices and fittings
› Fuel oil leakages
› Exhaust systems
› Electrical installations
› Temporary repairs to cooling and seawater systems
› Cleanliness of engine room
› Emergency source of power
› Insufficient fuel for emergency generator
› Bilge pumping arrangements
› Familiarisation

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Boiler safety devices and fittings

Common defects
› Defective/illegible level gauges
› Fuel leakages
› Steam/water leakages
› Defective pressure gauges
› Leaking/defective safety valves
› Differing readings local/remote
› Missing lagging/insulation
› Controls overridden
› Unapproved modifications
› Easing gear inoperative/missing

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Fuel oil systems

Common defects
› Damaged or missing lagging
› Oil soaked lagging
› Leakages
› High pressure fuel lines not shielded
› Unreadable gauges
› Temporary repairs

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Exhaust systems
Common defects
› Damaged or missing lagging
› Leakages

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Electrical installations and fittings

Common defects
› Unapproved modifications
› Non approved cable penetrations
› Loose cables
› Damaged fittings
› Switchboard earth faults
› Dangerous arrangements

133
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Cooling water system and fittings

Common defects
› Leakages
› Unreadable gauges
› Temporary repairs

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Machinery space cleanliness

Common defects
› Leakages
› Dirty bilges
› Poor housekeeping

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Emergency source of power

Common defects
› Insufficient fuel
› Failure to start
› Secondary means of starting
› Unable to take full load

136
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Bilge pumping arrangements

Common defects
› Emergency bilge suction defective
› Emergency bilge suction unmarked
› Emergency bilge suction padlocked
› Full or dirty bilges
› Bilge alarms defective

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#5 ILO MLC title 4

Most common deficiencies under ILO health protection medical care,
welfare and social security:
› Cleanliness of machinery spaces (Already covered in Section 4)
› Unguarded machinery and hazards
› Inadequate lighting
› Electrical equipment (Already covered in Section 4)
› Winches and mooring
› Expired medicines and equipment
› Financial security
› Risk assessment
› Personal protective equipment
› Accident prevention and housekeeping

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Unguarded machinery and hazards

Common defects
› Damaged or missing guards
› Emergency stops missing
› Unmarked trip hazards
› Unsafe mooring arrangements

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Inadequate lighting
Common defects
› Damaged or missing lighting
› Insufficient lighting levels

140
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#6 Emergency systems
Most common deficiencies under emergency systems:
› Emergency lighting (Already covered in Section 1)
› Availability of equipment
› Emergency generator operation (Already covered in Section 4)
› Fire detection systems (Already covered in Section 1)
› Alarms and indicators
› Emergency towing arrangements
› Permanent means of access
› Stability information and requirements
› Means of communication
› Familiarisation

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Availability of equipment
Common defects
› Damaged or missing equipment
› Equipment in wrong location
› Equipment not ready for use

142
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Alarms and indicators

Common defects
› Inoperative PA system
› Engine room repeaters inoperative
› 24v system inoperative
› General alarm inoperative

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Emergency towing arrangement

Common defects
› System not rigged for operation
› Corroded chain
› Seized chain stopper
› Incorrect rating of strong points
› Buoy light expired

144
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Means of access
Common defects
› Damaged/corroded ladders
› Damaged/corroded handrails
› Missing ship structure access manual
› Defective gangway/accommodation ladder
› Missing safety net
› Missing lifebuoy and light
› Safe access to bow missing chains

145
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

Stability requirements
Common defects
› Inoperative loading computer
› Loading computer not approved
› Missing damage control plan
› Water ingress alarm inoperative
› Dewatering system inoperative

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Means of communication
Common defects
› GMDSS defects
› Radio log not maintained
› Missing ITU publications
› 24v system inoperative
› GMDSS batteries defective
› Missing GOC certificates
› Defective Navtex receiver
› DSC tests not recorded

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#7 Water and weathertight conditions

Most common deficiencies under water and weathertight conditions:
› Watertight and weathertight doors
› Ventilators and closing appliances
› Hatch covers and coamings
› Load line markings
› Sounding pipes
› Ventilator pipes and heads
› Scuppers inlets and discharges
› Railings and bulwarks
› Windows and scuttles

148
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Watertight and weathertight doors

Common defects
› Corroded retaining strip
› Door not sealing
› Securing dogs defective
› Corroded door/frame
› Damaged gasket

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Ventilators and closing appliances

Common defects
› Corroded retaining strip
› Vent not sealing
› Vent not accessible
› Vent blocked
› Securing dogs missing/defective
› Corroded flap/vent
› Damaged gasket
› Seized closing arrangement
› Cables through vent

150
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Hatch covers and coamings

Common defects
› Corroded retaining strip
› Hatch not sealing
› Clamps missing/defective
› Blocked/damaged drains
› Damaged gasket
› Defective mechanism
› Hydraulic leakages
› Corrosion/fractures

151
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Load line markings

Common defects
› Plimsoll Line illegible
› Multiple load lines visible
› Incorrect Society showing
› Load line not permanently marked
› Load line not in contrasting colour
› Marking not as per Load Line Cert

152
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

Sounding pipes
Common defects
› Sounding pipe corroded
› Missing closing caps
› Closing caps non-metallic
› Damaged closing threads
› Defective self-closing device
› Closing devices removed
› Closing devices held open

153
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Ventilator pipes and heads

Common defects
› Vent heads corroded
› Deflector plates damaged/missing
› Vent head float/seal defective
› Vent pipe corroded
› Flame gauze missing

154
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Scuppers, inlets and discharges

Common defects
› Temporary repairs
› Cement boxes
› Leakages

155
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Railings and bulwarks

Common defects
› Damaged railing/bulwark
› Corroded railings
› Detached bulwark stays
› Missing railings/chains
› Non-metallic closers used

156
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Windows and scuttles

Common defects
› Missing closing plates
› Seized deadlights
› Poor sealing
› Damaged glass
› Cables through window/frame

157
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#8 ILO title 3
Most common deficiencies under accommodation, food and catering:
› Expired provisions
› Galley cleanliness
› Insufficient provisions for voyage
› Hospital facilities
› Heating and ventilation
› Lighting levels (Already covered in Section 4)
› Sanitary facilities
› Cleanliness of accommodation
› Sleeping rooms
› Food storage and temperature

158
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Expired provisions
Common defects
› Food past “use by date”
› Spoiled or rotten food

159
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

Galley cleanliness
Common defects
› Infestation
› Poor hygiene
› Dirty premises
› Cracked tiles
› Inadequate hot water supply

160
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

Insufficient provisions
Common defects
› Insufficient food quantity
› Insufficient food types
› Insufficient drinking water

161
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Hospital facilities
Common defects
› Not exclusive for medical use
› Unsanitary conditions
› Expired medicines
› Insufficient medical stores
› Medical stores not certified
› Missing equipment
› Sanitary facilities defective
› Ventilation defective

162
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Heating and ventilation

Common defects
› Defective air conditioning
› No cabin heating
› Damaged/defective diffusers

163
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Sanitary facilities
Common defects
› Defective toilets
› Defective showers
› Inadequate water supplies
› Unsanitary facilities
› Insufficient facilities

164
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Cleanliness of accommodation
Common defects
› Unsanitary conditions
› Defective flooring
› Defective furniture
› Insufficient furniture
› Inadequate laundry facilities
› Cabins used as storage rooms

165
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Sleeping rooms
Common defects
› Unsanitary conditions
› Defective flooring
› Defective furniture
› Insufficient furniture
› Unclean bed linen
› Bed linen not supplied
› Towels not supplied
› Inadequate lighting
› Damaged fixtures

166
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Food storage and temperature

Common defects
› Poor food segregation
› Fridge temperatures high
› No fridge temperature log
› No stock rotation
› Incorrect defrosting

167
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#9 Structural conditions
Most common deficiencies under structural conditions:
› Deck corrosion
› Bulkhead corrosion
› Fractures
› ESP planning
› Operational damage
› Ballast tanks
› Openings to cargo areas
› Safe access to tanker bows
› Water level detectors
› Damage impairing seaworthiness

168
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Structural conditions
Common defects
› Excessive corrosion
› Fractures
› Buckling
› Indentations
› Detachment
› Pitting
› Contact damage
› Weather damage

169
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

#10 ISM
Wait, wasn’t ISM #1 on the original list?

Why has this been left until the end?

The answer is very simple.

EVERYTHING is ISM………….!!!!!!

Let’s go back to the first slide…………….

170
N°4 / SENSITIVE ITEMS / DETAINABLE DEFICIENCIES

4 The responsibility
#10 ISM and authority of the
8.3 The safety person 10.1 The Company
designated
8.3
or The
managementpersons safety
system
should should establish
management forsystem 7procedures
Most common deficiencies excluding ISM: should provide
include
should
monitoring
provide for should
The Company to ensure
12.1 The
measures
the Company
ensuring
safety and that theestablish
ship is
› Fire safety 1.2.2.1
10.2.1 Theprovide for
Company 1.2.2.2 assess 6.4
all The Company
thatmeasures
should the carry
Company's
pollution- ensuring procedures,
out maintained in plans
› Life saving appliances safe practices
should ensure that in shipthat
internal identified
the Company'srisks
safety aspectsand should
to its ensure that all
organization
prevention conformity with the
instructions,
operation
inspections andarea held
safeorganization
audits ships, personnel personnel
and involved in
› Safety of navigation ofon
theboard
can respond and of
at any
operation provisionschecklists
including of the
working environment
at appropriate ashorecan the
respond
at environment
intervals the
at any as andCompany's safety
› Propulsion and auxiliary machinery intervals time to hazards,
each ship and relevant rules
appropriate, and
for
5.1.1 The not Company
time establish
to
exceeding hazards, safeguards
management system
1.2.3.1should
The safety accidents
ensuring and regulations
key shipboard and with
› ILO – MLC Title 4 clearly
twelve defineagainst
accidents
months andtoCompanyhave an adequate
10.2.2 The
management Company emergency
system that 2.2situations
adequate
The any additional
operations
› Emergency systems and document
10.2.3 verify the
Theemergency
Company
whether situationsunderstanding of
should ensure
should involving its
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ensure ships.
and
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› Water / weathertight conditions any non-conformity safety involving
andthe its ships. of rules,
compliance with is shore-based policy maythebe
is regulations, personnel, ship
responsibility
8.1 The Company appropriate with
pollution- codes
› ILO – MLC Title 3 reported, withcorrective
mandatory its
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andaction is are
implemented andestablished
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› Structural conditions possible cause,
regulations if applied, as
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environment.
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known situations,
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and establishenvironmental-management
proceduresprotection
to policy of ship-based andand assigned to
system. shore-based qualified personnel.
the Company
respond to them
171
05
PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

172
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

173
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ISM CODE)

SHIP • Effective implementation of the SMS system
MANAGEMENT • Access control onboard the vessel

For a ship management company

and ship’s crew to avoid problems MAINTENANCE
with the PSC inspections, the
owners/managers shall ensure that • Regular Maintenance onboard
the ship is loaded and operated in • Regular checking / updating of the documents used for ship’s
a proper manner by competent and operations
qualified crew and the ship is
• Checking the validity of the certificates/ documents
properly maintained in complying
with applicable relevant rules, • Cleanliness of the vessel (deck, accommodation spaces, engine
regulations and conventions. room)

TRAINING & FAMILIARIZATION

• Training of the master, key crew members and crew for ISM and
emergency situations.
• Ensure for polite and correct cooperation with the PSC Officers
• To avoid a Detention ‘Accidental damage’ notify the PSC authority
prior entering port including supporting documents and flag
correspondence 174
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

FLAG FLAG ADMINISTRATION

• Applying a filtering system for vessel’s registration
ADMINISTRATION • applying fleet monitoring policy​
• applying strict crew certification policy​
The flag Administrations can
• performing scheduled and unscheduled flag state inspections
contribute to minimize the risk for
detentions and PSC inspections,
for example:

SHIP MANAGEMENT

• Making effective detention follow-up with the ship owners

• applying penalty policy, if necessary​

CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY
• Holding private meeting with the ROs (Recognized Organizations)
• Sharing ‘Watch list’ of targeted vessels​

175
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY
• Providing trainings to its network on lessons drawn from PSC inspections and
CLASSIFICATION •
detentions
Implementation of concentrated inspection campaign.
SOCIETY • Using of the audit reporting tool to leverage lessons drawn from audits/VSAs
and surveyor monitoring. ​
• Performing the Vertical Ship Audits (unscheduled surveys) based on rating of
The Classification Society (RO) a ship, her PSC inspection results and survey results.
can contribute to minimize the risk • To implement effective fleet monitoring system based on the horizontal risk
for detentions and PSC analysis, ship’s rating (her age, type, PSC detention history, PSC inspection
inspections, for example: results, manager’s performance for PSC and their profile, flag)

SHIP MANAGEMENT
• Training to the shipowners on PSC, classification, statutory, ships operations,
ISM/ISPS.​
• Providing tools to the ship managers to prevent detentions

FLAG ADMINISTRATION
• Holding private meeting with the ROs (Recognized Organizations)
• Collaborate for detention investigation

PORT STATE CONTROL

• Maintaining a fruitful relation with the local PSC Office
176
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

ACCIDENTAL DETENTION
Detention should not be listed in the PSC statistics

Where the grounds for detention are the result of

accidental damage suffered to a ship, no detention
order should be issued, provided that:

› due account has been given to the Convention requirements

regarding notification to the flag State Administration, the
nominated surveyor or the class Society responsible for issuing
the relevant certificate;
› prior to entering a port, the master or company has
submitted to the port State authority details on the
circumstances of the accident and the damage suffered and
information about the required notification of the flag State
Administration;
› appropriate remedial action, to the satisfaction of the port State
authority, is being taken by the ship As a Corrective Action we
ensure that our procedures are enhanced, training is provided
or any other actions to ensure compliance.
P S C AW AR E N E S S D AY 177
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

FOLLOW-UP NS DETENTIONS
04 / Chapter

ACTION WITH ACTION WITH ACTION WITH

SHIPOWNERS LOCAL PSC OFFICES SURVEY CENTER

Manage with ship owners Manage with Local PSCs Training for NS Surveys
PSC READY Action taken Coordination with PSC
Pre PSC Inspection CCSP, PSC ready Training on case studies
CCSP Appeal for RO cases Workship with HO
VSA

178
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS PRE-ARRIVAL PSC INSPECTION PER PORTS

PRE ARRIVAL CHECKLIST

We are continuously updating Pre-Arrival

checklist for ports where it is advisable to
undertake an inspection by the crew for
preparedness.
› Available in MOVE under PSC
PREPARATION
› Provides checklist for major PSC deficiencies
for high risks ports.
› Checklist focus on the most critical findings
occurred for a specific port.

179
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS PSC READY APP 'FREE OF CHARGE'

PSC READY
Was released in April 2018 and is accessible
to all ship owners.
› Clients Benefits
› Sustain ship compliance
› Avoid deficiencies when inspected by PSC
› Improve fleet quality
› Prevent unexpected operational loss of time and
money
› Main Features
› Get knowledge on regulations requirements
› Get statistics according to your port arrival, ship
type & age
› Get information on last CIC & MoU news
› Get structed records with pictures
› Follow-up action to be taken & deficiencies
closure

Cloud based secured web application available on desktop mobile and tablet
https://marine-offshore.bureauveritas.com/digital/your-applications/psc-ready
https://pscready.bureauveritas.com/
180
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

PSC READY
WEB TOOL ‘FREE OF CHARGE’

BE NOTIFIED FOR CIC CREATE OUR CAMPAIGN ADD YOUR FLEET

CREATE AN INSPECTION SELECT CHECKLIST ADD OUR ITEM

181
https://pscready.bureauveritas.com
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

SHIP PERFORMANCE INDEX

Monitor s hips performance, follow closely any variation & trend

Benefits

Benchmark one specific fleet performance with the BV fleet average

Acces s eas ily indicators on a modern web platform & mobile devices
182
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

BV SHIP PERFORMANCE INDEX (SPI)

The performance of the ships entrusted to us as Class and RO is reviewed through 12
criteria related to Class/Stat/PSC/ISM/MLC, namely:
Related to Criteria
Class/ Stat Ship Risk Factor based on ship type, Flag rating and age
PSC Nb of Detentions​
PSC Nb of Detentions per inspection​
PSC Nb of Deficiencies​
PSC Nb of Deficiencies per inspection​
Class/Stat Nb of Recommendations & Observations​
ISM/MLC for the Ship Nb of Non-Conformities & Observations​
ISM for the Company Nb of Non-Conformities & Observations​
Class Nb of Class Suspensions​
Class/Stat/ISM/MLC Nb of Overdue items​
Class/Stat/ISM/MLC Nb of Surveys Postponed​
ISM Nb of PR17 raised for the ship 183
 N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

BV SHIP PERFORMANCE INDEX

Implementation Monitor
Assist clients where weaknesses may Enables clients and class to monitor
appear and cooperate with them (e.g. the trend of the performance of a ship.
training, additional ship's audits, etc.) to
implement corrective action. Alert the class on ships that present a
Class carries out an additional survey high risk of deficiencies/ detentions.
with the scope of the in accordance with
the SPI < 50 checklist. SPI
Planning Self-evaluation &
Improvement
Encourage clients who have a high SPI
to maintain their efforts to remain in the Enabled clients and class to self-
top of the list evaluate problems and derive
Enabled class to plan an occasional improvement in the quality of a ship
survey when Index goes down.

184
185
03/ CIC AND CCSP

BV SHIP PERFORMANCE INDEX (SPI)

Rating > 95

95 >= Rating > 80

80 >= Rating > 70

70 >= Rating > 50

50 >= Rating > 30

30 >= Rating

GRAPH: SPI distribution by BV ISTANBUL

fleet over the last 36 months

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N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

OCCASIONAL
SUREYS
SENSITIVE ITEM CHECKLIST
› An occasional survey to verify the
compliance with class and statutory items,
which are related to structure and essential
machinery and equipment.

› Applies to:
› Ship under monitoring
› As required by the flag
› Insufficient SPI Rating

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N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

SHIP PERFORMANCE INDEX

PSC DETENTION SUSPENSION OVERDUE ITEMS PR17

Weighting factor Weighting factor Weighting factor Weighting factors

up to 50% up to 7.5% up to 5% up to 7.5%

187
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

Preventive Action
OCCASIONAL Concentrated
Compliance

SURVEYS High risk period

Survey

for class related

detentions
CCSP
› A systematic detention preventive check of
vessels with “Insufficient” and “Weak” Annual survey Annual survey
performance index prior to arrivals in ports of + 90 days
incoming PSC inspections with the aim to
determine if the vessel condition is kept
compliant since the last RO survey and, if Corrective Action
need be, to require correction or repair. Concentrated
Compliance
Survey
› Applies to: PSC
detention
› Ship Performance Index < 50
› Ship detained in the previous 3 years
› Ship flagged under a blacklisted flag
› After detention as a corrective action
Annual survey Annual survey

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N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

EXAMPLE OF A RECENT CCSP SURVEY

189
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

VERTICAL AUDITS
Ship

Vertical Ship Audit Vertical Contract Audit

Internal Audit of a External audit of a

BV classed ship BV classed ship

190
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

VERTICAL SHIP AUDIT

Internal

A Vertical Ship Audit may be decided by the Marine

Operational Manager in charge on an unscheduled
basis, as an audit of the condition of the ship.

The auditor performs an audit and issues the following

documents:
› Vertical Ship Audit report
› List of findings supported by photographs 10+
During 2024 the VSA
were applied to
The report is communicated to the local survey center for assess a vessel for a
further necessary survey and follow-up of repairs, as transfer of class or to
assess the vessel’s
required. conditions.

P S C AW AR E N E S S D AY 191
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VERTICAL CONTRACT AUDIT

External

A Vertical Contract Audit is a contract specific audit

of a production processes, including witnessing
work during attendance at a survey in progress.

The external auditor performs a vertical contract audit and

issues the following documents:
› Finding report: Non-Conformity / Observation
› Request for Root Cause Analysis
› Request for Corrective Action
11+1
In total 11 VCA for
Ship in Service
Surveys and 1 VCA
for System Audits had
As a Corrective Action we ensure that our procedures are been carried out.
enhanced, training is provided or any other actions to
ensure compliance.

P S C AW AR E N E S S D AY 192
193
193
05 / RISK4SEA

THE PSC RISK ASSESSMENT PLATFORM

194
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

PORT OF CALL RISK ASSESSMENT - POCRA

Improve fleet quality considering customer / LTO related risk impacting our reputation

› Data reliability of Risk4Sea

› Commitment of the client

› Actions to be taken at port

› Automatization of the process (port of call)

› Capacity of the client to support the process

196
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

PSC inspections 19
8
N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

MAIL ALERTS WITH A CHECKLIST

Several conditions addressed and mail alerts recipients

199
05 / RISK4SEA

THE PSC RISK ASSESSMENT PLATFORM

N°5 / PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

PSC READY

201
06
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
202
EVALUATION AFTER
THE PRESENTATION

203
204