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 EMERGING
POSTHARVEST TREATMENT
OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
 Postharvest Biology and Technology

EMERGING
POSTHARVEST TREATMENT
OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Edited by
Kalyan Barman, PhD
Swati Sharma, PhD
Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui, PhD
Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc.
3333 Mistwell Crescent 9 Spinnaker Way
Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Canada Waretown, NJ 08758 USA
© 2019 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press, a member of Taylor & Francis Group
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-700-7 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-351-04631-2 (eBook)
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and re-
cording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher
or its distributor, except in the case of brief excerpts or quotations for use in reviews or critical articles.
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is
quoted with permission and sources are indicated. Copyright for individual articles remains with the authors
as indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable
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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Emerging postharvest treatment of fruits and vegetables / edited by Kalyan Barman, PhD, Swati Sharma, PhD,
Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui, PhD.
(Postharvest biology and technology book series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
ISBN 978-1-77188-700-7 (hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-351-04631-2 (PDF)
1. Fruit--Postharvest technology. 2. Vegetables--Postharvest technology. I. Siddiqui, Mohammed Wasim, editor
II. Barman, Kalyan, editor III. Series: Postharvest biology and technology book series
SB130.E44 2018 634 C2018-903729-6 C2018-903730-X

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Barman, Kalyan, editor.

Title: Emerging postharvest treatment of fruits and vegetables / editors: Kalyan Barman, Swati Sharma,
Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui.
Description: Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018030073 (print) | LCCN 2018034676 (ebook) | ISBN 9781351046312 (ebook) | ISBN
9781771887007 (hardcover : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Horticultural crops--Postharvest technology.
Classification: LCC SB319.7 (ebook) | LCC SB319.7 .E44 2019 (print) | DDC 635--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018030073

Apple Academic Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears
in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Apple Academic Press products,
visit our website at www.appleacademicpress.com and the CRC Press website at www.crcpress.com
ABOUT THE EDITORS

Kalyan Barman, PhD

Kalyan Barman, PhD, is Assistant Professor in the
Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricul-
tural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi,
Uttar Pradesh, India. Formerly, he served as Assis-
tant Professor in the Department of Postharvest Tech-
nology, K.R.C. College of Horticulture, University
of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, and
Department of Horticulture (Fruit & Fruit Technology), Bihar Agricultural
University, Sabour, Bihar, India. He is the author or co-author of 23 peer-
reviewed research articles published in various international and national
journals, 12 popular articles, and 14 book chapters. He is an active reviewer
of 25 international journals, such as Postharvest Biology and Technology
(Elsevier), Scientia Horticulturae (Elsevier), Food Chemistry (Elsevier),
Acta Physiologia Plantarum (Springer), Food Science and Nutrition (Wiley),
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation (Springer), International Journal of
Food Properties (Taylor & Francis Online), and many more. He has been
invited as a guest editor for special issue of Journal of Food Quality (Wiley
Hindawi). He has been guiding 7 students for MSc and PhD programs. He
is a dynamic teacher, researcher, and guide in the area of postharvest tech-
nology of horticultural crops.
He acquired his BSc degree (Horticulture) from Uttar Banga Krishi
Vishwavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India and completed both
his MSc and PhD from Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi,
India, specializing in postharvest technology of horticultural crops. He was
awarded ICAR Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) and INSPIRE fellow-
ship from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
for pursuing his MSc and PhD, respectively. He has worked on alleviating
chilling injury of mango and pomegranate during their low-temperature
storage, reducing pericarp browning of litchi and reducing sapburn in
mango. He has also identified a new physiological disorder in mango named
‘Stem-end blackening’ and associated with development of one variety each
of litchi and bael.
vi About the Editors

Swati Sharma, PhD

Swati Sharma, PhD, is currently working as a
Scientist at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Vege-
table Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Her
research work has been published in various interna-
tional and national journals, and she has been author
or co-author of more than 17 peer-reviewed research
articles, 12 popular articles, 20 conference papers, a
technical manual, and five book chapters. She is also
an active reviewer for several national and interna-
tional research journals. She has worked on maintaining the fruit quality and
enhancing marketability of plums using treatments, such as 1-methylcyclo-
propene, salicylic acid and nitric oxide. She has also worked on modified
atmosphere packaging and ethylene absorbents packaging of plum.
Dr. Sharma completed her BSc (Agriculture) degree at the Institute of
Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh,
India. She completed both her MSc and PhD degrees at the Indian Agri-
cultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India, specializing in postharvest
technology of horticultural crops. She has been recipient of ICAR Junior
Research Fellowship (JRF) and INSPIRE Fellowship by the Department of
Science and Technology, Government of India. She has also qualified for the
ICAR Senior Research Fellowship (SRF), acquiring first rank in the horti-
culture discipline and got second All-India rank in the ICAR Agricultural
Research Scientist (ARS) Examination in Fruit Science discipline.

Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui, PhD

Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui, PhD, is an Assis-
tant Professor and Scientist in the Department
of Food Science and Post-Harvest Technology,
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, India.
His contribution as an author and editor in the
field of postharvest biotechnology has been
well recognized. He is an author or co-author of
many peer-reviewed research articles, over 30
book chapters, two manuals, and more conference papers. He has over 20
edited books and an authored book to his credit. Dr. Siddiqui has estab-
lished an international peer-reviewed journal, the Journal of Postharvest
Technology. Dr. Siddiqui is a Senior Acquisitions Editor in Apple Academic
Press for Horticultural Science and is editor of the book series “Postharvest
About the Editors vii

Biology and Technology.” He has been serving as an editorial board member

and active reviewer of several international journals, such as PLoS ONE,
(PLOS), LWT- Food Science and Technology (Elsevier), Food Science and
Nutrition (Wiley), Acta Physiologiae Plantarum (Springer), Journal of Food
Science and Technology (Springer), Indian Journal of Agricultural Science
(ICAR), etc.
Recently, Dr. Siddiqui was conferred with several awards, including the
Best Citizen of India Award (2016); Bharat Jyoti Award (2016); Best Young
Researcher Award (2015) by GRABS Educational Trust, Chennai, India;
and the Young Scientist Award (2015) by the Venus International Founda-
tion, Chennai, India. He was also a recipient of the Young Achiever Award
(2014) for the outstanding research work by the Society for Advancement of
Human and Nature (SADHNA), Nauni, Himachal Pradesh, India, where he
is an Honorary Board Member and Life Time Author. He has been an active
member of the organizing committees of several national and international
seminars, conferences, and summits. He is a key member in establishing
the World Food Preservation Center (WFPC), LLC, USA. Presently, he is
an active associate and supporter of WFPC, LLC, USA. Considering his
outstanding contribution in science and technology, his biography has been
published in Asia Pacific Who’s Who and The Honored Best Citizens of India.
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CONTENTS

List of Contributors ..................................................................................... xi

List of Abbreviations .................................................................................. xv
About the Book Series: Postharvest Biology and Technology .................. xix
Books in the Postharvest Biology and Technology Series ........................ xxi
Preface. ................................................................................................... xxiii

1. Postharvest Treatments to Alleviate Chilling Injury in Fruits and

Vegetables .......................................................................................................1
Kalyan Barman, Swati Sharma, and Ram Asrey

2. Heat Treatments for Enhancing Storability of Fruits and

Vegetables .....................................................................................................37
Susan Lurie

3. Calcium: An Indispensable Element Affecting Postharvest Life of

Fruits and Vegetables...................................................................................59
Vijay Yadav Tokala and B. V. C. Mahajan

4. Effects of Methyl Jasmonate Treatment on Fruit Quality

Properties ......................................................................................................85
María Serrano, Alejandra Martínez-Esplá, Pedro J. Zapata, Salvador Castillo, Domingo
Martínez-Romero, Fabián Guillén, Juan M. Valverde, and Daniel Valero

5. Nitric Oxide for Enhancing Storage Life of Fruits and Vegetables.......107

Shuhua Zhu, Lili Zhang, Changbao Chen, and Jie Zhou

6. Nanotechnology in Packaging of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables ..............121

Ovais Shafiq Qadri, Kaiser Younis, Gaurav Srivastava, and Abhaya Kumar Srivastava

7. Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases ..............................................141

R. R. Sharma and S. Vijay Rakesh Reddy

8. Application of Ozone as a Postharvest Treatment ..................................185

Serdar Öztekin
x Contents

9. Advances in Edible Coatings and Films for Fresh Fruits and

Vegetables ...................................................................................................249
Evening Stone Marboh and Alok Kumar Gupta

10. Postharvest Treatments to Reduce Browning in Minimally

Processed Products .................................................................................... 303
Alemwati Pongener, M. B. Darshan, and Aabon W. Yanthan

11. Essential Oils and Plant Extracts as Natural Antimicrobial Agents .....317
A. García Heredia, J. E. Dávila-Aviña, C. Zoellner, L. E. Garcia-Amezquita, N. Heredia,
and S. García

12. Polyamines for Preserving Postharvest Quality ......................................353

Swati Sharma, Anil Kumar Singh, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Kalyan Barman, Sunil Kumar, and
Vishal Nath

Index ....................................................................................................................377
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Ram Asrey
Division of Food Science & Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New
Delhi, India

Kalyan Barman
Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Salvador Castillo
Department of Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University, Ctra Beniel km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela,
Alicante, Spain

Changbao Chen
Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural
University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China

M. B. Darshan
ICAR-AICRP on PHET, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

J. E. Dávila-Aviña
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Apdo. Postal 124-F, Ciudad
Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, México

S. García
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Apdo. Postal 124-F, Ciudad
Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, México

L. E. Garcia-Amezquita
Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación de Fisiología y Tecnología de
Alimentos de la Zona Templada, Av. Río Conchos S/N Parque Industrial, C.P. 31570 Cd. Cuauhtémoc,
Chihuahua, México

A. García Heredia
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Apdo. Postal 124-F, Ciudad
Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, México
Current address: University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA

Fabián Guillén
Department of Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University, Ctra Beniel km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela,
Alicante, Spain

Alok Kumar Gupta

ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India

N. Heredia
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Apdo. Postal 124-F, Ciudad
Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, México

Sunil Kumar
Department of Horticulture, North-Eastern Hill University, Tura, Meghalaya, India
xii List of Contributors

Susan Lurie
Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan,
Israel

B. V. C. Mahajan
Punjab Horticultural Postharvest Technology Centre, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab,
India

Evening Stone Marboh

ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India

Alejandra Martínez-Esplá
Department of Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University, Ctra Beniel km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela,
Alicante, Spain

Domingo Martínez-Romero
Department of Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University, Ctra Beniel km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela,
Alicante, Spain

Vishal Nath
ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, Mushahari, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India

Serdar Öztekin
Farm Machinery and Technologies Engineering Department, Agriculture Faculty, Cukurova University,
Adana, Turkey

Alemwati Pongener
ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India

Ovais Shafiq Qadri

Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Department of Postharvest Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar
Pradesh, India

S. Vijay Rakesh Reddy

ICAR-Central Institute of Arid Horticulture, Beechwal, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
María Serrano
Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Ctra Beniel km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela,
Alicante, Spain

R. R. Sharma
Division of Food Science & Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New
Delhi 110012, India

Swati Sharma
Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh,
India
Anil Kumar Singh
Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar
Pradesh, India

Sanjay Kumar Singh

ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, Mushahari, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India

Abhaya Kumar Srivastava

Department of Postharvest Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar
Pradesh, India
List of Contributors xiii

Gaurav Srivastava
Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Daniel Valero
Department of Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University, Ctra Beniel km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela,
Alicante, Spain
Juan M. Valverde
Department of Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University, Ctra Beniel km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela,
Alicante, Spain

Vijay Yadav Tokala

Curtin Horticulture Research Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University,
Perth, WA, Australia

Aabon W. Yanthan
ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Nagaland Centre, Jharnapani, Nagaland, India

Kaiser Younis
Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Pedro J. Zapata
Department of Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University, Ctra Beniel km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela,
Alicante, Spain

Lili Zhang
Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural
University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
Jie Zhou
Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural
University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China

Shuhua Zhu
Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural
University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
C. Zoellner
Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 306 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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