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McGraw-Hill's EMT Flashcards 2nd Edition Peter A. Diprima Digital Version 2025

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Contents
Preface and How to Use These Cards
Acknowledgments
Section 1: Preparatory
EMS Systems
Workforce Safety and Wellness
Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues
Communications and Documentation
The Human Body
Life Span Development
Section 2: Pharmacology
Principles of Pharmacology
Section 3: Patient Assessment
Patient Assessment
Section 4: Airway
Airway Management
Section 5: Shock and Resuscitation
Shock and BLS Resuscitation
Section 6: Medical
Medical Overview
Respiratory Emergencies
Cardiovascular Emergencies
Neurologic Emergencies
Gastrointestinal and Urologic Emergencies
Endocrine and Hematologic Emergencies
Immunologic Emergencies
Toxicology
Psychiatric Emergencies
Gynecologic Emergencies
Section 7: Trauma
Trauma Overview
Bleeding
Soft Tissue Injuries
Face, Eye, and Neck Injuries
Head and Spine Injuries
Chest Injuries
Abdominal and Genitourinary Injuries
Orthopedic Injuries
Environmental Injuries
Section 8: Special Patient Populations
Obstetrics and Neonatal Care
Pediatric Emergencies
Geriatric Emergencies
Special Challenge Patients
Section 9: EMS Operations
Incident Management
Terrorism Response and Disaster Management
Preface and How to Use These
Cards
Using flashcards is a very effective strategy for studying. Flashcards
are two-sided study aids that have a cue, a question, a concept on
one side, and the answer on the other or opposite side. You should
read all of the flashcards and divide them into 3 groups or
categories. Group 1 should be the cards with questions that you are
confident in your knowledge to answer. Group 2 should be cards
with questions to which you know some or part of the answers.
Group 3 should be the cards with questions to which you do not
know the answers at all.
Start with the Group 3 cards, focusing on understanding why the
answer is what it is and refer to your class notes and textbooks.
Once you become confident in answering these cards, move them
over to the Group 2 pile. Once all of your Group 3 cards have been
moved over to your Group 2 pile, begin working on your Group 2
pile. Once you become confident in answering these cards, move
them over to the Group 1 pile. Once all of your Group 2 cards have
been moved over to your Group 1 pile, begin working on your Group
1 pile.
Focus on filling the gaps in your knowledge when using these
study cards. Remember to allot time for studying and give yourself
plenty of rest before an examination.
I hope you will share your comments about these cards,
especially the ways you prefer to use them, so that we can make
improvements for the next edition.

Peter A. DiPrima, Jr., EMT-Paramedic/CIC


[email protected]
Scott S. Coyne, MD
[email protected]
Acknowledgments
Dedicated to my wonderful family.

PAD
Section 1: Preparatory
EMS Systems

Matching
a. An individual who has extensive training in
advanced life support, including
endotracheal intubation, emergency
1. Medical pharmacology, cardiac monitoring, and
director advanced assessment and treatment skills.
2. Paramedic b. Federal legislation passed in 1996 that
3. EMT limits availability of patients’ health care
information.
4. HIPAA
c. The physician who authorizes or delegates
5. Patient
to the EMT, the authority to provide medical
advocacy
care.
6. Online
d. Protection of patient rights.
medical
direction e. Individual who has training in basic life
support, including AED, use of definitive
7. Offline
airway adjuncts, and assisting patients with
medical
certain medications.
direction
f. Physician instructions given directly over the
phone or radio.
g. Protocols/standing orders.
1. Medical director: (c) The physician who authorizes or delegates
to the EMT, the authority to provide medical care.
2. Paramedic: (a) An individual who has extensive training in
advanced life support, including endotracheal intubation,
emergency pharmacology, cardiac monitoring, and advanced
assessment and treatment skills.
3. EMT: (e) Individual who has training in basic life support,
including AED, use of definitive airway adjuncts, and assisting
patients with certain medications.
4. HIPAA: (b) Federal legislation passed in 1996 that limits
availability of patients’ health care information.
5. Patient advocacy: (d) Protection of patient rights.
6. Online medical direction: (f) Physician instructions given directly
over the phone or radio.
7. Offline medical direction: (g) Protocols/standing orders.

Quality improvement (QI) is a system of internal/external reviews


and audits of all aspects of an EMS system. QI is important to an
EMS system to identify aspects needing improvement; this ensures
that the public receives the highest quality of prehospital care. List
the roles EMTs play in QI.

• Neat, legible, and accurate documentation


• Attending continuing medical education (CME) that includes run
review and call audits
• Gathering feedback from patients and hospital staff
• Conducting preventive maintenance
• Maintaining mastery of skills performance

Workforce Safety and Wellness

Matching
1. Posttraumatic a. (“Not me.”): Defense mechanism
stress disorder creating a buffer between shock of
(PTSD)
2. Infection control dying and dealing with the
3. Bargaining illness/injury.
4. Denial b. (“Why me?”): EMTs may be the target
of aggression.
5. Acceptance
c. (“OK, but first let me …”): Agreement
6. Depression
that, in the patient’s mind, will
7. Anger postpone death for a short time.
d. (“OK, I am not afraid.”): Does not
mean the patient will be happy about
dying. The family will usually require
more support during this stage than
the patient.
e. (“OK, but I haven’t …”): Characterized
by sadness and despair. The patient is
usually silent and retreats into his own
world.
f. Delayed stress reaction.
g. Procedures to reduce transmission of
infection among patients and health
care personnel.
1. Posttraumatic stress disorder: (f) Delayed stress reaction.
2. Infection control: (g) Procedures to reduce transmission of
infection among patients and health care personnel.
3. Bargaining: (c) (“OK, but first let me …”): Agreement that, in the
patient’s mind, will postpone death for a short time.
4. Denial: (a) (“Not me.”): Defense mechanism creating a buffer
between shock of dying and dealing with the illness/injury.
5. Acceptance: (d) (“OK, I am not afraid.”): Does not mean the
patient will be happy about dying. The family will usually require
more support during this stage than the patient.
6. Depression: (e) (“OK, but I haven’t …”): Characterized by
sadness and despair. The patient is usually silent and retreats into
his own world.
7. Anger: (b) (“Why me?”): EMTs may be the target of aggression.

Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues

Matching
1. Abandonment a. Care that an EMT is able to provide.
2. Duty to act b. Legal responsibility to provide care.
3. Expressed c. Unilateral termination of care.
consent d. Specific authorization to provide care
4. Implied consent expressed by the patient.
5. Negligence e. Legal assumption that treatment was
6. Standard of care desired.
7. Scope of f. Failure to provide the standard of care.
practice g. Accepted level of care.
1. Abandonment: (c) Unilateral termination of care.
2. Duty to act: (b) Legal responsibility to provide care.
3. Expressed consent: (d) Specific authorization to provide care
expressed by the patient.
4. Implied consent: (e) Legal assumption that treatment was
desired.
5. Negligence: (f) Failure to provide the standard of care.
6. Standard of care: (g) Accepted level of care.
7. Scope of practice: (a) Care that an EMT is able to provide.

Define abandonment.
Abandonment is leaving a patient, for whom you have an
established duty to act, without the consent of the patient or
arranging for transfer of patient care to another medical provider
trained to the same level (or higher) as you. Once you have an
established duty to act, you cannot leave, for any reason (short of
protecting your own life), without that consent or transfer of patient
care.

Define negligence.
Negligence is a failure to provide the level of care for which you
are responsible. Four elements must have occurred for the legal
determination of “negligence” to be reached:
1. There must have been a duty to act;
2. There must have been a breach of that duty, in whole or in part;
3. There must have been some injury or loss;

and

4. There must be a reasonable connection between the breach of


duty and the injury or loss.

Define dependent lividity.


After a person has died and circulation stops, the blood begins to
pool in the dependent areas (areas on the bottom part of the body
in the position of death). This is called dependent lividity and
starts within a few minutes after death, beginning in the extremities
and progressing to the rest of the body.
Lividity appears as a discoloration, resembling a blotchy black-
and-blue or reddish mark. As time passes, the discoloration becomes
more widespread and pronounced. It is caused when red blood cells
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