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First published in 2010 by Gloucester Publishers plc (formerly Everyman
Publishers plc ) , Northburgh H ouse, 10 Northburgh Street, London EC1V OAT

Copyright © 2010 Neil McDonald

The right of Neil McDonald to be identified as the author of thi s work h as been
asserted in accordance with the Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication m ay be reproduced, stored in a

retrieval system or tran smitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
electrostatic, magnetic tape, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior
permission of the publi sher.

British Libra ry Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

I S B N : 978 1 8 5 744 641 8

Distributed in North America by The Globe Pequot Press, P.D Box 480,
246 Goose Lane, Guilford, CT 06437-0480.

All other sales enquiries should be directed to Everyman Chess, N orthburgh H ouse,
10 Northburgh Street, London EC1V OAT
tel : 020 7 2 5 3 7887 fax: 020 7490 3 708
em ail : [email protected] ; website: www.everymanchess.com

Everyman is the regi stered trade m ark of Random H ouse Inc. and is used in thi s
work under licence from Random H ouse Inc.

Everyma n Chess Series

Chief advisor: Byron Jacobs
Commissioning editor: John Emms
Assi stant editor: Richard Palliser

Typeset and edited by First Rank Publishing, Brighton .

Cover design by Horatio Monteverde.
Printed and bound in the US by Versa Press.
Contents

Preface 5

Introduction 7

1 Gambit Lines and Early Oddities 16

2 White Plays 2 tbC3 37

3 White Plays 2 il.gs 52

4 White Avoids an early g2-g3 against a Leningrad Set-up 65

5 Sidelines in the Leningrad Variation 87

6 The Main Line Leningrad: 7 tbc3 c6 115

7 The Main Line Leningrad: 7 tbc3 tbc6 140

8 The Dutch versus 1 tbf3 and 1 c4 155

Index of Variations 172

Index of Games 174

 Preface

It is an appealing feature of the Dutch that 1 .. .fS can be played again st virtually
any opening move apart from 1 e4.
H owever, this is slightly misleading if it suggests that you only h ave to learn
one basic sequence of moves after 1 .. .fS and then you are ready for anything. In
reality the Dutch l eads to a range of pawn structures, each of which requires its
own special treatment. For example, thi s book is built around the Leningrad
Dutch, but in many cases Bl ack will do best to set up a Stonewall centre with ... d7-
dS, rather than play the 'characteristic' ... d7-d6 Leningrad move.
Likewise after 2 ttJC3, 2 ..tg s and other early divergences by White, the pawn
structure h as little, or sometimes nothing at all, in common with the traditional
Leningrad Dutch . Thus at times the centre is characteri stic of the Queen 's Gambit;
at other times the King's Indi an ; and after 2 ..tg s it feel s like a strange Sicilian
Hedgehog !
So more preparation is required to play the opening than is apparent at first
glance, when 1 . .fS appears such a great l abour-saving device. On the plus side you
.

are going to h ave more fun playing the Dutch - its variety mean s you aren 't going
to grow bored of it any time soon .
In view of the range of possibilities after l...fS, can we say that there is any one
strategic theme that run s through the openin g ? I find the varied adventures of
Black's f-pawn the most intriguing aspect of the opening. The pawn is cast for­
ward irretrievably into the world on move one, and ends up performing varied

5
Play t h e D u tc h

roles, sometimes i n the same game: a battering ram when i t advances t o f4; a pil­
lar of the state in the Stonewall, perhaps supporting a knight on e4; and the de­
stroyer of the white centre when it is exchanged for a pawn on e4. In a less aggres­
sive role it sits patiently on fS, restraining the white centre. Destroyer, restrainer,
pillar: the impact of the f-pawn is felt throughout the game, even if it vanishes
from the board at an early stage.
The Dutch i s a difficult opening for both players to h an dle, and sometimes it all
goes wrong for Black. H owever, there are al so great moments when the f-pawn
shows its power. Even the strongest opponents can find their position ripped up
by the dynamism of this little pawn .
Let me wish you good luck in your Dutch adventures. H ave fun with the f­
pawn !

N eil McDonal d
Gravesend
September 2008

6
 I ntr o d ucti on

Some St rate g ica l a n d

Ta ctica l Themes i n t h e D utch

Before w e become immersed i n sophis- 6 0-0 7 0-0 e6

...

ticated modern theory, I thought I'd

show you one of the very first Dutch
games on record.

Ci.Wa l ker-P. De Saint Amant

London 1836

1 d4 fs 2 e4 ttJf6 3 ttJe3 d6 4 ttJf3 e6?!

Chess history, or at least its termi­
nology, would h ave to be rewritten if
Bl ack had played 4 ... g 6 here, since the s .te2?!
Leningrad Dutch wasn't invented until Nowadays we'd expect 8 e4, seizing
a hundred or so years after this g ame. space before Black can establish a
Not surprisingly, Black puts his bishop Stonewall with his next move.
on e7 in Classical Dutch style. S dS 9 exd s exd s 10 iLd2 ttJe6 11 'iie 2
..•

S e3 iLe7 6 .td 3 a6 12 a3 .1i..d 6 13 b4 ttJe4!

White is al so unable to play in mod­ A procedure that will be much re­
ern style by fianchettoing his king's peated throughout this book. Bl ack
bi shop with S g 3 and 6 .1i..g2. m akes use of the 'de facto' outpost on

7
Play t h e D u tc h

e4. Its effect i n 1836 is such that White guard thing s on g7. H ere the dark
immediately blunders a pawn . squares around the black kin g are en­
tirely unprotected. Still, even after this
positional blunder the wedge of pawn s
on the light squares acts as a barrier
against the white attack.
25 f4 �b8 26 l:!.b1 iLe8 27 �b6
The manoeuvre 27 iLe1 and 28 iLh4
to infiltrate the dark squares on the
kingside l ooks strong .
2 7. . .�a7 28 iie7 d4 29 e 4 fxe4 30 f5?
A clever attackin g idea but with a
fatal flaw. H e should prefer 30 iLxe4.
14 b5? tiJxe3 15 iLxe3 axb5 16 �xb5
.l::txa 3 17 l:.xa 3 iLxa 3 18 .l::. a 1 i.. d 6 19
i.. d 3 �e7 20 iLd2 i.. d 7 21 iib3 J:tb8 22
l:te1 l:!a8 23 tiJe5 i.. x e5 24 dxe5
Now Black could keep his extra
pawn with 24 ... iixe 5 25 �xb7 l:ta7 26
"iVb6 ':a1 followed by simplifying. How­
ever, it seem s that Saint Amant wanted
to strengthen the f5 -pawn against any
possible i.. xf5 sacrifice.

30 ... 'iWb8!
Walker was hoping for 30 ... exd3 ? 3 1
f6 ! b 6 (to stop mate on g 7) 3 2 f7+ �g 7
3 3 iLh 6+! �xh 6 34 f8ii+ completing a
brilliant career for the f-pawn . In stead
he is obliged to exch ange queen s and
after some further adventures was de­
feated in the endgame by the pretty
finishing stroke 40 ... tiJf7.
3 1 'i\¥xb8 tiJxb8 3 2 i..x e4 gxf5 3 3 i.. x b7
24 ... g6?? iLxb7 34 Itxb7 :a1+ 35 �f2 tiJe6 36
The Leningrad Dutch king side pawn iLh6 tiJxe5 37 l:tg7+ �h8 38 h3 l:[a2+ 39
structure is ri sky enough for Black even �g3 f4+ 40 �xf4 tiJf7! 41 l:[xf7 .l:.f2+ 42
when there is a bishop available to �e4 l:txf7 43 �xd4 J:tf6 0-1

8
 I n t ro d u c t i o n

The Dutch pawn-ra m passed pawn h ave all become impor­

tant dyn amic factors in the position
th anks to the sacrifice of the torrent
pawn . The upshot is that thanks to the
' Dutch' pawn Bl ack gains activity in
what would otherwise h ave been a
dour defen sive position for him.
2 5 .ie5
It is the bl ack TOok on the c-file that
profits after 2 S g 3 d4 26 .id2 ':C2.
25 ...':'C4 26 ttJc3 d4 2 7 ttJa2

The position was reached in

V.Sergeev-N.Firman, Alushta 2009. It
looks as though Black can't do anything
but suffer with 2 3 ... l:ted8. H owever,
there came:
23 f41 1
•••

A move of splendid vitality.

24 exf4 ttJe6
What h as Black achieved with his
.. .fS-f4 move that serves him so well in
the Dutch ? N ow Black should have continued
Firstly, the scope of the bishop on a7 g enerating dynamism with his pawns
has been increased - it attacks f2 with 27 ... g S ! , creating a passed pawn
rather than (in Nimzowitsch's memo­ and active pieces after 28 fxg s ttJxg S .
rable phrase) 'bitin g on granite' Still, he m an aged t o win the endgame
against e3. anyhow after 22 moves.
Secondly, the rook on e8 is granted
an open file. Black esta blishes
Thirdly, the pawn on dS is converted a pawn wedge in the centre
into a passed pawn th at can advance to Sometimes the .. .fS-f4 pawn-ram oc­
d4 where it will be well defended. curs in a closed or static pawn struc­
Fin ally, the knight on e6 h as been ture after systematic preparation. Of­
activated with a threat to f4 as 2S ':'xdS ten White can be accused of nothing
ttJxf4 intending 26 ... ttJe2+ is at least worse than passive play in the Dutch,
okay for Black. but ends up in great difficulties before
So a black TOok, knight, bishop and move 20. Here is a typical positional

9
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Play t h e D u t c h

squeeze by Black again st passive play,

adorned with the pawn-ram .

W.Buehl-L.Reifurth
Chicago 1994

1 d4 fs 2 liJf3 liJf6 3 g3 g6 4 .i.g2 .i.g7 S

c4 0-0 6 0-0 d6 7 liJC3 c6 8 b3 'ii'a s 9
.i.b2 e5 10 'it'c2?

15 b4 .i.e6 16 liJa4 .i.f7 17 'it'd2

White h as no counterplay and so
Bl ack h asn't hurried his attack. How­
ever, now he decides it is time for vio­
lence:
17 ...liJg4 18 h 3 .i.h6! 19 e3
Black provoked this move so th at a
future .. .fS-f4 breakthrough will not
only attack e3 but al so contain the
threat of .. .f4-f3, smothering the bishop
An irresolute move that allows Black on g 2 .
to g et a grip on the centre. In stead 10 1 9. . .liJf6 20 � c 3 a6 2 1 l:t b l b 6 22 liJc2
dxe s dxes 11 e4 is di scussed in Chapter .i.e8 23 :fcl g5 24 .i.fl liJe7!
Six.
10 e4 ll liJel
•..

From bad to worse. He should pl ay

1 1 liJd2 followed by 12 e3 and then try
to edge forwards on the queen side.
11 d S 12 cxd 5?
..•

The fin al mi stake, giving the black

knight the c6-square.
12 ... cxd 5 13 a3 liJc6 14 ,l;tdl 'it'd8!
The queen has served her purpose
on the queenside and i s now n eeded to
support a king side attack. Black's basic Nicely done. Bl ack win s time to m a­
aim is to advance .. .fS-f4 at the most noeuvre his knight to g 6 to support the
favourable moment. .. .fS-f4 advance by a discovered attack

10
 I n t ro d u c t i o n

on the knight on a4. and h ave t o b e grasped!

25 ttJb2 The following position was reached
The white pieces are grouped on the in A.lljushin-E.Berg, European Champi­
queen side, but what can they do? onship, Budva 2009.
25 ...f4
The Dutch pawn h as the decisive
word.
26 exf4 gxf4 27 gxf4 ttJg6 28 �h1 ttJxf4
29 i.g2 ttJg4!
It's not too late for Black to throw it
all away with 29 ... ttJxg 2 ? 30 'iVxh6 when
31 :g l gives White a strong attack.

The c6-pawn i s attacked twice. If

21 ... i.e8 then 22 ttJe6 win s the ex­
change, while 21 ... i.xd4 22 'ii'x d4 gives
up Black's important dark-square
bishop, and 21 ... c5 22 .l:tb7 'iVc8 23 ttJc6
'ii'xb7 24 ttJxd8 'ii'C 7 25 ttJxf7 �xf7 26
'iVxd6 'iVxd6 2 7 l:txd6 leaves him a
pawn down in an endgame. Berg
30 ttJe3 comes up with a far better solution to
It all caves in for White after 30 Black's travails:
hxg4 'ifh4+ 31 �g l ttJh 3+ 32 i.xh 3 21 ... d5! 22 cxd 5 i.xd 5
i.xd2 3 3 i.xd2 'iVxf2+. Black remains under inten se pres­
30 ... ttJxh 3 3 1 i.xh3 'ii' h 4 0-1 sure after 2 2 ... cxd5 2 3 l:tdc1.
Either h3 or f2 drops next move 2 3 ttJxc6!
with a quick massacre Winning a pawn .
2 3 ... i.xc6
Black wins through tactica l If 23 ... i.xg 2 24 ttJxd8 ltxd8 25 'ii'b 3+
sha rpness after a tough defence �g 7 26 �xg 2 and White wins.
In the Dutch White often strives to g ain 24 'ii'C4+ �h8 2 5 i.xc6 .l:txd1+ 26 l:[xd1
space and/or open lines on the queen­ :c8 27 ':'C1 'ii'd 6
side. Black needs to be patient and White h as won a pawn, but the
keep an eye open for favourable tactics. presence of opposite-coloured bishops
Opportunities may appear suddenly mean s he has few winning chances.

11
Play th e D u tc h

the h8-square: for example, 40 ... 'ii'd 3+

41 �g 2 'ii'e 2+ 42 �h 3 'ii'x C4 43 'ii'h 8+
':h 7 44 'iVf8+ ':g7 45 'jfh 8+.
39 ':e7 40 i.. g 2 'ii'e 1+ 41 �h2 l:te3 1 42
..•

':c1 "XC1 43 'iVd4 'iVc3 44 'iVxa 7?

Black would still h ave to prove he i s
winning after 4 4 'ii'd 8 ! a s 4 4. . .':xg 3 ?
would only draw after 4 5 'iVf8+.
44 'ii'e 11 0-1
•••

A typica l adva ntage for Black

28 a4 �g7 29 �g2 l:r.C7 30 ':c2 'ii'd 1 3 1 in the endga me
h3 h S 3 2 h4 'ii'd 6 3 3 a s 'ii'd 1 34 a6 'ii'd 6 Black does surprisingly well in the end­
35 'iVbs �h6 36 ':C4 i.. d 4 g ame in the Dutch as White's pawn
Now the exchanges that result from structure gets worn down . In fact
37 i..f3 or 37 'ii'd 5 would leave White White often wears it down him self, or
with negligible winning chances, but makes it disjointed, by playing overly
he has lost his sen se of danger: sh arply. Assuming that e7 remain s
37 'ii'a 4? i.. xf2 1 1 guarded, the Dutch Leningrad pawn
structure is rather solid for Black - the
pawn on e7 is a linchpin that is difficult
to attack and holds together the black
centre.
The following position was reached
in A.Karpov-H.Nakamura, Cap d' Agde
(rapid) 2008.

The weakness of f2 strikes again .

3 8 �xf2?
White can hold on with 3 8 i..f3, for
instance if 3 8 ... i.. C 5 3 9 :C2.
38 .. :iVd2+ 39 �gl?
White can still draw with 39 �f1
:te7 40 'ii'a 1! stopping the mate on e1
and aiming for a perpetual check via Black has a couple of advantages:

12
 I n t ro d u c t i o n

The white bishop is shut in on g 2 by arrang e ... dS-d4, whereas White can
a solid barrier on e4. If f2-f3 i s ever only m ake moves with his pieces and
played to free it then the white pawn wait.
structure and pieces will be exposed to But still, can we really say th at the
tactical blows from the black pieces position is anything other than a draw?
that are m assed on the e-file and f­ For the sake of fairness I should point
files. H ere i s the paradox of the Dutch out this was a rapidplay g ame. On the
e2, f2, g 3 and h 2 pawn structure: it is other h an d, the fact th at Karpov
incredibly solid, but it can become a couldn't defend it shows that it isn 't
tomb for the bishop on g 2 - and in easy. Simple endgame position s are a
some cases for the king on g l. Being forte of the great masters, even after
behind h eavy fortification s is okay so their opening knowledge h as withered
long as you don 't want to get out. and their tactical sight declined.
In contrast, the black bishop on c4 is 2 S .. :ilt'f61
active. Unlike its opposite number on
g2, it h as escaped outside the pawn
chain and h as a target on e2. Further­
more, and this is an important factor
on a board that is so open, it is de­
fended by the pawn on dS and so is
secure from attack.
Whereas the pawn on dS is soundly
defended by the bishop on c4, White
has two pawn s that are potentially
vulnerable. The first is the pawn on e2
- it cramps the white queen 's mobility By threatening to mobilize the
to have to defend it. The second vul­ pawns with 26 ... d4 N akamura per­
nerable pawn is on f2. Its defen sive suades White to exchange off his active
alliance with the bishop on e3 is less rook.
secure than th at between the black 26 l:txf7 'ili'xf7 27 �fl
bishop and pawn on dS, because of the Intending to unwind with 28 �d4
possible disruptive move ... dS-d4. and 29 e3. If all the bishops vanish
Whereas the white pawn structure from the board, Karpov could even try
is solid but inert, the black pawns con­ to prove that the ds-pawn is a weak­
trol more space and are more dyn amic. ness.
To h ave pawns on dS and e4 versus 27 ...'iff61
pawn s on e2 and f2 gives Black a lot Denying Karpov his plan .
more potential to expand. H e can try to 28 �gs 'iffs

13
Play t h e D u tc h

With t h e incidental tactical threat rook checking there, poor Karpov h as to

of 29 ... e 3 ! winning in stantly as bl, d2, worry too about a possible invasion on
f2 and g 5 would suddenly all be hang­ his second rank with 3 1 ...l:la2.
ing ! 3 1 :e7?
29 l1b7 The calm 31 �e3 would still h ave
saved the day: if 31 .. JU8 then 32 �d4
when 32 ... �xg 3 ? ? allows the killer
check 33 :g7+; and 31 ... l:.a2 32 'iVb4
threatens 3 3 'iVe7 and so prevents Black
from continuing his attack.
3 1 . .l::tfS
.

With a double threat to f2 and g 3 .

3 2 �f4?!
After 3 2 �e3 �xg 3 ? ? 3 3 'iVd4!,
threatening m ate on g 7 and defending
f2 a third time, turn s the tables. But the
29 .. JlaS intermedi ate 3 2 ...'iIi'f6 ! does the trick
In principle it would be wrong to after 3 3 lIb7 �xg 3 .
hurry the ... d5-d4 push as it deprives 3 2 . . .�xf4 3 3 gxf4 'iVg4+!
the bishop on c4 of its defender. And The hurried 3 3 ... 'iVxf4? allows White
there i s also a tactical reason why: counterplay after 34 'ii'd4 lIf6 (34 ... 'ii'f6
29 ... d4 30 l:lxg 7+! 'iit x g7 3 1 �h 6+ i s best) 3 5 �h 3, etc.
(stronger than 31 'iVxd4+ 'iVe 5 when g 5
as well a s c4 is hanging) 3 1 ... 'iit g 8 3 2
'iWxd4 'iWf7 3 3 �Cl! intending 3 4 �b2.
Then, notwith standing being an ex­
ch ange up, Black can never hope to win
because of his dark-square holes.
30 h4
Bl ack's persi stence begins to pay off.
Karpov secures his bishop but in doing
so weaken s his king side pawn s. It was
simpler to retreat with 30 �e3 ! and ask
Black 'how can you m ake progress?' 34 �g2 'iVxh4
30 ... �e5 ! Winning a pawn and attacking the
N akamura straightaway homes i n white rook. ..
o n the g 3-pawn. A s the bishop al so 3 5 :C7 'iVxf4
control s b8 and prevents the white ... and so winning a pawn while

14
 I n t ro d u c t i o n

again attackin g the white rook. No �d4 0-1

chance is given to White to counterat­ White's isolated pawn is no m atch
tack. The rest is fairly straightforward. for Black's connected passed pawn s.
36 'ii'xf4 :xf4 37 e3 .l:tf7 38 .l:tc8+ �g7
39 :c5 l:te7 40 :c6 i.e2 41 i.h3 %1a7 42 Karpov didn't play as well in 2008 as
:d6 i.C4 43 �g2 h5 44 �g3 .:tal 45 h e did twenty years earlier, but I 'm
�f4 l:thl 46 i.e6 :fl 47 �g5 .:tgl+ 48 pretty sure if he couldn't defend
�f4 .:tg2 49 i.xd5 l:txf2+ 50 �xe4 White's position then it won 't be easy
i.xd 5+ 51 :xd5 h4 52 :d7+ :f7 5 3 for your opponents either.

15
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