Sharks First American Edition Fowler Available Instanly
Sharks First American Edition Fowler Available Instanly
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Sharks First American Edition Fowler Digital Instant
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Author(s): Fowler, Sarah L
ISBN(s): 9781536401332, 1536401331
Edition: First American edition
File Details: PDF, 15.70 MB
Year: 2017
Language: english
Sharks
A WORLD OF IDEAS:
SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW
www.dk.com
2
24 Carpetsharks 46 Sensing electricity
26 Ground sharks 48 Where do sharks live?
28 Skeleton 50 Migration
30 Inside a shark 52 Interview with...
32 Shark eggs 54 Sharks in danger
34 Baby sharks 56 Shark facts and figures
36 Social sharks 58 Top sharks
38 Dinnertime 60 Glossary
40 Hunting 62 Index
42 Filter feeders 64 Acknowledgments
44 Senses
ad
rhe
e
m
m
ha
Prickly dogfish
at
Gre
Frilled shark
Wh
ale shark
H or
n shark
W O W!
! Eggs
All sharks produce eggs, but
only 40 percent actually
lay them! Most sharks
There are more keep their eggs inside
than 500 different their body and give
types of shark. birth to live young.
Tail This egg has curly
A shark’s tail shape tendrils that wind
tells us how well it around seaweed
can swim. Crescent- or sea fans so
shaped tails belong it doesn’t
to the fastest sharks. wash away.
er shark
Floppy, rounded tails resh
th
make for slower, Smallspotted
ic
ag
What is
a shark? e r sh
ark
Tig
4
cktip reef sha Dorsal fin
Bla rk
Most sharks have two dorsal
fins on their back. These fins
help to stabilize a shark when
it swims. Their shape and color
can be used to identify the type
of shark—it’s easy to spot a
blacktip reef shark!
Head
erhead
mm Many of a shark’s sense
ha
ed organs are on its head. As
p
well as the eyes, ears, and
llo
S ca
nose, it has special organs
that detect electricity.
Hammerheads have more
of these organs than any
other shark.
n angelshark
lia
ra Pectoral fins
st
Au
Tiny sharks
Some adult sharks are so
small they could fit into
your hand! The biggest
pygmy shark ever seen
was 11 in (27 cm) long.
Their young are really
tiny, only 2–4 in (6–10 cm)
long. Each mom has
eight baby sharks.
! W O W!
6
Whale shark
The whale shark can grow to at least
41 ft (12.6 m) long, and perhaps to
59 ft (18 m). This makes it the
largest fish in the world. It lives in
warm waters, feeding on plankton
and small fish.
7
Prehistoric sharks
The oldest whole-shark fossil is about 409 million
years old—that’s almost 200 million years older than
the first dinosaurs! A shark’s soft skeleton doesn’t
fossilize easily, but their teeth, fin spines, and scales
are almost indestructible. These provide many clues
about the peculiar, prehistoric sharks below.
Cladoselache
(clay-doe-SAY-lak-ee)
There are many complete fossils of this
medium-sized shark. Some of them even
include the shark’s last meal! Cladoselache
lived in the oceans about
370 million years ago.
Helicoprion
(he-LICK-oh-pry-on)
Modern sharks’ teeth drop out all the time, but
Helicoprion grew bigger teeth on top of its old
ones. Spiraling teeth on the lower jaw probably
cut against flat teeth on the upper jaw.
8
Megalodon
(MEGA-low-don)
The only parts of this gigantic predator that have been
found are its huge fossil teeth, so we don’t know what
it looked like. It probably grew to 66 ft (20 m) long,
almost twice as long as a Tyrannosaurus rex,
and ate small whales.
These teeth
cut huge
chunks from
large prey.
Stethacanthus
(steh-tha-CAN-thuss)
Male Stethacanthus had some
unusual features. They had We don’t know
what the flat-
large, spiny denticles on their topped dorsal
nose and on their odd dorsal fin was for!
fin, as well as long “whips” on
their pectoral fins.
Hybodus
(high-BO-duss)
Hybodus had sharp teeth for
Hybodus had
knife-shaped
catching slippery prey, as well as
dorsal-fin spines. flat teeth for crunching up shellfish.
Its dorsal-fin spines provided
defense against larger predators.
9
Shark ELECTRIC R AYS
relatives
Sharks aren’t the only fish with
skeletons made of cartilage. They
have many close relatives: the
Y
rays, including skates and sawfish, MARBLED ELECTRIC RA
YS
STINGR A
CHIMAER AS
Y
EAGLE RA
SPOTTED
il that may SPOTTED RATF
ys h a v e a whiplike ta s, used ISH
Stingra ing spine
r two sting th to live pups There are abou
have one o bir t 50 types of ch
. They give gle rays are
also known as gh imaera,
for defense in g eggs. Ea in deep water, bu
ostsharks. They
live
y
rather th a n la in tropical t you may see th
o f st in g ra y that live large-headed fis ese
a type . h in aquariums.
eat shellfish kinds are protec Some
waters and ted by a venom
ous
spine in front of
their dorsal fin.
10
GUITARFISH
! WO W!
SAWFISH
SKATES
LARGETOOTH SAWFISH
11
Answer the questions to
find out which
group an individual shark Bramble
belongs to.
sharks
detective
Prickly shark
Sharks don’t all look the same. Scientists
use sharks’ physical features to divide
them into different groups. In total
YES
there are nine groups, or orders, of
shark. Answer these questions to
Does it have two
sort any type of shark into its small dorsal fins and
NO thorny skin? NO
correct order.
YES
sal fin
do r
n
o
Spine
Broadnose
sevengill shark
12
Angelsharks Sawsharks
Go to page 20 to find Go to page 18 to discover
out about these these living fossils.
raylike sharks.
Dogfish
Longnose sawshark Go to page 16 to discover
Japanese angelshark some of the world's biggest,
YES and smallest, sharks.
YES
Is it flat-bodied Does it
with a mouth NO have a long NO
at the end of Common
saw-shaped
its head? spiny dogfish
nose?
Ground
e yelid
Is its mouth in front of sharks rd
i
Th
its eyes, which have YES Go to page 26 to
three eyelids each? investigate the order
NO with the most sharks.
NO
YES Mackerel
Carpetsharks sharks
Go to page 24 to catch sight Go to page 22 to find out about
of the most colorful sharks. these magnificent sea creatures.
Whale shark
Pelagic
thresher shark
13
Frilled shark
This mysterious, brown, eellike shark
lives in the deep sea and is rarely seen.
However, the frilled shark is instantly
recognizable because of its snakelike
head and large mouth filled with
This shark has needle-sharp teeth.
a long, flexible
body that
finishes in
a long tail.
Dorsal fin
The single,
tiny dorsal fin
is located far
back, next to
the shark’s tail.
FACT FILE
» Depth: 66–4,920 ft
(20–1,500 m)
» Length: 7 ft (2 m)
» Fun fact: Pregnant females » Scale
produce extra eggs to feed the
long, snaky pups wriggling
inside their tummy.
Sense organs
running along its
frilled sharks
These two families of fish make up the oldest, most
primitive order of sharks. There are only two frilled shark
species and four cow shark species. They all have six or
seven gill slits instead of the usual five, and only one dorsal
fin. These sharks like cold water and most live in the deep
ocean, but sometimes they journey into cool coastal seas.
14
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