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In Quest of Indian Folktales Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube
and William Crooke 1st Edition Sadhana Naithani Digital
Instant Download
Author(s): Sadhana Naithani
ISBN(s): 9780253112026, 0253112028
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 3.80 MB
Year: 2006
Language: english
 India / Folklore

SADHANA NAITHANI is Assis–

tant Professor at the Centre of German
Studies, School of Language, Literature
Reveals the previously unknown scholarship
of a colonial Indian folklorist NAITHANI
In Quest In Quest of Indian Folktales
publishes for the first time a collection
of northern Indian folktales from the

of Indian
and Cultural Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru late nineteenth century. Archived as part
University, New Delhi. She is author of of the collection of William Crooke, a
several research articles on colonialism well-known folklorist and British colo-
and folklore, and editor of Folktales from nial official, the tales were actually col-
Northern India. lected, selected, and translated by a certain
Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube. In 1996,
“When Ram Gharib Chaube met William Crooke, the civil In Quest

Folktales
Sadhana Naithani discovered this un-
servant had scholarly aspirations, and the young Ram Gharib published collection in the archive of the
Chaube had yet-unused scholarly skills. They held the same
of Indian Folklore Society, London. Since then, she
academic degree—Bachelor of Arts. Behind this small coin- Folktales has uncovered the identity of the myste-
cidence lay forces of global history and trade. Their respec- rious Chaube and the details of his col-
laboration with the famous folklorist. In
tive alma maters, Presidency College in Calcutta and Trinity
an extensive four-chapter introduction,
College in Dublin, were separated by thousands of miles, but
Naithani describes Chaube’s relationship
were part of the same colonial education system. Against the to Crooke and the essential role he played
backdrop of this coincidence began an association which was in Crooke’s work, as both a native infor-
to give a new perspective to colonial anthropology and de- mant and a trained scholar. By unearth-
termine the patterns of their professional and personal lives. ing the fragmented story of Chaube’s life,
. . .” —From Chapter One Pandit Ram Naithani gives voice to a new identity
of an Indian folklore scholar in colonial
India.

Gharib Chaube The publication of these tales and the

discovery of Chaube’s role in their collec-

INDIANA and
tion reveal the complexity of the colonial
intellectual world and problematize our
University Press own views of folklore in a postcolonial
Bloomington & Indianapolis world.

http://iupress.indiana.edu
1-800-842-6796 INDIANA
William Crooke
SADHANA NAITHANI
In Quest of Indian Folktales
In Quest of Indian Folktales
Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube and William Crooke

Sadhana Naithani

INDIANA UNIVERSIT Y PRESS

BL O O M I N G T O N A N D I N D I A N A P OL I S
Sadhana Naithani and Indiana University Press wish to acknowledge the generosity and cooperation of the Folklore
Society, London, and the family of Dr. William Crooke. The folktales herein are reprinted by permission of the
Folklore Society, London.

This book is a publication of

Indiana University Press

601 North Morton Street
Bloomington, IN 47404-3797 USA

http://iupress.indiana.edu

Telephone orders 800-842-6796

Fax orders 812-855-7931
Orders by e-mail [email protected]

© 2006 by Sadhana Naithani

All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ-
ing photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses’ Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only
exception to this prohibition.

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Informa-
tion Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.

Manufactured in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Naithani, Sadhana.
In quest of Indian folktales : Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube and William Crooke / Sadhana Naithani.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-253-34544-8 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Tales—India. 2. Folklore—India. 3. Folklorists—India. 4. Gharib Chaube, Ram, Pandit. 5. Crooke, William,
1848–1923. I. Title.
GR305.N264 2005
398.2′0954—dc22
2005020183

1 2 3 4 5 11 10 09 08 07 06
Contents

Preface • vii
Acknowledgments • ix

Part I. The Quest

1. Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube and William Crooke • 5
2. The Golden Manuscripts • 19
3. Crooke, Chaube, and Colonial Folkloristics, 1868–1914 • 38
4. Post-colonial Conclusions • 56

Part II. Tales from the Manuscripts of Chaube and Crooke

Colors of Life: Tales 1 to 87 • 63
So Wise Some Women Are: Tales 88 to 103 • 188
Magical Mind: Tales 104 to 125 • 222
Corrective Measures: Tales 126 to 158 • 282

Appendix: Aarne-Thompson Tale Type Index Numbers • 311

Glossary of Indian Terms within Tales • 313
Bibliography • 315
General Index for Part I: Chapters 1–4 • 319
Index: Contributors of Tales • 321
Index: Places That Contributed Tales • 323
Index: Numbers and Titles of Tales • 325
Preface

In 1996, I located the handwritten manuscripts of William Crooke’s famed collec-

tion of the folktales of northern India in the archive of the Folklore Society, Lon-
don. They were not catalogued, but were listed in the archive as “Indian Legends
(William Crooke?).” As the two archival boxes were opened, many signs con-
¤rmed that their contents were William Crooke’s materials. The tales were still
bound in a red-®ap ¤le from the colonial administrative of¤ces in India, marked
“Department II Revenue Court Work.” Presumably, Crooke brought these papers
home with him upon his retirement from the Indian Civil Service in 1896, and
they had probably not been looked into until 1996, one hundred years later. They
had survived a century.
Surprises were in store for me. When I read through the ¤rst few sheets of
tales, already translated into English, I came to a signature at the end: Pandit Ram
Gharib Chaube. The tales and signature were in the same handwriting. But who
was Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube? My ¤rst search for Chaube in the list of people
acknowledged in Crooke’s published works came to naught. Chaube was not there.
The texts indicated that he was a learned person (which is what the title “pandit”
means), and further research pointed to his having been Crooke’s associate. I de-
cided to follow the signs and unravel his identity. The one-hundred-year-old,
brittle, golden manuscripts seemed to me like signposts to the (largely unknown)
role played by Indian associates of colonial British folklorists in the collection of
folklore. I requested permission from the Folklore Society to study and publish
these materials.
I followed these signposts from manuscript texts in the archive in London to
Chaube’s village of Gopalpur in India, and from scholars of Hindi literature in
Gorakhpur and Lucknow to the William Crooke Papers in the Royal Anthropo-
logical Institute, London, and to Crooke’s grandsons Hugh Crooke (1924–) and
Patrick Crooke (1927–). Along the way, I gained unpredictable insights from
Chaube’s ¤fty-page letter to Crooke, from Girish Chand Dubey of Gopalpur, who
wrote to me after my visit to the village, and from William Crooke’s grandsons.
Between 1996 and 2001, I traveled to England four times.
It has long been known that the British colonial administrator and scholar
William Crooke (1848–1923), one of the “twin giants” of colonial folklore schol-
Preface

arship and “the central ¤gure in Anglo-Indian folklore relations” (Dorson 1968,
341, 346), organized a mammoth collection of the oral narratives in the present
north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh in the late nineteenth century. He published
some of these in the Indian Antiquary and in North Indian Notes and Queries. It
has, however, remained unclear why they were not published as a separate volume,
or how they were gathered and how they compare with other colonial collections
of Indian folklore. The manuscripts answer these questions and reveal Pandit Ram
Gharib Chaube—a folklore scholar, collector, and translator of colonial India who
has remained anonymous and unacknowledged for one hundred years. He has been
mentioned, if at all, only as an assistant in Crooke’s ethnographic writings (Amin
1989, Raheja 1996). Chaube’s rendering of hundreds of Indian folktales in English
de¤es existing notions of a colonial assistant and proposes a new identity and voice:
that of an Indian folklore scholar in colonial India. The fragmented story of his life
epitomizes the complexities of colonial scholarly relationships.
The manuscripts led me from colonial folklore scholarship to the relationship
between Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube and William Crooke. The manuscripts and
the William Crooke Papers re®ected an intellectual intensity that could not have
left other parts of Chaube’s and Crooke’s lives untouched. Their lives are spread
across the continents: Crooke spent twenty-¤ve years in India, and Pandit Chaube
has spent a century in archives in London. From manuscripts to the story of real
lives written in letters, in diaries, and in the memories of descendants, that un-
known, unprecedented, and as yet unparalleled narrative of the association of a
British and an Indian scholar has emerged.
Sadhana Naithani
Jawaharlal Nehru University
New Delhi
October 2003

viii
Acknowledgments

One of the readers to whom Indiana University Press sent the manuscript of this
book called it a piece of “scholarly detective work,” accurately characterizing the
research process, which involved suspense and revelation. While thanking the
reader for the comment, I must say that the choice to carry out such work was not
always mine; matters demanded it. The help of academic institutions, colleagues,
and friends made it possible to connect the missing links, and I wish to thank them
all. In 1996 the Folklore Society gave me permission to work on the folktale
manuscripts, and in the course of my research extended help to me at every stage
of the work. I am thankful to Dr. Juliette Woods, Jean Tsushima, Eddie Cass, and
Jennifer Westwood for the Society’s decision to support me in photocopying the
materials, in searching for William Crooke’s descendants and for photographs of
him, and in meeting with the Crooke family. I thank Caroline Oates for support
in the library and her active interest in my research.
Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube became palpable for me in Gopalpur, which I
visited in the winter of 1998. Gopalpur, Gola, in the district of Gorakhpur, was in
Chaube’s time the estate of the raja of Gopalpur. Many residents of the village
talked with me, helped locate Chaube’s house (now belonging to another family),
and con¤rmed the scanty details I knew of his family. I thank them not only for
their time and response, but also for their energizing curiosity about my research.
Though I could not learn much on this trip, the little village had more surprises.
Upon my return to Delhi I found two letters waiting, both from Gopalpur, both
from Girish Chand Dubey, who wrote that he had conducted research himself on
Chaube after my visit. Dubey drew Chaube’s family tree and gave me a systematic
explanation of some of the most important biographical links. It is with immense
gratitude that I thank Girish Chand Dubey for his completely voluntary and in-
valuable contribution.
Dr. William Crooke is a well-known scholar, but his unpublished collection
of Indian folktales was a new matter. The period of a century was long enough to
disconnect the man from his scholarship. Helping me to understand interconnec-
tions, William Crooke’s grandsons Hugh and Patrick Crooke shared personal
memories with me on several occasions. I spoke with Hugh Crooke by telephone
for the ¤rst time in August 1999, and the conversation lasted more than an hour.
Acknowledgments

He spoke and wrote to me subsequently and also arranged for new slides and pho-
tographs to be made from the old ones he provided. We would have met in Can-
terbury in 2001, but his wife was suddenly taken ill, and he could not come. In-
stead, Patrick Crooke met me in Canterbury in the house of his sister-in-law,
Mary Crooke (the widow of a third brother), and showed me the contents of a
trunk left from their grandfather’s time, which included the CIE medal awarded
to William Crooke. He shared with me family memories and also talked about
William Crooke’s brother, Sir Warren Crooke-Lawless, who probably played a
small role in the Chaube-Crooke story in 1901 and 1902. Patrick Crooke also
spoke about his own experience in India, which he had visited as a UN of¤cial.
Our meeting lasted the whole afternoon, ending with tea, that bittersweet bond of
Indo-British history. I thank Mary Crooke for hosting the meeting in her house
and Hugh and Patrick for their frankness in matters connected to their grand-
father, which in®uenced my understanding of William Crooke as a person. They
also introduced the personality of their grandmother, Alice, who has otherwise
been missing from research on William Crooke.
The Charles Wallace (India) Trust and the British Council facilitated my
research in London with two grants, in 1996 and 2001. I thank the Trust and
Dr. Frank Taylor for their timely support. The Royal Anthropological Institute in
London granted me special permission to access the William Crooke Papers in
1999 and 2001, and I thank the Institute and its archivist, Beverly Emery, for this.
I thank the staff of the India Of¤ce and Records Library for their ef¤ciency and
friendliness, which were often a balmy contrast to many painful discoveries in the
¤les and papers delivered to my desk. I also thank Rudra Vijai Singh and Anand
Mahendra for their help and care with computer matters.
Many of my insights and articulations emerged in conversation. Professors
Anil Bhatti, K. N. Pannikar, Margaret Mills, and Mary Ellen Brown have dis-
cussed my research and writing with me at various stages. I have learnt much from
them and shall always be thankful for their comments and suggestions. I thank
Sudheer for drawing my attention to many issues of modern Indian history. I have
been encouraged by Professors Margaret Mackay, Gerald Porter, Kirin Narayan,
and Barbro Klein, and by the late Bo Nilsson. In 1999, the American Folklore
Society invited me to its annual meeting in Memphis, Tennessee. I had just com-
pleted the ¤rst draft of this book, and the AFS gave me the opportunity to present
my research to the folklorists’ community before offering it for publication. For this
I thank the AFS and especially Professor Regina Bendix. I thank Dr. Leela Prasad
for inviting me to present my research at the 1999 South Asian Studies Conference
at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
In India, while I was doing research in the Uttar Pradesh Regional Archives
in Lucknow, my mother Kamla and cousin Manish took great care of me, and in
Gorakhpur, Bobby and Rekha. My father, Jagdish Prasad Naithani, accompanied
me to Gorakhpur and from there on to Gopalpur, and proved to be a wonderful
research associate. Indeed, this trip would not have been possible without him.

x
 Acknowledgments

I thank Kamini Prakash and Philip and Judith Woods for their hospitality in
London.
Michael Lundell at Indiana University Press has been very responsive from
the beginning and patient with my impatience during the production of this book.
Richard Higgins helped me actively in the course of editing. Shoshanna Green has
made the text neat and Jane Lyle has organized it all. It has been a pleasure work-
ing with them and I thank the production team at Indiana University Press heartily.
The manuscripts that I ¤rst saw in 1996 took almost complete hold of my
mind for many years, and I have tried to understand, research, and present them in
a manner that makes them accessible to both scholars and general readers. I am
responsible for any incompatibility with the original manuscripts and errors of
judgment.

xi
Part I
The Quest
 Image Rights Not Available

William Crooke (1848–1923) in his doctoral robe. Courtesy the Crooke family, espe-
cially Hugh Crooke, Pat Crooke (grandsons), and Roland Crooke (great grandson and son
of the late John Crooke, who kept the library of the late Dr. William Crooke for years with
pride).
Other documents randomly have
different content
 Nursing - Course Outline
Winter 2024 - Center

Prepared by: Associate Prof. Smith

Date: August 12, 2025

Exercise 1: Study tips and learning strategies

Learning Objective 1: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 2: Experimental procedures and results
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 3: Literature review and discussion
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Learning Objective 4: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 4: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 5: Case studies and real-world applications
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Historical development and evolution
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 6: Practical applications and examples
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 7: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Study tips and learning strategies
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Abstract 2: Study tips and learning strategies
Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 11: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 12: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 13: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 14: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 15: Case studies and real-world applications
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Historical development and evolution
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Historical development and evolution
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Section 3: Key terms and definitions
Example 20: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Practical applications and examples
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 23: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Best practices and recommendations
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 25: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Practical applications and examples
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Experimental procedures and results
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 28: Ethical considerations and implications
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 29: Literature review and discussion
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Results 4: Historical development and evolution
Practice Problem 30: Historical development and evolution
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Key terms and definitions
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Study tips and learning strategies
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Study tips and learning strategies
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Best practices and recommendations
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Historical development and evolution
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 39: Best practices and recommendations
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Lesson 5: Fundamental concepts and principles
Key Concept: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 41: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 42: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 43: Research findings and conclusions
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Research findings and conclusions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 45: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 46: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 46: Practical applications and examples
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Current trends and future directions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Literature review and discussion
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Module 6: Theoretical framework and methodology
Practice Problem 50: Historical development and evolution
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 51: Ethical considerations and implications
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
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