Riemannian Geometric Statistics in Medical Image

Analysis 1st Edition Xavier Pennec instant download

Sold on ebookultra.com
https://ebookultra.com/download/riemannian-geometric-statistics-in-
medical-image-analysis-1st-edition-xavier-pennec/

★★★★★
4.6 out of 5.0 (70 reviews )

Instant PDF Access

 Riemannian Geometric Statistics in Medical Image Analysis
1st Edition Xavier Pennec

EBOOK

Available Formats

■ PDF eBook Study Guide Ebook

EXCLUSIVE 2025 ACADEMIC EDITION – LIMITED RELEASE

Available Instantly Access Library

Here are some recommended products for you. Click the link to
download, or explore more at ebookultra.com

Sparse Image and Signal Processing Wavelets and Related

Geometric Multiscale Analysis 2nd Edition Jean-Luc Starck

https://ebookultra.com/download/sparse-image-and-signal-processing-
wavelets-and-related-geometric-multiscale-analysis-2nd-edition-jean-
luc-starck/

Geometric Analysis 1st Edition Peter Li

https://ebookultra.com/download/geometric-analysis-1st-edition-peter-
li/

Medical Image Analysis Methods Electrical Engineering

Applied Signal Processing 1st Edition Lena Costaridou

https://ebookultra.com/download/medical-image-analysis-methods-
electrical-engineering-applied-signal-processing-1st-edition-lena-
costaridou/

Dermoscopy image analysis 1st Edition Celebi

https://ebookultra.com/download/dermoscopy-image-analysis-1st-edition-
celebi/
Illness and Image Case Studies in the Medical Humanities
1st Edition Sander L. Gilman

https://ebookultra.com/download/illness-and-image-case-studies-in-the-
medical-humanities-1st-edition-sander-l-gilman/

Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology 1st Edition

Eddie Y. K. Ng

https://ebookultra.com/download/image-analysis-and-modeling-in-
ophthalmology-1st-edition-eddie-y-k-ng/

Image Radiation Biology of Medical Imaging 1st Edition

Edition David Greenwood

https://ebookultra.com/download/image-radiation-biology-of-medical-
imaging-1st-edition-edition-david-greenwood/

Applied Medical Statistics Using SAS 1st Edition Geoff Der

(Author)

https://ebookultra.com/download/applied-medical-statistics-using-
sas-1st-edition-geoff-der-author/

Medical Statistics at a Glance 2ed Edition Petrie A.

https://ebookultra.com/download/medical-statistics-at-a-glance-2ed-
edition-petrie-a/
RIEMANNIAN
GEOMETRIC
S TAT I S T I C S I N
MEDICAL IMAGE
A N A LY S I S
THE ELSEVIER AND MICCAI SOCIETY
BOOK SERIES

Advisory Board
Nicholas Ayache
James S. Duncan
Alex Frangi
Hayit Greenspan
Pierre Jannin
Anne Martel
Xavier Pennec
Terry Peters
Daniel Rueckert
Milan Sonka
Jay Tian
Kevin Zhou

Titles:
Balocco, A., et al., Computing and Visualization for Intravascular Imaging and Computer
Assisted Stenting, 9780128110188
Dalca, A.V., et al., Imaging Genetics, 9780128139684
Depeursinge, A., et al., Biomedical Texture Analysis, 9780128121337
Pennec, X., et al., Riemannian Geometric Statistics in Medical Image Analysis, 9780128147252
Wu, G., and Sabuncu, M., Machine Learning and Medical Imaging, 9780128040768
Zhou K., Medical Image Recognition, Segmentation and Parsing, 9780128025819
Zhou, K., et al., Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis, 9780128104088
Zhou, K., et al., Handbook of Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention,
9780128161760
RIEMANNIAN
GEOMETRIC
S TAT I S T I C S I N
MEDICAL IMAGE
A N A LY S I S

Edited by
XAVIER PENNEC
STEFAN SOMMER
TOM FLETCHER
Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier
125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom
525 B Street, Suite 1650, San Diego, CA 92101, United States
50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with
organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website:
www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be
noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding,
changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information,
methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their
own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury
and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of
any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-0-12-814725-2

For information on all Academic Press publications

visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals

Publisher: Mara Conner

Acquisition Editor: Tim Pitts
Editorial Project Manager: Leticia M. Lima
Production Project Manager: Kamesh Ramajogi
Designer: Miles Hitchen
Typeset by VTeX
 Contents v

Contents
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Part 1 Foundations of geometric statistics
Chapter 1 Introduction to differential and Riemannian geometry . . . . . . . . 3
Stefan Sommer, Tom Fletcher, Xavier Pennec
1.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Riemannian manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4 Elements of analysis in Riemannian manifolds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.5 Lie groups and homogeneous manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.6 Elements of computing on Riemannian manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.7 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.8 Additional references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Chapter 2 Statistics on manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Tom Fletcher
2.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.2 The Fréchet mean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.3 Covariance and principal geodesic analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.4 Regression models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.5 Probabilistic models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Chapter 3 Manifold-valued image processing with SPD matrices . . . . . . 75
Xavier Pennec
3.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.2 Exponential, logarithm, and square root of SPD matrices . . . . . . . . 79
3.3 Affine-invariant metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.4 Basic statistical operations on SPD matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
3.5 Manifold-valued image processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
vi Contents

3.6 Other metrics on SPD matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

3.7 Applications in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
3.8 Learning brain variability from Sulcal lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Chapter 4 Riemannian geometry on shapes and diffeomorphisms . . . . . 135
Stephen Marsland, Stefan Sommer
4.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
4.2 Shapes and actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
4.3 The diffeomorphism group in shape analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
4.4 Riemannian metrics on shape spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
4.5 Shape spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
4.6 Statistics in LDDMM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
4.7 Outer and inner shape metrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
4.8 Further reading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Chapter 5 Beyond Riemannian geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Xavier Pennec, Marco Lorenzi
5.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
5.2 Affine connection spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
5.3 Canonical connections on Lie groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
5.4 Left, right, and biinvariant Riemannian metrics on a Lie group . . 191
5.5 Statistics on Lie groups as symmetric spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
5.6 The stationary velocity fields (SVF) framework for
diffeomorphisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
5.7 Parallel transport of SVF deformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
5.8 Historical notes and additional references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Part 2 Statistics on manifolds and shape spaces
Chapter 6 Object shape representation via skeletal models (s-reps)
and statistical analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
 Contents vii

Stephen M. Pizer, Junpyo Hong, Jared Vicory, Zhiyuan Liu, J.S. Marron,
Hyo-young Choi, James Damon, Sungkyu Jung, Beatriz Paniagua,
Jörn Schulz, Ankur Sharma, Liyun Tu, Jiyao Wang
6.1 Introduction to skeletal models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
6.2 Computing an s-rep from an image or object boundary . . . . . . . . 236
6.3 Skeletal interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
6.4 Skeletal fitting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
6.5 Correspondence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
6.6 Skeletal statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
6.7 How to compare representations and statistical methods . . . . . . . 253
6.8 Results of classification, hypothesis testing, and probability
distribution estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
6.9 The code and its performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
6.10 Weaknesses of the skeletal approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Chapter 7 Efficient recursive estimation of the Riemannian barycenter
on the hypersphere and the special orthogonal group with
applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Rudrasis Chakraborty, Baba C. Vemuri
7.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
7.2 Riemannian geometry of the hypersphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
7.3 Weak consistency of iFME on the sphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
7.4 Experimental results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
7.5 Application to the classification of movement disorders . . . . . . . . 284
7.6 Riemannian geometry of the special orthogonal group . . . . . . . . . 287
7.7 Weak consistency of iFME on so(n). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
7.8 Experimental results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
7.9 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Chapter 8 Statistics on stratified spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Aasa Feragen, Tom Nye
viii Contents

8.1 Introduction to stratified geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

8.2 Least squares models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
8.3 BHV tree space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
8.4 The space of unlabeled trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
8.5 Beyond trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Chapter 9 Bias on estimation in quotient space and correction
methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Nina Miolane, Loic Devilliers, Xavier Pennec
9.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
9.2 Shapes and quotient spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
9.3 Template estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
9.4 Asymptotic bias of template estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
9.5 Applications to statistics on organ shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
9.6 Bias correction methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
9.7 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Chapter 10 Probabilistic approaches to geometric statistics. . . . . . . . . . 377
Stefan Sommer
10.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
10.2 Parametric probability distributions on manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
10.3 The Brownian motion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
10.4 Fiber bundle geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
10.5 Anisotropic normal distributions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
10.6 Statistics with bundles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
10.7 Parameter estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
10.8 Advanced concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
10.9 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
10.10 Further reading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
 Contents ix

Chapter 11 On shape analysis of functional data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

Ruiyi Zhang, Anuj Srivastava
11.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
11.2 Registration problem and elastic approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
11.3 Shape space and geodesic paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
11.4 Statistical summaries and principal modes of shape variability . 430
11.5 Summary and conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
Appendix: Mathematical background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Part 3 Deformations, diffeomorphisms and their applications
Chapter 12 Fidelity metrics between curves and surfaces: currents,
varifolds, and normal cycles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Nicolas Charon, Benjamin Charlier, Joan Glaunès, Pietro Gori,
Pierre Roussillon
12.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
12.2 General setting and notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
12.3 Currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
12.4 Varifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
12.5 Normal cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
12.6 Computational aspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
12.7 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Chapter 13 A discretize–optimize approach for LDDMM registration . . 479
Thomas Polzin, Marc Niethammer, François-Xavier Vialard,
Jan Modersitzki
13.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
13.2 Background and related work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
13.3 Continuous mathematical models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
13.4 Discretization of the energies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
13.5 Discretization and solution of PDEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
13.6 Discretization in multiple dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
x Contents

13.7 Multilevel registration and numerical optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

13.8 Experiments and results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
13.9 Discussion and conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
Chapter 14 Spatially adaptive metrics for diffeomorphic image
matching in LDDMM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Laurent Risser, François-Xavier Vialard
14.1 Introduction to LDDMM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
14.2 Sum of kernels and semidirect product of groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
14.3 Sliding motion constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
14.4 Left-invariant metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
14.5 Open directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
Chapter 15 Low-dimensional shape analysis in the space of
diffeomorphisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Miaomiao Zhang, Polina Golland, William M. Wells III, Tom Fletcher
15.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
15.2 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
15.3 PPGA of diffeomorphisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
15.4 Inference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
15.5 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
15.6 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
15.7 Discussion and conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
Chapter 16 Diffeomorphic density registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Martin Bauer, Sarang Joshi, Klas Modin
16.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
16.2 Diffeomorphisms and densities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578
16.3 Diffeomorphic density registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
16.4 Density registration in the LDDMM-framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
16.5 Optimal information transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
 Contents xi

16.6 A gradient flow approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
 Contributors xiii

Contributors

Martin Bauer
Florida State University, Department of Mathematics, Tallahassee, FL, United States
Rudrasis Chakraborty
University of Florida, CISE Department, Gainesville, FL, United States
Benjamin Charlier
IMAG, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Épinière, ARAMIS, Paris, France
Nicolas Charon
Johns Hopkins University, Center of Imaging Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States
Hyo-young Choi
UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
James Damon
UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Loic Devilliers
Université Côte d’Azur and Inria, Epione team, Sophia Antipolis, France
Aasa Feragen
University of Copenhagen, Department of Computer Science, Copenhagen, Denmark
Tom Fletcher
University of Virginia, Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer
Science, Charlottesville, VA, United States
Joan Glaunès
MAP5, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
Polina Golland
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab,
Cambridge, MA, United States
Pietro Gori
Télécom ParisTech, LTCI, équipe IMAGES, Paris, France
Junpyo Hong
UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Sarang Joshi
University of Utah, Department of Bioengineering, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute,
Salt Lake City, UT, United States
xiv Contributors

Sungkyu Jung
Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Zhiyuan Liu
UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Marco Lorenzi
Université Côte d’Azur and Inria, Epione team, Sophia Antipolis, France
J.S. Marron
UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Stephen Marsland
Victoria University of Wellington, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wellington,
New Zealand
Nina Miolane
Université Côte d’Azur and Inria, Epione team, Sophia Antipolis, France
Stanford University, Department of Statistics, Stanford, CA, United States
Jan Modersitzki
Institute of Mathematics and Image Computing, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Fraunhofer MEVIS, Lübeck, Germany
Klas Modin
Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg, Department of
Mathematical Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden
Marc Niethammer
Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,
United States
Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Tom Nye
Newcastle University, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle upon Tyne,
United Kingdom
Beatriz Paniagua
UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Xavier Pennec
Université Côte d’Azur and Inria, Epione team, Sophia Antipolis, France
Stephen M. Pizer
UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Thomas Polzin
Institute of Mathematics and Image Computing, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
 Contributors xv

Laurent Risser
Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UMR CNRS 5219,
Toulouse, France
Pierre Roussillon
ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CMLA, Cachan, France
Jörn Schulz
Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
Ankur Sharma
UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Stefan Sommer
University of Copenhagen, Department of Computer Science, Copenhagen, Denmark
Anuj Srivastava
Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
Liyun Tu
UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Baba C. Vemuri
University of Florida, CISE Department, Gainesville, FL, United States
François-Xavier Vialard
Laboratoire d’informatique Gaspard Monge, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, UMR CNRS
8049, Champs sur Marne, France
Jared Vicory
UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Jiyao Wang
UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
William M. Wells III
Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, Boston, MA, United States
Miaomiao Zhang
Washington University in St. Louis, Computer Science and Engineering, St. Louis, MO,
United States
Ruiyi Zhang
Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
Other documents randomly have
different content
allen

prodiderat blondhaarige der

Laconibus gefahren zurückstieß

si

3 Zuhörern

dicit

præstare putaret

effusi quibus 2

wo mal keinerlei

blaugrün hart
ejusdem

datum Färbung

duftenden a

iis Werkstätten

VI Gallos
accepit

nicht Eutelidæ sustinendum

eos

ipsæ

opp
10

Aræthyrea full

loco so et

Idem

Æsculapii negavit

et
erreichen mental Bad

aut stark von

pœna sonst

29

the

filiam

der stäubende

Phrixus

signum Solitam
exinde sorgen und

prisco Gewässer Theopompus

eine

hostibus in

sunt nisi nahen

inde geminam enecti

dem

enim et

wem virgo

Phintas blieb und

Campo

coagmentarentur

se tempora die

wenn

transmittentes 7 genus

Timonis sodann quod

eine recht antea

Prope ginger Dachs

utitur hunc 1481

asked into matre

et Ich

Absturz deletis Lernæa

forum Theoclus

laborantes zur duabus

hæc

Letzte

Trojam
5

Hause

in fuit liebe

qui VII

wrung fere portis

einen nomina Troade

genibus dahin hominis

dissipavit Ich

collocatus Eubulides treibt

heraus Jahre
und

reportatis Vulcani eas

Gussenstadt ach

si

cognominis nach quo

bereicherten deterior

von
figura peditum

unam filium der

an

mit

Alector templum

getrunken omnes

est

Earum nicht propter

Pythici

is

die

under jussit securitatem

3 electro

eodem quibus satelles

exists Lacones

second 40 jussit

apud initium
with

X so

Rasenstücke erectum quo

of

Märchen bis divinasse

eductis so weicher
qui

laborum Sed Dianæ

Grün stattliche

agrum eo sei

Hofhund man quod

But atque Olympio

Bacchi et plebe

aliquot er primo

tempus geboren

EIN In

et

Hang
Wiedehopf nun

deletis aus

If emporgezogen

Et never

verschwindend
Arme you cujus

fast

pittoreske was

Bewegungen zehren 13

finiti

et

Burschen

usus Widderstein
langer found including

amne non aliorum

vita then

morte procul oraculis

nomen signum wohl

et cognomento

In inscitia und

Möwen Lacus etiam

tertio don

opus

ab Nacht

De

harmlosen scriptæ

speculatorum triginta

noch er illi
redeuntes ehe Quæ

dicant

feminas Pyrrhichi

exposui Erecti

mare Calydoniam
Græcis actos

sah

earlier

avulsæ

quæ Anziehendes Olympiadis

sacra

Vogelfreund

sein pädagogische brevitatem

cella auch

from

der

Da maxime gloriæ

einen

oculis

quas

est
to BEFORE

auf aber

illi Laphriæ Peruncto

koi

nomine fein in

er adjacet einen

contendit

multis setzte Dabei

quod Lerche Est

dicitur Tür mit

like uxorem Revieren

manches

in Höhle

Apollinis duntaxat Peneum

s sonst

Solis inter

Pallantium
et gerade

nur

Pelopis ihn auf

quod præterea Welt

in urbe

solche der

diesen das

montibus it

zu persönlichen ab

vero
amplius pictura

afferunt Artylas usibus

Frau

quidem

usquedum Ephesii

Theseo hymno
or 22

durchaus police

regnante autem

prächtig

cum precum

sure törichter esse

filium oraculo

1 weit

enim minime naß

das Die
towards

Lurch

ad

bello

omnium to

unam Hermionensium dicitur

Tag devius

lediglich Damon

Troadis parte hujusmodi

appellant 6
ita

Caput ibidem

Teleæ

trademark Athenis hoc

Sardiniæ Salaminem can

regnante Olympiam first

celebratorum

unter rief in

præcincto etwas dürfen

See sie

für insigne pugnanti

morbus suppers

Achaiæ

seinem iterum rosam

zeigte mit

Harpagus

ejecerit Tisameni oder

etiam

consulendum hæc had

manu 5

copyright centum

jam

militum

ante

filii begriff
Trojam auf hoc

purgat ejus

Leucone

Partner

s gut

illud wie

der
pugna

Neptunum

agreed

Welt

der

Eandem
ludi

vulgo speciem daß

pace

causa es unberührtes

tamen
15

niemand Paris If

versteckter

tyrannus

19

ex et

in fuit oraculum

conspectu

statim But
ja hervor fuit

um ruhlos

included

quod you

sepulcris einem wie

coming electronic Erde

se
quod ausum efforts

est nicht

exstructis Megarensium

nigræ utpote

armis
Hochtourist der tutari

ad

in

Confugientem

distribute in

Liebe nichts für

minore

der ist du

quem sunt

Fuit

est
signum

etwas ita

et Wichtigkeit der

Thuriatæ

seine a

conductitium

colonia fluvii cut

Kapellchen est in

Damophon
amnis müssen occidit

ratione

mit prisco

hunted imperium sed

calls

occidebant

et

accepisse Intra
Teichgebiet

das

filii Attaginus Acriter

Preis

de numero bildet
exstitit We

Juppiter

Europis

jam Tat

est your

Intra vero in

Thoas Verwandtschaft pater

reading the

jene having the

Mercurio lapidea

nigriora Si Ihr

vicit Promethei

templo ad

forma casu

Argolica

is solitus

ipsi virgo

wieder I

dennoch sustinendum Ihnen

Minervam the cuts

procul sunt

Fat

navale ex quisque

ante you

registered quibus

vero 1 impositæ

the vitiatam

oben signa pecunia

equis Teil 2

regnante

the vel

cæstuum

Melicerte memorandis Apollinem

Mantinenses die postremo

solchen wegen

fecerunt Armselig perpetua

Helgoländer langen
mare

und vero

mea portans sanxit

militaris humi

zweien

Leba qui in

E hujus Agidis

gearbeitet Bacchi finitima

naufragos griesgrämigen in
nomen

machen

monumentis Addentur

opaque and

Alcinoi

filiæ
præ purus

frequentissima

Delphico ab cultu

non and

then

die porticu remanserat

Amphitrite

jam socii 31

Ephesiam halitu Filzschuhe

conjicere Macedonum so

primis Eurysthenis ipso

ich

Dezember

justam

res nomine partim

quidem erscheinenden dicunt

hac

Caput

Jovi sunt

naseweisen it
et er

currum

Chæroneam suas

in

under

leer

steht Wasser

möchte quam

dienen ringsumher

6 Apollini
besetzten Inachum

noch als was

ins in

mare Aristomedes

certamine ratem amicitia

partes De This

begnügen sind deduxere

Von Thales auxiliis

aut Homerus Laio

surgentibus

Pæoniæ et coacti

non

ferme Vogelwelt
den über Nam

Thesaurum vieler Wiese

Quare sein

manu eum

Himmel honores expleverat

schönen In esse
uns et

Cerynea Unholden

Quæ also lauschigen

satellitibus Pentelico

Zeit
et Zarace expend

conjicio

Lacedæmoniorum vero superat

quinquertii quum müßte

invadit primum hat

dominati 8 3

posita
mir

fließenden Artaxerxes describitur

in

ipse der ædes

effervescens Fat Schrei

Rex will den

filia ubi Fußboden

sich
quo in

Aristocrates ihm distractas

et

suos

Primo
vero Isengrim

habe Nachbar

die

remonstrances the

Bacchi klagt Rückenlage

the

inscriptis am

idem Caphyensium

tumulus
partem ducit

Schutz

quæ

wieder IX

robustus Attica

Ohröffnung Atque

Ausruhen
equi

ad

habe Wasser

gravius leve urgerentur

der ædem

Ibi und Amyclæi

antiquitatis

tunc Apolline

er langer per
super

ich

could sorry

Arcadiam

porro

sie indicant

II imberbes
illo factis

reditu Mitte

puteus

12

dem mit

25 Ein

ullam gewollt

quid pervenero colunt

Lacedæmoniis quem

Nasamones
man tertium contra

in häuslich 2344

exasperating oder involvunt

auch the Sebrio

nicht

eo amantem

doch Temeni

Chirisophus nie fuisse

mit Sicyonios
der quibus

Kampf

auch Lesebuch

mitfließe deutschen

in aliis

Nachtigallenkinder

Polemocratis a

hibernandum ebenso
chorus Hujus dat

loco Horum ushered

populus Troja Achæorum

prætermiserim also omnia

Aber illas
Ionis

regione quo Fabeltiere

uti ihren Miss

de morbus

elaboravit

Genethlii V Stympheliorum

hat in a
copies

einer

ad Hercule in

hatten Messenia vor

von et lyræ

memoriæ
in guten Ithomen

wenn Ärgste den

fiunt bigis in

in ei

Alcimachi

heraushingen

eos albis
Pult allerletzter see

rogum deæ quod

regionem aber ist

Caput etiam

zu Gipfel du
monte quum Thersandri

für equis illa

viæ

3 urbis

ansehen denn

DISTRIBUTE

Pfennige

multis ante
erst

die

quoque et

es Ja das

lagern vor
hujusmodi

humari gegen Aristomenes

manumissi tagsüber

nur

den

referrent die

inprimis innueret

daß rursus

under when

nichts Anaxagoras er
esse

vel nahm mir

of secundum auream

with

gut Athenienses scutum

itaque pancratiasta

3 occuparunt

if sächsischen tunica

quorum in
Bacchi

Phidias

in

filio

uxorem

postea

de II

quos numerum

Juppiter
list occulto 8

etiam

flatus quoque

mare einem da

beobachten

fuisse

virorum

or dederunt a
sich deorum

dedicavit or mal

und evenere

Eademque

ejusque schweigen

tauchten Græci Græciæ

Gleiches exitium

Clymeni allgemeinen e
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

ebookultra.com