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Rectifier With Voltage Regulator

This document describes a project of a rectifier with a 3-terminal voltage regulator carried out by mechanical engineering students. The project produces three constant voltages of +5V, +12V (variable), and -12V using a transformer, rectifier bridge, voltage regulators, and capacitors. The circuit rectifies and regulates the power supply voltages for subsequent electronic projects, avoiding the use of batteries.

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32 views7 pages

Rectifier With Voltage Regulator

This document describes a project of a rectifier with a 3-terminal voltage regulator carried out by mechanical engineering students. The project produces three constant voltages of +5V, +12V (variable), and -12V using a transformer, rectifier bridge, voltage regulators, and capacitors. The circuit rectifies and regulates the power supply voltages for subsequent electronic projects, avoiding the use of batteries.

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

RECTIFIER WITH VOLTAGE REGULATOR


(Final project)
COURSE:

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF


ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

SECTION:

MEMBERS:

1.- Urban Palomino Cirilo Arnaldo 20104147B

Moses Enrique Martinez Rojas 20050066J

3.- Sanchez Peña Miguel 20121071k

2015 - II
1. INTRODUCTION

By assembling this project, a circuit is obtained that delivers three voltages


constants or regulated, +5 extbackslash1, +12V (Variable) and -12, which will serve as
power supply for future projects, thus avoiding the use of batteries
or batteries that wear out quickly.

2. CHAPTERS

2.1. CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Transformers

The transformers son devices


static electromagnetic fields that allow
starting from an alternating voltage connected to its
input, obtain another higher alternating voltage or
smaller than the previous one in the output of
transformer

This allows for an appropriate tension to be provided.


to the characteristics of the receptors. Also
are fundamental for the transmission of electrical energy over long distances
high tensions, with minimal losses and conductors of moderate sections.

Constitution and operation

They essentially consist of a closed magnetic circuit over which


two windings are rolled, so that both windings are traversed by
the same magnetic flux. The magnetic circuit is constituted (for
industrial frequencies of 50 Hz) through thin steel sheets
stacked, to avoid parasitic currents.

The winding where the input current is connected is called primary, and
The winding where the load is connected is called secondary.

The alternating current that flows through the primary winding magnetizes the core.
alternatively. The secondary winding is thus traversed by a flux
variable magnetic approximately sinusoidal in shape and this variation of
flow generates, according to Lenz's Law, an alternating voltage in that winding.
The 3-terminal voltage regulator

It is an integrated circuit that has 3 pins: input, ground, and output. Its
the function is to deliver a fixed voltage output, which is used to power
electronic circuits without the risk of suffering damage caused by
voltage changes. The most popular are the positive voltage of 5V
(7805), the 9-volt ones (7809), the 12-volt ones (7812) and in negative voltage
the same values are obtained, but their reference changes, for example from
7905

The rectifier bridge or diode bridge

A rectifier bridge is a device that contains 4 diodes internally.


connected in the way shown in the diagram. It has been manufactured from
this way due to the high usage that the bridge circuit has
rectifier, which, if the bridge encapsulated in a single unit is not available
package, they would have to be implemented with 4 two independent days; what
it would imply a longer setup time and certainly more space in the
printed circuit.
2.2. CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND IMPLEMENTATION

Materials:

1 transformer 220/12-0-(-12) 1 Amp.

2200uf/25V electrolytic capacitors, 0.1uf ceramic.

1 Rectifier bridge of 3A

7805 regulator

Regulator 7812

Regulator 7912

Circuit to be implemented in block diagram

Developed circuit
Explanation of how it works

The operation of the power supply is explained based on the


schematic diagram shown in the figure. The circuit is
formed by several very important components, the first of
they are the transformer, which takes the alternating current voltage
from 11º VAC (or 220VAC in some countries) through its coil
primary and converts it to two 12VAC voltages in the secondary; this
the last one can be observed in the schematic diagram marked as
12-0-12.

The alternating current voltages obtained must be converted to direct current.


direct or continuous, this process is called rectification. To perform this
work uses the assembly with four diodes that is shown in the
schematic diagram, this structure is known by the name of
rectifier. This circuit can be obtained by connecting four diodes
independent, but since that configuration is very commonly used, it
you can also use a device that has the 4 diodes in a single one
package, which represents some advantages when assembling the kit.
The transformer outputs marked with 12VAC are connected to the
inputs of the rectifier bridge that have the current symbol
alternates. The outputs of the rectifier bridge that are marked with the
The symbols + and - will power the +12V voltage regulators (7812)
and of -12V (79 12) respectively. The central wire of the secondary of
transformer is connected to the ground of the voltage regulators that
they are further ahead, in order to shape the land of current
general current for the circuit. Up to this point, the voltage that has been
obtained at the output of the rectifier is not regulated. Therefore
so, it can vary according to fluctuations in the line of
alternating current that powers the primary.

To improve the quality of the signal obtained, two are used.


2200µF capacitors, one of them connected between the voltage
positive that goes to the input of the +12V regulator (7812) and the ground of
direct current and the other to the input of the -12V regulator (7912) and
the same earth. The input voltage of these regulators must be at
-3V above its output specification, for example, for
a 12V regulator, the input voltage must be equal to or greater than
15V. The work of voltage regulators consists of keeping their
output at a constant level, despite variations in its voltage
input. For example, for the +12V regulator, the voltage of
The power supply can vary between + J 5 and +25 volts and still its output
must remain the same. In the circuit, the outputs of the 7812 regulators
Y 79 L 2 go directly to the connectors, in the printed circuit there is.
they are referenced as +12 and -12. The 5V positive regulator
take its power supply from the regulator leads of + l2V; its output
it also leads directly to the exit connectors and is marked
on the printed circuit like +5V.
3. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The regulator circuit can be used for many projects


electronic circuit posteriors, thus avoiding the waste of the
alkaline batteries.

The regulation of the 12v output is achieved with a potentiometer.

For the proper operation of rectifier integrated circuits,


You need to input 3v. at the entry of your specification.

4. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Millman J., Halkias Ch.C. Electronic Devices and Circuits. 5th


edition. McGraw Hill, 1983.
Boylestad R., Nashelky L. Electronics Circuit Theory, Prentice
Hall int.1992.

Lob U. Operation of the semiconductor diode ed 14. Marcombo


Boixareu Editores, 1987.

Lob U. Characteristic Curves of diodes ed 15. Marcombo


Boixareu Editores, 1987.

González F. Practical course on lights and sound. CEKIT Publications,


1992.

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