To Design Landscape Art Nature Utility 1st Edition Catherine Dee Full
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Catherine Dee
To Design Landscape
Art, Nature & Utility
To Design Landscape
To Desi gn Landscape
Art, Nature & Utility
First published 2012
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Foundations Principles
1 | To design landscape 3 5 | Sculpting time 14
12 | Economy of means 90
13 | Utilitarian form 98
15 | Raking 118
Strategies Elements
16 | Abstraction 128 23 | Green 196
Bibliography 262
Case studies
listed by designer 266
Case studies
listed by site 267
Index 268
ix
12
Foundations
13
1 To design landscape
I must tell you that landscape architecture is a simple art. You may know
that design involves working with nature. Anyone can make a good land-
scape – just by cultivating a tree, for example, and nature, without human
intervention, simply forms landscape too. Yet I will convey that landscape
architecture is also a complex multi-faceted endeavour. It is complex be-
cause designed landscape belongs to nature and to culture. It is a profound
art for the same reason. It may also be considered an innocent, authentic
and pervasive practice. Innocent: because to dwell is to design. Authentic:
because dealing with the actual. Pervasive: for both reasons.
The project of this book is to position practical aesthetics as the very means
by which utility, and ethical and environmental concerns, are addressed
and realised in designed landscape. This idea is not new but needs rein-
statement. In proposing design as contemporary craft gauged by an ‘aes-
thetics of thrift’ I aim to illustrate why utility and aesthetics should dwell
closely in each other’s company, and attempt to show how this close rela-
tion is ethical, how it might be practised and, finally, how it takes a variety
of forms. Here, utility is conceived not only as that which meets social and
ecological requirements, but also as meaning art as Kant’s ‘purposeful pur-
poselessness’. The practice requires a humility which goes against widely
held views about the character and role of ‘creative’ design, but such mod-
esty combined with ingenuity is what makes landscape architecture, the
innocent, authentic and pervasive art I referred to. It is an artistic practice
entirely sufficient in meeting need.
Landscape design
Landscape architecture is the broad discipline of planning, design and
management of the outdoor environment, which encompasses nature, nature
systems and all human land uses. It is an academic field and a set of prac-
tices. The tripartite division of planning, management and design indicates
differences in endeavour at different physical scales, in methods and in
time-scales.
3
Emphasis is given here to aesthetic practices as ‘design’, i.e. to the work of
the landscape architect as one who makes proposals for the material form
and processes of vegetation, water, structures, soils and topography, rather
than through strategic social policy, and the legislative tools of the planner
and urbanist at larger scales.
The term ‘aesthetic’ is defined in chapter 4. Related, ‘art’ refers to the prac-
tice of design when aesthetic judgement plays a central role, and also to
the designed landscape made towards and providing significant aesthetic
experience. The term ‘craft’ is used to define the specifics of such an art
practice. The words ‘ethics’ and ‘ethical’ will occur frequently, and are pre-
ferred to the term ‘social’, and loosely refer to that which is life-sustaining,
‘good’ having the same meaning. ‘Utility’ refers to function: the diverse uses
landscape must provide for, art being one of these uses.
Readings
For the sake of simplicity I have avoided making direct reference in the main
body of the text and captions to literature that has inspired and informed
the book or which extends its thesis. Instead, key references pertinent to
each topic are given at the end of each chapter. These readings are also
listed in the bibliography.
4
To d e s i g n l a n d s ca p e
R EA D ING Foundations
The first section (including this chapter) sets out the basis for the approach
Bye, Arthur E. 1983. Art into and design philosophy, and definitions for ‘craft’ with ‘form’ employing an
Landscape: Landscape into Art. ‘aesthetics of thrift’. The remaining sections, ‘principles’, ‘strategies’ and
Mesa, AZ: PDA Publishers. ‘elements’, elaborate.
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