Psychological
Bases
Chapter || Bases and Policies of Special & Inclusive
Education
"FEEL IT,
THINK IT,
COPY IT"
JEAN PIAGET
Swiss psychologist
Cognitive
Development
Theory
1.1 Jean piaget’s cognitive
development Theory
Cognitive development is how a person's
thinking, learning, and memory skills grow
and change over time. It's the process of
the brain developing the abilities to
understand, reason, and solve problems.
1.1 Piaget’s Cognitive
Development
Concepts:
>Schema
>Assimilation
>Accomodation
>Equilibrium
1.1 Piaget’s Cognitive
Development
a. Sensorimotor Stage (0–2 yrs old): Inf
learn through senses and actions; devel
object permanence.
b. Pre-operational Stage (2–7 yrs old):
Children use symbols and imagination b
thinking is not yet logical.
1.1 Piaget’s Cognitive
Development
c. Concrete Operational Stage (7–11
yrs old): Children think logically, but
only with real and concrete objects.
d. Formal Operational Stage: Children
can think abstractly, solve problems,
and apply logic
ALBERT BANDURA
Canadian-American
psychologist and
professor
Social Learning Theory
1.2 Albert Bandura’s
Social Learning Theory
Learning happens by watching, imitating,
and modeling others.
Mix of behaviorism (conditioning) and
cognition (attention, memory).
Good role models help; bad role models
can influence negatively.
1.2 Albert Bandura’s
Social Learning Theory
Four Phases of Learning
(Bandura)
1• Attention
Focusing on what the model does.
2• Retention
Remembering the behavior.
3• Reproduction
Practicing or copying the behavior.
4• Motivation
Having the desire or reason to perform it.
Concepts of Social
Learning THEORY
Learning is influenced by
thinking, feelings, environment,
and past experience.
Knowledge is absorbed,
processed, and retained.
Applications of Social Learning Theory
Vicarious Learning – Learning by
observing others.
Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) – Learning
guided by metacognition (thinking about
one’s thinking), planning, and self-
evaluation.
Thank you
very much
