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Neutrosophic I -Statistical Convergence of a Sequence of Neutrosophic

Random Variables In Probability

Article in Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications · June 2025

DOI: 10.32323/ujma.1681099

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 Univers. J. Math. Appl., 8 (2) (2025) 108-115 https://doi.org/10.32323/ujma.1681099

Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications

ISSN (Online) 2619-9653

https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ujma

Research Article

Neutrosophic I -Statistical Convergence of a Sequence of

Neutrosophic Random Variables In Probability
Carlos Granados1* and Ömer Kişi2
1 Escuela Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Barranquilla, Colombia
2 Department of Mathematics, Bartın University, 74100, Bartın, Türkiye
* Corresponding author

Article Info Abstract

Keywords: Neutrosophic random vari- This paper presents a novel perspective on established neutrosophic statistical convergence
ables, I -statistical convergence, Neu- by utilizing ideals and proposing new ideas. Specifically, we explore the neutrosophic
trosophic I -lacunary statistical con- I -statistical convergence of sequences of neutrosophic random variables (briefly, NRVs) in
vergence, Neutrosophic probability,
probability, as well as the neutrosophic I -lacunary statistical convergence and neutrosophic
Neutrosophic I -λ -statistical conver-
gence I -λ -statistical convergence of such sequences in probability. Additionally, we investigate
2020 AMS: 40A99, 60A86 their interconnections and examine some fundamental properties of these concepts.
Received: 21 April 2025
Accepted: 26 June 2025
Available online: 27 June 2025

1. Introduction
Smarandache [1] proposed a novel philosophical perspective that examines the origin, nature, and extent of neutralities, along with their
interactions in diverse contexts. The central tenet of neutrosophy asserts that any concept possesses not only a degree of truth—as typically
considered in many-valued logic systems—but also independent degrees of falsity and indeterminacy. In this approach, Smarandache appears
to interpret indeterminacy from both subjective and objective standpoints, including aspects such as uncertainty, imprecision, vagueness, and
error. Neutrosophy constitutes a recent mathematical theory that extends classical logic and fuzzy logic, encompassing constructs such as
neutrosophic set theory, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics, and neutrosophic logic.
Recently, Bisher and Hatip in 2020 [2] employed the concepts of random variables and the indeterminacy associated with neutrosophic
sets, offering an initial formulation of NRVs by introducing several fundamental notions. Subsequently, in 2021, Granados [3] established
additional theoretical developments related to NRVs, and later, Granados and Sanabria [4] investigated the concept of independence within
the context of NRVs. Furthermore, in 2020, Granados et al. [5, 6] examined certain neutrosophic probability distributions, both discrete [5]
and continuous [6], based on the structure of NRVs.
On the other hand, the concept of statistical convergence can be traced back to A. Zygmund in 1935, and it gained further attention following
its reintroduction by Steinhaus [7] and Fast [8] in 1951 for sequences of real numbers. Since then, various generalizations and applications
have been explored. These developments have also been employed in neutrosophic theory. For instance, Kirişci and Şimşek [9] proposed the
concept of neutrosophic normed space (briefly NNS), where they investigated statistical convergence and statistically Cauchy sequences,
along with statistical completeness. Granados and Dhital [10] extended these results to double sequences in NNS, defining notions such
as double statistically Cauchy sequences and their associated completeness. Kişi [11] explored the notions of ideal convergence and ideal
Cauchy sequences in NNS. Khan et al. [12] defined lacunary statistically Cauchy sequences and examined the relationship between statistical
completeness and classical completeness in NNS. In a subsequent work, Khan et al. [13] utilized λ -statistical convergence to generalize
these concepts, presenting λ -statistically Cauchy sequences and completeness results in NNS, along with relevant inclusion relations. Ali
et al. [14] investigated statistical convergence and statistically Cauchy sequences in neutrosophic metric spaces, inspired by analogous
definitions in fuzzy metric spaces, and provided several characterizations. Al-Hamido [15] proposed a new generalized neutrosophic
topological space that goes beyond both classical and crisp neutrosophic topologies, introducing novel types of neutrosophic sets and

Email addresses: [email protected], [email protected]

Cite as: C. Granados, Ö. Kişi, Neutrosophic I -Statistical Convergence of a Sequence of Neutrosophic Random Variables In Probability, Univers. J.
Math. Appl., 8(2) (2025), 108-115.
Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications 109

related concepts. Granados and Choudhury [16] formulated the notion of quasi-statistical convergence for triple sequences in NNS as an
extension of statistical convergence, investigated key properties, and demonstrated that quasi-statistical Cauchy sequences are equivalent to
quasi-statistical convergent sequences in this setting.
Inspired by the aforementioned studies and the growing interest in the investigation of neutrosophic statistical convergence, this paper aims
to introduce three novel types of statistical convergence for sequences of NRVs, which are as follows:
1. Neutrosophic I -statistical convergence in probability.
2. Neutrosophic I -lacunary statistical convergence in probability.
3. Neutrosophic I -λ -statistical convergence in probability.
In the present study, all the existing results provided in [17–20] are generalized and refined.

2. Preliminaries
In this section, we outline key concepts that are essential for the progression of the study.
Definition 2.1. (see [21]) Let T denote a non-empty, fixed set. A neutrosophic set A is characterized by the expression {t, (µA (t), δ A (t), γA (t)) :
t ∈ T }, where µA (t), δ A (t) and γA (t) represent the respective degrees of membership, indeterminacy, and non-membership of each
element t ∈ T within the set A .
Definition 2.2. (see [22]) Let K represent a field. The neutrosophic field associated with K and I is represented as ⟨K ∪ I⟩, where the
operations are those of K , and I is the neutrosophic element satisfying the property I 2 = I.
Definition 2.3. (see [23]) A classical neutrosophic number takes the form a + bI, where a and b are real or complex numbers and I
represents the indeterminacy satisfying 0.I = 0 and I 2 = I, which implies that I n = I for all positive integers n.
Definition 2.4. (see [23]) The neutrosophic probability associated with the occurrence of event A is given by
NP(A ) = (ch(A ), ch(neutA ), ch(antiA )) = (T, I, F)
where T, I, F signify standard or non-standard subsets of the non-standard unitary interval ]− 0, 1+ [.
Now, we put forward some notions of NRVs [2].
Definition 2.5. Let T be a real-valued deterministic random variable, with the mapping:
T :Ω→R
where Ω is the event space. An NRV TU is defined by:
TU : Ω → R(I)
and
TU = T + I
where I denotes indeterminacy.
Theorem 2.6. Consider the NRV TU = T + I, with the cumulative distribution function of TU given by FTU (x) = P(TU ≤ t). The following
expressions hold:
1. FTU (t) = FT (t − I),
2. fTU (t) = fT (t − I).
In these, FTU and fTU denote the cumulative distribution function and the probability density function of TU , respectively.
Theorem 2.7. Consider the NRV TU = T + I. The expected value is given by:
E(TU ) = E(T ) + I.
Next, we provide some definitions concerning ideal spaces, as defined by Kuratowski [24]:
Definition 2.8. A ideal I on a set X, as defined by [24] is a collection of non-empty subsets of X that meets the following requirements.
1. When A ⊂ B and B ∈ I, then A ∈ I.
2. When A ∈ I and B ∈ I, then A ∪ B ∈ I.

3. Neutrosophic I -Statistical Convergence in Probability

Definition 3.1. Consider a sequence {TUα }α∈N of NRVs, where each TUα is constructed on a same event space S , along with a specified
class Λ of subsets of S , and a probability function P : Λ → R. This sequence is regarded as neutrosophic I -statistically convergent
(N-I -stat-convergent) in probability to an NRV TU , where T : S → R, if for any ρ, ς , ρ > 0,
 
1
α ∈ N : |{β ≤ α : P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς }| ≥ ρ ∈ I ,
α
or equivalently,
 
1
α ∈ N : |{β ≤ α : 1 − P(|TUβ − TU | < ρ) ≥ ς }| ≥ ρ ∈ I .
α
S pU (I )
This convergence is represented by TUα → TU . The collection of all sequences of NRVs that are N-I -stat-convergent in probability is
referred to as S pU (I ).
110 Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications

S pU (I ) S pU (I )
Theorem 3.2. If TUα → TU and TUα → YU , then P{TU = YU } = 1.

Proof. Let ρ, ς > 0 and 0 < ρ < 1, then

 
1 n  ρ ςo ρ
U = α ∈N: β ≤ α : P |TUβ − TU | ≥ ≥ < ∈ F (I ),
α 2 2 3
and
 
1 n  ρ ςo ρ
V = α ∈N: β ≤ α : P |TUβ − YU | ≥ ≥ < ∈ F (I ).
α 2 2 3
Since U ∩ V ∈ F (I ) and 0/ ∈
/ F (I ) implies that U ∩ V ̸= 0.
/ Now, let γ ∈ U ∩ V . Then,
1 n  ρ  ς o ρ
β ≤ γ : P |TUβ − TU | ≥ ≥ <
γ 2 2 3
and
1 n  ρ ςo ρ
β ≤ γ : P |TUβ − YU | ≥ ≥ < .
γ 2 2 3
This implies,
1 n  ρ ς  ρ ςo
β ≤ γ : P |TUβ − TU | ≥ ≥ or P |TUβ − YU | ≥ ≥ < ρ < 1.
γ 2 2 2 2
 ρ ς  ρ ς
Therefore, there exists any β ≤ γ such that P |TUβ − TU | ≥ < and P |TUβ − YU | ≥ < . Hence,
2 2 2 2
 ρ  ς  ρ 
P(|TU − YU | ≥ ρ) ≤ P |TUβ − TU | ≥ < + P |TUβ − YU | ≥ < ς.
2 2 2

S pU (I )
Theorem 3.3. If a sequence of constants TUα → TU , we can treat each constant as an NRV with a one-point distribution at that specific
S pU (I )
value, thus expressing the convergence as TUα → TU .

Proof. The proof is succeeded by the definition.

The reverse of the above theorem is not always valid, as demonstrated in the following example:
Example 3.4. Consider K = {α 2 + I }, where α = 1, 2, 3, ... and let the neutrosophic density TUα be defined as fα (x − I ) = 1 + I
α(x−I )α−1
for I < x < 1 + I , and equal to I otherwise. If α ∈ K , then fα (x − I ) = 2α , for I < x < 2 + I ; and fα (x − I ) = I if
α ∈ N − K . Now, for ρ ∈ (0, 1), we have
(i) P(|TUα − 2| ≥ ρ) = 1+ I if α ∈ K and
ρ n
(ii) P(|TUα − 2| ≥ ρ) = 1 − + I if α ∈ N − K .
2
S pU (Id )
Thus, TUα → 2 + I .
Theorem 3.5. The properties listed below hold for N-I -stat-convergence in probability:
S pU (I ) S pU (I )
1. TUα → TU if and only if TUα − TU → 0,
S pU (I ) S pU (I )
2. TUα → TU , then pTUα → pTU , where p ∈ R,
S pU (I ) S pU (I ) S pU (I )
3. TUα → TU and WUα → WU , then TUα + WUα → TU + WU ,
S pU (I ) S pU (I ) S pU (I )
4. TUα → TU and WUα → WU , then TUα − WUα
TU − WU , →
S pU (I ) S pU
(I )
5. TUα → t + I, then TU2α → (t + I)2
S pU (I ) S pU (I ) S pU (I )
6. TUα → t + I1 and WUα → w + I2 , then TUα WUα → (t + I1 )(w + I2 ) where I1 ̸= I2 ,
S pU (I ) S pU (I ) S pU (I )
7. TUα → t + I1 and WUα → w + I2 , then TUα WUα → [tw + I (1 + t + w)] where I1 = I2 = I,
S pU (I ) S pU (I ) S pU (I )
8. TUα → t + I1 and WUα → w + I2 , then TUα /WUα → (t + I1 )/(w + I2 ) provided w ̸= −I2 .
S pU (I ) S pU (I ) S pU (I )
9. TUα → TU and WUα → WU , then TUα WUα → TU WU ,
S pU (I ) S pU (I )
10. If 0 ≤ TUα ≤ WUα and WUα → 0, then TUα → 0,
S pU (I )
11. If TUα → TU , then for each ρ, ς > 0, there exists β ∈ N so that any ρ > 0
 
1
α ∈N: |{β ≤ α : P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς }| ≥ ρ ∈I.
α
This will be called the neutrosophic I -statistical Cauchy condition in probability.
Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications 111

Proof. Let ρ, ς , ρ denote arbitrary positive real values. Then,

Properties (1), (2), (3), and (4) directly follow from the definitions, so their proofs are omitted.
S pU (I ) S pU (I )
(5) If ZUα → 0, then ZU2α → 0 for
√
{β ≤ α : P(|ZU2β − 0| ≥ ρ) ≥ ς } = {β ≤ α : ZUβ − 0| ≥ ρ) ≥ ς }.

Next, let
S pU (I )
TU2α = (TUα − (t + I))2 + 2(t + I)(TUα − (t + I)) + (t + I)2 → (t + I)2 .

(6) We get

TUα WUα = 14 {(TUα + WUα )2 − (TUα − WUα )2 }

S pU (I ) 1
→ 4 {(t + I1 + w + I2 )2 − (t + I1 − (w + I2 ))2 = (t + I1 )(w + I2 ).
(7) We have

TUα WUα = 14 {(TUα + WUα )2 − (TUα − WUα )2 }

S pU (I ) 1
→ 4 {(t + w + 2I)2 − (t − w)2 = [tw + I(1 + t + w)].

(8) Let U and V be events of |WUα − (w + I2 )| < |w + I2 |, 1

WUα
1
− w+I2
≥ ρ, respectively. Now,

1 1 |WUα − (w + I2 )|
− =
WUα w + I2 |(w + I2 )WUα |
|WUα − (w + I2 )
=
|w + I2 ||(w + I2 ) + (WUα − (w + I2 )|
|WUα − (w + I2 )
≤ .
|w + I2 ||(|w + I2 | − |WUα − (w + I2 )|)|
If U and V occur simultaneously, then

ρ|w + I2 |2
|WUα − (w + I2 )| ≥ ,
1 + ρ|w + I2 |

ρ|w + I2 |2
that follows from the above inequality. Next, let ρ0 = and let G be the event |WUα − (w + I2 )| ≥ ρ0 . This implies U V ⊂ G ,
1 + ρ|w + I2 |
then P(B) ≤ C + P(A ), where the bar represents the set of complement. This implies
 
1
β ≤ α : P( W1U − ≥ ρ) ≥ ς
α w + I2
⊂ {β ≤ α : P(|WUα − (w + I2 )| ≥ ρ0 )
≥ 21 ς ∪ {β ≤ α : P(WUα − (w + I2 )| ≥ |w + I2 |) ≥ 21 ς }.
p p
1 S U (I ) 1 TUα S U (I ) t + I1
Therefore, WUα → provided w ̸= I2 . Consequently, WUα → provided w ̸= I2 . If I2 = I1 = I, it can be seen that
w + I2 w + I2
p
TUα S U (I ) t+I
WUα → w+I , provided w ̸= I.
S pU (I ) S pU (I )
(10) First at all, we should prove that if TUα → TU and ZU is a neutrosophic random variable then TUα ZU → TU ZU . Since ZU
is a neutrosophic random variable, given ς > 0, there exists an κ > 0 such that P(|ZN | > κ) ≤ 12 ς . Then, for any ρ > 0,

P(TUα ZU − TU ZU | ≥ ρ) = P(|TUα − TU ||ZU | ≥ ρ, |ZU > κ)

+P(|TUα − TU ||ZU | ≥ ρ, |ZU ≤ κ)
≤ 12 ς + P(|TUα − TU | ≥ ρ/κ).
This implies,

{β ≤ α : P(|TUβ ZU − TU ZU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς }
⊂ {β ≤ α : P(|TUβ − (t + I)| ≥ ρ/κ) ≥ 21 ς } ∈ I .

S pU (I ) S pU (I )
Thus, (TUα − TU )(WUα − WU ) → 0. Therefore, this implies TUα WUα → TU WU .
(11) Proof is straightforward and hence omitted.
(12) Take β ∈ N such that P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ 12 ρ) < 12 ς . Then,

{β ≤ α : P(|TUα − TUβ | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς } ≥ ρ}
⊂ {β ≤ α : P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ 21 ρ) ≥ 21 ς } ≥ ρ} ∈ I .
112 Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications

4. Neutrosophic I -Lacunary Statistical Convergence in Probability

Fridy [25] defined a lacunary sequence is an increasing integer sequence θ = {sυ }υ∈N∪{0} such that s0 = 0 and hυ = sυ −sυ−1 → ∞, as
sυ
υ → ∞; and Iυ = (sυ−1 , sυ ] and qυ = .
sυ−1
Next, we define neutrosophic I -lacunary statistical convergence in probability:
Definition 4.1. The sequence {TUα }α∈N is regarded as neutrosophic I -lacunary statistically (N-I -Sθ ) convergent in probability to a NRV
TU , where T : S → R, if for any ρ, ς , ρ > 0,
 
1
υ ∈N: |{β ∈ Iυ : P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς }| ≥ ρ ∈ I .
hυ
p
Sθ N (I )
This convergence is represented by TUα → TU . The collection of all sequences of NRVs that are N-I -Sθ -convergent in probability is
p
referred to as Sθ N (I ).
(−1)α
Example 4.2. Let TUα (ω) = ω + α , where ω is a random variable uniformly distributed over [0, 1], and define TU (ω) = ω. Let the
lacunary sequence θ = {kr }r∈N be given by kr = 2r , so that the lacunary intervals are Ir = (kr−1 , kr ] = (2r−1 , 2r ], and the interval length is
hr = kr − kr−1 = 2r−1 . Let the ideal I be the family of subsets of N with natural density zero. Now consider the sequence {TUα }. For each
α, we have
(−1)α 1
|TUα (ω) − TU (ω)| = = .
α α
Then the probability that the absolute difference exceeds any fixed ρ > 0 is
(
1, if α1 ≥ ρ,
P(|TUα − TU | ≥ ρ) =
0, otherwise.

Let us fix ρ = 0.1, ς = 0.5, and ρ = 0.25. In each lacunary interval Ir , the number of indices β such that P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς is
finite and gets smaller as β increases. Specifically, for large enough r, most β ∈ Ir satisfy β1 < ρ, so the corresponding probability is zero.
Therefore, the proportion
1 n o
β ∈ Ir : P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς
hr
becomes less than any ρ > 0 for large r. Hence, the set
 
1 n o
r∈N: β ∈ Ir : P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς ≥ ρ
hr
has natural density zero, so it belongs to I .
p
Sθ N (I )
Thus, we conclude that TUα → TU , i.e., the sequence is neutrosophic I -lacunary statistically convergent in probability to TU .
p p
Sθ N (I ) Sθ N (I )
Theorem 4.3. If TUα → TU and TUα → YU , then P{TU = YU } = 1.

Proof. Let P(|TU − YU | ≥ ρ) = ς > 0, where for some ρ > 0. Then,

 ρ
P(|TU − YU | ≥ ρ) ≤ P |TUβ − TU | ≥
2
 ρ
+ P |TUβ − YU | ≥ .
2
Thus,
 
1
υ ∈N: |{U ∈ Iυ : P(|TU − YU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς }| ≥ 21
 hυ 
1
⊂ υ ∈N: |{β ∈ Iυ : P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ2 ) ≥ ς2 }| ≥ 14
 hυ 
1
∪ υ ∈N: |{β ∈ Iυ : P(|TUβ − YU | ≥ 2 ) ≥ 2 }| ≥ 4 ∈ I ,
ρ ς 1
hυ
where N is a neutrosophic set.

Theorem 4.4. The following statements are equivalent:

pN
S (I )
1. TUα θ → TU .
2. For all ρ, ς > 0,
( )
1
υ ∈N: ∑ P(|TUα − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς ∈I.
hυ α∈Iυ
Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications 113

p
Sθ N (I )
Proof. We begin proving (1) ⇒ (2): First, let’s consider that TUα → TU , then we have
1 1 ς ς
∑ P(|TUα − TU | ≥ ρ) ≤ |{β ∈ Iυ : P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ }| + .
hυ α∈Iυ hυ 2 2

Consequently, we obtain
 
1
υ ∈N: ∑α∈Iυ P(|TUα − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς
 hυ 
1
⊂ υ ∈N: |{β ∈ Iυ : P(|TUβ − YU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς2 }| ≥ ς2 ∈ I .
hυ
Next, we prove (2) ⇒ (1) : Let’s consider that for all ρ, ς > 0,
( )
1
υ ∈N: ∑ P(|TUα − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς ∈ I .
hυ α∈Iυ

supplies. Then,
1 1
∑ P(|TUα − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ |{β ∈ Iυ : P(|TUβ − YU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς }|.
ς hυ α∈Iυ hυ

Then, for any ρ > 0,

 
1
υ ∈N: |{β ∈ Iυ : P(|TUβ − YU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς }| ≥ ρ
 hυ 
1
⊂ υ ∈N: ∑α∈Iυ P(|TUα − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς ρ ∈ I .
ς hυ
p
Sθ N (I )
Therefore, we have TUα → TU .

5. Neutrosophic I - λ -Statistical Convergence in Probability

In [17], Ghosal formulated the following concepts. Let λ = {λα }α∈N be a non-decreasing

sequence of positive real numbers such that
λ1 = 1, λα+1 ≤ λα + 1 and λα → ∞ as α → ∞. For a given sequence of real numbers wβ β ∈N , the generalised De la Valeé-Pousin mean is
demonstrated by
1
tα (x) = ∑ wβ
λα β ∈Qα

where Qα = [α − λα + 1, α].
Next, we present the definition of neutrosophic I -λ -statistical convergence in probability:
Definition 5.1. The sequence {TUα }α∈N is termed neutrosophic I -λ -statistical convergent in probability to a NRV TU , where T : S → R,
if for any ρ, ς , ρ > 0,
 
1
α ∈N: |{β ∈ Qα : P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς }| ≥ ρ ∈ I .
λα
p
SλU (I )
This type of convergence will be written as TUα → TU .
Example 5.2. Let TUα (ω) = ω + √1
α
for each α ∈ N, where ω is a random variable uniformly distributed over [0, 1], and define TU (ω) = ω.
Then
1
|TUα (ω) − TU (ω)| = √ .
α
Thus,
(
1, if √1 ≥ ρ,
P(|TUα − TU | ≥ ρ) = α
0, otherwise.

Now, define the non-decreasing sequence λ = {λα }α∈N as λα = α and the intervals Qα = [α − λα + 1, α] = [1, α] for all α ∈ N. Let the
ideal I be the family of subsets of N with natural density zero.
Fix ρ = 0.05, ς = 0.5, and ρ = 0.2. Then for large α, √1α < ρ, so

P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) < ς for most β ∈ Qα .

Therefore, the number of β ∈ Qα for which the probability exceeds ς becomes negligible compared to λα , i.e.,
1 n o
β ∈ Qα : P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς < ρ
λα
114 Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications

for all sufficiently large α.

Hence, the set
 
1 n o
α ∈N: β ∈ Qα : P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς ≥ ρ
λα
is finite, and so belongs to the ideal I .
p
SλU (I )
Thus, we conclude that TUα → TU , i.e., the sequence is neutrosophic I -λ -statistically convergent in probability to TU .
Definition 5.3. The sequence {TUα }α∈N is regarded as neutrosophic [V, λ ]-I -summability in probability to a NRV TU , where X : S → R,
provided that for any ρ, ς > 0,
( )
1
α ∈N: P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς ∈ I .
λα β ∑
∈Q α

[V,λ ] pU (I )
We denote this summability as TUα → TU .
Example 5.4. Let TUα (ω) = ω + α1 for each α ∈ N, where ω is a random variable uniformly distributed on [0, 1], and define TU (ω) = ω.
Then,
1
|TUα (ω) − TU (ω)| = ,
α
so that
(
1, if α1 ≥ ρ,
P(|TUα − TU | ≥ ρ) =
0, otherwise.
Now, define λ = {λα }α∈N by λα = α, and Qα = [α − λα + 1, α] = [1, α]. Let I be the family of all subsets of N with natural density zero.
Fix ρ = 0.01 and ς = 0.1. For sufficiently large α, we have α1 < ρ, so P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) = 0 for most β ∈ Qα . Therefore,
1
∑ P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) → 0 as α → ∞.
λα β ∈Qα

Hence, the set

( )
1
α ∈N: ∑ P(|TUβ − TU | ≥ ρ) ≥ ς
λα β ∈Qα

is finite and therefore belongs to the ideal I .

[V,λ ] pU (I )
Consequently, TUα → TU , i.e., the sequence is neutrosophic [V, λ ]-I -summable in probability to TU .
Theorem 5.5. For any sequence of NRVs {XNn }n∈N , The statements listed below are equivalent:
p
SλU (I )
1. TUα → TU .
[V,λ ] pU (I )
2. TUα → TU .
Proof. The proof proceeds in a similar manner to that of Theorem 4.4 and is therefore omitted.
p p
SλU (I ) SλU (I )
Theorem 5.6. If TUα → TU and TUα → YU , then P{TN = YN } = 1.

Proof. Since the reasoning parallels that of Theorem 3.2, we omit the detailed proof.

6. Conclusion
In this paper, we have introduced certain notions of statistical convergence in probability for sequences of NRVs. We also established some
fundamental properties and examined their interrelations. Furthermore, it can be observed that the results presented here extend the classical
framework developed in [17–19]. This aligns with the viewpoint expressed by Smarandache in [1, 20], which suggests that the neutrosophic
statistical framework provides a broader generalization than its classical counterpart. For future studies, we recommend extending these
notions by using [26–30].

Article Information
Acknowledgements: The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful
comments and suggestions.
Author’s Contributions: C. G. was responsible for the original draft preparation. Ö. K. contributed to the conceptualization, investigation,
and writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Artificial Intelligence Statement: No artificial intelligence tools were used in the preparation of this manuscript.
Conflict of Interest Disclosure: No potential conflict of interest was declared by authors.
Plagiarism Statement: This article was scanned by the plagiarism program.
 Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications 115

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