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John Kundert-Gibbs
Kristin Kundert-Gibbs
Action!
A C T I N G L E S S O N S F O R C G A N I M AT O R S
SERIOUS SKILLS.
Action!
Acting Lessons
for CG Animators
Action!
Acting Lessons
for CG Animators
J o h n K u n d e r t- G i b b s | K r i s t i n K u n d e r t- G i b b s
Disclaimer: This eBook does not include ancillary media that was packaged with the
printed version of the book.
A c q u i s i t i o n s E d i t o r : Mariann Barsolo
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P r o d u c t i o n M a n a g e r : Tim Tate
V i c e P r e s i d e n t a n d E x e c u t i v e G r o u p P u b l i s h e r : Richard Swadley
V i c e P r e s i d e n t a n d P u b l i s h e r : Neil Edde
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ISBN: 978-0-470-22743-5
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Kundert-Gibbs, John L.
p. cm.
1. Computer animation. 2. Animation (Cinematography) 3. Motion picture acting. 4. Motion pictures—Production and direction. I. Title.
TR897.7.K82 2009
006.6’96—dc22
2008052149
TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates,
in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective
owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dear Reader
Thank you for choosing Action! Acting Lessons for CG Animators. This book is part of
a family of premium-quality Sybex books, all written by outstanding authors who com-
bine practical experience with a gift for teaching.
Sybex was founded in 1976. More than 30 years later, we’re still committed to produc-
ing consistently exceptional books. With each of our books, we’re working hard to set a
new standard for the industry. From the authors we work with to the paper we print on,
our goal is to bring you the best books available.
I hope you see all that reflected in these pages. I’d be very interested to hear your com-
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For our boys:
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Acknowledgments
This book would not have been possible without generous support from the
University of Georgia. The Department of Theatre and Film Studies provided space
and equipment as well as many talented students. We wish to thank, in particular,
David Saltz, head of the department, and Garnett Stokes, dean of the Franklin College
of Arts and Sciences, for their enduring support. The Master of Fine Arts (MFA) and
undergraduate students in acting, media, and design all contributed time and energy
to this project. The MFA performance class of 2009 was instrumental in our work.
Their members include Jacqueline Carey, Ruth Crews, Norman Ferguson, Koqunia
Forté, Scotty Gannon, Rob Glidden, Jonathan Phipps, Amy Roeder, Brandon Wentz,
and Shana Youngblood. In addition, James Orara, David Floyd, and Lena Gieseke
contributed countless hours modeling and rigging the characters included on the DVD.
The people at Sybex have been amazing partners in this journey. We thank them
all, especially Mariann Barsolo, Toni Zuccarini Ackley, Dassi Zeidel, Ryan Sneed, Liz
Welch, and Publication Services.
About the Authors
Introduction ■ xiii
Index ■ 319
Contents
Introduction xiii
Chapter 1 ■ What Is Acting? 1
What Is Animation? 40
Why Animate? 41
A Brief History of Animation 42
The Disney 12 Principles 47
Facial versus Body Animation 55
The Facial Action Coding System 56
Rigging in a Nutshell 58
Animation Exercises 60
Chapter 3 ■ Stanislavski’s System 67
Acting Commedia 90
The Characters 90
Relating Commedia Characters
to Animation 99
Commedia Acting Exercises 101
Animation Exercises 109
Chapter 5 ■ Bioenergetics 119
Energy 120
Character 121
Bioenergetics Acting Exercises 131
Bioenergetics Animation Exercises 139
Chapter 6 ■ Usingthe Work of Michael
Chekhov in Animation 145
Index 319
Introduction
As an animator, you are basically doing the job of an actor—just very
slowly. You are creating a living, breathing character that tells a story, shares an experi-
ence, and moves an audience. Your character becomes “animated” with the body, voice,
and emotions you breathe into it. This process is similar to what an actor goes through
when creating a role, so you need to understand the process of creating a realistic charac-
ter on the screen from the actor’s perspective as well as from the perspective of the CG
artist in order to create the most compelling characters possible.
This book is a synthesis of the fields of acting and animation, a guidebook for you,
the animator, who most likely has more training in the technique of animating (motion,
keyframing, solid drawing, and the like) than in the process of developing a character
with emotion, intent, and a through line (a driving desire that the character has). Within
these pages you will discover secrets actors spend years (and often lots and lots of money)
learning—and how to apply these secrets directly to animation. Rather than having
to read a number of books on acting and animating and figuring out how to put them
together yourself, this book is purpose-built just for you: the animator who wants to
understand how to create more powerful, compelling characters utilizing the advanced
techniques stage and screen actors have perfected over the years.
In a sense, your process in creating character animation is twofold. First, you must
create the character, and then you must transfer it to the computer. Perhaps you could
argue that you are creating the character directly on the screen, but in any case your
artistic medium is not the same as an actor, who uses their own body, voice, and emo-
tions as the final output. Instead, your instrument is the hardware and software avail-
able to you. Nevertheless, your character still has a body, voice, and emotions, just as
the actor’s character does, so understanding and employing the techniques of an actor is
essential to bettering your artistry.
What is most important for you to take away from this book is the understanding of
the process an actor goes through when creating a character, along with the knowledge
of how to transfer or use one or more acting techniques in a given animation. The tech-
niques presented in this book are designed to broaden your storehouse of knowledge and
increase your “toolbox” for developing a character. This book is not intended to turn
xiv ■ Introduction
you into an actor; we would venture to say that no book could turn someone into an actor.
As with becoming an accomplished character animator, only years of hard work can do
that. Sanford Meisner, one of the greatest acting teachers of the 20th century, said that it
takes 20 years to make an actor, to gain the experience and technique necessary to truly
act. Rather than send you out on a 20-year quest to become an actor, we present numerous
proven (and sometimes private) techniques that help actors create character, communicate
emotion and intent, and connect with the audience. These techniques provide an excellent
complement to the technical knowledge of 3D software (or 2D software, or drawing) that
animators learn.
We believe it is virtually impossible to understand and internalize the work and pro-
cess of an actor without participating in this process. Reading about it will only increase
your intellectual understanding, while doing it will allow you to viscerally experience the
creation of a new life. In most theater programs across the country, acting is a required
element of a degree in theater. Even if an individual never intends to set foot on the stage—
instead planning to design, write, or direct—he or she must fully participate in an acting
class to understand the art of acting, which is central to the creation of character. In simi-
lar fashion, you are creating character through animation, and there is no substitute for
experience in creating animation to learn the process and master the technique. To facili-
tate the need to practice what you learn, a large percentage of this book involves both act-
ing and animation exercises, where you can apply the knowledge you learn in these pages
directly to your own and your virtual character’s bodies. Take your time, have patience
with yourself, participate in the exercises fully, and your skills as an animator (and actor
for that matter) will grow immensely.
quantifiable as the technical skills, we feel it is imperative that animators have a solid
understanding of acting techniques and methodologies. Although taking a basic acting
class is great and we highly recommend it, there are many techniques that only advanced
acting students have access to—techniques that are ideally suited to animators as well as
actors—and we have gathered these techniques together in this book to present to you, the
animator.
This book is designed for you, with a special emphasis placed on external acting tech-
niques. These techniques create the body or outside of the character, so they will translate
more closely to your work of graphically creating a character. Working through this book
will provide you with a solid knowledge of how these advanced acting techniques work, as
well as how to apply them to your character animation work. From utilizing Commedia
lazzi (or “takes”), to breathing in patterns that create emotion, to analyzing energy blocks
within one’s body, to many others, you will have a veritable smorgasbord from which to
choose when creating your next character animation.
In addition to intellectual knowledge, this book presents numerous exercises designed
to help you incorporate character and acting into your own body—and then transfer this
knowledge to practice in animation exercises. You will thus practice what you learn with
immediate, precisely focused exercises to help you internalize and master the skills and
knowledge presented.
The painstakingly collected material on this DVD is, we believe, a unique collection of
acting technique, animation examples, and character rigs. Nowhere else will you find such
extensive, highly focused assets all collected in one convenient place for your educational
benefit.
Feedback
Both Kristin and John are educators as well as practitioners of their art. They are always
happy to answer questions or to listen to your feedback concerning the book. Feel free to
contact them:
Kristin Kundert-Gibbs: [email protected]
John Kundert-Gibbs: [email protected]
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