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CUSTOMS AND CULTURES OF THE WORLD
MY
TEENAGE
LIFE IN
BRAZIL
CUSTOMS AND CULTURES OF THE WORLD
MY
TEENAGE
LIFE IN
BRAZILBy Jim Whiting
with Lucca Passos
Series Foreword by
Kum-Kum Bhavnani
MASON CREST
Mason Crest
450 Parkway Drive, Suite D
Broomall, PA 19008
www.masoncrest.com
© 2018 by Mason Crest, an imprint of National Highlights, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or any information storage and retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
First printing
987654321
QR Codes disclaimer:
You may gain access to certain third party content (“Third-Party Sites”) by scanning and using
the QR Codes that appear in this publication (the “QR Codes”). We do not operate or control in
any respect any information, products, or services on such Third-Party Sites linked to by us via
the QR Codes included in this publication, and we assume no responsibility for any materials you
may access using the QR Codes. Your use of the QR Codes may be subject to terms, limitations,
or restrictions set forth in the applicable terms of use or otherwise established by the owners of
the Third-Party Sites. Our linking to such Third-Party Sites via the QR Codes does not imply an
endorsement or sponsorship of such Third-Party Sites, or the information, products, or services
offered on or through the Third-Party Sites, nor does it imply an endorsement or sponsorship of
this publication by the owners of such Third-Party Sites.
BRAZIL
Contents
Series Foreword by Kum-Kum Bhavnani, UCSB..................... 6
Sidebars: This boxed material within the main text allows readers to build k nowledge,
gain insights, explore possibilities, and broaden their perspectives by weaving together
additional information to provide realistic and holistic p
erspectives.
Educational Videos: Readers can view videos by scanning our QR codes, providing them
with additional educational content to supplement the text. Examples include news
coverage, moments in history, speeches, iconic sports moments, and much more!
Text-Dependent Questions: These questions send the reader back to the text for more
careful attention to the evidence presented here.
Research Projects: Readers are pointed toward areas of further inquiry c onnected to
each chapter. Suggestions are provided for projects that encourage deeper research
and analysis.
Culture:
Parts = Whole
C
ulture makes us human. Culture is also about how we
Many of us think of culture live our lives. It is about our lived
as something that belongs to a person, experiences of our societies and of
a group, or even a country. We talk all the worlds we inhabit. And in this
about the food of a region as being series—Customs and Cultures of the
part of its culture (tacos, pupusas, World—you will meet young people
tamales, and burritos all are part of who will share their experiences of
our understanding of food from Mex- the cultures and worlds they inhabit.
ico, and South and Central America). How does a teenager growing
We might also talk about the up in South Africa make sense of
clothes as being important to culture the history of apartheid, the 1994
(saris in India, kimonos in Japan, democratic elections, and of what is
hijabs or gallibayas in Egypt, or happening now? That is as integral
beaded shirts in the Navajo Nation). to our world’s culture as the ancient
Imagine trying to sum up “American” ruins in Greece, the pyramids of
culture using just examples like these! Egypt, the Great Wall of China, the
Yet culture does not just belong to a Himalayas above Nepal, and the
person or even a country. It is not only Amazon rain forests in Brazil.
about food and clothes or music and But these examples are not
art, because those things by them- enough. Greece is also known for
selves cannot tell the whole story. its financial uncertainties, Egypt is
6
known for the uprisings in Tahrir with their cultures? One way is to
Square, China is known for its rapid read the stories in this series. The
development of megacities, Australia “authors” are just like you, even
is known for its amazing animals, though they live in different places
and Brazil is known for the Olympics and in different cultures. We com-
and its football [soccer] team. And municated with these young writers
there are many more examples for over the Internet, which has become
each nation, region, and person, and the greatest gathering of cultures
some of these examples are featured ever. The Internet is now central to
in these books. The question is: How the culture of almost everyone, with
do you, growing up in a particular young people leading the way on how
country, view your own culture? to use it to expand the horizons of
What do you think of as culture? all of us. From those of us born in
What is your lived experience of it? earlier generations, thank you for
How do you come to understand and opening that cultural avenue!
engage with cultures that are not Let me finish by saying that
familiar to you? And, perhaps most culture allows us to open our minds,
importantly, why do you/we want to think about worlds different from
do this? And how does reading about the ones we live in, and to imagine
and experiencing other cultures help how people very different from us
you understand your own? live their lives. This series of books
It is perhaps a cliché to say is just the start of the process, but a
culture forms the central core of crucial start.
our humanity and our dignity. If I hope you enjoy them.
that’s true, how do young adults —Kum-Kum Bhavnani
talk about your own cultures? How Professor of sociology and
do you simultaneously understand feminist and global studies at the
University of California, Santa
how people apparently “different”
Barbara, and an award-winning
from you live their lives, and engage
international filmmaker.
7
BRAZIL
Meet Lucca!
I was born in São Paulo and
moved to Salvador Bahia. I
love to go skateboarding and
surfing so that’s one reason I picked
Santa Barbara, California (below), for a
year when I was an exchange
student.
8
SÃO PAULO!
The Reader
About Me!
I have two twin brothers, one year younger than me. One of my brothers is
autistic. He is really good, but I miss him a lot [when I was in Santa Barbara].
My father is a businessman, and my mother works in a bank.
My mother’s family is from São Paulo and I go there often to visit them. I
prefer Salvador now, I’m used to it and it’s a bit quieter than São Paulo.
I think I’d like to get into some sort of business, perhaps go to university in
the US and go back to Brazil and start a business. Having an education from
America will be very well respected when I go back home.
9
BRAZIL
Brazil :
An Introduction
F
or many years, people believed that the Nile River in Egypt and other
parts of Africa was the world’s longest. However, in 2007, a team of
Brazilian scientists said that the Amazon deserved that honor because
they claimed they had discovered a new and longer starting point for the
mighty river. At 4,250 miles (6,839 km) in length, they said it was about 90
miles (144 km) longer than the Nile, though that measurement has not yet
been widely accepted.
However, there is no question that the Amazon and its dozens of
tributaries in Brazil and some of its neighbors—collectively known as
the Amazon Basin—comprise the world’s largest river system. Almost
everything about the Amazon Basin staggers the imagination:
Words to Understand
amenities features providing convenience, comfort, or pleasure
inadvertently by mistake, without intention
indigenous original; native to a place
stigma mark of disgrace, set of negative beliefs
tributaries rivers or streams flowing into a larger river
10
• Its total volume is about 75 times greater than the Nile.
• It accounts for one-fifth of the world’s total freshwater flow into the
ocean.
• Half of the world’s remaining rainforest lies within the Amazon Basin.
• During the rainy season the increased flow of water makes the Amazon
River more than 30 miles (48.2 km)wide in some points.
• One of the islands in the Amazon Delta—the area where the river spreads
out as it flows into the Atlantic Ocean—is larger than Switzerland.
11
BRAZIL
Other Regions
There’s more to Brazil than the Amazon Basin. The Brazilian Plateau,
which covers most of the eastern, central, and southern parts of the
country, accounts for about half of Brazil’s total area. Much of it consists
of woodlands and it frequently rises more than 2,000 feet (610 m). The
southeast occupies only about 10 percent of the land area but contains
more than 40 percent of Brazil’s population and several of its largest cities.
Brazil also boasts one of the world’s largest uninterrupted shorelines,
stretching more than 4,500 miles (7,242 km) along the Atlantic Ocean. It
consists of coral reefs, lagoons, dunes, and above all some of the world’s
most spectacular and best-known beaches.
12
Slavery in North America is well known, but Brazil and other South American
countries also imported millions of slaves from Africa.
red dye and gave its name to the new colony. They used the natives for all
of the hard work. Many died from the harsh treatment they received. The
Portuguese also inadvertently brought diseases for which the natives
had no natural immunity. The native population numbers plummeted. To
replace the native peoples, the Portuguese began importing slaves from
Africa. Eventually more than four million crossed the Atlantic. That’s at
least 10 times the number of slaves brought to North America and nearly
half the worldwide total.
13
BRAZIL
14
ruler in the country’s history. Brazil was largely stable and prosperous
during his reign. Pedro II officially abolished slavery in 1888. It was the
last country in the Western Hemisphere to do that. But the move turned
the country’s upper class against him. It was one of the reasons they
joined with the military to remove him from power the following year
and declare a republic.
15
BRAZIL
16
Brazilian superstar Neymar (right; players usually go by one name) battled Mexico
on the way to leading his team to a much-needed Olympic gold medal in 2016.
Perhaps more importantly, the two fairly successful events helped pres-
ent a more positive view of Brazil to the world. Things were not perfect,
but the Brazilian peoples’ outgoing and positive attitude played a part in
making both events work, even as the country struggled with economic
and political issues (see page 42).
17
BRAZIL
In Brazil, people who study in public schools are mostly poor and the schools are not
as good. My family is able to send me to private Catholic school. Every day we have the
same classes including Math, Physics, and Chemistry. We study Brazilian history most of
the time, but we also study world history. We have English from an early age. I don’t think
that learning English was that hard. But I think you learning Portuguese would be harder!
Usually, the teachers come to our classes, rather than us moving from class to class. In
Santa Barbara, we called the teachers Mr. or Miss…in Brazil, we use their first name. The
principal is the only one we call Mister.
In Brazil, the school year starts in February and finishes in November. The seasons are
reversed there, of course. So when I arrived in Santa Barbara in August, I was halfway
through my junior year, so I repeated a bit of it and then finished. So when I go back, I’ll
start half of my senior year. Then I hope to come back to college here, too!
18
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