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Google Web Toolkit
Google Web Toolkit
Google Web Toolkit (GWT) is an open-source Java software development framework that
makes writing AJAX applications like Google Maps and Gmail easy for developers who
don’t speak browser quirks as a second language.
Prabhakar Chaganti
Who this book is written for
The book is aimed at programmers who want to use GWT to create interfaces for
their professional web applications. Readers will need experience writing non-trivial
applications using Java. Experience with developing web interfaces is useful, but
knowledge of JavaScript and DHTML is not required… GWT takes care of that! GWT Java AJAX Programming
Prabhakar Chaganti
where applicable
Google Web Toolkit
Prabhakar Chaganti
BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI
Google Web Toolkit
GWT Java Ajax Programming
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written
permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in
critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of
the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold
without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, Packt Publishing,
nor its dealers or distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to
be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all the
companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals.
However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
ISBN 978-1-847191-00-7
www.packtpub.com
I would like to thank my wife Nitika for her support and constant
encouragement while I was writing this book. She effortlessly played
the roles of both mom and dad while I was wrestling with GWT!
Thanks and love to my two daughters Anika and Anya for putting
up with daddy being stuck to his laptop for long periods of time
instead of playing with them.
About the Reviewers
Luca Masini was born in Florence in 1971. He is a senior software engineer and
web architect. He has been heavily involved from the first days in the Java world as
a consultant for the major Italian banks and firms, developing integration software,
and as technical leader in many of the flagship projects. He worked for adoption of
Sun's J2EE standard in an envinroment where COBOL was the leading language,
and then he shifted his eyes toward open source, in particular IoC containers, ORM
tools, and UI frameworks. As such he adopted early products like Spring, Hibernate,
and Struts, giving customers a technlogical advantage. During last year he fell in love
with GWT (of course !!) and he had to master a new project all done with Oracle's
ADF Faces and JDeveloper as Visual IDE.
I want to thank my son Jacopo for being my lovely son and my wife
for being the best wife a man can dream.
[ ii ]
Table of Contents
[ iii ]
Preface
The client-server architecture has undergone a vast change over a short period of
time. Earlier, each application had a different client software, with the software
serving as the UI. This software had to be installed individually on every client,
and needed to be updated every time we made changes to the application. We
moved from that to the web era and deploying applications on the Internet, and
then Internet enabled us to use the omnipresent web browser for accessing our
applications from anywhere. This was a sea change, but we still had issues of
performance and applications not having the same feel or responsiveness as desktop
applications. Enter AJAX, and now we can build web pages that can rival a desktop
application in responsiveness and nifty looks. AJAX underpins the current trend in
developing applications for the Internet known as Web 2.0. In order to build Ajaxified
applications you need to know HTML, XML, and JavaScript at the very least.
The Google Web Toolkit (GWT) makes it even easier to design an AJAX application
using just the Java programming language. It is an open-source Java development
framework and its best feature is that we don't have to worry too much about
incompatibilities between web browsers and platforms. In GWT, we write the code
in Java and then GWT converts it into browser-compliant JavaScript and HTML.
This helps a lot, because we can stop worrying about modular programming. It
provides a programming framework that is similar to that used by developers
building Java applications using one of the GUI toolkits such as Swing, AWT, or
SWT. GWT provides all the common user-interface widgets, listeners to react to
events happening in the widgets, and ways to combine them into more complex
widgets to do things that the GWT team may never have envisioned! Moreover,
it makes reusing chunks of program easy. This greatly reduces the number of
different technologies that you will need to master. If you know Java, then you can
use your favorite IDE (we use Eclipse in this book) to write and debug an AJAX
GWT application in Java. Yes, that means you can actually put breakpoints in your
code and debug seamlessly from the client side to the server side. You can deploy
your applications in any servlet container, create and run unit tests, and essentially
develop GWT applications like any Java application. So start reading this book, fire
up Eclipse, and enter the wonderful world of AJAX and GWT programming!
Preface
In this book, we will start with downloading and installing GWT and walk through
the creation, testing, debugging, and deployment of GWT applications. We will be
creating a lot of highly interactive and fun user interfaces. We will also customize
widgets and use JSNI to integrate GWT with other libraries such as Rico and Moo.
fx. We will also learn to create our own custom widgets, and create a calendar and
a weather widget. We will explore the I18N and XML support in GWT, create unit
tests, and finally learn how to deploy GWT applications to a servlet container such
as Tomcat. This book uses a typical task-based pattern, where we first show how to
implement a task and then explain its working.
Chapter 2 deals with creation of a new GWT application from scratch, and using the
Eclipse IDE with GWT projects, creating a new AJAX Random Quotes application,
and running the new application.
Chapter 4 deals with using GWT to build simple interactive user interfaces. The
samples included in this chapter are live search, auto fillable forms, sortable tables,
dynamic lists, and a flickr-style editable label.
Chapter 5 introduces some of the more advanced features of GWT to build more
complex user interfaces. The samples included in this chapter are pageable tables,
editable tree nodes, a simple log spy, sticky notes, and a jigsaw puzzle.
Chapter 7 deals with creating custom GWT widgets. The samples included in this
chapter are a calendar widget and a weather widget.
Chapter 8 concerns itself with creating and running unit tests for GWT services
and applications.
Chapter 10 includes the deployment of GWT applications using both Ant and Eclipse.
[]
Preface
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of styles of text that distinguish between
different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an
explanation of their meaning.
There are three styles for code. Code words in text are shown as follows:
"The GWT_HOME directory contains a samples folder with seven applications."
When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the
relevant lines or items will be made bold:
calendarPanel.add(calendarGrid);
calendarPanel.add(todayButton);
[]
Preface
Reader Feedback
Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about
this book, what you liked or may have disliked. Reader feedback is important for us
to develop titles that you really get the most out of.
If there is a book that you need and would like to see us publish, please send
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Customer Support
Now that you are the proud owner of a Packt book, we have a number of things to
help you to get the most from your purchase.
[]
Preface
Errata
Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our contents, mistakes
do happen. If you find a mistake in one of our books—maybe a mistake in text or
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Questions
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some aspect of the book, and we will do our best to address it.
[]
Getting Started
The Google Web Toolkit (GWT) is a revolutionary way to build Asynchronous
JavaScript and XML (AJAX) applications that are comparable in responsiveness and
look and feel to desktop applications.
• An introduction to GWT
• Downloading GWT
• Exploring the GWT samples
• The GWT License
Introduction to GWT
AJAX applications are great for creating web applications that are highly interactive
and provide a great user experience, while being comparable to desktop applications
in functionality, without the hassle of downloading or installing anything.
AJAX applications combine XML data interchange along with HTML and CSS for
styling the interface, the XMLHttpRequest object for asynchronous communication
with the server application, and JavaScript for dynamic interaction with the
provided data. This enables one to build applications that are part of the Web 2.0
revolution—web applications that rival a desktop application in responsiveness.
We can build web pages using AJAX to communicate with the server in the
background, without reloading the page. We can even replace different sections of
the displayed web page without refreshing the page. AJAX, finally enables us to take
the traditional desktop-oriented applications, such as word processors, spreadsheets,
and drawing programs, and serve them to users via the Web.
Getting Started
The GWT provides a Java-based development environment that enables you to build
AJAX applications using the Java language. It encapsulates the XMLHttpRequest
object API, and minimizes the cross-browser issues. So, you can quickly and
efficiently build AJAX applications without worrying too much about tailoring
your code to work in various browsers. It allows you to leverage the Standard
Widget Toolkit (SWT) or Swing style programming by providing a framework
that enables you to combine widgets into user interfaces. This is a great way to
improve productivity and shorten your development time lines, by leveraging
your knowledge of the Java programming language and your familiarity with the
event-based interface development framework.
GWT provides a set of ready-to-use user interface widgets that you can immediately
utilize to create new applications. It also provides a simple way to create innovative
widgets by combining the existing ones. You can use the Eclipse IDE to create,
debug, and unit-test your AJAX applications. You can build RPC services to
provide certain functionalities that can be accessed asynchronously from your
web applications easily using the GWT RPC framework. GWT enables you to
integrate easily with servers written in other languages, so you can quickly enhance
your applications to provide a much better user experience by utilizing the
AJAX framework.
Basic Download
We are going to download GWT and its prerequisites, install them to the hard disk,
and then run one of the sample applications shipped with the GWT distribution to
ensure that it works correctly.
[]
Chapter 1
Java 1.4.2 is the safest version of Java to use with GWT, as it is completely
compatible with this version, and you can be sure that your application
code will compile correctly. GWT also works with the two newer
versions of the Java platform—1.5 and 1.6; however, you will not be able
to use any of the newer features of the Java language introduced in these
versions in your GWT application code
2. Unzip the downloaded GWT distribution to your hard disk. It will create a
directory named gwt-windows-xxx on Windows and gwt-linux-xxx on
Linux, where xxx is the version number of the downloaded distribution.
We will refer to the directory that contains the unzipped distribution as
GWT_HOME. The GWT_HOME directory contains a samples folder with
seven applications.
[]
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