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Colloquial Irish 2
Colloquial Irish 2 is the ideal way to refresh your knowledge of the language and to extend
your skills from the beginner level to advanced beginner.

Structured to give you the opportunity to listen to and read plenty of modern, every-
day Irish, Colloquial Irish 2 builds on the skills acquired in Colloquial Irish by expanding
vocabulary, increasing awareness of grammar rules and building spoken fluency while
dealing with many of the same communicative themes. The popular Cois Fharraige dia-
lect from West Galway continues to be the main focus of the book.

With dialogues, vocabulary, grammatical explanations and cultural points based around
communicative themes, as well as free sound files online, recorded by native speakers of
the dialect, Colloquial Irish 2 provides everything the advanced beginner needs to take
their language skills to the next level. Free sound files, recorded by native speakers of the
dialect, are available at www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials.

Tomás Ó hÍde is Professor of Languages and Literatures at Lehman College, CUNY, USA.

Máire Ní Neachtain is Head of the Irish Department and Assistant Dean in the Faculty of
Arts at Mary Immaculate College in Limerick, Ireland.

Roslyn Blyn-LaDrew is Lecturer at Penn Language Center, University of Pennsylvania,

USA.

John Gillen is Assistant Professor in the Department of Natural Sciences, Hostos

Community College, CUNY, USA.
 THE COLLOQUIAL SERIES
Series Adviser: Gary King

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Chinese (Mandarin) Lithuanian Turkish
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Dutch Panjabi Welsh
English Persian Yiddish
Estonian Polish Yoruba
Finnish Portuguese
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COLLOQUIAL 2s series: The Next Step in Language Learning

Chinese Russian Irish

Dutch Spanish Italian
French Spanish of Latin America
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Colloquials are now supported by FREE AUDIO available online. All

audio tracks referenced within the text are free to stream or download
from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials.
Colloquial Irish 2

The Next Step in Language Learning

Tomás Ó hÍde, Máire Ní Neachtain,

Roslyn Blyn-LaDrew and John Gillen
First published 2020
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

© 2020 Tomás Ó hÍde, Máire Ní Neachtain, Roslyn Blyn-LaDrew and John

Gillen

The right of Tomás Ó hÍde, Máire Ní Neachtain, Roslyn Blyn-LaDrew and

John Gillen to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by
them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or

utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or

registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record has been requested for this book

ISBN: 978-0-367-20301-6 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-0-429-26074-2 (ebk)

Typeset in Sabon
by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India
Visit the companion website: www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials
Contents

Acknowledgement vi
Introduction vii
1 Ócáidí sóisialta: Social occasions 1
2 An teaghlach: The family 19
3 Caitheamh aimsire: Pastimes 36
4 Taisteal áitiúil: Local travel 53
5 Ag obair: Working 67
6 An deireadh seachtaine: The weekend 82
7 Bia, deoch agus comhrá: Food, drink and conversation 97
8 Sláinte: Health 114
9 Ag cur síos ar dhaoine eile: Describing others 127
10 Siopadóireacht éadaí: Shopping for clothes 142
11 Taisteal saoire: Holiday travel 159
12 Treoracha: Directions 177
13 Ordú is iarratas: Command and request 195
14 Fadó fadó: Long long ago 210

Index 219
Acknowledgement

A curriculum development grant was used to create the sound files at

An Tobar Fuaime studio in An Spidéal, County Galway. The authors
and publishers are sincerely grateful for support received from the
Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht and the Irish
National Lottery supported by the Ireland-United States Commission
for Educational Exchange (Fulbright Commission).
Introduction

This volume attempts to focus on the Irish language as it is spoken

in Cois Fharraige. This is one of several Irish-speaking communities
found in the west of County Galway. Cois Fharraige is the coastal
region on the north shore of Galway Bay that extends roughly west
of Galway City to the port village of Ros an Mhíl. Leaving Galway
City, one first encounters the villages of Bearna and Na Forbacha.
As Galway City has grown in population, more English-speakers
have taken up residence in these border villages. However, in the
next town west, An Spidéal, over two-thirds of the population are
Irish-speaking and use the language as a community language. When
reaching the western boundary of Cois Fharraige, the area near to
Ros an Mhíl, over five-sixths of the population use Irish as a commu-
nity language, speaking it at home and between neighbours.
At times in this volume, the authors wish to indicate that a dia-
lectal choice is not only true for Cois Fharraige, but can also be
witnessed throughout West Galway. ‘West Galway’ more generally
refers to an area that begins with the Lough Corrib catchment area
and extends west and includes the Aran Islands as well. Should the
authors wish to indicate that the dialectal variation can be seen in the
Irish-speaking regions of both County Galway and County Mayo,
the term ‘Connacht Irish’ is used. Connacht Irish is especially useful
as a term to point out differences in provincial dialects, contrasting
with Ulster Irish and Munster Irish.
The authors have intentionally not used the expression ‘Connemara
Irish’ to describe any dialect. The place name ‘Connemara’ or
‘Conamara’, in terms of geography, history and tourism, is used in a
variety of ways at present. In the most conservative use, it would not
include the local dialect, Cois Fharraige, but rather represent a dialect
to the west of Cois Fharraige. In more general terms, ‘Connemara’
has been recently used to represent the entire region from the west
of Galway City and Lough Corrib to the Atlantic Ocean (Iar-
Chonnacht). As a result of these varied uses, ‘Connemara Irish’ will
not be used in this volume as a descriptor.
As with the first volume in this series, Colloquial Irish 2 continues
following the Teastas Eorpach na Gaeilge syllabus. This book follows
viii    |   Introduction

Siollabas (A2), Bonnleibhéal 2, and therefore a student could take

the internationally recognised A2 (Bonnleibhéal 2) examination after
completing this book. That syllabus has been developed by Lárionad
na Gaeilge at Ollscoil Mhá Nuad (Maynooth University). For more
information, teaching materials and sample tests, visit www.teg.ie.
Students are encouraged to study carefully the materials in this
book while listening frequently to the sound files created for this vol-
ume. As you practice speaking the language out loud, there are now
valuable resources to assist with pronunciation. The online diction-
ary, www.teanglann.ie (which can be accessed from www.focloir.ie),
now includes a Pronunciation Database which includes sound files
for most dictionary words in each of the regional dialects. Students
working with this book should pick the ‘Connacht Dialect’ in the
Pronunciation Database. Additionally, there is a synthesiser located
on the Trinity College Dublin (University of Dublin) website, www.
abair.ie. Students can pick the ‘Connemara’ dialect, type in a sen-
tence in Irish, pick the speed of speech and then click on synthesise.
An up-to-date listing of these and many more online learning aids is
available by clicking ‘Irish language learning’ at the CUNY Institute
for Irish-American Studies website (www.lehman.edu/cunyiias).
As stated above, the chapters of Colloquial Irish 2 frequently refer
students to the dictionaries available at www.teanglann.ie. In addi-
tion to the dictionaries and the Pronunciation Database, conjuga-
tions of verbs in all tenses can be found in the Grammar Database.
Colloquial Irish 2 uses the second-person singular imperative when
referring to the base form of all verbs. There is one exception to this.
We often refer to the substantive ‘to be’ verb by its present tense form,
tá. In Colloquial Irish 2, students are asked to write sentences to
practice language skills. A useful grammar checker is currently avail-
able online at www.cadhan.com called An Gramadóir. The online
interface (Úsáid ar líne) permits students to check a few sentences at
a time and receive feedback.
The authors are extremely appreciative of the hundreds of stu-
dents from Lehman College-CUNY, Queens College-CUNY and
Manhattan College in New York City who have already studied
from various drafts of this material. Their feedback was extremely
beneficial as materials were modified to the needs of these learners.
The authors would also like to acknowledge Elaine Ní Bhraonáin,
Ailbhe Ní Ghearbhuigh, Eimear Ní Cheallaigh, Úna Ní Fhátharta,
Siobhán Ní Mhaolagáin, Madeleine Ní Ghallchobhair, Rhona Ní
Chearbhaill, Muireann Ní Chuív and Caoimhe Nic Giollarnáith who
taught Irish at CUNY over the past two decades as this curriculum
 Introduction   |    ix

was implemented. Many of the first takes of the dialogues in this

book were recorded by some of the above instructors for use with our
students. We acknowledge the valuable assistance that these Irish lan-
guage lecturers contributed to this book project. Lastly, the authors
express sincere thanks to the individuals from Cois Fharraige whose
voices can be heard on the published version of the sound files for
Colloquial Irish 2. The native speakers recorded for this volume are
Caitríona Ní Dhomhnaill, Máire Ní Neachtain, Mike Ó Conaola
and Josie Ó Cualáin. The narrator is Mícheál Mac Lochlainn.
1 ÓCÁIDÍ SÓISIALTA
Social occasions

In this chapter, we will look at:

ZZ expressing introductions and greetings

ZZ excusing yourself and saying goodbye
ZZ expressing opinions
ZZ talking about the weather
ZZ using the copula and the substantive
ZZ using the past tense

   Dialogue 1 (Audio 1:2)

An chóisír

Áine: Dia dhuit, a Phádraigín. Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú?

Pádraigín: Tá mé go breá. Agus tú féin?
Áine: Go maith, go raibh maith agat. An bhfuil tú ag baint
taitnimh as an gcóisir?
Pádraigín: Tá. Tá sé thar barr. Tá an ceol thar cionn, nach bhfuil?
Áine: Tá. Tá sé go hiontach. Ach tá an bia go dona, nach bhfuil?
Pádraigín: Níl sé ródhona.

Note: The translation is located at the end of the chapter.

If you previously used Colloquial Irish, you may have read the
‘Dialect Appendix’ on pages 190–199 of that book. In Colloquial
Irish 2, we will remind learners of those dialectal differences and
introduce new ones directly in the text, offset in boxes. The dia-
logues in this book are in Connacht Irish. One dialectal difference
that can be pointed out in reference to the above dialogue concerns
2    |   Ócáidí sóisialta

Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú? In Ulster, speakers say Cad é mar atá tú? (pro-
nounced Goidé mar tá tú?). In Munster, speakers say Conas atá tú?

Starting with weather (Audio 1:3)

When we first meet others at a social occasion, we might begin by
making a comment about the weather. This is especially the case on
islands where the weather changes frequently, such as Ireland and
Britain.

Tá lá bog ann. It’s a soft [light rain] day.

Tá sé fliuch, ceart go leor. It is wet, sure enough.
Tá drochlá ann. It’s a bad day [weatherwise].
Níl sé fliuch, ach tá sé meirbh. It is not wet, but it is close [humid].
Tá sé fuar. It is cold.

Of course there are dozens of words to describe the weather. You

can hear many of these words when watching TG4 live following the
news or when listening to the news on the radio. Visit www.tg4.ie
to learn more about the Irish language TV station. One of the radio
stations that would have frequent weather reports is RTÉ Raidió na
Gaeltachta. Access that radio station at www.rte.ie/rnag/.

Excusing yourself (Audio 1:4)

When we are late to a social gathering, there are many ways to express
sorrow for tardiness.

Tá brón orm go bhfuil mé deireanach. Sorry that I am late.

Bhí an trácht an-trom. The traffic was very heavy.
Tá tú ceart go leor. Ná bí buartha. You are okay. Don’t worry.
Is cuma. Fadhb ar bith. It doesn’t matter. No
problem.

Although the adjective deireanach for late (and last) is taught here
for Cois Fharraige Irish, déanach (late/last) can also be heard in this
and other dialects. The vocabulary word mall can also be used for
 Ócáidí sóisialta   |    3

late in both Connacht and Ulster Irish; in Munster Irish, however,

mall is more often used for slow than for late.

Cleachtadh 1/Exercise 1

Cén chaoi a bhfuil an aimsir? How is the weather? Write complete

sentences for each region using the terms provided. See page 145 in
Colloquial Irish or www.focloir.ie for vocabulary.
Example: Grianmhar + san iarthar (in the west) – Tá sé grianmhar
san iarthar.

1. Tréimhsí gréine + san iarthuaisceart (in the northwest):

2. Ag cur báistí + i lár na tíre (in the centre of the country):
3. Scamallach + sa deisceart (in the south):

Weather extremes
Ireland is the ‘Emerald Isle’ in part because of its mild temperatures;
it is one of the places around the world with a maritime climate.
The island usually does not experience a deep freeze in the winter
nor a drought in the summer. As a result most homes were not tra-
ditionally equipped for these extremes. Air conditioning on average
would only be useful for a few days a year and is therefore often
not required. Hoodies and raincoats are necessary at times in sum-
mer. Additionally, the need to insulate pipes against freezing has only
recently been considered. Many plants that die in the winter in other
climates continue to grow year after year in Ireland. An example of
this is the fuchsia (fiúise), a flowering plant that grows to be a bush
or hedge in Ireland.
Homes in areas like West Galway are built to withstand local
weather challenges such as rain and high winds in ways that homes
in other parts of the world are not. For example, homes are not com-
monly built using a wooden frame. The roofs are usually made of
roof tiles or other heavy products such as slates to withstand high
winds in ways that composition shingles could not.
The noted change in weather patterns around the world attributed
to global warming has been felt in Ireland too in recent years. If you
are having a hard time deciding which weather vocabulary to spend
4    |   Ócáidí sóisialta

the most time learning, however, words pertaining to mild weather

and rain will always be helpful on a trip to Ireland.

Have you already met Máire? (Audio 1:5)

When asked if you already know someone or have already met some-
one, you can reply indicating if you have met yet and follow that
with a greeting such as Dia dhuit!, Haigh!, or Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú?
Notice if you want to say ‘Yes. We met…’ we use the verb twice, as
previously explained in Colloquial Irish, the echoing of a verb (Chas.
Chas muid…).

Ar chas tú le Máire cheana?

Have you already met Máire?
Níor chas. Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú, a Mháire?
No [I haven’t already met her]. How are you, Máire?
Chas. Chas muid le chéile ag an gclub leabhar.
Yes. We met together at the book club.

Another way to ask if someone already knows someone else is the

expression An bhfuil aithne agat ar… Literally, we are asking a per-
son if they are ‘acquainted’ with or have ‘knowledge’ of another
person.

An bhfuil aithne agat ar Ailbhe? Do you know Ailbhe?

Tá, tá aithne agam uirthi. Yes, I know her.

The use of the verb cas for meet is typical of Connacht Irish. In
Munster Irish, in contrast, the verb buail le is often used to mean
meet.

Buaileann sé lena mhuintir go minic. He meets with his (extended)

family often.

Are you Liam’s brother? (Audio 1:6)

In socialising, you might need to identify a person by relating them to
others whom you know. This is an issue of identity so we use the copula,
 Ócáidí sóisialta   |    5

one of the ‘to be’ verbs, with the following forms in the present: is, ní,
an and nach. Recall that we use tá for more temporary situations with
the meaning of ‘to be’, and we use is for more permanent descriptions.

An tusa deartháir Liam? Are you (emphasised) Liam’s

brother?
Ní mé. I am not.
An tusa cara Chlár? Are you (emphasised) Clár’s
friend?
Is mé. Bhí muid ag an scoil le chéile. I am. We attended school
together.
Nach tusa col ceathrar Áine? Aren’t you Áine’s cousin?

Verb forms followed by the separate pronoun are common in

Connacht Irish for the first-person plural as in bhí muid. However,
bhíomar for the first-person plural can still be heard in some parts
of Connacht and is the preferred form in Munster. The same is true
for the third-person plural, bhí siad, which can be seen as bhíodar.
Standard Official Irish recommends bhíomar for the first-person
plural and bhí siad for the third-person plural.

Are you enjoying the party? (Audio 1:7)

The term used to ask about how someone is enjoying a party or vaca-
tion is taitneamh, ‘enjoyment’. We can use this noun in the phrase
bain taitneamh as, ‘gain enjoyment from’. Ar bhain tú taitneamh as
do laethanta saoire?, ‘Did you enjoy your vacation?’ To ask someone if
they are enjoying a party at present, you would need to use the phrase,
An bhfuil tú ag…? The verbal noun of bain is baint. We use the verbal
noun after ag in the phrase. Note also that after ag baint and any other
such phrase with the verbal noun, we must use the genitive form of the
noun. Therefore taitneamh will be spelt taitnimh in its genitive form.

An bhfuil tú ag baint taitnimh

as an gcóisir? Are you enjoying the party?
Tá. Tá sí go hiontach. Yes. It is great.
Tá. Tá an chóisir thar cionn! Yes. The party is excellent.
Níl mé. Tá sí leadránach. No. It is boring.
6    |   Ócáidí sóisialta

Níl mé ag baint taitnimh aisti

ar chor ar bith. I am not enjoying it at all.
Ní raibh craic ná spraoi ann. There was no fun to be had.

Another expression often seen in official publications to express

‘satisfaction’ and ‘enjoyment’ in Irish is sult (m., gs., suilt).

Tá muid ag baint suilt as na

himeachtaí. We are enjoying the events.
Bainigí sult as Lá Fhéile
Pádraig. Enjoy St. Patrick’s Day.

Cleachtadh 2/Exercise 2

Write the excuses below in the correct order.

1. ar mé an bhfón bhí         

2. bhí sa teach mé tábhairne         
3. chas m’aintín mé le         
4. an mall bhí bus         
5. bpictiúrlann bhí sa mé         
6. na gasúir bhailigh ón mé scoil         
7. deireanach an bhí traein         
8. deireanach bhí ag obair mé go         

Cleachtadh 3/Exercise 3

Séamus, Eimear agus Ailbhe. Photo by Tomás Ó hÍde.

 Ócáidí sóisialta   |    7

Look at this picture of three people at a party. Write down a

conversation between them. Here are a few sentences that you can
use.

•• Ar chas tú le Séamus?
•• Níor chas. Deas casadh leat, a Shéamuis.
•• Ar chas tú le hEimear?
•• Chas. Chas muid le chéile ag an gclub leabhar.
•• An bhfuil aithne agat ar Ailbhe?
•• Tá, tá aithne agam uirthi. Dia dhuit, a Ailbhe.
•• Tá sé fliuch, ceart go leor.
•• Tá drochlá ann.
•• Tá sé fuar.
•• Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú, a Ailbhe?
•• An bhfuil tú go maith?

Cleachtadh 4/Exercise 4

Look at the chart below. Who are Áine’s family and friends? Give an
answer for each question.

Example: Haigh, a Eoin! An tusa deartháir Áine?

Is mé. Is í Áine mo dheirfiúr

1. A Ghearailt, an tusa cara Áine?

2. A Shíle, an tusa cara Áine?
3. Dia dhuit, a Ghobnait. Nach tusa comharsa Áine?
4. A Thaidhg, an tusa col ceathrar Áine?
5. A Nuala, nach tusa deirfiúr Áine?
8    |   Ócáidí sóisialta

Cleachtadh 5/Exercise 5

An bhfuil tú ag baint taitnimh as an gcóisir?

Place an answer according to each face (éadan).

   Dialogue 2 (Audio 1:8)

An teach tábhairne
Caitríona and Dáithí meet up at O’Neill’s Tavern on Third Avenue
in Manhattan where there is a traditional Irish music session on
Saturday evenings.

Caitríona: Tá an seisiún go maith, nach bhfuil?

Dáithí: Tá. Tá sé thar cionn.
Caitríona: An bhfuil tart ort? An ólfá deoch? Beidh buidéal Magners
agamsa.
Dáithí: D’ólfainn. Tá tart orm. Ólfaidh mé cupán tae. Ní ólaim
deochanna meisciúla.
Caitríona: Sláinte! Agus Lá’l Vailintín sona dhuit!
Dáithí: Agus dhuit féin! Tá an tae sin go breá. […]
Caitríona: Caithfidh mé imeacht go luath. Tá orm éirí ag a sé maidin
amárach.
Dáithí: Céard a bheas tú a dhéanamh chomh luath sin ar maidin?
Caitríona: Bím ag siúlóid chuile Dhomhnach le grúpa beag i sléibhte
Catskill.
Dáithí: Bhuel, slán leat mar sin! Slán abhaile!
Caitríona: Slán agat!
 Ócáidí sóisialta   |    9

Note: The translation is located at the end of the chapter.

In the expression Lá Fhéile Vailintín, the word féile (feast day) is

often contracted. In the above dialogue it appears as ‘l. It can also
be seen as ‘le as in Lá ‘le Pádraig (St. Patrick’s Day).

Expressing an opinion (Audio 1:9)

We often find ourselves expressing opinions while at social occa-
sions to see if others agree or disagree with us. Here are some
examples.

Tá an seisiún go maith, nach bhfuil?

The session is good, isn’t it?
Tá. Tá sé thar cionn.
Yes. It is excellent.
Tá Johnny Connolly ar fheabhas ar an mbosca ceoil.
Johnny Connolly is terrific on the accordion.
Is breá liom é. Tá a dhlúthdhiosca An Mileoidean Scaoilte agam.
I love him (he is fine with me). I have his CD An Mileoidean
Scaoilte.
Bíonn an-oíche ann i dTigh Hughes i gcónaí.
There is always a great evening in Tigh Hughes (pub in An
Spidéal).
Bíonn go deimhin!
There is, indeed!

We cannot list all possibilities here, but it is important to remember

that as we agree or disagree with those with whom we are speaking,
we will usually respond back with the same verb (as that which was
used in the original opinion). For example, if a statement is made
with ‘bíonn’ as above, the response will usually be ‘bíonn’ if we
agree or ‘ní bhíonn’ if we disagree. Recall the difference between is
and tá.

An bhfuil an seisiún go maith? Is the session good?

- Tá.   (It) is.
- Níl.   (It) isn’t.
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