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EUROPEAN COMPETITION LAW ANNUAL 2007:

A Reformed Approach to Article 82 EC

EUROPEAN COMPETITION LAW ANNUAL:
2007
A Reformed Approach to Article 82 EC

Edited by

Claus-Dieter Ehlermann

and

Mel Marquis

OXFORD AND PORTLAND OREGON

2008
 Published in North America (US and Canada) by
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 1 2 T H A N N UA L E U C O M P E T I T I O N L AW
AND POLICY WORKSHOP:
A REFORCED APPROACH
TO ARTICLE 82 EC

Chairs

Giuliano Amato, European University Institute—Florence

John Fingleton, Office of Fair Trading—London
Massimo Motta, European University Institute—Florence
Heike Schweitzer, European University Institute—Florence

List of Participants

Rafael Allendesalazar Corcho, Martínez Lage & Asociados—Madrid

Simon Bishop, RBB Economics—London
William Blumenthal, U.S. Federal Trade Commission—Washington, DC
Jochen Burrichter, Hengeler Müller—Düsseldorf
Andrea Coscelli, CRA International—London
Claus-Dieter Ehlermann, WilmerHale—Brussels
Einer Elhauge, Harvard Law School
Amelia Fletcher, Office of Fair Trading—London
Ian Forrester, White and Case—Brussels
Eleanor Fox, New York University School of Law
Damien Geradin, University of Tilburg; Howrey—Brussels
David Gerber, Chicago-Kent College of Law—Chicago
Cal Goldman, Blake, Cassels & Graydon—Toronto
Martin Hellwig, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods—
Bonn
Judge Frédéric Jenny, Cour de Cassation and ESSEC Business School—
Paris; OFT—London
Philip Lowe, DG Competition—Brussels
Mel Marquis, Robert Schuman Centre, EUI—Florence
Doug Melamed, WilmerHale—Washington DC
David Meyer, U.S. Department of Justice—Washington DC
Damien Neven, DG Competition—Brussels
x List of Participants

Robert O’Donoghue, Brick Court Chambers—London & Brussels

Atilano Jorge Padilla, LECG, Brussels—London and Madrid
Mark Patterson, Fordham University School of Law—New York; EUI—
Florence
Emil Paulis, DG Competition—Brussels
Pierre Régibeau, University of Essex
Patrick Rey, University of Toulouse
Lars-Hendrik Röller, European School of Management and Technology—
Berlin
Mario Siragusa, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton—Rome
Marc van der Woude, Stibbe—Brussels
Jim Venit, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom—Brussels
Sir John Vickers, University of Oxford
Daniel Zimmer, University of Bonn
 CONTENTS

List of Sponsors v
List of Participants ix
Table of Cases xv

INTRODUCTION xxv

SESSION ONE: BROAD COMPARISON OF MONOPOLIZATION

UNDER SECTION 2 OF THE SHERMAN ACT AND ABUSE
OF A DOMINANT POSITION UNDER ARTICLE 82 1

PANEL I 3
PART ONE: THE OBJECTIVES OF COMPETITION POLICY: PROTECTING
CONSUMERS, PROTECTING THE COMPETITIVE PROCESS, FOSTERING
EFFICIENCY?
EFFICIENCY VERSUS FAIRNESS: HOW RELEVANT REMAINS
ORDOLIBERALISM?
Discussion, part one 3
PART TWO: PARALLELS AND DIFFERENCES IN THE ATTITUDES
TOWARDS AND RULES REGARDING MARKET POWER: WHAT ARE
THE REASONS?
Discussion, part two 14
Written Contributions
I David Gerber: The Future of Article 82: Dissecting the
Conflict 37
II Christian Ahlborn and Jorge Padilla: From Fairness to
Welfare: Implications for the Assessment of Unilateral
Conduct under EC Competition Law 55
III Daniel Zimmer: On Fairness and Welfare: The Objectives
of Competition Policy (A comment on papers
by Gerber and by Ahlborn & Padilla) 103
IV Eleanor Fox: The Market Power Element of Abuse of
Dominance—Parallels and Differences in Attitudes—
US and EU 109
V Heike Schweitzer: The History, Interpretation and
Underlying Principles of Section 2 Sherman Act and
Article 82 EC 119
VI Jim Venit: Cooperation, Initiative and Regulation—
A Cross Cultural Inquiry 165
xii Contents

PANEL II 191
PART ONE: A REFORMED APPROACH TO ARTICLE 82 AND THE US
PRACTICE: AN OVERALL APPRECIATION
Discussion, part one 193
PART TWO: A REFORMED APPROACH TO ARTICLE 82: THE IMPACT
ON PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT
Discussion, part two 201
Written Contributions
I David Meyer: The Development and Communication of
Competition Law Standards Applicable to Single-Firm
Exclusionary Conduct: A Perspective Based on U.S.
Experience 223
II John Vickers: Speaking Note 237
III Jochen Burrichter: A Reformed Approach to Article 82:
The Impact on Private Enforcement 243

SESSION TWO: A REFORMED APPROACH TO

EXCLUSIONARY CONDUCT 255

PANEL III 255

PART ONE: APPRECIABILITY: WHEN CAN IT BE SAID THAT A REBATE
PROGRAMME CAUSES SIGNIFICANT ANTICOMPETITIVE FORECLOSURE?
Discussion, part one 257
PART TWO: A REFORMED APPROACH TO EXCLUSIONARY CONDUCT
Discussion, part two 274
Written Contributions
I Simon Bishop: Loyalty Rebates and “Merger
Standards”: A roadmap for the practical assessment
of Article 82 investigations 287
II Rafael Allendesalazar: Can We Finally Say Farewell
to the “Special Responsibility” of Dominant Companies? 319
III Robert O’Donoghue: Verbalizing a General Test for
Exclusionary Conduct under Article 82 EC 327
PANEL IV 359
PART ONE:EFFICIENCY AND ANTICOMPETITIVE EFFECTS OF TYING
Discussion, part one 361
PART TWO: WHAT IS THE RIGHT TEST FOR EXCLUSIVE DEALING?
Discussion, part two 367
Written Contributions
I Andrea Coscelli and Geoff Edwards: Efficiency and
Anticompetitive Effects of Tying 389
 Contents xiii

II Patrick Rey: On the Right Test for Exclusive Dealing 421

III Doug Melamed: Thoughts about Exclusive Dealing 433
IV Cal Goldman, Navin Joneja and Elisabeth Yuh: A
Canadian Perspective on Tied Selling and Exclusive
Dealing 445
SESSION THREE: EXPLOITATIVE CONDUCT AND THE
REMEDIES 475
PANEL V 475
PART ONE:EXPLOITATIVE CONDUCT
Discussion, part one 477
PART TWO: THE INTERFACE BETWEEN REGULATION, ANTITRUST
AND CONSUMER PROTECTION LEGISLATION. REMEDIES: IS PRICE
REGULATION THE ANSWER?
Discussion, part two 484
Written Contributions
I Emil Paulis: Article 82 and Exploitative Conduct 515
II Lars-Hendrik Röller: Exploitative Abuses 525
III Amelia Fletcher and Alina Jardine: Towards an
Appropriate Policy for Excessive Pricing 533
IV Ian Forrester: Sector-Specific Price Regulation or
Antitrust Regulation—A Plague on Both Your Houses? 547
V Bill Blumenthal: Discussant Comments on Exploitative
Abuses under Article 82 EC 575
PANEL VI 581
PART ONE:EXCESSIVE PRICES IN ENERGY MARKETS
Discussion, part one 583
PART TWO: THE (COMPLEX) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTICLE 82(A)
AND IP LAW
Discussion, part two 593
PART THREE: OVERALL CONCLUSIONS
Discussion, part three 609
Written Contributions
I Marc van der Woude: Unfair and Excessive Prices
in the Energy Sector 617
II Mario Siragusa: Excessive Prices in Energy Markets:
Some Unorthodox Thoughts 643
III Pierre Régibeau: The (Complex?) Relationship between
Article 82(a) and Intellectual Property Rights 651
IV Damien Geradin: Abusive Pricing in an IP Licensing
Context: An EC Competition Law Analysis 671
xiv Contents

V Mark R. Patterson: The Peculiar “New Product”

Requirement in Europ ean Refusal to License Cases:
A US Perspective 705

OVERALL CONCLUSIONS
Philip Lowe: Concluding Remarks 723
BIBLIOGRAPHY 729
 TABLE OF CASES

I. Judgments of the European Courts

Joined Cases C-204/00 P et al., Aalborg Portland A/S and Others v

Commission [2004] ECR I-123.................................................................. lxxix, 351
Case C-89/85, Ahlström Osakeyhtiö and Others [1993] ECR I-1307 ...................... 105
Case 66/86, Ahmed Saeed Flugreisen and SilverLine Reisebüro GmbH v Zentrale
zur Bekämpfung unlauteren Wettbewerbs eV [1989] ECR 803 ................. lxxvii, 145
Case T-342/99, Airtours v Commission [2002] ECR II-2585 .................................. 111
Case C-109/01, Secretary of State for the Home Department v Akrich [2003] ECR
I-9607 ............................................................................................................ xxxiv
Case C-62/86, AKZO Chemie BV v Commission [1991] ECR
I-3359 ....................................................... xxxv, lxiii, 70–1, 151–2, 154, 330–1, 338
Case C-67/96, Albany International BV v Stichting Bedriffspensioenfonds
Textielindustrie [1999] ECR I-5751 ............................................................ xl, cxxvi
Joined Cases T-191 and T-212/98 to T-214/98, Atlantic Container Line and
Others v Commission [2003] ECR II-3275 ...................... xlii, 72, 141, 264, 322, 351
Case 41/96, Bayer AG v Commission [2000] ECR II-3383 ..................................... 696
Case 127/73, Belgische Radio en Televisie (BRT) v SV SABAM and NV Fonior
[1974] ECR 313 ...................................................................................... lxxviii, 615
Case 77/77, Benzine en Petroleum Handelsmaatschappij BV and others v
Commission [1978] ECR 1513 ........................................................................... 346
Case 30/87, Corinne Bodson v Pompes funèbres des régions libérées [1988]
ECR 2479 ........................................................................... 145, 568, 624, 684, 688
Case T-65/89, BPB Industries and British Gypsum Ltd v Commission
[1993] ECR II-389; upheld on appeal: Case C-310/93 P, [1995]
ECR I-865 ...................................................................................... 174–5, 264, 322
Case C-427/93, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Others v Paranova [1996] ECR I-3457;
Case C-267/95 Merck and Others v Primecrown and Others [1996]
ECR I-6285 ...................................................................................................... 495
Case T-219/99, British Airways v Commission [2003] ECR II-5917; upheld on
appeal: Case C-95/04 P, [2007] ECR I-2331 ................ lxxi, lxvii, lxxii, lxxvii, lxxxi,
lxxxiii, 28, 57, 73, 82, 88, 103–5, 140–42, 176, 197, 242, 250, 259, 265–8
Case 226/84, British Leyland Plc v Commission [1986] ECR 3263 .... 74, 145, 568, 625
Case C-125/97, Eco Swiss China Time Ltd v Benetton International NV
[1999] ECR I-3055 ............................................................................................ xliv
Case C-7/97, Oscar Bronner GmbH & Co KG v Mediaprint Zeitungs- und
Zeitschriftenverlag GmbH & Co KG, Mediaprint Zeitungsvertriebsgesellschaft
mbH & Co KG and Mediaprint Anzeigengesellschaft mbH & Co KG
[1998] ECR I-7791 .................................................... xlvi–xlvii, 82, 156–9, 176, 338
Case C-258/98, Giovanni Carra and Others [2000] ECR I-4217 ............................. 356
Case 311/84, Centre belge d’études de marché/Télémarketing (CBEM) v SA
Compagnie luxembourgeoise de télédiffusion (CLT) and Information
publicité Benelux (IPB) [1985] ECR 3261 ................................................. 346, 356
xvi Table of Cases

Joined Cases C-94/04 and C-202/04, Cipolla and Macrino [2006] ECR
I-11421 .................................................................................................. xxxiv, xcix
Joined Cases T-24/93, T-25/93, T-26/93, and T-28/93, Compagnie Maritime
Belge Transports SA and Others v Commission [1996] ECR II-1201, upheld:
Joined Cases C-395/96 P and C-396/96 P, Compagnie Maritime Belge
Transports SA and Others v Commission [2000] ECR I-1365 ............................. 330
Case 53/87, Consorzio italiano della componentistica di ricambio per autoveicoli
and Maxicar v Régie nationale des usines Renault [1988] ECR 6039 .................. 356
Joined Cases 56 and 58/64, Consten and Grundig v Commission [1966]
ECR 299 ..................................................................................................... 27, 214
Case 6/72, “Continental Can” [1973] ECR 215 .................................. xliv, xlv, 11, 19,
104, 123, 138–40, 142, 145, 161, 175, 461, 499, 515–6
Cases 40/73 to 48/73, 50/73, 54/73 to 56/73, 111/73, 113/73 and 114/73,
Coöperatieve Vereniging “Suiker Unie” UA and Others v Commission
[1975] ECR 1663 ..................................................................... 105, 175–6, 331, 356
Case C-18/93, Corsica Ferries Italia Srl v Corpo dei Piloti del Porto di
Genova [1994] ECR I-1783................................................................................. 701
Case C-453/99, Courage Ltd v Bernard Crehan [2001]
ECR I-6297 ...................................................... lxii, lxxi, 201, 243, 245–6, 252, 280
Case T-151/01, Der Grüne Punkt – Duales System Deutschland GmbH v
Commission [2007] ECR II-1607, on appeal: Case C-385/07, not yet decided .... 643
Case T-229/94, Deutsche Bahn AG v Commission [1997] ECR II-1689 .................. 701
Case 78/70, Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft mbH v Metro-SB-Großmärkte
GmbH & Co KG [1971] ECR 487 ............................................................... 346, 684
Case T-271/03, Deutsche Telekom AG v Commission, judgment of the Court
of First Instance of 10 April 2008, not yet reported ..........................................lxxv
Case C-63/93, Duff and Others v Minister for Agriculture and Food and Attorney
General [1996] ECR I-569 ................................................................................. 358
Case T-340/03, France Télécom v Commission [2007] ECR II-107; on appeal:
Case C-202/07, not yet decided ....................................... 8, 111, 151, 322, 324, 349
Case T-210/01, General Electric v Commission [2005] ECR II-5575 ...................... 182
Case 26/75, General Motors Continental NV v Commission [1975]
ECR 1367 .......................................................................................... 146, 499, 643
Case C-313/99, Gerard Mulligan and Others v Agriculture and Food, Ireland
and Attorney General [2002] ECR I-5719 ...................................................... 357–8
Case T-168/01, GlaxoSmithKline Services v Commission [2006] ECR II-2969;
on appeal: Cases C-501/06, C-513/06, C-515/06 and C-519/06,
not yet decided .................................................... xxxi, lxxix, 22, 25, 27–8, 63, 174,
242, 367, 381, 383, 421, 605–6, 720
Case C-250/92, Gøttrup-Klim Grovvareforeninger v Dansk Landbrugs
Grovvareselskab AmbA [1994] ECR I-5641 ..................................... xxxix, 105, 585
Case C-242/95, GT-Link v DSB [1997] ECR I-4449 .............................................. 145
Case C-10/89, SA CNL-SUCAL NV v HAG GF AG (“ Hag II”) [1990]
ECR I-3711 .................................................................................................... xxxiv
Case T-30/89, Hilti AG v Commission [1991] ECR II-1439; upheld on appeal:
Case C-53/92, [1994] ECR I-667 ....................................................................... 378
Case 85/76, Hoffmann-La Roche and Co AG v Commission
[1979] ECR 461 .................... 15, 60, 70, 72, 140–41, 161, 174–6, 300, 331, 382, 676
 Table of Cases xvii

Case C-41/90, Klaus Höfner and Fritz Elsner v Macrotron GmbH

[1991] ECR I-1979 ............................................................................................ 356
Case T-209/01, Honeywell v Commission [2005] ECR II-5527 ......................... 34, 182
Case 22/78, Hugin Kassaregister AB v Commssion [1979] ECR 1869 .................... 111
Case T-184/01 R, IMS Health Inc. v Commission (interim measures) [2001]
ECR II-3193, upheld: Case C-481/01 P(R), NDC Health Corp. [2002]
ECR I-3401 ...................................................................................................... 705
Case C-418/01, IMS Health v NDC Health [2004] ECR
I-5039 ....................................... xlvii, cxxiv, 159, 175, 521, 705, 707–13, 718–9, 721
Joined Cases 6/73 and 7/73, Istituto Chemioterapico Italiano and Commercial
Solvents v Commission [1974] ECR 223 ............................................................. 176
Zoja/CSC–ICI (“Commercial Solvents”) [1972] OJ L299/51 ............................ 566–9
Case C-438/05, International Transport Workers’ Federation and Finnish
Seaman’s Union v Viking Line ABP and OÜ Viking Line Eesti [2007]
ECR I-10779 ................................................................................................ xl, xliv
Case T-228/97, Irish Sugar v Commission [1999] ECR II-2969; upheld on appeal:
Case C-497/99, [2001] ECR I-5333 .................................. 174–5, 265, 282, 322, 346
Case 13/63, Italy v Commission [1963] ECR 165 ................................................... 698
Case 41/83, Italy v Commission (British Telecommunications) [1985]
ECR 873 ........................................................................................................... 356
Case T-111/96, ITT Promedia v Commission [1998] ECR II-2937 ................. 174, 357
Case C-55/96, Job Centre coop arl [1997] ECR I-7119 .......................................... 356
Case T-19/92, Groupement d’achat Edouard Leclerc v Commission [1996]
ECR II-1851 ..................................................................................................... 585
Case T-88/92, Groupement d’achat Edouard Leclerc v Commission [1996]
ECR II-1961 ..................................................................................................... 585
Case C-267/91, Keck and Mithouard [1993] ECR I-6097..................................... xxxiv
Case C-341/05, Laval un Partneri LTD v Svenska Byggnadsarbetareföbundet
and Others [2007] ECR I-11767 ........................................................................... xl
Case 31/80, L’Oreal v PVBA De Nieuwe Amck [1980] ECR 3775 ......................... 174
Joined Cases 110/88, 241/88 and 242/88, François Lucazeau and others v
SACEM and Others [1989] ECR 2811 .............. 145–6, 568, 624, 628, 639, 653, 684
Joined Cases C-295/04 to C-298/04, Vincenzo Manfredi v Lloyd Adriatico
Assicurazioni and Others [2006] ECR I-6619 ............ lxii, lxxi, 201, 243, 245–6, 252
Case T-203/01, Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin v
Commission (“Michelin II”) [2003] ECR II-4071 ....... lxxii, lxxxiii, 8, 70, 72–3, 84,
86, 111, 151, 174–5, 197, 214, 269–70, 300, 385
Case C-344/98, Masterfoods and HB Ice Cream Ltd [2000] ECR I-11369 ............. 210
Case T-54/99, max.mobil Telekommunikation v Commission [2002]
ECR II-313 ....................................................................................................... 175
Case 187/80, Merck & Co. Inc. v Stephar BV and Petrus Stephanus Exler
[1981] ECR 2063 ............................................................................................... 495
Case C-127/08, Metock and Others v Minister for Justice, Equality and Law
Reform, judgment of the ECJ of 25 July 2008, not yet reported ..................... xxxiv
Case 26/76, Metro-SB-Gro‚märkte GmbH & Co. KG v Commission [1977]
ECR 1875 ......................................................................................................... 585
Case75/84, Metro-SB-Gro‚märkte GmbH & Co. KG v Commission (“Metro II”)
[1986] ECR 3021 ............................................................................................... 585
xviii Table of Cases

Case T-201/04, Microsoft v Commission [2007] ECR II-3601 ..... xxvii, xlii, xlvii, lxxv,
lxxviii, c, cvi, 84, 159, 225, 242, 489, 567, 569
Case T-167/08, Microsoft v Commission, not yet decided ............................... cvi, 574
Case T-313/05, Microsoft v Commission, removed from the register on
27 November 2007 ............................................................................................ 572
Case 395/87, Ministère Public v Jean-Louis Tournier [1989] ECR 2521 ................. 146
Case T-89/98, National Association of Licensed Opencast Operators
(NALOO) v Commission [2001] ECR II-515 .................................................... 684
Case 322/81, NV Nederlandsche Banden-Industrie Michelin v Commission
(“Michelin I”) [1983] ECR 3461 .......................xxxv–xxxvi, 70–1, 111, 141, 174–6,
214, 264, 295, 319, 321 357, 550
Joined Cases T-213/01 and T-214/01, Österreichische Postsparkasse AG and
Bank für Arbeit und Wirtschaft AG v Commission [2006] ECR II-1601 ............. xliv
Case T-328/03, O2 (Germany) GmbH & Co. OHG v Commission [2006]
ECR II-1231 ..................................................................................................... 382
Case 24/67, Parke, Davis and Co v Probel, Reese, Beintema-Interpharm and
Centrafarm [1968] ECR 55 ........................................................................ 346, 622
Case C-163/99, Portugal v Commission [2001] ECR I-2613 ................................... 346
T-69/89, Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) v Commission (“Magill”) [1991]
ECR II-485; upheld on appeal: Joined Cases C-241/91 P and C-242/91 P,
Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) and Independent Television Publications
Ltd (ITP) v Commission [1995] ECR I-743 ................................... xliv, cxxiii, 159,
282, 521, 705, 710, 712–13, 719
Case 42/84, Remia and Verenigde Bedrijven Nutricia v Commission
[1985] 2545 ...................................................................................................... lxxix
Cases T-310/01 and T-77/02, Schneider Electric SA v Commission
[2002] ECR II-4201 ........................................................................................... 111
Cases C-468/06, etc., Sot. Lélos Kai Sia E.E. and Others v GlaxoSmithKline
AEVE Farmakeftikon Proionton (Syfait II), not yet decided ............................... c
Case 40/70, Sirena Srl v Eda Srl and others [1971] ECR 69 ........................ 346, 622–3
Case 56/65, Société Technique Minière v Maschinenbau Ulm GmbH [1966]
ECR 235 ................................................................................................... 214, 382
Case 29/69, Stauder v City of Ulm [1969] ECR 419............................................. xxxiv
Case C-53/03, Synetairismos Farmakopoion Aitolias & Akarnanias (Syfait)
and Others v GlaxoSmithKline plc and GlaxoSmithKline AEVE [2005]
ECR I-4609 ............................................................................. lv, lxxvii, cxxvi, 350
Cases T-5/02 and T-80/02, Tetra Laval BV v Commission [2002] ECR
II-4381, upheld: Cases C-12/03 P and C-13/03 P, Commission v Tetra Laval
[2005] ECR I-987 ......................................................................... 111, 290, 315–16
Case C-333/94 P, Tetra Pak International SA v Commission [1996]
ECR I-5951 ................................................................................. 111, 151, 154, 717
Case T-83/91, Tetra Pak International SA v Commission [1994]
ECR II-755 ........................................................................................ 151, 346, 679
Case T-51/89, Tetra Pak Rausing v Commission [1990] ECR II-309 ... lxxxiii, 174, 182
Case T-504/93, Tiercé Ladbroke SA v Commission [1997] ECR II-923 .......... 706, 711
Case 27/76, United Brands Company and United Brands Continentaal BV v
Commission [1978] ECR 207 ............... cxvi, 70, 74, 145, 346, 479, 522, 535, 550–1,
568, 588, 599, 603, 623–4, 626–8, 637, 641, 643, 683–6, 688, 693, 695
 Table of Cases xix

Case T-65/98, Van den Bergh Foods v Commission [2003]

ECR II-4653 ............................................................................... 174, 264, 322, 331
Cases 43/82 and 63/82, VBVB and VBBB v Commission [1984] ECR 19 ............. lxxix
Case 26/62, Van Gend en Loos [1963] ECR 3 ........................................................ lxxi
Case C-73/95 P, Viho Europe BV v commission [1994] ECR I-5457 .................... lxviii
Case 238/87, AB Volvo v Erik Veng (UK) Ltd [1988] ECR
6211 ......................................................... xxxviii, xlvii, cxviii, 356, 591, 643–4, 713
Case C-309/99 Wouters and Others v Algemene Raad van de Nederlandse
Orde van Advocaten [2002] ECR I-1577 .......................................................... cxxvi

II. Decisions of the European Commission

Commission Decision, 98/153 of 11 June 1998, Alpha Flight Services/Aéroports

de Paris [1998] OJ L230/10, upheld: Case T-128/98, Aéroports de Paris v
Commission [2000] ECR II-3929, upheld on further appeal: Case C-82/01 P,
Aéroports de Paris v Commission [2002] ECR I-9297 ........................................ 701
Commission Decision of 12 October 2005, Amer/Salomon,
Case No COMP/M.3765 .................................................................................. 410
British Gypsum (‘Super Stockist Scheme’), Case No IV / 32.929, [1992]
OJ C321/9 (Article 19(3) Notice) ...................................................................... 321
Commission Decision 84/379 of 2 July 1984, British Leyland [1984]
OJ L207/11, upheld: Case 226/84, British Leyland Plc v Commission
[1986] ECR 3263 .............................................. 145–6, 499, 521, 625, 643, 684, 688
Commission Decision 95/364 of 28 June 1995, Brussels National Airport
[1995] OJ L216/8 ............................................................................................... 701
Commission Decision 93/82 of 23 December 1992, Cewal, Cowac and Ukwal
[1993] OJ L34/20, upheld: Joined Cases T-24/93, T-25/93, T-26/93, and
T-28/93, Compagnie Maritime Belge Transports SA and Others v Commission
[1996] ECR II-1201, upheld on further appeal: Joined Cases C-395/96 P
and C-396/96 P, Compagnie Maritime Belge Transports SA and Others v
Commission [2000] ECR I-1365 ................................................................. 332, 345
Commission Decision 76/353 of 17 December 1975, Chiquita [1976] OJ L95/1;
upheld in part: Case 27/76, United Brands Company and United Brands
Continentaal BV v Commission [1978] ECR 207 ............................. 145–6, 480, 653
Commission Decision of 22 June 2005, Coca-Cola, Case COMP/39.116 ...... 321, 380
Commission Press Release IP/90/7 of 9 January 1990, Coca-Cola Export ............ 321
Commission Decision 2001/892 of 25 July 2001, Deutsche Post AG
(“Deutsche Post II”) [2001] OJ L331/40 ................................. 145–6, 154, 568, 627
Commission Decision 2003/707 of 21 May 2003, Deutsche Telekom AG
[2003] OJ L263/9, upheld: Case T-271/03, Deutsche Telekom AG v
Commission, judgment of the Court of First Instance of 10 April 2008,
not yet reported ......................................................................................... 479, 520
Commission Decision 85/609 of 14 December 1985, ECS/AKZO [1985]
OJ L374/1; upheld: Case C-62/86, AKZO Chemie BV v Commission
[1991] ECR I-3359 ............................................................................... 71, 174, 717
Commission Decision of 25 March 2004, Euromax v IMAX, Case
COMP/37.761 ............................................................................................... 625–6
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