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1 8 Reinforced Concrete Design Formulas AND Principles
Electrical engineering (Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University)
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REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN FORMULAS AND PRINCIPLES FACTORED LOAD COMBINATION (NSCP C101-01)
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND DL - Dead Load
CONCRETE - a mixture of sand, gravel, crushed rock or other LL - Live Load
aggregates held together in a rock-like mass with a paste of W - Wind Load
cement and water. E - Earthquake Load
ADMIXTURES - materials added to concrete to change certain H - Earth Pressure
characteristics such as workability, durability and time of
hardening.
JOSEPH ASPDEN - an English bricklayer who obtained a patent
for Portland cement
JOSEPH MONIER - a Frenchman who invented reinforced
concrete a received a patent for the const. of concrete basins
and tubs and reservoirs reinforced w/ wire mesh and iron wire
in 1867.
DESIGN METHODS: DESIGN OF BEAMS FOR FLEXURE
1. WSD - Working Stress Design, Alternate Stress Design, or
Straight-Line Design
2. USD - Ultimate Stress Design or Strength Design
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS:
CONCRETE:
where:
h = overall depth of the beam (mm)
z = steel covering (measure from the centroid of bar)
d = effective depth of the beam (mm)
d = h –z
As = area of the reinforcement (square millimeters)
fc' = compressive strength of concrete (MPa)
STEEL: fs = tensile strength of steel (MPa)
b = base of the beam (mm)
n = modular ratio (always a whole number)
n = Es /Ec
Location of the neutral axis (kd)
TYPES OF PROBLEMS
Moment of Inertia of the Transformed Section
1. Design -given the load, determine the size
2. Investigation -given the size, determine the load
MODES OF FAILURE IN BENDING
1. Crushing of Concrete -when the strain concrete reaches Resisting Moment of Concrete:
the ultimate strain of 0.003 mm/mm.
2. Yielding of Steel -when the actual tensile stress of steel
"fs" reaches the yield stress "fy"
3. Simultaneous crushing of concrete and Yielding of Steel
TYPES OF DESIGN
1. Overreinforced - when failure is due to crushing of
concrete. Resisting Moment of Steel:
2. Underreinforced - when failure is initiated by yielding of
steel.
3. Balanced Design - when failure is caused by
simultaneous crushing of concrete and yielding of steel
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Stress of Concrete
where:
Mc - resisting moment of
concrete
Stress of Steel
where:
Ms - resisting moment of
steel
Compressive force of Concrete
Tensile force of Steel
Maximum and Minimum Steel Ratio
Moment Arm ( jd )
2. Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
(Reinforced in Tension/Compression)
Constant ( k )
( For Design Only )
(For Investigation Only )
Steel Ratio
A. BEAMS (FLEXURAL STRESS)
1. Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
(Reinforced in Tension Only)
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C. SHEAR STRESS AND DIAGONALTENSION
Spacing of Stirrups: Finally, solve for Mu:
NSCP/ACI Code Specs:
B. Computing the required tension steel area (As) of
beam with given Mu
A. Computing Mu with given tension steel area (As)
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A. Computing As and As' of a Doubly Reinforced
Beam with given Mu.
Solve for c by quadratic formula
Solve for fs' and "a"
Solve for Mu :
B. Computing Mu of a Doubly Reinforced Beam with
given As and As'
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Nominal Shear Strength Provided by Concete:
Vn = V c + V s
where:
Vn = nominal shear strength of RC section
Vc = nominal shear strength provided by concrete
Vs = nominal shear strength of the shear reinforcement
For members subjected to shear and flexure only:
For members subjected to axial compression:
where:
Ag = gross area of section in sq.mm
Nu = factored axial load occurring with Vu
(-) for compression, (+) for tension
Nu/Ag = expressed in MPa
For members subjected to shear and flexure:
but shall not be greater than
Substitute Mm for Mu and Vud/Mu not limited to 1.0
where, h = overall thickness of member
For members subjected to significant axial tension:
where:
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