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MODULE: 3 UNDERSTANDING
HARMONY IN THE FAMILY AND
SOCIETY-HARMONYINHUMAN–
HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS

QuestionBank
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3.1Understandingvaluesinhuman-humanrelationship;meaningofJustice(nineuniversal
valuesinrelationships)andprogramforitsfulfillmenttoensuremutualhappiness
3.2UnderstandingthemeaningofTrust(Foundationalvalue);Differencebetweenintentionand
competence
3.3UnderstandingthemeaningofRespect,Differencebetweenrespectanddifferentiation;the other
salient values in relationship
3.4 Understanding the harmony in the society (society being an extension of family):
Resolution,Prosperity,fearlessness(trust)andco-existenceascomprehensiveHumanGoals
3.5Visualizingauniversalharmoniousorderinsociety- UndividedSociety,UniversalOrder- from
family to world family.

PART-A

1)Trust: Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. “To be assured that eachhuman
being inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous” is known as trust.

2)Respect: Respect means individuality. The sense of individuality is prime object. This is thefirst
basic step towards respect (sammana). Once we realized that we are individual then only we can
see our self different from others. In other words, respect means right evaluation, to beevaluated
as I am.
3)Respect: Respect means individuality. The sense of individuality is prime object. Thisis the first
basic step towards respect (sammana). Once we realized that we are individual then only we can
see ourself different from others. In other words, respect means right evaluation, to beevaluated
as I am.
4)Care: The feeling of care is the feeling to nurture and protect the body of our relative. Care is
level ofactive concern, or lack of negligence, towards avoidance ofpossible dangers, mistakes,
pitfalls, and risks, demanded of a party as a duty or legal obligation. We understand a human
being as a coexistence ofthe self(‘I’) and the body, and the body is an instrument of‘I’. Based
on this understanding, we take the responsibility of nurturing and protecting the body of our
relatives.
5)Guidance: The feeling ofensuring right understanding and feelings intheother(myrelative) is
called guidance. We understand the need of self (‘I’) for right understanding and feelings. We
also understand that the other is similar to me in his/her faculty of naturalacceptance, desire of
wanting continuous happiness and the program of living in harmony at all the four levels. The
other is also similar to me in the potential of desire, thoughts and expectation.

6) Reverence: The feeling of acceptance of excellence in the other is called reverence. We

understand that we aspire for continuous happiness and to realize it, we have to understand
harmony at all the levels of our living, and live accordingly. When we see that the other has
achieved this excellence- which means to understand and to live in harmonyat all the levels of
living ensuring continuityofhappiness, we havea feeling ofreverence for him/her. This feeling of
accepting the excellence in the other is called reverence.

7)Glory: Gloryisthefeelingforsomeonewhohasmadeefforts for excellence. Wefindthatthere

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have been people in the history, or even around us, who are investing their time, energy and
their belongings to achieve excellence (to understand and to live in harmony at all levels of
living ensuring continuity of happiness), to make others excellent. This gives us a feeling of
glory for them.

8)Gratitude: Gratitude is the feeling of acceptance for those who have made efforts for my excellence.
Gratitude is an emotion that occurs after people receive help, depending on how they interpret the
situation. Specifically, gratitudeis experiencedif peopleperceivethe help theyreceiveas (a)valuableto
them, (b) costly to their benefactor, and (c) given by the benefactor with benevolent intentions.

9)Love: Love is called the complete value since this is the feeling of relatedness to all humanbeings. It is the
emotion of strong affection and personal attachment. In other words, love is a feeling of warm personal
attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend. It starts with identifying that oneis
relatedtotheother humanbeing(thefeelingofaffection)and it slowly expands tothefeeling ofbeing related to
all human beings.

10)Justice: Justice is the recognition of values (the definite feelings) in relationship, their fulfillment,
theright evaluation of the fulfillment resulting in mutual happiness. Justice concerns itself with the
proper ordering of things and people within a society. There are four elements: Recognition of values,
fulfillment, evaluation and mutual happiness ensured. When all the four are ensured, justice is ensured.
Mutual fulfillment is the hallmark of justice.

11)Differentiation(Disrespect):differentiationmeansacceptingotheronthebasisofbodyfeatures, physical
facilities or belief and not on the basis of right evaluation.

12)Intention:Intentioniswhatoneaspiresfor(ournatural acceptance).Inintentioneveryhumanbeing wants to do

what is right.

13)Competence: Competence is the ability to fulfill the aspiration. The competence may be lacking which
needs to be developed through proper understanding and practice.

14)Fearlessness: Mutual trust and complementariness. It means every member of society feels related to
everyone else and therefore there is trust and fearlessness. When every individual is able to live
harmoniously in relationship, and the needs of all the families are ensured, fearlessness (mutual trust) in
society will naturally follow.

15)Co-existence:Co-existence means to berelated, to be in harmony. In other words thereis a relationship

and complementarity among all the entities in nature including human being. When human beings with
right understanding interact with nature, it will be in consonance with the coexistence and will be
mutually enriching.

16)Education– Right living: Thecontent of education(shiksha) is theunderstandingof harmonyat all the four
levels of our existence – from myself to the entire existence. Right living (sanskaar) referes to the ability
to live in harmony at all the four levels of living. This dimension of society works to ensure‘Right
understanding’ and ‘Right Feeling’ or all-encompassing solution called Samadhan in every individual.=

17)Health – Self-regulation: Sanyam (Self-regulation) regeres to a feeling of responsibility for nurturing,

protectingandrightlyutilizingthebody.Whenthebodyisfittoact accordingtotheneedsoftheself(I)
and thereis harmony among theparts of thebody, it sireferred to as health or svasthya. Sanyamis basis of
swasthya. This dimension of society works to ensure ‘Prosperity’.
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18)Justice – Preservation: Nyaya (Justice) refers to harmony in the relationship between human beings,
while preservation (suraksha) referes to harmony in the relationship between human being and the restof
the nature (enrichment, protection and right utilization of the nature). Thisdimension of society works to
ensure ‘Fearlessness’ and ‘Coexistence’.

19)Production– Work: Work refers to thephysical efforts madeby human on therest of the nature, while
production refers to the output / physical produce that is obtained through these efforts. This dimension
of society works to ensure ‘Prosperity’ and ‘Coexistence’.

20)Exchange– Storage: Exchangerefers totheexchangeofphysicalfacilities between themembers ofthe

society, whilestoragerefers tothestorageofphysicalfacilities that is left after fulfillingthe needs ofthe
family. It is important to note that exchange and storage is done for mutual fulfillment and not for
madness of profit or exploitation or hoarding. This dimension of society works to ensure ‘Prosperity’and
‘Fearlessness’.

Definetrust. OrHowis‘trust’thefoundationvalueofrelationships?

Whatdoyouunderstandby‘trust’?Whatisitsimportancein humanrelationship?

ANS. Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. “To be assured that each human
beinginherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous” is known as trust. Having
faith in others and believing them. Trust is the expectation of people that they can rely on our word. It
is built through integrity and consistency in relationships. To keep the trust on ourself and others, we
have to payattentiononthe intensions and to understand ifwe ortheother person is not able to do benefit,
it is because we are lacking competence.Trust is the result ofright understanding ofthe intentionofallthe
human beings around us. This trust helps to improve our competence in others and in ourselves.

Define‘affection’. OrHowdoesaffectionleadtoharmonyinthe family?

ANS. Affection is the feeling of being related to the other. Affection comes when I recognize that we
both want to make each other happy and both of us are similar. Then for the first time, I feel that I am
related to the other that the other is a relative of mine. This feeling is called affection. The feeling of
affection comes only if trust and respect are already ensured. Without trustand respect, we feel the
otheristryingtomakeusunhappy,doesnotwishwell forusandhencewecanneverfeelaffectionfor
him/her. Wealwaysseetheotherasbeinginopposition.
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Differencebetweenreaction andresponse.

Reaction Response

1. Doubtonintention. 1.Weareabletoseethat relationshipIS atthelevelof‘I’.

2. Irritation 2.Wefeeltherelatednesswiththe other–at thelevelof‘I’

3. Getting angry 3.Wedon’tdoubt theintentionoftheother‘I’.

4. Fights. 4. Wefeelasenseofresponsibilitytoimproveourown
competence and the other’s competence

5. Weworkformutualfulfilment.

Differencebetweenrespectand differentiation.
What is the difference between respect and disrespect? Which of the two is naturally acceptable
to you?

Respect Differentiation

1. Respect isrightevaluation. 1.Differentiationislackofunderstandingofrespect.

2. Thisdifferentiationcantake the formof:

2. Respectforothersisgenerated Genderbias
bytherightevaluationand Generationgap
understandingwhichleadsto Castestruggle
fulfillment in relationships. Powerplayanddomination
Thisfurthercreatesasenseof Communal violencerespect
among people. Clashofrace, religion, etc.
 Classstruggle,

3. This leads to the escalation in the problems of

society which further lowers the respect shown to
others in society.

PART-B

Definelove.OrHow canyousaythat loveisthecompletevalue?

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Love is called the complete value since this is the feeling of relatedness to all human beings. It is the
emotion ofstrong affection and personalattachment. Inother words, love is a feeling ofwarmpersonal
attachment ordeepaffection,asforaparent,child, orfriend.Itstartswithidentifyingthatone isrelated to the
other human being (the feeling ofaffection) and it slowly expands to the feeling of being related to all
human beings.

The word love canrefer to a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes, ranging from generic
pleasure ("I loved that meal") to intense interpersonal attraction ("I love my wife"). "Love" can also refer
specifically to the passionate desire and intimacy of romantic love, to the sexual love of Eros (cf. Greek
wordsfor love), totheemotionalcloseness offamiliallove, ortotheplatonic love thatdefinesfriendship, to the
profound oneness or devotion ofreligious love. This diversity ofuses and meanings, combined with the
complexityofthe feelings involved, makes loveunusuallydifficult toconsistentlydefine,evencompared to
other emotional states.

This feeling or value is also called the complete value since this is the feeling of relatedness to
all human beings. It starts with identifying that one is related to the other human being (the feeling of
affection) and it slowlyexpands to the feeling of being related to all human beings. The feeling of love
leadsto anundividedsociety, it startsfroma familyandslowlyexpandstotheworld familyinthe form of
love.

What is meaning of justice in human relationships? How does it follow from family to world
family?

What is‘justice’?What are its four elements?Isit acontinuous or atemporary need?

Explain justice with the help of the diagram.

Whatisjustice? Howdoesitleadtomutualhappiness?

Justice is the recognition of values (the definite feelings) in relationship, their fulfillment, the
rightevaluation of the fulfillment, resulting in mutual happiness. Justice concerns itself with the proper
ordering of things and people within a society. There are four elements: Recognition of values,
fulfillment, evaluationand mutualhappiness ensured. Whenallthe four are ensured, justice is ensured.
Mutual fulfillment is the hallmark of justice. And justice is essential in all relationships. Justice starts
from family and slowly expands to the world family. The child gets the understanding of justice in the
family. With this understanding, he goes out in the societyand interacts with people.

If the understanding of justice is ensured in the family, there will be justice in all theinteractions
we have in the world at large. If we do not understand the values in relationships, we are governed
byour pettyprejudices and conditionings. We maytreat people as high or low based on their body
(particular caste, or sex or race or tribe), on the basis of wealth one possesses or the beliefsystems that
one follows. All this is source of injustice and leads to fragmented society while our
naturalacceptanceisforanundividedsocietyanduniversalhumanorder.Havingexploredthe
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harmony in the human beings, we are able to explore the harmony in the family. This enables us to
understand the harmony at the level of society and nature/existence. And this is the way, the harmonyin
our living grows. We slowly get the competence to live in harmony with all human beings.

What do you mean by differentiation in relationship? What are the issues on which
differentiation in relationship in prevalent in the society?

How do we differentiate in relationships on the basis of body, physical facilities, orbeliefs? What
problems do we face because of such differentiation?

Whatisrespect? When do wefeelwehavebeen disrespected?

Howhavewedifferentiated peopleon thebasisofbody andbeliefs?

What is the meaning of respect? How do we disrespect others due to lack of right understanding
of this feeling?

How do we come to differentiate between human beings on the basis of body? Explain. What are
its consequences?

Respect means accepting individuality and doing right evaluation (to be evaluated as I am). Our basis
for respect today is largely quite contrary to our discussion above. Instead of respect being a basis of
similarity or one of right evaluation, we have made it into something on the basis of which we
differentiate i.e. by respecting you mean you are doing something special, because you are special or
have something special or are in some special position. Thus, all of us are running around seeking
respect from one another by trying to become something special.
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Today, we are differentiating inthe name ofrespect. We either differentiate people onthe basis of
their body, on the basis of their wealth and possessions or on the basis of their beliefs. There is no
notion of respect in terms of right evaluation. Thus, there is no real feeling of relationship, only one of
differentiation.

Onthebasisofbody

· Sex/gender: We ignore the fact that being male or female is an attribute of the body, and not an
attribute at the level of ‘I’. And differentiate in giving respect on the basis of gender called male
and females. In many countries, people even prefer a male child to a female child, and in some
other societies, the other way round.

· Race: Ifthe person isofthe same race asoneself, thenwetreat themdifferently. For example, we
differentiate on the basis of skin colour – white, brown, black etc. or on the basis of whether the
person is of Aryan race, Mongolian race etc.oronthe basis ofcaste. Again here, we don’t do the
evaluation on the basis of ‘I’, but on the basis of the body

· Age: We have notions such as ‘one must respect elders’. There is no such notion as respect
youngsters. Here, we see that we are again evaluating at the level of the body – age is related to
the body, and not to ‘I’.

· Physicalstrength: Ifsomeone is stronger, we again treat him/her differently. This is again at the
levelofthe body. In fact, wethink that we arerespecting the other while it is fear;the fear that if we
do not treat them like this, we will be harmed.

Onthebasisofphysicalfacilities

· Wealth:We differentiate people because some have wealth than others. What wetermas a “rich
person” gets idolized. We don’t even bother to find out whether such people are feeling
prosperous, or if they just have wealth. This way, we are over-evaluating physical facilities first,
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whicharejustmeanttofulfilltheneedsofthebody,andthenonthisbasis,wearewrongly identifying our

relationship.

· Post:We try to respect on the basis of a person’s position. The post is wrongly evaluated as the
mark of a person’s excellence and differentiation sets in. The post is considered important either
onthe basis that it gives more physicalfacilities oronthe basis that certainpositions are assumed to
be important.Inour education, we aretrained directlyor indirectlyto earnpostsfor usto fetch respect.

Onthebasisofbeliefs

· ‘Isms’: ‘Ism’ means any belief in terms of a ‘thought-system’ that we have, or that we have
adopted.There are also many modern ‘isms’ such as capitalism, socialism, communism, etc. The
people followingthese setsofbeliefsarecalledcapitalists, socialists, communists, andso on. The
people that have adoptedthemor arefollowing themhave beenexposed tothemsince childhood.
Believing theirs to be the right belief. However, all beliefs, as we have seen are at the level of
desires, thoughts and expectations (selections) in ‘I’. There is no definiteness at this level, and
hence, this becomes a cause for differentiation.

· Sects: People of one sect only consider those with a similar belief system to be their ‘own’ and
worthyofrespect. Following a particular tradition, or what we callas religion, becomes the basis of
respect and disrespect in relationship.

‘Discrimination leads to acrimony in relationships’. Explain. What problems are created whenwe
discriminate?

Explaintheproblemsfacedduetodifferentiation inrelationship.

ANS. Differentiation based on sex/gender: Issue of women’s rights, and women protesting and
demanding for equality in education, in jobs, and in peoples’ representation. People are insecure and
afraid of one another based on their gender.

Differentiationbasedonrace:thereare manymovementsandprotect against racialdiscriminationand

demands for equality, racialattacks, movementsagainst cast discrimination haspeople living in fear of
such racism, racist attacks, casticism1 and discrimination.

Differentiation based on age: Protests and movements demanding for equal rights for children on the
one hand and for rights for elderly people on the other, generation gap

Differentiation based on wealth: Class struggle and movements to do awaywith class-differentiation.

Many people suffering from a lack of self-esteem and some even committing suicide,

Differentiation based on post: Protests againsthigh handed government officials. At the level of
theindividual, leads to depression, etc.
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Differentiation based on ’isms: Fights, turmoil, terrorism and war, people converting fromone Ism to
another in order to be able to get more respect.

Differentiation based on sects: Countless religions and sects and each sect has its own movement to
ensure that there is no discrimination against people of their belief. Demands for special provisions in
jobs and in education

What do you understand by trust? Differentiate between intention and competence with
examples.

How do you differentiate between intention and competence, when you have to judge the other?
Why is it important?

Whatisintensionandcompetence?Howdotheyaffecthumanrelationship?
Howdoyoudifferentiatebetweenintentionandcompetencewhenyouhavetojudge theother? Why is it
important?

Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. “To be assured that each human
beinginherentlywants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous” is known as trust. Mutualtrust
is a shared belief that we can depend on each other to achieve a common purpose. Trust is the
expectation of people that they can rely on our word. It is built through integrity and consistency in
relationships. There are two aspects in trust:

1. Intention(wanting to–ournaturalacceptance)

2. Competence(beingabletodo)

Both intention and competence are the aspects of trust. Intention is what one aspires for
(ournatural acceptance) and competence is the ability to fulfill the aspiration. In intention every human
being wants to do what is right, only the competence may be lacking which needs to be developed
through proper understanding and practice. But what we are doing today is that when we are judging
ourself we are judging on the basis of our intention, whereas, when we are judging the other we are
judging him on the basis of his competence.

We trust ourown intentionwhile weare not readyto trust the others intention. It isthe same for
other as well. We find that while we look at our intention, we are sure of it, we arenot sure of the
other’s intention. We are actuallyseeing their competence, and making a conclusion ontheir intention.
Hence, mistrust is born and we deny the relationship. We seldom look at our competence and other’s
intention.

It is very important to differentiate between intention and competence. If we have trust on

intention, we have a feeling of being related to the other and we start helping the other to improve his
competence, if he does not have enough.
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Enumeratesomeoftheimportantvalueswhich lieatthebaseofgoodrelationships. List

down the values in human relationship.

Whatvaluesarenecessaryinhumanrelationship?Explaineach briefly.

What are the different values necessary in human to human relationship? How do they lay the
foundation for an undivided human race?

What are the foundational values of relationships? How can they be used to ensure strong and
mutually relationships?

Name the values which are called as “foundation value” and “complete value”. Define both these
values.

List down the foundation value and the complete value in human relationship. Explain each with
one example.

Therearecertainbasicand important values inmaintainingrelationship. Thesevalues, weallknow,are the

backbone of health and happy family relations. The feelings, emotions, sentiments and respect all are of
real importance. These values lead to elimination of friction and establishment of total harmony in
relationship on long term basis. Values that are important in anyrelationship are

1. Trust: Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. “To be assured that each human
being inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous.” If we have trust in the
other, we are able to see the other as a relative and not as an adversary.

2. Respect: Respect means individuality. The sense of individuality is prime object. This is the first
basic step towards respect (sammana). Once we realized that we are individual then only we can see
ourself different from others. In other words, respect means right evaluation, to bev

“When we are assured of the intention of the other and find that the competence is lacking, we
become a help to the other. When we doubt the intention of the other, we get into opposition.”
Explain.

In ourbehaviour, wegenerally observeourintention and others’ lackofcompetence. Doesit lead to

mutual happiness? What is the alternative? Explain with the help of an example.

. We trust our own intention while we are not ready to trust the other’s intention. It is the same for the
others as well. Theywould also have the same answers as we, tothetable above. While the other trusts
his/herownintentions,he/shedoesnottrustmine.Hence,mistrustisbornandwedenythe
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relationship. When we are judging ourself we are judging on the basis of our intention, whereas, when
we are judging the other we are judging him on the basis of his competence. We are sure in point 2 a)
that we want to make the other happy, but inpoint 4 a) we are not surethat the other wants to make us
happy. We find that while we look at our intention, we are sure of it, we are not sure of the other’s
intention. We are actuallyseeing their competence, and making a conclusion ontheir intention, we say
“Iwantedto dowell, but Icouldnot”.Butfortheother, wesay“Hedidnotwantto dowell”. “Wanting to”, is
the intention, “could not”, is the lack of competence.

We can see that as we are not able to fulfill our intentions in terms of our competence at all
times. It is the same for the other as well. We want to be related to the other, and we want the other to
be related to us, irrespective of who this other is. If we have trust in the other, we are able to see the
other as a relative and not as an adversary. We then become ready to become a help to the other.
Intentions are always correct;it is onlythe competence that is lacking, whichcan be improved byright
understanding.

What is the basis of ‘respect’ for a human being? Do you see that the other human being is also
similar to you? Explain.

Respect means individuality. The sense of individuality is prime object. This is the first basic step
towards respect (sammana). Once we realized that we are individual then only we can see ourself
different from others. In other words, respect means right evaluation, to be evaluated as I am. If we
respect a human being on the basis of ‘I’, following things are true for everyhuman being:

1. Iwanthappinessandprosperity.

¬Theothertoowantstobecontinuously happyandprosperous!

2. Tobehappy, Ineedtounderstandandliveinharmonyatallfourlevelsofmyliving.

¬Theotheralsoneedstounderstandandliveinharmonyatallfourlevelsofhis/herliving!

3. Theactivitiesinme(‘I’)arecontinuous,wecancheckthisforourdesires,thoughtsand expectations.

¬It is the same for the other ‘I’ as well. The activities are continuous there as well, and the
other too has continuous desires, thoughts and expectations!

Whenweseetheabove,whatcanweconclude?Theotherpersonalsofeelsquitelikeme!
Therearesomanysimilarities!Letusputdownthesesimilarities,inorder:

1. We bothwanttohavecontinuoushappinessandprosperity.

¬Ourbasicaspirationisthe same.
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2. We both need to have the right understanding, which is to understand and live in harmony at all
four levels of our living.

¬Ourprogramofactionis thesame.

3. The activities and powers of the self are continuous and the samein both of us– at the level of ‘I’.

¬Ourpotentialisthesame.

Basedonthesethreeevaluationswecanconclude that Ø

The other is similar to me

When we are able tosee that the other is similar tome, we are able to recognize the feeling of respect in
the relationship. If not, we either hold ourselves, more or less than the other and this only leads to
differentiation.

Whatistheroleofvaluesysteminfamilyharmony? How

can you maintain harmony in relationship?

The familyisthe basicunit ofhumaninteraction… it istheanchor thatrootsus… it givesusbothroots to hold

and wings to fly. It is not surprising that children who grow up in happy families are more successful
and well-adjusted in life.

There isasetofproposalsaboutthefamilies for ustoverify:

1. RelationshipISanditexistsbetweentheself(‘I’) andtheotherself(‘I’)

2. Theself(‘I’) hasFEELINGSinarelationship.Thesefeelingsarebetween‘I’and‘I’.

3. Thesefeelingsintheself(‘I’)areDEFINITE.i.e.theycanbeidentified withdefiniteness.

4. RECOGNIZINGandFULFILLINGthesefeelingsleadstoMUTUALHAPPINESSin
relationship.

Now,wewillexploreintoeachoftheaboveindetails.

1. Relationship IS and it exists between the self (‘I’) and the other self (‘I’): Once we have
recognized the existence of human relationships, we are subsequently able to identify the
feelings (values). When we work and behave according to these feelings, itleads to fulfillment
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of both sides in the relationship, i.e. it leads to mutual fulfillment. Evaluation is a naturalprocess
when we live in relationships and we constantly evaluating ours’ and the other’sfeelings in the
relationship. For example, trust is wanted in a relationship and if there is amutual feeling of
trust, then it leads to mutual fulfillment and there are no complaints. But if there is doubt on the
other, the happiness in relationship is missing.

It is not possible to create the relationships that are existent in a family. We are naturally born
into this. In a similar way, the family has not invented the social dependencies in which it exists.
The family exists naturally as a part ofthis social web of interdependency. So, we are embedded in
relationships, theyare there and allthat we need to do is to recognize them and understand.

2. Theself(‘I’)hasfeelingsinarelationship.Thesefeelingsarebetween‘I’and‘I’: Thereare feelings

in relations naturally. They do not have to be created, nor can we remove them. We may try to
suppress them, or argue against them, or undermine them, but they are very much there. These
feelings are fundamentalto the relationship and can be recognized. Let’s ask some questions:

Question : Whohasthesefeelings?‘I’orbody?

Answer : ‘I’

Question : Withwhomdoes‘I’ havethese feelings?Withthe order ‘I’ortheother body?

Answer : With the other ‘I’.

Here’sanotherquestion:

Question : Whowanttrust inrelationship?OurSelforbody?

Answer : Self want trust.

Question : Fromwhomwewant thistrust?Theother ‘I’orBody?

Answer : From the other ‘I’.

This is something we can easily verify ourself, that it is ‘I’ that wants trust. There is no part of
the bodythat wantstrust, no partofthe bodythat wants respect. Whenwe respect someone, we respect
theperson’s ‘I’, and nottheirbodyorgans. Whenwe‘trust’someone, it istheperson, and notthebody. Trust
is something to do with the person, the self (‘I’). That is to say, the feelings in relationship are between
‘I’ and ‘I’.

3. These feelings in the self (‘I’) are definite. i.e. they can be identified with definiteness.:
With little exploration, we can see that feelings in relationships are actually definite, and not
vague.Thesearethevaluescharacterizingrelationships–e.g.Trust,Respect,Affection,etc.
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Livingwiththesevalues, weareabletoparticipateintherightwaywithother humanbeings.

4. Recognizing and fulfilling these feelings leads to mutual happiness in relationship: Once
we have recognized the existence of human relationships, we are subsequently able to identify
the feelings (values). When we work and behave according to these feelings, it leads to
fulfillment of both sides in the relationship, i.e. it leads to mutual fulfillment. Evaluation is a
natural process when we live in relationships and we are constantly evaluating ours’ and the
other’s feelings in the relationship. For example, trust is wanted in a relationship and if there isa
mutual feeling of trust, them it leads to mutual fulfillment and there are no complaints. But if
there is doubt on the other, the happiness in relationship is missing.

To summarize – relationships in a family or in a society are not created, they just are. We can
understand these relationships and based upon this understanding, it will be natural to have right
feelings (values) in these relationships. These feelings are definite and can be recognized withcertainty.
We have also seen that recognizing the relationship and having the feelings in relationship is an activity
of the self (‘I’) and not the body. It becomes clear that relationship is between the self (‘I’) and other
self (‘I’) and the feelings are also between ‘I’ and ‘I’. Mutual fulfillment is the natural outcome of a
relation correctly recognized and lived.

Writetheprogramtoattaincomprehensivehumangoal.Giveexamplesalso.

Whatarethefivedimensionsofhumanendeavorin societyconduciveto‘manaviyavyavastha’?

What are the five dimensions of Human Endeavour? How are they helpful in achieving the
comprehensive human goal?

What are the programs needed to achieve the comprehensive human goal? List and define each
briefly.

Howdoestheself-assumetheresponsibilitytowardsthebody?Howdoesithelptoensureprosperity?

Comprehensive human goals are right understanding, prosperity, fearlessness and co-existence.
Programs needed to achieve the comprehensive human goals are:

1. Education–RightLiving(Siksha–Sanskar)

2. Health–SelfRegulation(Svasthya–Sanyam)

3. Justice–Preservation(Nyaya–Suraksha)

4. Production– Work(Utpadan–Kriya)
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5. Exchange–Storage(Vinimaya–Kosh)

Education – Right Living: Education refers to understanding harmony at all four levels of living.
Whileright livingreferstocommitment andpreparednessto live inharmonyat all four levelsofliving.

Health – Self Regulation: Sanyama refers to a feeling of responsibility for nurturing, protecting and
rightlyutilizing the body. When the body is fit to act according to the needs ofthe self(‘I’), and, there is
harmonyamong the parts of the body, it is referred to as health or svasthya.

Justice – Preservation: Justice (nyaya) refers to harmony in the relationship between human beings,
while preservation (suraksha) refers to harmony in the relationship between human being and the restof
nature.

Exchange – Storage: Exchange (vinimaya) refers to the exchange of physical facilities between the
members of the society, while storage (kosa) refers to the storage of physical facilities that is left after
fulfilling the needs of the family.

Wecan nowseehowthesefivedimensionsofhumanisticsocietyareabletoensurethehuman
goal:

Education–Rightliving leadsto Rightunderstanding

* Havingtheprocessofeducation andrightliving leadstoright understanding inthe individual.

Health –Self-regulation leadsto Prosperity

* Having the program for health and sanyam leads to well-being of the body, and identification
of need for physical facilities which along with production ensures feeling of prosperity in the
family.

Justice–Preservation leadsto Fearlessness and Co-existence

(respectively)

* Ensuring justice inrelationship, or mutualfulfillmentinrelationship onthebasis of values like

Trust, Respect, etc leads to fearlessness in society, while Suraksha of nature – via enrichment,
protection and right utilization leads to co-existence in nature.

Production – Work leadsto ProsperityandCo-existence

* Production and work are for physical facilities, and this leads to afeeling of prosperity in the
family. Production is done in harmony with nature, and hence, this also leads to co-existence
with nature.
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Exchange –Storage leadsto ProsperityandFearlessness

Whenwestoreandexchangeformutualfulfillmentandnotforexploitation,thenitleadsto fearlessness (trust) in

society.

Explain the comprehensive human goal. How does fearlessness follow from right understanding
and prosperity?

Whatdoyou meanbycomprehensivehumangoal? Explain.Howisitrelated toyourgoalinlife?

Inordertofacilitatethefulfillmentofthebasicaspirationsofallhumanbeingsinthesociety,the following human

goal needs to be understood in a comprehensive manner:

1. Whenone does not have the right understanding, one remains disturbed and also acts in a manner
so as to create disharmony with other human being as well as with rest of nature.

2. Prosperityinthe family means that the familyis able to identifyits needs and is able to produce/
achieve more than its requirements.

3. Trustinsocietymeans everymember ofsocietyfeels relatedto everyone else and thereforethere is

trust and fearlessness.

4. Co-existence in nature means there is a relationship and complementarity among all the entities
in nature including human beings.

Abhaya means fearlessness; it is a permanent state where there is no question of ever

experiencing any fear. A person with abhaya is continuously aware if his own reality; for him to
become subject to fear would be impossible. We should not consider this quality of abhaya as just the
absence of fear. The fearlessness in the society begins from the individual. We need to ensure right
understanding in the individual as the foundation of harmony in the society. With right understanding,
theneed for physicalfacilities inthe familycanbe ascertained. Byassessing our needscorrectlyand by
producing more than required the family can be prosperous. Assurance of right understanding in the
individuals and prosperity in the families, understanding of human relationships leads to harmony and
trust (fearlessness) in the society. When every individual is able to live harmoniously in relationship,
and the needs ofallthe families are ensured, fearlessness (mutualtrust) insocietywill naturallyfollow.
Thusthestateofabsenceoffearatsocietylevelwillonlybeachievedwhenwehaveright
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understandingatindividual leveland prosperityat the levelof family.

Criticallyexaminethe stateofsocietytodayintermsoffulfillmentofcomprehensivehumangoal.

In order to facilitate the fulfillment of the basic aspirations of all human beings in the society, the
following comprehensive human goal needs to be understood.

Todaythestateofsocietyintermsofthiscomprehensivehumangoalis:

Right understanding in individual: We are talking about information and skills, but we are ignoring
the need of right understanding, we are ignoring the need to understand happiness correctly. We are
ignoring the need to understand and be in relationship.

Prosperity in families: We are not able to see that the needs of physical facilities is limited and that,
we can have more than what we need. We are only talking about how to generate wealth. We seem to
have forgottenthat theneed to havewealth isconnected withthe need to keepthebodyhealthyand use it for
the right purpose and not for maximizing accumulation for the purpose of sensoryenjoyment.

Fearlessness (trust) in society: In place of working for fearlessness, we are working for strategic
power. Inthe name of defence, we are misusing the valuable resources of natureto make weapons and
ammunitions. We are becoming increasingly more fearful ofeach other, so most ofthe countries in the
world are busy preparing for war, in the hope that more and more competence for war will lead to
peace.

Co-existence with nature: Instead of co-existing we are busy figuring out better ways to exploitnature.
We have tended to assume that the goalofourtechnological development is to get victoryover nature, to
subjugate the entities in nature and to disrupt nature’s cycle, in pursuance ofour whims and fancies. We
even have disregarded the truth that nature is our basic support systems and disturbing its balance will
result in our own destruction.

Describe the concept of an undivided society and the universal order and explain how both these
can help to create a world family.

Howcanwemovetowardstheuniversalhumanorder?

Thesarvabhaumvyawastha(UniversalHumanOrder)isthestateofrealizingthefreedomof individual
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in context of this universe. The respect towards mankind and nature is must to establish the universal
order. Having understood the comprehensive human goal, we are able to be in harmony not only with
human beings, but also withtherest ofnature.We areableto seethat wearerelatedto everyunit inthe nature
and ensure mutual fulfilment in that relationship. Working on the five dimensions of human endeavour
in the light of right understanding, we are able to work for an orderly living of the human society,
whose foundationalunit is the family and the final destination is the world family.

Universal Human Order (Sarvabhauma Vyavastha) – feeling of being related to every unit
including human beings and other entities of nature.

Undividedsociety(Akhandasamaja)–feeling ofbeing relatedtoeveryhuman being.

Anundividedhumancentricsocietyisoneofthehigher humangoals. Akhandsamaj isthestate ofthe

societywhere allpeople ofdifferent religionand thought process live together and worktowards
betterment of the society.

Threeactivitiescanbeperformedtosendthemessageofaholistic society:

1. Educating society through workshops, seminars and street plays: this is about organizing
workshops, seminars and street plays at various levels in society. The activity may be carried
out byN.G.O.’s but must receive the support ofgovernment organizations. These activities can
be categorized into three types which include

§Knowingtheself,

§Knowing theexistence onbasisofself,

§Knowingthedefinitehumanconductwhichiscontributionofselfinexistence.

2. Value education in educational institutions: value education should be introduced in current

education system at all levels – primary school, secondary school, senior secondary school as
well as college level.

3. Helping to apply values to the real world: organizations – both government and non-
government should open up counseling centers which can help their employees or generalpublic
to apply values to reallife situations. It is about realizing the alternatives in life. Various
individuals are on the way of self-exploration, finding their natural acceptance towards holistic
approach of life and realizing it at all levels starting fromself (with knowledge) to family (with
meaningful relationships), then to society (education – health – production – business –
services). The idea is not to live in isolation or individualism but with expansion of SELF to
higher levels in the social system.
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Right understanding in the individuals is the basis for harmony in the family, which is the
building block for harmony in the society. Give your comments.

Right understanding in the individuals is the basis for harmony in the family, which is the building
block for harmony in the society.

1. The harmony in the society begins fromthe individual. We need to ensure right understanding
in the individual as the foundation of harmony in the society.

2. With right understanding, the need for physical facilities in the family can be ascertained. By
assessing our needs correctly and by producing more than required the family can beprosperous.

3. Assurance of right understanding in the individuals and prosperity in the families,

understanding of human relationships leads to harmony and trust (fearlessness) in the society.
When every individual is able to live harmoniously in relationship, and the needs of all the
families are ensured, fearlessness (mutual trust) in society will naturally follow.

4. Whenhumanbeingswithright understanding interact withnature,it willbe inconsonancewith the

co-existence and will be mutually enriching.

We mayalso understand itinthe followingsequence.

1.

1.Rightunderstanding 2.Prosperity 3.Fearlessness(trust) 4.Co-existence

Explain how production activities can be enriching to all the orders of nature. Give any two
examples.

In nature, there are four different kinds of entities. One of entity includes materials, the other kind is
plants, herbs, etc., the third kind has animals and birds and the fourth kind includes human beings.
Whenwe look at their interrelationship, we find that the materials, plants and animals are enriching for
the others including human beings. There is cyclic and enriching process in nature, and based on this
process production is naturallytaking place in the nature. Humans only have to understand this feature
ofnature.Thepurposeofscienceand technologyisto facilitatethecyclicprocesses in natureand make human
brings more and more fulfilling to the other entities. But we will find that human beings are neither
enriching (fulfilling) for humans nor for the other three kinds of entities. If only we understand the
processes in nature, we can design our production systems through application of science and
technology in such a waythat this fulfillment is better ensured, rather than disturbing it.
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How can the comprehensive human goals of Right understanding,prosperity,fearlessnessand

existence create harmony in society?

What is the comprehensive human goal? Explain how this is conductive to sustainable happiness
and prosperity for all.

ANS. Inordertofacilitatethe fulfillment ofthe basicaspirationsofall humanbeings inthe society, the

following comprehensive human goal needs to be understood.

1. Right understanding is necessary for the human beings, for all human beings. When one does
not havetheright understanding, oneremainsdisturbedandalso actsina mannerso asto create
disharmony with other human being as well as with rest of nature.

2. Prosperity is needed in every family. Prosperity in the family means that the family is able to
identify its needs and is able to produce/ achieve morethan its requirements.

3. Trust in society means every member of society feels related to everyone else and therefore
there is trust and fearlessness.

4. Co-existence innature meansthere isa relationship and complementarityamong allthe entities in

nature including human beings.

Thisisthecomprehensivehuman goal.

With little exploration, we find that allfour arerequired forhumansociety. We are not satisfied
with anything less than this. This is the basic minimum requirement to ensure sustainable happinessand
prosperity. We can’t cut down any of them. This is the minimum level that each one of us wants, and
also the maximum we canthink of. We can’t think ofanything morethanthis. This is thetarget for each
one of us, the whole human race and the human tradition. The moment we leave anyone of them out,
there will be loss of continuity, and the goal cannot be achieved.

HowcanItrustastranger? Clarify.

ANS. If we are able to see the relationship with the person at the level of ‘I’, we will see that the other
person also is like us. The other person has natural acceptance for the same things as we have. He/she
toowantstomakehimself/herselfhappyandwantstomakeushappyatthelevelof hisintention,just
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aswe. But he/she isunaware ofthis fact,just aswe has been. Hence, he/she may be interacting with us
based onour competence. The wayout is to relate to the other person, to be able to see that at the level
of natural acceptance, we are the same. We can then interact with the person based on theircompetence,
and also help them improve their competence.

Feelingoflovelay downthebasisofundividedsociety.Explain.

ANS. Love is the emotionofstrong affectionand personalattachment. Inother words, love is a feeling of
warm personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend.

This feeling or value is also called the complete value since this is the feeling of relatedness to
all human beings. It starts with identifying that one is related to the other human being (the feeling of
affection) and it slowlyexpands tothe feeling of being relatedto all humanbeings. The feeling of love
leadsto anundividedsociety, it startsfroma familyandslowlyexpandstotheworld familyinthe form of
love.

The feeling of being related to every human being leads to our participation in an undivided
society (Akhanda Samaja). With the understanding of values in human relationships, we are able to
recognize the connectedness with every individual correctly, and fulfill it. When we understand the
value in relationship with other units in nature too, we are able to recognize our connectedness with
them to, and fulfill it. This enables us to participate in the universal human order (sarvabhaum
vyavastha).

‘The family is the basic unit of human interaction. Do you agree with the statement?’ Explain
your answer using examples.

“Familyisanaturallaboratorytounderstandhumanrelationships”– elaborate.

ANS. The family is the basic unit of human interaction… itis the anchor that roots us… it gives us
bothrootsto hold and wings to fly. It is not surprising that childrenwho growup in happyfamilies are
more successful and well-adjusted in life.

Family relations can give us strength to face the world. How wonderful it feels to return to a
happy home after a hard day at work? Our family can be our sounding board to bounce off creative
ideas, our greatest supporter during adversity and the source of unconditional love. Now imagine a
situation where there are very unpleasant relations at home… bitter fights, jealousies and the blame
game being played out! A person would actually hate going home of such an oppressive atmosphere.

Family feuds can cause depression, anxiety, sleeplessness, loss of appetite, sadness, confusion
and rage. No one wants to live like that! Here are some simple rules for turning family feuds intofamily
fun.
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“Relationship IS, and it exists between one ‘Jeevan’ and the other ‘Jeevan’.” Examine this
statement.

ANS. Once we have recognized the existence of human relationships, we are subsequently able to
identify the feelings (values). When we work and behave according to these feelings, it leads to
fulfillment of both sides in the relationship, i.e. it leads to mutual fulfillment. Evaluation is a natural
process whenwe live inrelationships and we constantlyevaluating ours’ and the other’s feelings inthe
relationship. For example, trust is wanted in a relationship and if there is a mutual feeling oftrust, then
it leads to mutual fulfillment and there are no complaints. But if there is doubt on the other, the
happiness in relationship is missing. It is not possible to create the relationships that are existent in a
family. We are naturally born into this. In a similar way, the family has not invented the social
dependencies in which it exists. The family exists naturally as a part of this social web of
interdependency. So, we are embedded in relationships, they are there and all that we need to do is to
recognize them and understand.