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 The Prophet Muhammad
A Mercy to the World

Imam Muhammad Shirazi

fountain books
BM Box 8545
London WC1N 3XX
UK
www.fountainbooks.com

In association with
Imam Shirazi World Foundation
1220 L. Street N.W. Suite # 100 – 333
Washington, D.C. 20005 – 4018, U.S.A.
www.ImamShirazi.com

First English edition, 2005

ISBN 1-903323-17-7
© fountain books
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior permission of fountain books.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British
Library.

ii
Hope is a mercy for my nation. Where not for hope,
no mother would ever feed her child, and no
gardener would ever plant a tree.

The best of combat is to combat one’s self that is

between one’s flanks.

The Prophet Muhammad

A man brought the chick of a bird to the gathering of the

Prophet and his companions, and they noticed that the
parent of the chick was following it, flapping around it.
When the man sat down its parent threw itself upon its
chick, and did not concern itself with the danger, out of
care towards its chick. This astonished the companions.
The Prophet Muhammad then turned to his companions
and said: ‘Are you amazed at this bird? You have taken its
chick and it threw itself into danger out of mercy for the
chick! I swear by God, your Lord is more merciful to you
than this bird is to its chick. Then he turned to the man and
asked him to let the chick go.

iii
iv
 Contents
INTRODUCTION IX

CHAPTER ONE 1

A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD 1

HIS CHILDHOOD 2
HIS ADULTHOOD 4
START OF HIS MISSION 6
RESONANCE OF HIS CALL 7
‘NEUTRALISE THE MESSENGER AND HIS MESSAGE’ 8
END OF ONE TORMENT AND START OF OTHERS 11
MIGRATION OF THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH 12
MESSENGER OF ALLAH ARRIVES AT MEDINA 14
FIRST MUSLIM COMMUNITY 16
MECCA LIBERATED 17
IDEAL ISLAMIC ORDER 20
THE TWO MOMENTOUS THINGS 22

CHAPTER TWO 29

SUBLIME QUALITIES OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD 29

INSPIRATIONAL CONDUCTS 29
HIS DEALINGS WITH THE PEOPLE 30
HIS HUMILITY 34
THE SYMBOL OF LOVE AND BLESSINGS 36
HIS CLEMENT AND FORGIVING NATURE 38
HIS STEADFASTNESS 39
HIS ABSTINENCE 41
HIS MERCIFUL NATURE 42
HIS KINDNESS TO ANIMALS 43
HIS BRAVERY 44

v
HIS PRAYER 45
HIS FASTS 48
HIS JUSTICE 49
ASKING FOR FORGIVENESS 51
PRAISING ALMIGHTY GOD 51
ENCOURAGEMENT OF ALMSGIVING 52
HIS HUMOUR 53
QUALITIES REFLECTED IN HIS CONDUCTS 54

CHAPTER THREE 60

POLICIES OF THE PROPHET AT TIMES OF CONFLICT 60

AN OVERVIEW 60
IN THE EYES OF HIS OPPONENTS 66
CONDUCTS AND STRATEGIES OF BATTLE 70
WITH THE PRISONERS OF BATTLE OF BADR 73
RANSOM OF HIS SON-IN-LAW 74
PROHIBITION OF TORTURE AND MUTILATION 75
RETURNS EVIL WITH GOOD 76
GIVES HIS FOES THE CHOICE OF PEACE 77
HIS MAGNANIMITY 79
HIS CARE FOR HIS COMPANIONS 80
HE GOES HUNGRY 81
FOE TURNS INTO FRIEND 82
TOLERATES THE ENEMY OF THE STATE 83
HIS ADHERENCE TO THE PEACE TREATY OF HODAYBIYAH 85
AMONG THE BLESSINGS OF THE TREATY OF HODAYBIYAH 86
KINDNESS TO CAPTIVES 88
THE PROTECTORATE 89
THE JEWS ENTER ISLAM 90
FORGIVENESS NOT REVENGE 91
A JEW’S WORD WAS ENOUGH 92
THE BEARER OF THE WHITE BANNER 93

vi
THE PROPHET FORGIVES THE TRAITOR 94
BEFORE ENTERING MECCA 98
CONDUCT OF ISLAM UPON VICTORY 100
WITH THE CUSTODIAN OF THE KA!BAH 103
FORGIVE YOUR ARCHENEMIES 105
WITH HIS WOULD BE ASSASSIN 108
ABANDONING THE PROPHET’S TEACHINGS 109
TREACHERY AND MAKING AMENDS 110

CHAPTER FOUR 112

SOCIAL POLICIES OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD 112

HIS GOVERNMENT 114
HIS MANNERS AND ETHICS 116
HIS COMPASSION 118
HIS TOLERANCE 119
HIS FORGIVENESS 120
HIS GENEROSITY 121
WITH A JEW 123
HIS HELPING AND HOSPITALITY 124
HE ENDEAVOURS TO PLEASE OTHERS 127
EARN YOUR LIVING 129
HE TURNS FOES INTO FRIENDS 130
FOES TESTIFY TO HIS DISTINCTION 131
KINDNESS BEAUTIFIES 131
HIS LOYALTY 132
HIS HUMBLENESS 133
HE SERVES AT HOME 134
THE TRUSTWORTHY ONE 134
YOU FIRST 135
THE PRAGMATIC STATESMAN 136
HE NEVER CHANGED 137
THE PROPHET SHOULD BE EMULATED 138

vii
CHAPTER FIVE 139

SELECTED SAYINGS OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD 139

ON SUPPLICATION 139
ON FAMILIAL BONDS 141
ON GOOD MORALS AND CONDUCTS 142
ON CLEMENCY 146
ON BEING CONSCIOUS OF ALMIGHTY GOD 148
ON FORGIVENESS, KINDNESS AND MERCY 150
ON TOILING AND EARNING THAT WHICH IS LAWFUL 152
ON HUMILITY 153
ON THE REPREHENSIBILITY OF ARROGANCE 155
ON CONSULTATION 158
ON GENEROSITY 159
ON DISCOURAGING MISERLINESS 160
ON FULFILLING PROMISES 162
ON PATIENCE AND BEARING HARDSHIPS 162
ON ALMSGIVING 163
ON TRUTHFULNESS 164
ON ABSTINENCE 165
ON BACKBITING 168
ON JUSTICE 169
WORDS OF LIGHT 171

CHAPTER SIX 178

THE PROPHET AS SEEN BY WESTERN THINKERS 178

TRANSLITERATION 192
ABOUT THE AUTHOR 198

viii
 Introduction

Introduction
For a long time, a need was felt for a brief book that captures
the essence of the way of life and teachings of the Prophet
Muhammad, and at the same time serves as an easy
introduction for the layperson to the greatest personality that
mankind has ever known. Despite the many reference and
scholarly books on the subject, few give a glimpse of the
magnificent character and conduct of the final messenger of
God in the way the works of Grand Ayatollah Imam
Muhammad Shirazi do.
The life and teachings of the Prophet were central and
omnipresent to the many books written by Imam Muhammad
Shirazi, where he extensively refers to the Prophet’s teachings
or his policies, citing the stances the Prophet had in various
events, or the policies he had adopted with respect to
particular issues, and bases his analyses on the teachings of
the Prophet Muhammad may Allah bless him and his
impeccable family.
Presented in this book are extracts from three different works
by the author about the Prophet Muhammad and some of his
teachings. However, this is not intended to be a collection of
all the works by the author about the Prophet Muhammad,
which number tens of books.
This work is not intended to be a comprehensive
chronological presentation of the life of the Prophet, nor does
it aim to detail all his teachings. It is intended to give some
idea about the historic transformation that has been initiated
by the Prophet and the change he induced in the course of
mankind’s life.

ix
 Mercy to the World

To help appreciate the significance of the universal

renaissance that the Prophet Muhammad began some fourteen
centuries ago, it is necessary to be aware of the status quo that
prevailed at the time prior to start of his prophetic mission,
even if outlined very briefly. As an eyewitness of the state of
affair of the human society at the time, Imam Ali says:
“Allah sent Muhammad some time after the
other messengers, and after the nations of the
world had been slumbering for a long time.
Strife had become entrenched, affairs disparate,
and wars raging. The light of the world had
become obscured, and vanities had become
foremost. The leaves of life had then become
yellow, its fruits rare, and its water dried up. The
lighthouse of guidance had crumbled, and the
signs of ruin had become manifest. The world
scowled upon its people, frowned in the face of
those who sought after it. Strife was the only
fruit, carrion the only food, fear the only motto,
the sword the only clothing.”
In another speech Imam Ali describes the “Age of Ignorance”
that prevailed before the prophetic mission:
“Allah sent Muhammad when the people were
astray and in confusion, lost in strife. Their vain
desires had overcome them, and arrogance had
brought them down. The ignorance of the times
had made them make light of the ignorant ones.
They were helpless, caught in the earthquake
and calamity of ignorance. So Muhammad went
to great lengths to give wise counsel and walked
the right path and called to wisdom and fine
preaching.”

x
 Introduction

It was with this kind of background that the Prophet of Islam

began his mission to teach and educate the masses, to promote
virtue and prohibit vice; to encourage them to reflect upon
and therefore reform their state of affairs and determine their
destiny.
This work is a small presentation of events in which the
prophet was involved, to help reflect on the supreme
personality that has left its mark on the course of humanity,
and it shall continue to do so for as long as man lives on this
planet.
On some occasions in this work some of the events may be
similar or the same, this is because it was decided that the
chapters that were taken from the various books by the author
remain in tact as much as possible and with minimum
alteration, although some minor editing were made.
In the majority of cases the events are cited without much or
any comments or analysis. This is due to a number of
reasons:
o To keep this work as short and brief as possible, and
not lengthy and tiresome;
o To allow the reader to draw his/her own
conclusion(s), which in most cases are self-
explanatory. Even the quotes from western
intellectuals that have been cited by the editorial
board have been placed towards the end of the book,
so that these may not influence the mind of the reader
prior to reading this work.
The book is comprised of six chapters. Chapters Two to Five
are extracted from the author’s original works. Chapter One
presents a short outline by the editor, of the biography of the

xi
 Mercy to the World

Prophet Muhammad. This part was included to give the reader

a glimpse of the life of the Prophet from his birth up to his
death.
Chapter Two addresses some of the moral qualities and values
of the Prophet; whether in their outward manifestation such as
his interactions with others be it friends, foes, or even
animals, or in innate and personal virtues such as his humility,
abstinence, steadfastness, bravery, and prayers. This part is
taken from the author’s work al-sirah al-fawwa>h}ah, ‘The
Perfumed Path’, which is a brief presentation of the life and
the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.
Chapter Three outlines the general policies and stances the
Prophet had at times of conflict. It addresses the etiquettes
and strategies the Prophet adopted for battle, his efforts to
avoid fighting by giving his opponents the choice of war or
peace, his tolerance towards his opponents and his
forgiveness of traitors, his teachings on the treatment of
prisoners and the prohibition of torture, his conduct upon
victory, and finally his position in the eyes of his foes. An
overview of this topic is extracted from the author’s work as-
sabil ila inha>d} al-muslimin, ‘Towards a Muslim Renaissance’,
and the rest of this part is taken from author’s wa li awwal
marrah fi ta’rikh al-ca>lam, ‘The Prophet Muhammad: Unique
in World History’, Imam Shirazi’s two volume biography of
the Prophet Muhammad.
Chapter Four sheds some light on the Prophet’s social policies
as well as his personal conduct mostly when the Islamic
community took hold in the city of Medina. The Prophet
continued to win hearts and minds of the public through his
social and fiscal policies. This part is taken from the author’s
work as-sabil ila inha>d} al-muslimin, ‘Towards a Muslim
Renaissance’.

xii
 Introduction

Chapter Five presents various teachings and sayings of the

Prophet Muhammad on a variety of ethical and social issues
that signify the characteristics of an Islamic society. Such
teachings, which in general address every aspect of life in this
world, and also matters concerning the hereafter, are
traditionally referred to as the hadith of the Prophet, and the
conduct of the Prophet, and the manifestation of those
teachings – known as Sunnah – are adhered to by the
devotees. This part is taken from the author’s work al-sirah
al-fawwa>h}ah, ‘The Perfumed Path’ of the Prophet
Muhammad.
The author’s works “wa li awwal marrah fi ta’rikh al-ca>lam”,
‘The Prophet Muhammad: Unique in World History’ and the
relevant chapters of al-sirah al-fawwa>h}ah, ‘The Perfumed
Path’, were translated by Ali Adam, and the work as-sabil ila
inha>d} al-muslimin, ‘Towards a Muslim Renaissance’ was
translated by Yaseen Jibouri.
Chapter Six is a selection of statements by western thinkers
about the Prophet Muhammad.
At the end of the book a section is provided on transliteration
that is used for some of the Arabic words and names that
appear in this book.
The significance of this book lies in the fact it presents the
role model to humanity in the person of the Prophet
Muhammad who gave the best possible that can be given and
sacrificed with all he had in order to guide humanity to the
path that guarantees prosperity for it in this world and in the
hereafter, and indeed he succeeded in doing so in the best
possible manner. It is therefore not unexpected when non-
Muslim intellectuals consider him to be the most influential
person in the history of mankind, as the American scholar

xiii
 Mercy to the World

Michael H. Hart states in his work “The 100: A Ranking of

the Most Influential Persons in History”:
[Muhammad] was the only man in history who
was supremely successful on both the religious
and secular levels.
The writer George Bernard-Shaw says:
I hold the religion of Muhammad in the highest
esteem for its astounding vitality. It seems to me
to be the only religion which is equipped to suit
the changing faces of life and which is
appropriate for all ages. I have studied the life of
this amazing man and I believe that he deserves
to be called the saviour of the human race.
And thus the prophet not only deserves to be a role model for
humanity, but in fact he is the best role model mankind can
ever find. The Almighty states in the Qur’an,
Ye have indeed in the Messenger of Allah an
excellent exemplar
Addressing the Prophet himself, the Almighty states:
And indeed you have sublime ethics
And finally Imam Ali peace be upon him declares,
“Whoever seeks a role model, let the Prophet be
his role model; otherwise, he shall have no
safeguard against perdition.”
Z. Olyabek
Muharram 1426
February 2005

xiv
 A Brief Biography of Prophet Muhammad

CHAPTER ONE
We have sent thee not except as a mercy
to all the Worlds
The Holy Qur’an, The Prophets (21): 107
We have sent thee not except as a giver
of glad-tidings and a warner to all the
peoples
The Holy Qur’an, Sheba (34): 28

A Brief Biography of Prophet Muhammad

Muhammad was the son of Abdullah, who was the son of
Abdul-Muttalib, who was the son of Hashim; whose ancestry
reaches the Prophet Ismael son of the Prophet Abraham,
peace be upon them.
The Prophet Muhammad was born in the city of Mecca, in
Arabia, on a Friday, the 17th day of the lunar month of Rabi‘-
I, in the year 570CE into a noble family whose fathers and
ancestors were amongst the chiefs of the Quraysh tribe, and
the Bani-Hashim clan.
His Prophetic mission began in the year 610CE on the 27th
day of the month of Rajab, when he first received the divine
revelation. Then the Qur’an was revealed to the Prophet
progressively according to the circumstances of the time over
a period of 23 years.
The Prophet Muhammad was killed by poisoning on the 28th
day of the month of Safar in the 11th year of the Hijrah1,
630CE.

1
The occasion of the Hijrah (literally migration, and by extension the
migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to thwart those

1
 Mercy to the World

His Childhood
Muhammad’s father Abdullah son of Abdul-Muttalib was the
best and most pious among the sons of Abdul-Muttalib and
his most beloved. Abdullah died while Muhammad was still
in his mother’s womb. All that he left behind were five
camels and a servant girl named Barakah, also known as
Omm Ayman, who was Muhammad’s nanny. Abdullah was a
true believer and a monotheist.
After Abdullah’s death, Muhammad’s grandfather, Abdul-
Muttalib, became his guardian. Abdul-Muttalib was one of the
chieftains of the tribe of Quraysh, and a believer in Allah [in
the way of Prophet Abraham], as was Abu Talib, a brother of
Abdullah. Abdul-Muttalib always respected and honoured
treaties and adopted the finest of morals. He loved the poor
and helped pilgrims. He would even feed the wild beasts and
the birds of the mountaintops. He would feed people in times
of famine and would restrain wrongdoers.
Muhammad’s mother was Aamenah daughter of Wahab son
of Abd Manaf son of Kilab. She was also a believer in Allah.
When Muhammad was born his mother said: ‘As soon as I
put my child on the ground he leaned with his hands on the
ground, raised his head to the skies and looked at the horizons
all the while speaking in phrases of monotheism. Then a voice
called out to me saying: ‘The best of mankind has been born
so name him Muhammad.’
Then Aamenah sent for Abdul-Muttalib. He came to her and
she said: ‘A wondrous boy has been born to you.’ Then she
brought baby Muhammad to him. Abdul-Muttalib looked at

from the Quraysh who had plotted to assassinate him) marks the beginning
of the Islamic calendar. The Hijrah took place around 622CE.

2
 A Brief Biography of Prophet Muhammad

him then took him and entered the Ka‘bah2 and prayed to
Allah. Then he left the Ka‘bah and returned him to his mother
and named him Muhammad.
Muhammad was not yet seven years old when his mother
died. After his mother’s death, his grandfather Abdul-
Muttalib assumed guardianship of him. Because of his
knowledge of the status of the child and his faith in him he
treated Muhammad with more care and attention than his
other children. A group of the Medlaj Clan came to Mecca
and when they saw Muhammad they said to his grandfather:
‘Take good care of him for we have never seen another of his
station.’
Abdul-Muttalib said to Abu Talib in his will to heed what
they say and take care of him. Muhammad was eight when
his grandfather died, and he was taken into the care of his
uncle Abu Talib.
Abu Talib, chief of the Bani-Hashim clan within the
Quraysh3, then became the guardian of Muhammad from his
eighth year. Abu Talib went on to protect and serve the
Messenger of Allah, defending him and honouring him
throughout the testing times of his Prophethood, until the last
breath of his life.

2
The Ka‘bah is a cubical structure symbolising the House of God that was
built by the Prophet Adam on instructions from the Almighty God in an
uninhabited valley, which in turn brought about the creation of the holy city
of Mecca around it.
3
The Quraysh is a collection of clans and tribes all of whom are blood
related.

3
 Mercy to the World

His Adulthood
Muhammad grew up to become a fine young man. He
became known for his excellent manners, and because of the
honesty in his conduct and dealings he was referred to as al-
Saadiq (The Truthful One) and al-Amin (The Trustworthy
One).
As a youngster Muhammad used to accompany his uncle on
his business trips to Syria. When the Messenger of Allah
reached the age of twelve he journeyed with his uncle Abu
Talib as far as Busra. There he was seen by a Christian monk
named Georges who recognised him by his description. He
took his hand and said: ‘This is the chief of the Worlds, God
will send him as a mercy to the Worlds.’ Abu Talib said:
‘How do you know this?’ He said: ‘We find mention of him
in our books.’ He asked Abu Talib to take him back fearing
for his safety.
As an adult, Muhammad worked as a trader between the cities
of Mecca and Damascus, and earned a great reputation in the
process. Having heard of the reputation of Muhammad, Lady
Khadijah, one of the noblest of the Quraysh, on one occasion
commissioned him to take charge of some of her trading
business between the two cities. Lady Khadijah sent one of
her servants, Maysarah, along with him to keep an eye on him
and report back to her. Having seen his performance in the
business, and the returns he had produced as well as his
honesty, Lady Khadijah put Muhammad in charge of her
business. Although she had many proposals of marriage from
various dignitaries of the Quraysh, Lady Khadijah declined
them all. It is reported that it was Lady Khadijah who, albeit
indirectly and discreetly, made the marriage proposal to
Muhammad. Some historians have reported that when they
married in 595CE they were both 25.

4
 A Brief Biography of Prophet Muhammad

Lady Khadijah gave birth to three children. All of the

Prophet’s children were from Khadijah except Ibrahim who
was from Mary the Copt, who was born in Medina and lived
for a year and ten months. The male children who were all
born in Mecca were; al-Qasim which is where Muhammad’s
epithet (Abul-Qasim; meaning Qasim’s father) comes from,
and Abdullah. The boys all died young during the lifetime of
the Prophet. His only daughter was Fatimah, who married
Imam Ali son of Abu Talib, and bore him Imam Hasan and
Imam Husayn, Zaynab and Omm Kolthuom, and another son
who was named Mohassen by the Prophet before his birth.
Fatimah was the only one of the siblings to survive the
Messenger of Allah. The Prophet Muhammad used to say
Hasan and Husayn are two Imams (leaders) whether they rise
up (against tyranny) or not.
Ali was born to Abu Talib and his wife Fatimah bint Assad in
600CE. Ali’s birth was associated with a particularly
significant phenomenon. When Fatimah bint Assad was in
labour she came to the Ka‘bah pleading to God for help with
her labour. It is reported by various narrators and recorded by
many chroniclers that as she was engaged in her prayers by
the southern wall of the Ka‘bah, the wall split open and she
entered the House, whereby the wall returned to its normal
state. Having observed this extraordinary phenomenon,
people who were present tried to follow her into the House
through the opening but did not succeed. They then tried to
go inside the House through its door but could not unlock the
door. Reports indicate that she was inside the House for three
days, and when she left the House with her newborn she did
so in the same manner as she entered the House.
The Prophet Muhammad took particular interest in baby Ali,
and he played a major role in Ali’s upbringing and education.

5
 Mercy to the World

Ali would be the most ardent supporter of the Prophet

throughout the difficult years of the Prophet Muhammad’s
mission to convey the divine message and the teachings of
Islam to the masses.

Start of His Mission

The Prophet Muhammad used to spend much time in prayer
and worship of the one God. This he used to do in a cave,
known as Hira, in the al-Noor mountain near the city of
Mecca.
In 610CE, at the age of forty, Muhammad received the first of
the divine revelations when he was engaged in devotion and
prayer inside the cave of Hira: >In the name of Allah the
Merciful, the Compassionate; Read in the name of thy
Lord who created, Created man from a clot, Read and thy
lord is the most noble, Who taught by pen, Taught man
what he knew not . . .@ 4
The Prophet Muhammad conveyed the news and the Message
to Ali and Lady Khadijah. Ali and Lady Khadijah both
embraced the new revelation instantly and without any
hesitation.
Khadijah was thus the first woman to believe in the
Messenger of Allah and the first woman to pray with him. She
supported him wholeheartedly and spent all her wealth in the
way of Allah. She was the first woman that the Prophet
married and he married no other during her lifetime. She was
immensely loyal to the Prophet. The Angel Gabriel ordered
him to convey a special greeting and a blessing from God as
well as ordering that he give the land of Fadak to Fatimah as

4
The Holy Qur’an, The Clot (96): 1-5

6
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