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2
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Copyright
HarperCollinsPublishers
1 London Bridge Street
London SE1 9GF

www.harpercollins.co.uk

First published 1985 as Care for your Puppy by William Collins Sons & Co Ltd

This new edition published 2015

© Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 2015

RSPCA name and logo are trademarks of RSPCA used by HarperCollinsPublishers


Limited under licence from RSPCA Trading Limited. From every book sold 5% of
HarperCollins’ proceeds from sales will be paid to RSPCA Trading Limited which
pays all of its taxable profits to the RSPCA. Registered in England and Wales, Charity
No. 219099 www.rspca.org.uk

The RSPCA is registered in England and Wales, Charity No. 219099

www.rspca.org.uk

Front cover image: RSPCA

This book has been compiled on the basis of expert advice and scientific research. To
the best of our knowledge it is correct at the time of going to press. The information
contained in this book is intended only as a guide. If you are unsure, or you have any
concerns about your pet(s), you must speak to a vet, who will be able to give you
advice that is appropriate for your individual animal(s).

The Animal Welfare Act 2006 applies to England and Wales. Similar separate
legislation covers Scotland and Northern Ireland, so owners must fulfil the same legal
duties of care.

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By


payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-

3
transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on screen. No part of this
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text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or


stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form
or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter
invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins.

Source ISBN: 9780008118273


eBook Edition © 2015 ISBN: 9780008119218
Version: 2015-04-16

4
VetBooks.ir

Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Foreword
Introduction
Choosing the right type of dog for you
Types of dog
Buying a puppy
Biology

Environment
Diet
Behaviour
Company
Health and welfare

Your questions answered


More RSPCA Pet Guides
List of Searchable Terms
Resources
About the Publisher

5
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Foreword
Owning a puppy can be incredibly rewarding and a great source of
companionship. Pets can provide opportunities for social interactions, helping
people feel less lonely and isolated. Growing up with pets also offers health
benefits, and caring for an animal can help improve a child’s social skills,
encouraging the development of compassion, understanding and a respect for
living things. Having a puppy is, however, a huge responsibility and requires
long-term commitment in terms of care and finances.
Before getting a puppy, it is important that time is taken to discuss the
commitment and care required with all family members, and that everyone
agrees to having and looking after a puppy in the home. Bear in mind that once
you have your puppy there is a legal requirement under the Animal Welfare Act
2006 to care for them properly, so you must be sure that you will be able to do
this throughout your puppy’s life. This means providing somewhere suitable
for them to live, a healthy diet, opportunities to behave normally, the provision
of appropriate company, and ensuring that they are well.
If you are able to care for a puppy properly and make the decision to go
ahead, then please consider giving a home to one of the many puppies currently
in the RSPCA’s animal centres throughout England and Wales.
This book is based on up-to-date knowledge of dog behaviour and welfare
approved by the RSPCA. It has been written to provide you with all the care
information you need to keep your puppy happy and healthy throughout your
lives together. We hope you enjoy it.

Samantha Gaines BSc (Hons) MSc PhD


Alice Potter BSc (Hons) MSc
Lisa Richards BSc (Hons)
Jane Tyson BSc (Hons) MSc PhD
Animal behaviour and welfare experts, Companion
Animals Department, RSPCA

6
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Becky Murray/RSPCA

7
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Introduction

Eight-week-old crossbreed puppies.

Owning and caring for a dog can be great fun and very rewarding. It is also a
big responsibility and a long-term commitment. Typically, dogs live for around
12 years, but some may live much longer, so before you get a puppy here are
some of the things you need to consider:

8
Keeping a dog is costly
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There is the initial expense of the puppy and everything they will need, such as
toys and bedding. There are also long-term costs you should budget for, such as
food, insurance, the cost of boarding kennels or pet sitters when you go on
holiday, and veterinary care, which includes vaccinations.

Dogs need space


Before you commit, consider whether you have enough space for a dog. All
dogs, even small ones, need exercise and somewhere they can rest undisturbed.
So have a think about whether there is space in your house (and also in your
car), and if there are suitable places where you can take your dog for regular
exercise.

Dogs need company


Will a dog fit in with your lifestyle? Can you be around so your pet is not left
alone for long periods, and can you put aside enough time each day for walks,
training, play and everything else your puppy needs?

The right type of dog for your family and lifestyle


Take time to find out which type of dog will fit best into your family. While you
may have a preference regarding the breed, size or sex, remember that every
dog is unique. How a puppy behaves and fits into your family will depend on
how they are treated and trained, as well as their character and temperament.

The Animal Welfare Act


Under the Animal Welfare Act 2006 it is a legal obligation to care for animals
properly by meeting five welfare needs. These are: a suitable place to live, a
healthy diet including clean, fresh water, the ability to behave normally,
appropriate company, and protection from pain, injury and illness. This care
guide contains lots of information and tips to help you make sure these needs
are met.

9
Life History
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SCIENTIFIC NAME
Canis familiaris

GESTATION PERIOD
63 days (approx.)
LITTER SIZE
Varies, average of 6 (approx.)
EYES OPEN
10–14 days (approx.)
WEANING AGE
From 3–4 weeks of age, puppies can be offered small amounts of
moistened food in addition to their mother’s milk. They can be fully
weaned at about 8 weeks.

PUBERTY
Varies with size and type of dog, 6–12 months
ADULT WEIGHT
Varies greatly, can be up to 70kg (150lbs) (approx.)
LIFE EXPECTANCY
12 years (average)

10
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Becky Murray/RSPCA
Twelve-week-old tri-coloured Collie.

11
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Choosing the right type of dog for


you
If you are certain that you will be able to care for a puppy, the next stage is to
do plenty of research to decide which type of dog is right for you.

Extra-Large and Large Dogs


Afghan Hound
Borzoi
Boxer
Bullmastiff
Chow Chow
Dalmatian
Deerhound
Dobermann
German Shepherd Dog (illustrated)
Giant Schnauzer
Great Dane
Greyhound
Irish Setter
Mastiff
Newfoundland
Old English Sheepdog
Pointer and German Pointer
Poodle (Standard)
Pyrenean Mountain Dog
Retriever (including Labrador)
Rhodesian Ridgeback
Rottweiler
Saluki
Weimaraner

12
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Medium-Size Dogs
Australian Cattle Dog
Beagle
Collie and Border Collie
Keeshond
Poodle (Miniature)
Shetland Sheepdog
Spaniel (e.g. English Springer (illustrated), Welsh Springer, Sussex)
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
Terrier (e.g. Irish, Kerry Blue, Soft-Coated Wheaten)
Whippet

13
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Sex
Personal taste apart, there is very little significance in the choice between a
male and a female puppy, as both can make excellent pets. Both sexes will
require neutering to avoid unwanted pregnancies. Neutering can also reduce
behaviours such as roaming and urine marking in male dogs, and prevents
females from attracting unwanted attention when they come into season. It can
also have health benefits for your dog. There is no need for a female to have a
litter before she is neutered. Speak to your vet about the best time to neuter
your dog.

Size
Dogs vary in size more than any other pet animal, even within breeds, so this is
an important consideration when choosing a dog. It is easily overlooked when
you are looking at a litter of tiny puppies, but remember that some breeds of
dog can grow into adults weighing as much as 70kg (150lbs). Whatever their
size, all dogs need space in which to relax, play and exercise. The following is
only a very general guide with examples:

14
Small Dogs
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Dachshund (Miniature Long-haired)


Poodle (Toy)
Schipperke
Schnauzer
(Miniature)
Shih Tzu
Terrier (e.g. Australian, West Highland White (illustrated), Border Cairn)

Toy Dogs
Chihuahua
Griffons Bruxellois
Italian Greyhound
Japanese Chin
Maltese
Miniature Pinscher
Papillon
Pekingese
Pomeranian (illustrated)
Spaniel (e.g. Cavalier King Charles, King Charles)
Terrier (e.g. Australian Silky, English Toy, Yorkshire)

15
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16
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Types of dog

Joe Murphy/RSPCA; Andrew Forsyth/RSPCA Koljambus/bigstock.com; Joe Murphy/RSPCA;


Pastoral dogs: Border Collie cross; Utility dogs: Schnauzer; Working dogs: Dobermann;
Toy dogs: Chihuahua; Terriers: Border Terrier;

Over the centuries, different types of dog have been bred for specific purposes,
so people tend to think of some types as being ‘family dogs’ or ‘easy to train’.
Others like a particular type because of their looks. Both factors often
influence people when they are choosing a dog. Keep in mind, however, that
you need to look beyond these generalizations, as every dog has their own
unique character and temperament. The way they behave will depend upon
how they are reared, treated and trained. Dogs are generally classified by type
into certain groups, but regardless of what they were bred for, all dogs need
exercise, training and appropriate care.

17
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Andrew Forsyth/RSPCA; Becky Murray/RSPCA


Hounds: Lurcher.

Purebred or crossbreed
Whether you decide to buy a purebred dog (the dog’s parents are both the same
single breed) or a crossbreed (a mix of two or more breeds), there is a huge
variety to choose from. There are advantages to both of these, and your
decision may depend upon your personal choice, your situation and the
circumstances of the puppies you are considering. When buying puppies that
the breeders have registered as pedigrees, you will have a better idea of their
parentage and what to expect in terms of their adult appearance. Genetic testing
may also have been carried out to ensure that puppies are not predisposed to
particular conditions. On the other hand, crossbreeds are less likely to show
the exaggerated physical features and inherited diseases present in particular
breeds, although they can still inherit disorders from their parents’ breeds.
They also generally cost less to buy and are cheaper to insure. Whatever type
of dog you’re thinking of getting, it’s important to find out what health and
physical issues they may be vulnerable to developing. Quite apart from your
puppy’s pain and suffering, you may face expensive bills for veterinary

18
treatment. Knowing which types of dogs tend to have fewer problems will give
VetBooks.ir

you the best chance of getting a happy, healthy puppy.

Hounds
Hounds were originally used for hunting, either by sight or by scent, but many
are kept successfully as pets and can live with other animals. Sight hounds
include the Afghan Hound, Borzoi, Greyhound and Saluki. Scent hounds
include the Beagle and Bloodhound.

Terriers
These are typically the smallest of the hunting breeds. Terrier breeds include
the Airedale, Border, Irish, Kerry Blue, Lakeland, Scottish, Skye, Welsh and
West Highland White.

Gundogs
These dogs were originally trained to find, point and retrieve game, usually
gamebirds, including waterfowl. Gundogs include Setters, Pointers, Retrievers
and Spaniels. Of these, the Labrador Retriever tends to be the most popular
pet.

Gundogs: Labrador Retriever;

19
Working dogs
VetBooks.ir

These include dogs originally bred to do a range of jobs, including guarding,


and search and rescue, although many are now kept primarily as family pets.
The group includes the Boxer, Bullmastiff and Rottweiler; polar breeds, such
as the Alaskan Malamute, Samoyed and Siberian Husky; and search and rescue
breeds, such as the St Bernard and the Newfoundland.

Pastoral dogs
This group consists of dogs originally bred for herding cattle, sheep, reindeer
and other animals. It includes breeds of various sizes, such as the Collie
family, the Finnish Lapphund, and sheepdogs, including the Old English and
Maremma Sheepdog.

Utility dogs
Utility dogs are those breeds that are not included in the sporting or working
categories above, but were once bred for a particular role, although as with
dogs from other groups, many are now successfully kept as pets. Members of
this group include the Akita, Dalmatian, Keeshond, Poodle and Schnauzer.

Toy dogs
Many toy breeds were bred to be companion or lap dogs, although like all
dogs they require exercise and training. Some well-known toy breeds include
the Chihuahua, Maltese, Papillon, Pekingese, Pomeranian, Pug and Yorkshire
Terrier. Because of their small size, these dogs can be vulnerable to injury.

20
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