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Ruby on Rails ® for Microsoft Developers
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
Chapter 1: Getting Started with Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 2: Understanding Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Chapter 3: Ruby’s Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Chapter 4: Programming Ruby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Chapter 5: A Working Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Chapter 6: Incremental Development, Logging, and Debugging . . . . . . . . . . 197
Chapter 7: Object-Relational Mapping with ActiveRecord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Chapter 8: Handling Requests with ActionController . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Chapter 9: Rendering the User Interface with ActionView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Chapter 10: ActiveResource and Web Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Chapter 11: Going Into Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Appendix A: Additional Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
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Ruby on Rails®
for Microsoft Developers
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Ruby on Rails®
for Microsoft Developers
Antonio Cangiano
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Ruby on Rails® for Microsoft Developers
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Copyright © 2009 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
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For Jessica, my guiding star.
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About the Author
Antonio Cangiano is a Software Engineer and Technical Evangelist at the IBM Toronto Software Lab.
He authored the initial ActiveRecord adapter for IBM DB2 and received an IBM Outstanding Technical
Achievement Award for his work with Rails. As a long-standing programmer, he has developed with
Microsoft .NET since its first public beta, while maintaining a keen interest in multiple programming lan-
guages and technologies as well. He discovered Ruby and Ruby on Rails in 2004, immediately recognizing
their potential, and has adopted them as his favorite development tools ever since. Cangiano has contrib-
uted to books on the subject in both English and Italian, as well as to a few Open Source projects. You can
find more of his writing on his blog, Zen and the Art of Programming (http://antoniocangiano.com).
Credits
Acquisitions Editor Vice President and Executive Group Publisher
Jenny Watson Richard Swadley
Winston Churchill once said, “Writing a book is an adventure. To begin with, it is a toy and an amuse-
ment; then it becomes a mistress, and then it becomes a master, and then a tyrant. The last phase is that
just as you are about to be reconciled to your servitude, you kill the monster, and fling him out to the
public.” There is a lot of truth to those sentiments and I feel compelled to briefly thank the people who
helped me “kill that monster,” as well as those who made the whole process enjoyable.
It has been my pleasure to work with the good folks at Wrox. In particular, I would like to thank Jenny
Watson for giving me the opportunity to write this book, my two development editors Kelly Talbot and
Sydney Jones for their advice and help with keeping me on track, and my technical editor Ian Piper,
as well as Gus Miklos, for their invaluable suggestions. I also would like to thank my manager Leon
Katsnelson, who first brought the possibility of writing this book to my attention, and for his continu-
ous support.
I would like to express my gratitude to several people who helped me out in various ways; these friends
and world class programmers are (in alphabetical order): Piergiuliano Bossi, Ninh Bui, Marco Ceresa,
Paolo Corti, Giovanni Intini, Hongli Lai, Ludovico Magnocavallo, Carlo Miron, Lawrence Oluyede,
Gregg Pollack, and Valentino Volonghi. I can’t help but also thank Antani and Tarapia Tapioco. A huge
thank you goes straight to Marco Beri who was writing a book at the same time as I was writing mine.
I’d sometimes tease him by saying that he wasn’t as lucky as me, since his book wasn’t on Rails, but on
Django, a framework for the Python language. Inside jokes aside, our interaction via instant messaging
kept my spirits high and provided encouragement during the many long nights spent in front of a glow-
ing monitor. My appreciation also goes out to several people who kindly offered their help with review-
ing this book as it was being written. I’m sorry that time constraints and logistics didn’t allow for this. As
well, I can’t forget to mention Andrea Peltrin, a great Web designer who helped me improve the look and
feel of the sample blog application that was developed for Chapters 5 and 6. All the people mentioned
here did an amazing job in helping me to write the book you are holding, but I want to highlight how
any mistakes or shortcomings that may appear here are mine and mine alone, and are in no way repre-
sentative of these fine people’s work.
I feel it’s also important to acknowledge three people who didn’t work directly on this book, yet were
hugely influential in its coming to be. These are Yukihiro Matsumoto (a.k.a Matz), David Heinemeier
Hansson, and Dave Thomas. Matz invented the Ruby language, one of the most beautiful programming
languages out there. David created the Ruby on Rails framework, whose value will be revealed through-
out the book. And finally, Dave Thomas wrote some of the earliest available books on the subject of Ruby
and Rails. His work helped to popularize both of these and gave a large part of the programming public
the opportunity to learn about this pair of technologies. These three people affected my life more than
they will ever know, and for this I deeply respect and thank them.
Acknowledgments
A sincere, heartfelt thank you goes to my unofficial editor, my wife Jessica, whose mastery of the
English language and craft of writing may only be surpassed by her patience, dedication, and beauty.
Though not a programmer, her help has been invaluable in improving the quality of this book. Writing
a book while maintaining a full-time day job and a regularly updated blog is a challenging task and an
effort that leaves little to no time for your family. So I must thank Jessica once again for being the unde-
manding, lovely companion who helped me maintain my sanity during these busy times.
In conclusion, I want to thank you, my readers. You are investing your time, money, and trust in this
book. For this I thank you and I want to reassure you that a great deal of care was placed into the
writing of this book, so as not to betray your trust.
xiv
Contents
Introduction xxiii
xvi
Contents
Chapter 4: Programming Ruby 85
Defining Methods 85
Conditionals 88
if / elsif / else / unless 88
The Ternary Operator 90
The case Statement 91
Looping 93
The for/in Loop 93
The while and until Loops 94
Blocks and Iterators 95
Exception Handling 107
Raising Errors 109
Objects and Classes 111
Defining and Instantiating Classes 111
Attributes and Accessor Methods 112
Methods Visibility 116
Single Inheritance 117
Monkey Patching 120
Singleton Methods and Eigenclasses 121
Modules and Mixins 126
Modules Act as Namespaces 127
Modules Act as Mixins 129
Metaprogramming 131
Method Name Resolution 132
Alternative Ruby Implementations 133
Summary 134
xvii
Contents
Analyzing the Controller 157
index 157
show 158
new 159
edit 160
create 160
update 161
destroy 162
Analyzing the View Layer 163
Rails’ Layouts vs. ASP.NET’s Master Pages 163
The articles.html.erb Layout 164
The index.html.erb Template 166
The new.html.erb Template 168
The edit.html.erb Template 170
The show.html.erb Template 171
Adding Partials 172
Adding Validations 174
Adding a Bit of Style 176
Setting a Default Time Zone 182
Adding Support for Textile 184
Using named_scope 188
Adding a Custom REST Action 191
Defining a Helper Method 192
More about Partials 193
Summary 196
xviii
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