2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a toy water rocket.

rocket
air

water

air pump

rubber
tubing

Fig. 1.1

The rocket is half-filled with water and connected by rubber tubing to a pump.

(a) Air is then pumped into the rocket so that the pressure of the air inside the rocket increases.

(i) Explain, in terms of particles, why the air in the rocket exerts a pressure on the walls of
the rocket.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) The temperature of the air in the rocket remains constant as air is pumped into the
rocket.

Explain why increasing the number of air particles in the rocket increases the pressure of
the air in the rocket.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2023 5054/21/O/N/23

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(b) When the air pressure in the rocket is high, the rubber tubing is removed from the rocket.

The water in the rocket is expelled downwards.

Explain, in terms of momentum, why the rocket begins to accelerate upwards.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) As the water is expelled from the rocket, the upward acceleration of the rocket changes.

Suggest two reasons for the change in the acceleration of the rocket.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2023 5054/21/O/N/23 [Turn over

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2 A lorry (truck) is at rest on a straight, horizontal road.

A constant driving force of 5.4 × 104 N acts on the lorry and it accelerates forwards.

(a) Define what is meant by ‘acceleration’.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) As the lorry moves forwards, work is done on it by the driving force.

(i) State the equation that defines work done.

Refer to the direction of the force exerted.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the work done on the lorry by the driving force when the lorry travels a distance
of 280 m.

work done = ...................................................... J [2]

(iii) At one point on the road, the kinetic energy of the lorry is 3.2 × 106 J and its speed is
12 m / s.

Calculate the mass of the lorry.

mass = .................................................... kg [3]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2023 5054/21/O/N/23