China Dolls: A Novel
China Dolls: A Novel
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China Dolls: A Novel
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—— III, ii, 406
Narrien, i, 150
Nashe, ii, 7, 16
Natalius, i, 230
Natura naturans, i, 318, 472; ii, 3, 207
“Naturalist,” use of word, i, 1–2
Naudé, Gabriel, i, 391 n.; ii, 117 sq.
Naylor, James, ii, 83
Neander, cited, i, 287, 288, 446; ii, 431
Nebo, i, 47
Necker, ii, 275, 280
“Negative criticism,” i, 16–17; ii, 197
Neo-Platonism, i, 76, 189, 191, 226
Nero, i, 213
Nestorians, the, i, 241
Netherlands, i, 398 sq., 414, 461 sq.; ii, 33 sq., 132 sq., 352 sq., 407
Netzahualpilli, i, 90
Netzahuatlcoyotl, i, 41, 89
Nevill, ii, 78
“New Christians,” the, i, 342
Newman, J. H., ii, 127 n., 170, 437, 470, 487
—— F. W., ii, 402, 408, 439
—— C. R., ii, 439 n.
New Testament, criticism of, ii, 148, 211, 219, 230, 245, 308, 318, 321, 327 sq., 423 sq.
Newton, ii, 61, 106, 110–11, 112 sq., 150, 174, 178, 202–203, 457 sq.
New Zealand, freethought in, ii, 500;
superstition in, i, 46
Nichirenites, ii, 492
Nicholas I, Pope, i, 285
—— IV, Pope, i, 344
—— V, Pope, i, 367
—— the painter, i, 297 n.
—— of Amiens, i, 311
Nichols, Dr., ii, 98
—— James, ii, 22 n.
Nicholson, or Lambert, ii, 1
—— E. B., i, 220 n.
—— R. A., cited, i, 250, 251 n., 252
—— W., ii, 201
Nicolai, ii, 315 sq.
Nicolaus of Autricuria, i, 361, 368
—— of Cusa, i, 367, 368, 398; ii, 42, 47 n.
Nicoletto, Vernias, i, 369
Niebuhr, ii, 368
Nietzsche, ii, 474
Nifo, i, 369
Niketas. See Iketas
Nikias, i, 174
Nikon, ii, 363
Nilus, St., i, 392
Ninon de l’Enclos, ii, 223 n.
Niphus. See Nifo
Nirvana, doctrine of, i, 56
Nizolio, i, 469
Nominalism, i, 283, 307 sq., 358, 360
Nonconformity in England, ii, 160 sq.
Norris, John, ii, 104
Norway, freethought in, ii, 412, 457
Nourisson, ii, 255
Nous, doctrine of, i, 154
Noyes, ii, 453
Numa, i, 374
Numbers, doctrine of, i, 149, 228
Nyström, ii, 418
Obscenity and religion, i, 357 sq.
Occam. See William
Ochino, i, 409, 453, 468; ii, 488
Ogilvie, cited, ii, 207
Oglethorpe, ii, 267 n.
Okeanos, i, 125
O’Keefe, ii, 201
Olavidès, ii, 373
Oldcastle, i, 349
Oldfield, ii, 98
Old Testament, criticism of, i, 316; ii, 97, 131, 132, 134, 156, 167, 211, 256, 307, 318, 321,
359, 431 sq.
Olivetan, i, 379
Omar, the Khalif, i, 251
Omar Khayyâm, i, 262 sq.
Omens, belief in, i, 174, 198, 199, 206
Oracles, i, 136, 157 sq., 174, 186
Orano, cited, i, 411 n.
Origen, i, 226, 236 sq.; ii, 488
Orléans, Duchesse d’, cited, ii, 145
Ormazd. See Ahura Mazda
Ormsby, cited, ii, 40
Orpheus, i, 125 n.
Orphicism, i, 148 n., 149
Ortlieb, i, 333
Orvieto, heresy at, i, 295, 299
Orzechowski, i, 425
Osborn, Major, cited, i, 255 n.
—— Francis, cited, ii, 11
Ostrorog, i, 423
Overton, ii, 79
Ovid, i, 209; ii, 463
Owen, Rev. John, i, 11;
cited, i, 191 n., 301 n., 328 n., 352, 368, 374 n., 377 n., 477 n., 479, 480 n., 483; ii, 43 n.,
52 n., 125 n.
—— Robert, ii, 395 sq., 399, 405
—— Sir Richard, ii, 465
Oxford in 16th century, ii, 64;
in 18th century, ii, 157
Ozanam, cited, i, 230 n.
Pachacamac, i, 90
Padua, school of, i, 330, 379
Paganism, suppression of, i, 234; late, and Christianity, i, 217
Pagitt, ii, 79
Paine, ii, 210 sq., 382 sq., 392, 393, 398, 418, 458
Painting, Italian, i, 365, 370
Palaiphatos, i, 185
Paleario, i, 412
Palestrina, i, 469
Paley, ii, 210, 252;
cited, ii, 207, 252
Palissot, ii, 258
Palmaer, ii, 418
Palmer, Herbert, ii, 27
—— Prof., i, 248 n., 249 n., 250
—— Elihu, ii, 385
Panini, i, 53
Pankosmism, i, 144
Pannonicus, i, 419
Pantheism, medieval, i, 2, 285;
Indian, i, 48 sq.;
Babylonian, i, 62;
Egyptian, i, 69, 76;
Chinese, i, 84;
Greek, i, 130, 132, 137, 142, 144, 150, 162, 184;
Moorish, i, 270;
Jewish, i, 316;
German, i, 333, 398; ii, 303, 308 n., 328;
Roman, i, 209, 210 n., 212;
Gnostic, i, 226;
Sufi, i, 265, 266;
Persian, i, 272 sq.;
French, i, 317; ii, 129;
of Aquinas, i, 318;
Italian, i, 373; ii, 49, 52, 63 n., 366;
in the Netherlands, i, 398–99; ii, 135, 138;
at Geneva, i, 446, 449;
English, ii, 148–49, 165;
Scotch, ii, 184
Paolo Giovio, i, 374 n.
Papacy, growth of, i, 294 sq.;
power of, i, 298, 302 sq.;
hostility to, i, 295, 312 n., 322, 325, 331 sq., 419 sq., 422.
Pare, Gian, ii, 1
Parini, ii, 371
Paris, university of, i, 329, 354, 355, 361
Parker, Archdeacon, ii, 91
—— Theodore, ii, 438, 488
—— Prof., cited, ii, 494, 496 n.
Parkes, Prof., cited, ii, 426
Parlement of Paris, ii, 287
Parmenides, i, 136, 146
Parr, ii, 488
Parsees, the, i, 111, 272
Parsons, ii, 9
Parthians, the, i, 68
Parvish, ii, 167
Pascal, i, 478; ii, 85, 121, 124 sq., 251
Paschasius Radbert, i, 286
Pasiphae, i, 185
Passerano, ii, 353
Pastoret, ii, 244
Pastoris, i, 424
Patericke, i, 384–85
Paterini, i, 296, 322, 406
Patin, Gui, i, 389; ii, 57 n., 66, 117 sq., 132 n.
—— Professor, i, 131
Patot, Tyssot de, ii, 214, 227
Pattison, Mark, i, 442, 452, 468 n.; ii, 126 n., 127, 179
Paul, i, 219, 224, 244
—— of Samosata, i, 230
—— II, of Russia, ii, 365
—— II, Pope, i, 370
—— III, Pope, i, 382, 411; ii, 41
—— IV, Pope, i, 412
—— V, Pope, ii, 57
—— Herbert, ii, 166 n.
Pauli, i, 397
—— Gregorius, i, 425
Paulicians, the, i, 2, 279 sq., 291 sq., 309, 406
Paulus, ii, 423, 424 sq.
Pauthier, cited, i, 83
Pavlovsky, cited, ii, 456 n.
Pazmany, i, 422
Pearson, Bishop, ii, 9
Peasant wars, i, 406 n., 417, 419, 436
Pecock, i, 394 sq.; ii, 14
Pedro II, i, 338
—— de Osma, i, 340
Peel, Speaker, ii, 402
Peele, ii, 16
Peirce, ii, 161
Pelagianism, i, 231 sq., 277, 314
Pelagius, i, 229
Pelham, Prof., i, 200 n.
Pelletier, ii, 122 n.
Pellicier, i, 389
Pelling, E., ii, 98
Penn, ii, 114
Pentateuch, criticism of, i, 316; ii, 131, 132, 137, 167, 197, 256, 423 sq., 431 sq.
Pereira, i, 470
Pericles, i, 153 sq.
Perier, Madame, ii, 134
Perkins, W., ii, 74
Perrault, cited, ii, 120
Perrens, i, 13; cited, i, 2 n., 368 n., 381; ii, 120 n., 123 n.
Perrin, i, 443
Persecution, primitive, i, 36 n.;
Christian, i, 172, 232 sq., 240, 280, 291, 295, 296 sq., 302 sq., 337, 349, 385, 386, 387,
388, 410 sq., 419, 428 sq.; ii, 1 sq., 22 sq., 83, 122, 141–42, 181, 188–90, 200, 214, 216,
222, 231, 233, 235, 274, 289 sq., 502 (see Inquisition);
Mohammedan, i, 257, 259, 261, 271;
Greek, i, 142, 152, 154, 159, 170 sq., 193;
Roman, i, 206, 207, 210, 216
Persia, religions of, i, 65 sq.;
influence of, on Hebrews, i, 110, 149;
freethought in, i, 66, 265;
culture-history of, i, 148, 265, 272 sq.
Peru, ancient freethought in, i, 41, 90;
religion of, i, 88;
modern freethought in, ii, 407
Perugino, i, 370
Pessimism, i, 130
Pestalozzi, ii, 346 n.
Peter the Hermit, i, 295
—— the Great, ii, 364
—— of Alliaco, i, 345
—— de Brueys, i, 295
—— Martyr, i, 409
—— von Mastricht, ii, 133
—— of St. Cloud, i, 353
—— of Vaux, i, 298
Petit, Claude, ii, 122
Petrarch, i, 328 n., 329 sq.
Petrie, W. M. F., cited, i, 72, 75, 76 n., 109
Petrobrussians, the, i, 295
Petronius, i, 211
Peucer, i, 457
Peyrat, ii, 440
Peyrère, ii, 132 sq.
Pfaff, ii, 298
Pfander, i, 166
Pfeiff, ii, 418
Pfeiffer, i, 457
Pheidias, i, 156
Pherekydes, i, 148
Philanthropic Institute, ii, 316, 321
Philip II, i, 341, 414, 472
Philips, A., i, 7
Philiskos, i, 200
Phillips, Stephen, quoted, ii, 53
Philo, i, 117, 118 n.;
cited, 183 n., 223
Philolaos, i, 149, 150
Phœnicia, religious evolution in, i, 78 sq., 100;
freethought in, i, 79–80
Photinus, i, 231, 242
Photius, i, 278
Phrenology, ii, 398
Physiology, ii, 459 sq.
Pico della Mirandola, i, 371, 372–73, 440
Pierre Aureol, i, 359
—— d’Ailly, i, 327 n., 360–61
Piers Ploughman, Vision of, i, 348
Pietism, ii, 300 sq., 305
Pietro of Abano, i, 326, 376
Pighius, i, 439
Pilkington, Bishop, cited, ii, 13
Pindar, i, 128–29
Pinkerton, cited, i, 284
Pirnensis, i, 423
Pitt, the elder, ii, 169
—— the younger, ii, 205–206
Pius II, i, 367, 415
—— IV, i, 412
—— V, i, 412, 469
Place, Francis, ii, 395
Platner, ii, 346
Plato, i, 146, 147, 167, 168 sq., 174 sq., 179, 226, 307;
in Campaspe, ii, 3
Platonism, i, 226 sq., 371 sq.
Playfair, cited, ii, 177–78
Pliny, i, 188, 210, 212
Plotinus, i, 76, 226
Plutarch, i, 153, 155, 172 n., 191–92, 227 n.
Poe, ii, 453
Poetry, Greek, i, 126;
Roman, i, 197, 215
Poets, freethinking of, 499
Poland, culture-history of, i, 422 sq.; ii, 37 sq., 362 sq.
Pole, Cardinal, i, 374 n.
Polignac, ii, 139, 215
Pollard, A. F., cited, i, 437
Pollock, Sir F., ii, 213 n.
Polybius, i, 191, 374 n.
Polynesians, the, i, 23, 34
Polytheism, i, 44 sq., 65, 70, 225;
Christian, i, 242
Pomare, i, 38
Pombal, ii, 377
Pompadour, Madame de, ii, 235
Pompeius, i, 206 n.
Pompignan, Lefranc de, ii, 258
Pomponazzi, i, 376 sq., 378
Pomponius Lætus, i, 378
Poole, R. L., cited, i, 309, 359, 360 n.
Pope, ii, 149 n., 164–65, 190, 198, 232–33, 259
Popham, ii, 10
Porphyry, i, 226, 238–39
Porteous, Bishop, cited, ii, 210
Portugal, heresy in, i, 339;
freethought in, ii, 377 sq., 407
Porzios, i, 409 n.
Posidonius, i, 240
Positivism, ii, 483 sq.
Postell, i, 389, 473
Potapenko, ii, 457
Pott, Dr., ii, 312
Pougens, ii, 226
Pouilly, Lévesque de, ii, 257
Poushkine, ii, 398
Powell, E. E., cited, ii, 135 n.;
criticized, ii, 136–37
—— Prof. Baden, ii, 463 sq.
Pragmatic Sanction, the, i, 427
Prat, Chancellier du, i, 428
Praxeas, i, 230
Prayer, popular view of, i, 36;
the Lord’s, i, 122;
theories of, ii, 180
Preaching, early, i, 217 n.
Predestination, i, 231–32, 254, 277, 285, 288, 446–47, 455–56, 462
Prémontval, ii, 239, 249
Presbyterians, the, ii, 160
Press Licensing Act, ii, 84, 99
Prideaux, ii, 98
Priestcraft, ancient, i, 26, 62, 65, 67, 70, 101, 196
Priesthoods, evolution of, i, 60, 62, 68, 70, 72, 76, 89, 134
Priestley, i, 193; ii, 179, 202, 209–10, 385, 413, 484
Pringle-Pattison, Prof. A. S., ii, 473, 475 n.
Printing, rise of, i, 386, 439
Proclus, i, 241
Prodigies, ancient belief in, i, 198, 204, 209
Prodikos, i, 168
Progress, i, 144; ii, 68
Prophecy, i, 106, 107
Prophets, Hebrew, i, 104 sq., 215
Prostitution, religious, i, 62
Protagoras, i, 136, 157, 159
Protestantism in Italy, i, 408 sq.;
in England, i, 354;
fortunes of, i, 389, 413, 420 sq., 424 sq., 432, 437, 440 sq., 454 sq., 462 sq.; ii, 32, 141–
42;
and occultism, i, 401
(see Reformation)
Proudhon, ii, 277
Provence, civilization of, i, 299 sq.
Providence, popular view of, i, 36
Psalms, the, i, 106
Psammetichus, i, 129
Psychology, ii, 459 sq.
Ptolemy, i, 188, 225 n.
Puffendorf, ii, 302, 366
Pulci, i, 368
Punjaub, ancient, freethought in, i, 55, 57
Pünjer, cited, ii, 266, 322
Purgatory, doctrine of, i, 287
Puritanism, ii, 20, 73, 75
Pusey, cited, ii, 175, 301, 304, 318 n., 319, 322
Puy, Bishop of, ii, 226
Pyrrho, i, 181
Pyrrhonism, i, 190
Pythagoras, i, 136, 141 n., 144, 148 sq.; ii, 463
Pythagoreanism, i, 148 sq.
Quakers, i, 270; ii, 83, 114
Quatraines du Déiste, i, 484
Quesnay, ii, 244
Quetzalcoatl, i, 88
Quietism, ii, 146
Quinet, i, 132; ii, 371, 442, 479
Rabanus, i, 283, 287 n., 288
Rabelais, i, 381 sq., 388, 391, 456; ii, 118
Rabia, i, 265
Race-character, theories of, i, 65, 81, 121–23, 179, 194 sq., 248, 341, 362 n., 363, 409, 413,
431
Racine, ii, 142
Rae, E., cited, i, 33
Raleigh, ii, 7 sq.
Ramessu III, i, 72
Ramsay, Chevalier de, ii, 213, 252
—— of Ochtertyre, cited, ii, 183 n., 187
—— W. M., cited, i, 125 n.
Ramus, i, 383; ii, 64
Ranchon, Abbé, ii, 225
Randall, ii, 23 n.
Ranke, ii, 469;
cited, i, 405, 439 n., 457 n.
Raoul de Houdan, i, 300
Rapin, i, 482 n.
Rappolt, ii, 297
Rashdall, Dr., cited, i, 313, 379
Rastus, i, 24
Rational Catechism, The, ii, 106–107
Rationalism and Rationalist, use of terms, i, 5, 8; ii, 79, 116, 330
Ratramnus, i, 286
Raumer, K. von, ii, 409 n.
Rawley, ii, 12
Rawlinson, Canon, cited, i, 68
Ray, John, ii, 98
Raymond Berenger, i, 301
—— of Sebonde, i, 399, 476
—— Archbishop, of Toledo, i, 338
Raynal, ii, 243, 254, 286 n., 287, 288
Reade, Winwood, ii, 402 sq.
Realism, philosophic, i, 147, 307 sq., 358, 359, 360
Reason, deification of, i, 215; ii, 274 sq., 278;
religious defence of, i, 283
Reboulet, ii, 291
Recared, i, 338
Rechenberg, ii, 298
Reeve, John, ii, 78
Reformation, the, politically considered, i, 403 sq.;
in Britain, i, 431 sq., 458 sq.;
in France, i, 427 sq.;
in Germany, i, 403 sq., 434 sq.;
in Hungary, i, 419 sq.;
in Italy, i, 407 sq.;
in the Netherlands, i, 414;
in Poland, i, 422 sq.;
in Spain, i, 413;
in Scandinavian States, ii, 354 sq.
Reformers, anti-pagan, i, 234
Régis, ii, 128
Regnard, ii, 143
Reid, W. H., ii, 210
Reimarus, ii, 319, 327 n.
Reimmann, i, 11, 483 n.
Reinach, i, 120 n.
Reinhard, ii, 410
Reinhold, i, 457
Reiser, ii, 298
Religion and conquest, i, 44–46, 205, 251;
psychology of, i, 26 sq.;
of lower races, influence of, i, 45, 93;
and sexual licence, i, 18 n., 103, 244, 292, 455;
and self-interest, i, 113–14;
dehumanizing power of, i, 172–73
Remigius, i, 286
Rémusat, i, 321 n.
Renaissance in Italy, freethought in, i, 365 sq.;
in France, i, 379 sq.;
in England, i, 393 sq.
Renan, ii, 418, 429, 439, 440, 476;
on Semitic monotheism, i, 102;
on Roman freethought, i, 212;
on Job, i, 112;
on Koheleth, i, 115;
on Mahometan conquest, i, 251 n.;
on Motazilism, i, 254 n.;
on Gazzali, i, 267 n.;
on medieval Jews, i, 316;
on Italian freethought, i, 326;
on The Three Rings, i, 328 n.;
on Petrarch, i, 329;
on the Franciscans, i, 336
Renaud, cited, ii, 405
Renée, Princess, i, 411
Renouvier, i, 121 n.
Reuchlin, i, 403, 406
Reuss, ii, 423
Reuter, H., cited, i, 13, 283 n.
Revelation of the Monk of Evesham, i, 397
Réville, Dr. A., i, 89 n., 98
Revolution, French, ii, 255, 274 sq., 386 sq.;
American, ii, 317
Rewandites, the, i, 256
Reynard the Fox, i, 301, 353, 361
Rheticus, i, 457
Richardson, cited, ii, 190
Richelieu, i, 426, 431; ii, 118, 119, 123
Richter, J. P., ii, 346, 454
Richter, J. A. L., ii, 432
Riddle, i, 14, 15
Riem, ii, 315
Rihoriho, i, 38
Rings, The Three, i, 328
Ripley, G., ii, 480 n.
Ritchie, cited, ii, 187
Ritual and ritualism, i, 29
Rivadeau, i, 393
Rivarol, ii, 275, 280 sq., 287;
cited, ii, 215 n.
Roalfe, Matilda, ii, 394
Robertson, W., ii, 186, 468
—— Prof. Croom, cited, ii, 65 n.
Robespierre, ii, 254, 278
Robinet, ii, 240, 263, 265
Robins, S., cited, i, 285, 318
Rocquain, ii, 227 n.
Rodwell, i, 249 n.
Rohde, cited, i, 99–100
Rolf Krake, i, 40
Romano, ii, 367
Roman religion, i, 194 sq., 207 sq.;
culture, i, 197;
freethought, i, 199 sq.;
law, i, 215
Rome, papal, i, 294, 331
Romilly, ii, 286, 448
Ronsard, i, 390
Roos, i, 468
Roscelin, i, 289, 307 sq.
Rosenkranz, cited, ii, 149 n., 267–68
Rose, Roman de la, i, 351
Rossi, M. A. de, i, 379
Rousseau, J. B., ii, 222
—— J. J., ii, 227, 229 n., 245, 254 sq., 278, 285, 287, 288, 311, 338, 396, 481
Roustan, ii, 256
Royal Society, i, 4; ii, 79, 155
Rüdiger, ii, 312
Rudrauf, ii, 298
Ruffhead, ii, 232–33
Ruge, ii, 474, 478
Rum Bahadur, i, 24
Rupp, ii, 410
Ruskin, ii, 450
Russia, culture history of, ii, 363 sq., 412 sq., 456 sq.
Rust, ii, 97
Rutebœuf, i, 300
Ruth, Book of, i, 117
Rutherford, ii, 182
Rydberg, ii, 418
Ryssen, ii, 36 n.
Ryswyck, i, 399, 404
Sabatier, i, 344 n.
Sabbath, origin of, i, 110–11
Sabellius, i, 231
Sach, ii, 422
Sack, ii, 308 n.
Sacraments, Mexican, i, 88, 89
Sacred books, i, 42, 54, 92, 135, 193, 216, 250; ii, 176.
See Old Testament and New Testament
Sacrifices, causation of, i, 51, 94 sq.;
early disbelief in, i, 41, 43, 52, 86, 109;
human, i, 41, 42 n., 51, 63, 81, 82, 86, 88, 91, 99
Sadducees, i, 116
Sadi, i, 266
Saga, i, 468
Sahagun, i, 91
St. Bartholomew, massacre of, i, 391, 475
Sainte-Beuve, ii, 406, 443, 479;
cited, i, 479; ii, 123 n.
St. Cyres, Viscount, cited, ii, 117–18
St. Evremond, ii, 84, 143, 225
St. Glain, ii, 141 n.
St. Hilaire, B., cited, i, 58
—— Geoffroy, ii, 464
St. Simon, ii, 405
Saintsbury, cited, i, 352; ii, 281 n.
Saisset, i, 12;
cited, ii, 442, 483
Saladin, i, 328
Salas, ii, 376
Salaville, ii, 278
Salazar, ii, 376
Salchi, ii, 250 n., 380
Sale, i, 249 n.
Sales, Deslisle de, ii, 242
Sallier, ii, 257
Sallustius Philosophus, i, 119
Salvemini de Castillon, ii, 243
Salverte, ii, 468
Salvian, i, 236, 244, 245
Samaniego, ii, 374
Samaritans, i, 110 n.
Samoans, religion of, i, 37
Samoyedes, the, i, 33
Samson, i, 80, 102
Sanchez, i, 470, 474 sq.
Sanchoniathon, i, 79
Sand, George, ii, 442
Sanderson, Bishop, ii, 74
Sandys, J. E., i, 164, 165
Sankara, i, 53
Sankhya philosophy, i, 51
Saracen culture, i, 253 sq.;
in Spain, i, 268 sq.
(see Arabs)
Satan, i, 111, 113
Satire, medieval, i, 332, 353
Satow, Sir E., cited, ii, 495 n.
Saturnalia, the, i, 45
Saturninus, i, 227
Satyre Menippée, i, 481
Saul, i, 102
Saunderson, ii, 151
Savages, freethought among, i, 26, 33 sq.;
religion of, i, 27, 29 sq.;
ethics of, i, 28;
mental life of, i, 22 sq.
Savile, ii, 111
Saviour-Gods, i, 88
Savonarola, i, 370, 375, 407 sq.
Sayce, cited, i, 62, 64, 81
Sayous, i, 13
Sbinko, i, 416
Scævola, i, 203 n.
Scaliger, cited, i, 468, 469 n.
Scandinavia, freethought in ancient, i, 39–40;
in modern, ii, 355 sq., 412 sq., 457
Scaurus, i, 209
Sceptic. See Skeptic
Schade, ii, 315
Schäffle, ii, 469
Schechter, cited, i, 379
Schelling, ii, 349, 350, 454, 471
Scherer, E., i, 108; ii, 254, 443
Schiller, ii, 336
Schism, the Great Papal, i, 331
Scioppius, ii, 49 sq.
Scipio Aemilianus, i, 201
Schlegel, A., ii, 349;
quoted, i, 162
Schleiermacher, ii, 349, 350, 387, 409, 420 sq., 425
Schmidt, W. A., i, 12;
cited, i, 192, 208 n., 213 n.
—— J. L., ii, 306
—— Julian, cited, ii, 324 n.
Scholastics, the, i, 283 sq., 307 sq.
Schoner, ii, 38
Schoone, i, 165
Schopenhauer, ii, 474, 475
Schopp, ii, 49 sq.
Schrader, i, 125
Schuckburgh, cited, i, 199
Schulz, ii, 330 sq.
Schürer, i, 149
Schwartz, ii, 298
Schwegler, i, 194 n., 197; ii, 426
Schweinfurth, i, 31
Schweizer, cited, i, 40 n.
Science in ancient India, i, 57;
in Babylon, i, 62–63, 95, 122;
in Greece, i, 137, 138, 143, 149, 160, 169, 179–80;
Christian contempt for, i, 241;
Saracen, i, 254, 258 n., 268;
Provencal, i, 302;
Spanish, i, 339;
Renaissance, i, 371, 375, 377, 402;
and the Reformation, i, 456 sq.;
Bacon and, ii, 30;
rise of modern, ii, 41 sq., 56, 105, 260 sq., 309, 457 sq.
—— philosophy in, ii, 484
Scot, Reginald, i, 3; ii, 4, 138
—— W., ii, 98
Scotland, Reformation in, i, 405, 433;
freethought in, ii, 85, 178, 181 sq., 208–209
Scott, Temple, ii, 156 n.
—— Thomas, ii, 11, 439
—— Walter, ii, 437, 444
—— W. R., cited, ii, 189, 198
Scudéry, Mademoiselle de, ii, 142
Scylla, i, 185
Secularism, ii, 395, 399 sq.
Sedgwick, ii, 465
Sedillot, cited, i, 251 n.
Segarelli, i, 336 sq.
Segidi, the chief, i, 39
Seguier de Saint-Brisson, ii, 242
Selden, ii, 20, 71 n., 74–75
Self-interest and religion, i, 113–14
Sellar, cited, i, 202, 209 n.
Sembat, i, 280 n.
Semelê, i, 125
Semites, religions of i, 44, 45, 97 sq.;
theories concerning, i, 64, 81, 102, 248
Semitic influence on Greeks, i, 120 sq.
Semler, ii, 318 sq., 321, 330, 424
Seneca, i, 209, 215, 245, 476
Sergius, i, 280
Sermon on the Mount, the, i, 221
Serra, ii, 368 n.
Serre, De la, ii, 225
Servetus, i, 231, 408, 442, 447 sq., 467
Seton-Merriman, ii, 451
Seume, ii, 388 n.
Sevigné, Madame de, i, 2 n.; ii, 128, 142, 250 n.
Sextus Empiricus, i, 26 n., 159 n., 189–90, 391, 476; ii, 9, 39
Shaftesbury, ii, 99, 143, 149, 152, 154, 164, 184, 189, 194, 225, 268, 309;
cited, i, 6, 7
Shakespeare, i, 20, 475; ii, 15 sq.
Sharpe, i, 112; ii, 415
Shelley, i, 201; ii, 48, 395, 400, 443 sq., 445
Sherlock, W., i, 4; ii, 91–92, 113
Shîites, the, i, 254 sq.
Shintôism, ii, 491 sq.
Shirazi, J. V. M., cited, i, 263, 273 n.
Sibylline books, i, 206 n.
Sichel, W., cited and discussed, ii, 164 n., 197 n., 198
Sicily, culture of, i, 301, 318
Sidgwick, H., cited, ii, 74 n.
Sidney, A., ii, 78
—— Sir P., ii, 45
Sifatites, the, i, 255
Sigismund III, i, 426
Sikhs, ii, 497
Simeon Duran, Rabbi, i, 328
—— son of Gamaliel, i, 116
Simon de Montfort, i, 304, 305, 325
—— of Tournay, i, 311, 315
—— Richard, ii, 93, 131 sq.
Simonides, i, 152
Simpson, cited, ii, 210
Simson, ii, 151, 183
Sinclar, G., ii, 168
Sismondi, quoted, i, 303, 304, 305 n., 312 n.
Sixtus VI, i, 376
Skarzinski, criticized, ii, 188 n.
Skeat, Prof., cited, i, 347
Skeats, cited, ii, 160 n.
Skelton, cited, ii, 192
Skeptic, meaning of word, i, 5, 11
Skepticism, academic, i, 187 sq.;
Pyrrhonic, i, 11–12, 181, 474 sq.; ii, 119;
dialectic, among Christians, i, 465, 474, 480; ii, 120, 125, 126 sq., 163, 480;
popular, among Christians, i, 36, 465
Skytte, ii, 297
Slave Coast, priests of, i, 35
Slavery, Christianity and, i, 224;
Paine and, ii, 383 n.
Slavonic States, culture history of, ii, 362 sq.
Sloane, Prof., cited, ii, 273 n., 278 n.
Smalbroke, ii, 173
Smith, Adam, ii, 178, 185, 186, 187 sq., 196, 244
—— Bosworth, i, 253 n.
—— Elisha, cited, ii, 159
—— Henry, ii, 5
—— John, ii, 81
—— Joseph, ii, 156
—— S., i, 6
—— Sydney, ii, 386 sq.
—— W. Robertson, i, 51, 103; ii, 433
Smyrna, ancient, i, 124
Social causation, i, 91 sq., 113, 246, 269, 354–55, 365 sq.; ii, 146, 151, 170 sq., 178, 200,
386 sq., 391 sq.
Socialism, ii, 411 sq.
Socinianism, i, 392; ii, 35, 37, 106 sq., 138, 151, 488.
See Unitarianism
Sociology, i, 375; ii, 468 sq.
Sokrates, i, 153, 160, 168 sq.; ii, 288
Solano, ii, 373
Solomon, i, 101, 242
—— ben Gebirol, i, 316
Somers, ii, 112
Somerset, Duke of, ii, 403
Sophia, Princess, ii, 363
Sophists, the, i, 168
Sophocles, i, 127 n., 148, 162 n.
Sorbonne, the, i, 384, 429; ii, 125, 260, 264
Sorcery, belief in, i, 22
Sorel, cited, ii, 351
Soury, cited, ii, 267
South Africa, freethought in, ii, 417
South America, freethought in, ii, 407
South, Dean, ii, 92–93, 114
Southey, ii, 396 n., 444, 445
South Place Institute, ii, 413 sq.
Southwell, ii, 394, 408
Sozzini, the, i, 392, 421, 467, 468; ii, 37 sq.
Spain, culture history of, i, 268 sq., 337 sq., 470 sq.; ii, 38 sq., 372 sq., 387 sq.;
freethought in, i, 338 sq., 470 sq.; ii, 372 sq., 406;
Moors in, i, 268 sq., 338; ii, 38;
Reformation in, i, 413
Spalding, ii, 318, 422
Speirs, Rev. E., ii, 470 n.
Spencer and Gillen, i, 32, 93
—— J., ii, 102, 249
—— H., ii, 403, 450, 467, 487
Spenser, ii, 45 n., 499
Speusippos, i, 184
Spiegel, cited, i, 68 n.
Spina, Alfonso, i, 370 n., 376
Spinoza, i, 4, 16, 316, 464; ii, 29, 97, 107, 127, 129, 133 sq.;
and Toland, ii, 148, 253, 489;
and Leibnitz, ii, 289 sq.
Spinozism, ii, 129, 131, 135, 138, 168, 297, 347–48, 349 n., 352, 400
“Spirit of Liberty,” the sect, i, 337
Spirituales, the sect, i, 2, 445
Sprat, i, 4
Sprenger, cited, i, 249 n., 250 n.
Squier, cited, ii, 407
Stafford, W., ii, 368 n.
Stähelin, i, 392 n.
Stahl, ii, 460
Stancari, i, 425
Stanhope, Dr., ii, 98
—— Lady Hester, ii, 206
Stationers’ Company, ii, 99
Statius, i, 211
Stäudlin, i, 12; ii, 345
Stebbing, ii, 173
Steele, ii, 151
Steinbart, ii, 317
Steinbuhler, ii, 330
Steno, ii, 463 n.
Stephen Battory, King, i, 426
—— Sir J., cited, i, 356 n.; ii, 179, 251
—— Sir Leslie, i, 13; ii, 403, 408;
cited, ii, 104, 153 n., 161 n., 168, 251;
criticized, ii, 148 n., 150 n., 155, 171, 172 sq., 179 n., 203 n., 251
Sterling, i, 478 n.
Stesichoros, i, 128
Stevenson, R. L., cited, i, 46
Stewart, H. F., cited, i, 246–47
—— Sir J., ii, 181 n.
Stillingfleet, i, 4; ii, 83, 87, 91, 109, 168
Stilpo, i, 183
Stirling, Dr. H., ii, 474
“Stirner, Max,” ii, 478
Stoicism, i, 180, 203, 209, 215, 352, 392
Stosch, ii, 297
Stout, Sir R., ii, 501
Stow, cited, ii, 5 n., 23 n.
Strabo, i, 173 n., 180 n., 191
Strannik, cited, ii, 413 n.
Strasburg Cathedral, i, 361 n.
Strato, i, 184
Strauss, ii, 415, 423 sq., 425 sq., 428 sq., 432, 439, 447, 474, 476
Strigolniks, the, ii, 363
Strindberg, ii, 418
Stromer, ii, 418
Strowsky, cited, i, 393 n., 480 n., 481, 483 n.; ii, 117 n.
Struensee, ii, 361 sq.
Strutt, ii, 166, 194
Stuart, Dean, ii, 81
Stubbs, Bishop, cited, i, 341, 433, 439 n.
Stuckenberg, cited, ii, 339, 341, 343
Studemund, cited, ii, 411, 412
Suarez, i, 363; ii, 282
Suckling, Sir J., ii, 31
Sudan, magic and religion in, i, 46
Suetonius, i, 212, 213
Sufîism, i, 265, 273
Sulla, i, 206 n.
Sully, Prof., cited, i, 42
Sun-Gods, worship of, i, 69, 73, 78, 89, 102, 124, 153
Sunnites, the, i, 254
Svedberg, ii, 359
Sweden, culture history of, ii, 354 sq., 417 sq.
Swedenborg, ii, 358 sq.
Swift, i, 167; ii, 151 sq.;
cited, i, 7
Swinburne, ii, 452 sq., 502
Switzerland, reformation in, i, 2, 410, 438 sq.;
freethought in, ii, 378 sq., 416;
bigotry in, ii, 415 sq.
Sykes, A. A., ii, 173;
quoted, ii, 192–93
Sylvanus, i, 280
Sylvester II, i, 301 n.
—— Bernard, i, 312
Symonds, J. A., cited, i, 365 n., 410
Synge, ii, 154 n., 189
Tabari, cited, i, 257 n.
Taborites, the, i, 418
Tacitus, i, 212, 213
Tailhé, ii, 221
Taillandier, cited, i, 284
Taine, ii, 144, 443, 484
Talbot, A. H., i, 264 n.
Talfourd, ii, 395
Talmud, thought in, i, 116, 221;
criticism of, i, 379
Tamerlane, i, 260
Tammuz, i, 101
Tanquelin, i, 295
Taouism, i, 87
Tarde, ii, 326, 380
Tasmanians, religion of, i, 100
Tatian, i, 227
Tau, i, 84, 87
Tauler, i, 362
Tayler, ii, 415
Taylor, Jeremy, ii, 74, 101
—— Robert, ii, 394
Tegnér, ii, 417
Telesio, ii, 64
Tell-el-Amarna, i, 73
Teller, ii, 318
Templars, the Knights, i, 340, 356–58
Temple, Sir W., ii, 87, 111
Ten Brink, cited, ii, 34
Ten, theories of, i, 150
Tenison, ii, 98
Tenneman, cited, ii, 108
Tennyson, ii, 101 n., 452
Teodori, i, 411
Tercier, ii, 236
Terrasson, ii, 221
Tertullian, i, 150 n., 229, 232, 235, 244
Tetens, ii, 346
Tetzel, i, 406
Teuffel, i, 194–95, 197
Texte, cited, ii, 165
Thacker, Elias, ii, 5
Thackeray, ii, 451
Thales, i, 135 sq.
Thallos, i, 80
Thamamians, the, i, 266 n.
Theagenes, i, 152
Theal, cited, i, 22; ii, 417
Theil, M. du, ii, 255
Theodora, i, 245
Theodore of Mopsuestia, i, 242
Theodoric, i, 246, 247
Theodoros, i, 183
Theodosius II, i, 239
Theodotos, i, 229
Theophilanthropy, ii, 382
Theophrastos, i, 186
Thiébault, ii, 270 n., 313 n.
Thierrys, the two, ii, 442
Thirlwall, ii, 469;
cited, i, 27, 121 n., 173
Thirty-nine Articles, the, i, 460
Thirty Years’ War, ii, 75, 295, 300
Tholuck, i, 12; ii, 423;
cited, ii, 249, 296, 301, 305 sq., 311
Thomas Aquinas, i, 318 sq., 359, 360; ii, 282
Thomas à Kempis, i, 363
Thomas, Dr. R. H., ii, 384 n.
—— A. L., ii, 258, 291
Thomasius, Jenkin, i, 11; ii, 298;
cited, ii, 69 n., 296
—— Christian, ii, 302 sq.
Thompson, F., ii, 453
Thomson, B., cited, i, 36 n., 41 n.
—— J., ii, 452
Thonga, the, i, 25, 34
Thonrakians, i, 280 n.
Thoreau, ii, 453
Thoth, i, 110
Thotmes III, i, 75
Thrakians, the, i, 121 n., 157
Thukydides, i, 156 n., 173
Thunder-Gods, i, 97
Tiberius, i, 213
Ticknor, cited, i, 341
Tiele, cited, i, 66, 69–70, 71;
criticized, i, 46–47, 60, 71
Tielenus, ii, 70
Tii, Queen, i, 74, 75
Tilley, A. A., cited, i, 428
Tillotson, ii, 88, 113
Tindal, ii, 152, 158, 174, 175, 306
Tithes, ii, 20–21
Tocco, i, 13
Tocqueville, de, cited, ii, 126 n., 254
Toland, i, 6; ii, 98–99, 132, 147 sq., 174, 175
Toleration, beginnings of, in England, ii, 24, 77;
Bayle and, ii, 140;
beginnings of, in France, ii, 221, 231, 233, 291;
in Germany, ii, 312
Töllner, ii, 319
Tolstoy, i, 419; ii, 457
Toltecs, the, i, 88
Tomkyns, Martin, ii, 201
Tonga Islands, freethought in, i, 38
Torild, ii, 360
Torquemada, i, 342
Torricelli, ii, 365
Torture, ecclesiastical, i, 321–22
Totemism and Greek philosophy, i, 139–40
Toulmin, G. H., ii, 201
—— Joshua, ii, 202
Tourguénief, ii, 456 sq.
Tourneur, ii, 20
Towers, ii, 82
Toy, ii, 420
Tractarianism, ii, 437 sq.
Tracy, cited, ii, 492
Transubstantiation, i, 286, 428
Transvaal, freethought in, ii, 416
Trapezuntios, i, 372
Trapp, ii, 198
Travers, ii, 14
Trebonian, i, 245
Tregelles, ii, 438
Trenchard, ii, 152
Triads, i, 69
Tribbechov, i, 11; ii, 298
Trie, i, 449
Trinity, dogma of, i, 77, 226, 231, 242, 286, 307, 312, 421, 425, 447; ii, 339, 444, 487 sq.
See Unitarianism
Trinius, i, 11
Trouvères and Troubadours, i, 300 sq., 326, 361
Trumpp, cited, ii, 497
Turgot, ii, 221, 244, 254, 260, 276 n., 288
Turkey, civilization of, ii, 497 sq.;
freethought in, i, 272; ii, 497 sq.
Turlupins, i, 333
Turner, ii, 201
Turpin, ii, 291
Turrettini, the, i, 458; ii, 225, 378 sq.
Twelve, sacred number, i, 97, 124 n.
Twofold truth, doctrine of, i, 271, 321, 346, 360, 361, 377, 478; ii, 28, 108, 134
Tylor, Sir E., ii, 470 sq.;
cited, i, 22, 31
Tyndale, cited, i, 3
Tyrannos, i, 125 n.
Tyrrell, i, 166
Tyrwhitt, i, 165
Tyssot de Patot, ii, 214, 227
Ubaldini, i, 325 n.
Ubicini, cited, ii, 497 n.
Ueberweg, quoted, i, 176–77, 284, 309
Uhlich, ii, 410
Uitenbogaert, i, 463
Uladislaus II, i, 419
Ullmann, i, 249 n.
Ulrich von Hutten, i, 403, 404 n., 406, 438
Undereyck, ii, 298
Underhill, E. B., ii, 77 n.
Unitarianism, early, i, 242, 328, 404, 447 sq.;
in England, i, 459; ii, 12, 21, 77, 83, 106 sq., 153–54, 161, 179, 201 sq., 413, 414 sq.,
471;
in Germany, i, 435 sq.;
in Hungary, i, 420;
in Ireland, ii, 188;
in Poland, i, 424 sq.; ii, 36 sq., 159 sq.;
in Scotland, ii, 208–209;
in Italy, i, 468;
in Holland, ii, 35;
in Switzerland, ii, 378 sq., 415;
in America, ii, 385, 413
United States, freethought in, ii, 381 sq., 411, 419;
German freethinkers in, ii, 411
Universalism, ancient, i, 50, 63, 77, 79
Universities, low ebb of culture in, ii, 195;
French, i, 355;
German, i, 404, 416, 455;
Swiss, i, 447
Upanishads, philosophy of, i, 52 sq.
Urban VIII, ii, 59
Urstitius, ii, 42
Urwick, ii, 82 n.
Usury and the Church, i, 295, 342 n.
Utilitarianism, i, 215; ii, 194
“Utilitarian Associations,” ii, 418
Vair, Guillaume du, i, 393
Valentinus, i, 228
—— Gentilis, i, 451, 453
Valerius Maximus, i, 175
Valla, Lorenzo, i, 366–67, 377
Vallée, i, 391
Vambéry, cited, i, 273; ii, 498 n.
Van den Ende, ii, 134
Vandeul, Mme. de, ii, 271
Vanini, i, 21, 475; ii, 51 sq.
Van Manen, ii, 424
Van Mildert, i, 14, 15
Van Vloten, i, 254 n.
Varro, i, 195, 203 n.
Varuna, i, 49 sq.
Vasari, cited, i, 370 n.
Vassor, ii, 145
Vater, ii, 423
Vatke, ii, 474
Vaudois, the, i, 298, 388
Vaughan, cited, ii, 79
Vauvenargues, ii, 246
Vedanta, i, 55
Vedas, i, 29, 48;
translations of, i, 30 n.;
skepticism in, i, 30, 49–50;
attacks on, i, 52–53
Vejento, i, 213
Velasquez, ii, 40
Venus Cloacina, i, 82
Verbalism, Greek, i, 146–47
Vergilius, St., i, 282, 368
Verlaine, ii, 443
Vernes, Maurice, i, 108
Vernet, Jacob, ii, 225
Veron, John, i, 459
Verrall, i, 162–63; ii, 94
Viau, ii, 122
Vickers, K. H., cited, i, 397
Vico, i, 26 n., 375; ii, 365 sq., 468
Vigilantius, i, 239, 298 n.
Villani, G., i, 322
Villanueva, Dr. J., ii, 372
Villari, cited, i, 372, 408
Villemain, ii, 217
Villeneuve, Marquis de, ii, 278 n.
Vincent, J. M., cited, i, 438
Vinci, Leonardo da, i, 370; ii, 463
Virchow, ii, 436
Viret, i, 466
Virgil, i, 204, 209
Virgin-Mother-Goddess, i, 88, 225
Vives, i, 470
Voelkel, ii, 35
Vogt, ii, 479 n.
Volkmar, ii, 427, 436
Volney, ii, 244, 274, 401, 468
Volta, ii, 371
Voltaire, i, 21, 133, 277, 323, 329; ii, 113, 143 n., 147 n., 157, 159, 164 n., 165, 196, 197,
198, 199, 213 n., 220, 222 sq., 227 sq., 237 sq., 246, 252 sq., 256, 257 sq., 263, 273,
284, 291, 431, 468;
cited, i, 6; ii, 236, 248, 273 n., 379, 380
Vorstius, ii, 22
Voulté, i, 388
Voyage de Robertson, ii, 241
Voysey, ii, 413
Vroes, ii, 225, 238
Wadia, Prof., ii, 288 n.
Wagner, Richard, ii, 456
—— Tobias, ii, 298
Wahabi sect, i, 275
Waitz, ii, 470
Walckenaer, ii, 145, 468 n.
Waldenses, i, 298, 338, 411, 415
Waldus, i, 298
Walid, i, 256
Wallace, A. R., ii, 465
—— Dr. Robert, ii, 185
—— Prof. W., cited, i, 182 n., 183 n.
Wallis, Dr., ii, 114
Walpole, ii, 171
Walsh, Rev. W., ii, 413
Walter von der Vogelweide, i, 362
Walther, cited, ii, 295
Walwyn, ii, 79
War in South Africa, effect of, ii, 417
—— religious, i, 338, 392
—— and English deism, ii, 170–71
—— and German, 501
Warburton, ii, 156, 166, 173, 339 n., 353 n.
Ward, Mrs. Humphry, ii, 451
—— Lester, ii, 469
—— Rev. R., ii, 89 n.
Warren, Albertus, ii, 90
Warton, cited, ii, 166
Warville, ii, 244
Washington, ii, 382 sq.
Wasil Ibn Attâ, i, 254
Waterland, ii, 116 n., 158, 173
Wathek, Khalif, i, 258
Watkinson, Archdeacon, cited, ii, 203 n.
Watson, Bishop, ii, 210, 253, 384, 392
—— W., ii, 453
Watts, C., i, 11
—— H. E., cited, ii, 40
—— Isaac, ii, 90, 201–202
Wazon, Bishop, i, 294
Weber, A., cited, i, 45, 52 n., 54, 55 n., 56
—— Em., ii, 298
Wedderburn, ii, 393
Wegscheider, ii, 423, 424, 432
Weigall, A. E. P., cited, i, 74
Weisse, ii, 427
Weizsäcker, ii, 435
Wellhausen, ii, 433, 436;
quoted, i, 104, 136
Wen, Emperor, i, 86
Wenderborn, cited, ii, 205 n.
Werner, ii, 462
Wesley, ii, 195;
cited, ii, 381 n.
Wesleyanism, ii, 195
Westphalia, Peace of, ii, 295
Wette, de, ii, 167, 423, 431
Wheeler, J. M., i, 11
Whewell, ii, 465;
cited, ii, 30 n., 74, 105
Whinfield, i, 264 n., 265
Whiston, ii, 151, 153–54, 161, 176
White, A. D., i, 14, 42, 457 n.; ii, 467
—— Thomas, ii, 102
Whitehead, ii, 167
Whitfield, ii, 195
Whitman, ii, 453
Whittaker, T., i, 108, 187; ii, 43 n., 45 n., 49 n.
Wiclif, i, 334, 349 sq., 394, 416; ii, 280
Wieland, ii, 329
Wielmacker, ii, 2
Wier, i, 479; ii, 33, 138
Wightman, ii, 21, 23
Wilamowitz, i, 125 n.
Wilberforce, ii, 393, 451;
cited, ii, 205–206