1.

Fretting corrosion occurs when

A. a metal is subjected to sustained surface tensile stresses in a corrosive environment

B. a difference in oxidation potentials of metallic ions exists

C. two loaded members have a common surface at which rubbing or sliding takes place
D. minute bubbles of vapor in a liquid collapse at a metal surface

Fretting corrosion is a type of corrosion that occurs at the interface between two materials
undergoing repeated relative motion, typically in the presence of a corrosive environment. This
repeated motion causes mechanical wear and can lead to the breakdown of protective oxide
layers, resulting in localized corrosion at the interface.

2. The voltage or cell potential developed by a magnesium-copper cell at 77 (25° C) is

A. -2.7 V

B. 1.1 V

C. 2.0 V L

D: 2.7 V

The voltage or cell potential developed by a magnesium-copper cell can be calculated using the
standard reduction potentials for each half-cell. The standard reduction potential for magnesium
(Mg) is -2.37 V, and for copper (Cu) is +0.34 V.
The cell potential (E_cell) is calculated by subtracting the reduction potential of the anode from
the reduction potential of the cathode:
E_cell = E_cathode - E_anode
E_cell = (+0.34 V) - (-2.37 V) E_cell = 0.34 V + 2.37 V E_cell ≈ 2.71 V
At 25°C, the voltage or cell potential developed by the magnesium-copper cell is approximately:
D. 2.7 V

3. Which of the following is NOT necessary to test and accurately calculate resistance of a section of
pipe?

A. Current source

B. Voltmeter

C. Ohmmeter

D. Two pipe connections

4. A structure-to-soil potential measured with respect to a zinc reference electrode is +0.120 volt. The
equivalent copper sulfate electrode potential.

A. +1.22 volt
B. +0.37 volt

C. -0.73 volt

D 0.98 volt

To convert the structure-to-soil potential measured with respect to a zinc reference electrode
(+0.120 volt) to the equivalent copper sulfate electrode potential, we use the standard reduction
potential for each electrode.
The standard reduction potential for the zinc electrode (Zn^2+ + 2e^- → Zn) is -0.76 V, and for
the copper electrode (Cu^2+ + 2e^- → Cu) is +0.34 V.
The potential difference between the zinc and copper electrodes is:
ΔE = E_copper - E_zinc
ΔE = (+0.34 V) - (-0.76 V) ΔE = 0.34 V + 0.76 V ΔE = 1.10 V
Now, we add the potential difference to the measured potential with respect to the zinc
electrode:
Measured potential with respect to copper electrode = Potential with respect to zinc electrode +
ΔE Measured potential with respect to copper electrode = +0.120 V + 1.10 V Measured
potential with respect to copper electrode = +1.22 V
Therefore, the equivalent copper sulfate electrode potential is:
A. +1.22 volt

5. If 150 milliamperes were discharging from a 32 lb (14.5 kg) magnesium anode, using an efficiency of
50% and a utilization factor of 85%, what would be the life expectancy for the anode?

A. Less than 1 year

B. 10.5 years

C. 12 years

D. 24.5 years

To calculate the life expectancy of the magnesium anode, we need to consider the total charge
passed by the anode, which is given by the current (in amperes) multiplied by the time (in
hours). Then, we can use the efficiency and utilization factor to adjust the life expectancy.
First, we need to convert the current from milliamperes to amperes:
150 milliamperes = 0.150 amperes
The total charge passed by the anode (Q) can be calculated using the formula:
Q=I×t
Where:
• Q is the total charge passed (in coulombs)
• I is the current (in amperes)
 • t is the time (in hours)
Given that the current is 0.150 amperes, we need to convert it to hours. Let's assume a year has
8760 hours (365 days * 24 hours/day).
So, the total charge passed by the anode is:
Q = 0.150 A × 8760 hours = 1314 coulombs
Now, we adjust the life expectancy using the efficiency and utilization factor:
Adjusted life expectancy = (Q / (I × 0.50 × 0.85)) / 8760 hours per year
Plugging in the values:
Adjusted life expectancy = (1314 coulombs / (0.150 A × 0.50 × 0.85)) / 8760 hours per year
Adjusted life expectancy ≈ (1314 coulombs / (0.06375 A)) / 8760 hours per year Adjusted life
expectancy ≈ (20628.24 hours) / 8760 hours per year Adjusted life expectancy ≈ 2.356 years
Therefore, the life expectancy for the anode would be approximately:
A. Less than 1 year

6. What is the resistance of a single, vertical anode that is 6 feet (1.83 m) in length, 10 inches (254 mm)
in diameter and is located in a soil with a resistivity value of 20,000 ohm cm?

A. 10 ohms

B. 50 ohms

C. 53 ohms

D. 70 ohms

To calculate the resistance of the single vertical anode, we can use the formula for the resistance
of a cylindrical conductor:
�=�⋅��R=Aρ⋅L
Where:
• �R is the resistance,
• �ρ is the resistivity of the soil (in ohm-cm),
• �L is the length of the anode (in cm),
• �A is the cross-sectional area of the anode (in cm²).
First, we need to convert the given dimensions to centimeters:
• Length of the anode (�L): 1.83 m×100 cm/m=183 cm1.83m×100cm/m=183cm
• Diameter of the anode (�d): 254 mm=25.4 cm254mm=25.4cm
The cross-sectional area (�A) of the anode can be calculated using the formula for the area of a
circle:
�=�⋅�24A=4π⋅d2
Substitute the given values: �=�⋅(25.4 cm)24A=4π⋅(25.4cm)2
�≈506.71 cm2A≈506.71cm2
Now, we can calculate the resistance (�R): �=20,000 ohm-
cm×183 cm506.71 cm2R=506.71cm220,000ohm-cm×183cm
�≈72.49 ΩR≈72.49Ω
Therefore, the resistance of the single vertical anode is approximately 72.49 Ω72.49Ω, which is
closest to option D. 70 ohms.
7. What can increase the self-corrosion of magnesium anodes?

A. Carbonates

B. Bicarbonates

C. Chlorides
D. Phosphates

8. Zinc and magnesium anodes are typically surrounded by a chemical backfi for which of the following
reasons?

I. Better anode current efficiency

II. Low resistivity

III. Absorb moisture.

IV. Isolate anode from native soil

A. I only

B. I and II only

C. II, III and IV only

D. I, II, and IV
9. Due to the potential for generation of chlorine gases from deep anode cathodic protection systems,
special consideration should be given to the selection of the

A. carbon backfill

B. rectifier size

C. anode material
D. anode lead wire insulation

10. The actual consumption rate of standard zinc anode is

A. 1 lb/amp-yr (450 g /amp-yr)

B. 7 lb/amp-yr (3.2 kg/ amp-yr)

C. 17.5 lb/amp-yr (8.0 kg /amp-yr)

D. 24 lb/amp-yr (11 kg/ amp-yr)

11. The consumption rate of a graphite anode is

A. 0.5 to 10 lb/amp-yr (0.2-0.4 kg/amp-yr)

B. 2 to 4 lb/amp-yr (0.9 to 1.8 kg /amp/yr)

C. 7 lb/amp-yr (3.2 kg /amp/yr)

D. 17.5 lb/amp-yr (8 kg/ amp-yr)

12. What is the approximate current output of a single, 32 lb (14.5 kg) high- potential magnesium anode
on a poorly coated pipe when the soil resistivity is 2,000 ohm-cm and the desired resultant pipe-to-soil
potential is-0.850 volt?

A. 80 mA

B. 200 mA

C. 450 mA

D. 650 mA

To calculate the approximate current output of the magnesium anode, we can use Faraday's Law
of Electrolysis:
�=��I=tQ
Where:
• �I = Current (in Amperes)
• �Q = Charge (in Coulombs)
• �t = Time (in seconds)
The charge �Q can be calculated using the formula:
�=��Q=nF
Where:
• �Q = Charge (in Coulombs)
• �n = Number of moles of electrons exchanged during the reaction
• �F = Faraday's constant (96485 C/mol96485C/mol)
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of electrons exchanged (�n) during the
reaction. This can be done by dividing the total weight of the anode (in grams) by its equivalent
weight (in grams/mole). For magnesium, the equivalent weight is approximately
24.305 g/mol24.305g/mol.
Given that the weight of the anode is 14.5 kg=14500 g14.5kg=14500g, the number of moles of
electrons exchanged (�n) is:
�=14500 g24.305 g/mol≈596.98 moln=24.305g/mol14500g≈596.98mol
Now, let's calculate the charge �Q:
�=��=596.98 mol×96485 C/mol≈57600568.53 CQ=nF=596.98mol×96485C/mol≈57600568.53C
Now, we need to calculate the time �t. The time can be determined using the formula:
�=���t=IRL
Where:
• �L = Length of the anode (in cm)
• �I = Desired current output (in Amperes)
• �R = Soil resistivity (in ohm-cm)
Given that the desired resultant pipe-to-soil potential is −0.850 volt−0.850volt, and using Ohm's
law, we can find the current output (�I):
�=��I=RV
Where:
• �V = Voltage (in volts)
• �R = Resistance (in ohms)
Given that �=−0.850 voltV=−0.850volt and �=2000 ohm-cmR=2000ohm-cm, we find:
�=−0.850 volt2000 ohm-cm=−0.000425 A=−425 mAI=2000ohm-cm−0.850volt=−0.000425A=−425mA
Note: The negative sign indicates that the direction of the current flow is opposite to the
conventional direction.
Let's convert the current output to positive:
�=425 mAI=425mA
Now, we can calculate the time (�t):
�=���t=IRL
Given that �=32 lb=14.5 kgL=32lb=14.5kg and �=425 mAI=425mA:
�=14.5 kg/(425×10−3 A)(2000 ohm-cm)t=(425×10−3A)(2000ohm-cm)14.5kg
�≈14.5×103 g/(425×10−3 A)(2000 ohm-cm)t≈(425×10−3A)(2000ohm-cm)14.5×103g
�≈14.5×103 g/(425×10−3 A)(2000 ohm-cm)t≈(425×10−3A)(2000ohm-cm)14.5×103g
�≈14.5×103 g/(425×10−3 A)(2000×10−2 ohm)t≈(425×10−3A)(2000×10−2ohm)14.5×103g
�≈14.5×103 g/(425×10−3×2000×10−2) Ct≈(425×10−3×2000×10−2)C14.5×103g
�≈14.5×103 g/425×2 Ct≈425×2C14.5×103g
�≈14.5850 hourst≈85014.5hours
�≈0.017 hourst≈0.017hours
Now, let's convert hours to seconds:
�≈0.017×3600 seconds≈61.2 secondst≈0.017×3600seconds≈61.2seconds
Now, let's calculate the current output �I using Faraday's Law:
�=��=57600568.53 C61.2 seconds≈941390.26 AI=tQ=61.2seconds57600568.53C≈941390.26A
Converting Amperes to milliamperes:
�≈941390.26×103 mA≈941390 mAI≈941390.26×103mA≈941390mA
So, the approximate current output of a single, 32 lb (14.5 kg) high-potential magnesium anode
on a poorly coated pipe when the soil resistivity is 2,000 ohm-cm and the desired resultant pipe-
to-soil potential is -0.850 volt is approximately 941,390 mA.
None of the provided options match this calculation, so it seems there might be a discrepancy
or misunderstanding in the given options or calculation method.
13. What is the approximate current output of a bed of four 20 lb (9.1 kg) zinc anodes spaced five feet
(1.53 m) apart on a poorly coated pipe, when the soil resistivity is 1,000 ohm-cm and the desired
resultant pipe-to-soil potential is -0.850v?

A. 50 mA

B. 152 mA
C. 455 mA

D. 650 mA

1. otal surface area of the anode bed: A=4×π×r2

A=4×π×(1.53m)2≈29.33m2
2. Calculate the resistance: R=ρ×AL
R=1000ohm-cm×29.33m21.53m×100cm/m≈522.71ohms
3. Calculate the desired current output:
I=−0.850 V/522.71 ohms≈−0.001626 AI=RV=522.71ohms−0.850V
≈−0.001626A

Converting to milliamperes: I≈−1.626 mAI≈−1.626mA

Since the current is negative, it means the direction of the current flow is
opposite to the conventional direction. We will consider the magnitude for
comparison with provided options.

The closest option to this value is:

B. 152 mA

14. A beneficial alloy for the manufacturing process of magnesium anodes is

A. copper

B. nickel
C. manganese

D. iron
15. When designing galvanic anode systems for chloride-rich environments over 140°F (60°C) the
preferred alloy would be

A. mercury-activated aluminum
B. indium-activates aluminum

C. zinc

D. high-potential magnesium

16. Platinum anodes do NOT have which of the following core materials?

A. Steel

B. Titanium

C. Niobium

D. Copper

17. In a ground bed resistance of 1.3 ohms, how many vertically installed 12- inch (0.305 m) diameter by
6-feet (1.83 m) long anodes spaced at 15-foot (4.6 m) spacings are necessary in 2,000 ohm-cm soil?

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

To determine the number of anodes necessary, we first need to calculate the

current output required to achieve the desired pipe-to-soil potential.

The formula to calculate the required current output is:

�=��I=RV

Where:

• �I is the current (in Amperes)

• �V is the desired pipe-to-soil potential (in volts)
• �R is the total resistance of the anode system (in ohms)
Given:

• Desired pipe-to-soil potential (�V) = not provided

• Total resistance of the anode system (�R) = 1.3 ohms

We need the desired pipe-to-soil potential to calculate the required current.

Assuming a common desired potential of -0.85 volts (as mentioned in
previous questions), let's proceed with that value.

Given:

• Desired pipe-to-soil potential (�V) = -0.85 volts

• Total resistance of the anode system (�R) = 1.3 ohms

�=−0.85 V1.3 Ω≈−0.654 AI=1.3Ω−0.85V≈−0.654A

Now, we calculate the total area required for the anode bed. Each anode is 12
inches in diameter and 6 feet long. Let's convert these dimensions to meters:

• Diameter (�d) = 12 inches = 0.305 m0.305m

• Length (�L) = 6 feet = 1.83 m1.83m

The total surface area of one anode (�anodeAanode) can be calculated using
the formula for the surface area of a cylinder:

�anode=2���+��2Aanode=2πrL+πr2

Where:

• �r is the radius of the cylinder (half of the diameter)

�=�2=0.305 m2=0.1525 mr=2d=20.305m=0.1525m

�anode=2�(0.1525)(1.83)+�(0.1525)2Aanode
=2π(0.1525)(1.83)+π(0.1525)2 �anode=3.5223 m2Aanode=3.5223m2
The spacing between anodes is given as 15 feet, or 4.6 m4.6m. We can now
calculate the total area covered by one anode and its spacing:

�total=�anode+spacing areaAtotal=Aanode+spacing area

�total=3.5223 m2+(4.6 m)(0.305 m)Atotal=3.5223m2+(4.6m)(0.305m)

�total=3.5223 m2+1.403 m2Atotal=3.5223m2+1.403m2
�total=4.9253 m2Atotal=4.9253m2

Now, we need to calculate the total current output for this total area:

�total=�required×�totalItotal=Irequired×Atotal

�total=(−0.654 A)×(4.9253 m2)Itotal=(−0.654A)×(4.9253m2)

�total=−3.222 AItotal=−3.222A

The negative sign indicates that the direction of the current flow is opposite to
the conventional direction. We will consider the magnitude for comparison
with provided options.

Each anode can provide a certain current output. Let's calculate the current
output provided by each anode:

�anode=��anodeIanode=RanodeV

Given the resistivity of the soil (2,000 ohm-cm), we need to calculate the
resistance of each anode (�anodeRanode). The resistance of a cylindrical
anode can be calculated using:

�anode=�×��anodeRanode=ρ×AanodeL

Where:

• �ρ is the resistivity of the soil (2,000 ohm-cm)

• �L is the length of the anode (1.83 m)
• �anodeAanode is the surface area of the anode (3.5223 m²)
�anode=(2000 ohm-cm)×1.83 m3.5223 m2Ranode=(2000ohm-
cm)×3.5223m21.83m �anode=(2000×0.0183) ohmsRanode
=(2000×0.0183)ohms �anode=36.6 ohmsRanode=36.6ohms

Now, let's calculate the current output provided by each anode:

�anode=−0.85 V36.6 ΩIanode=36.6Ω−0.85V �anode≈−0.0232 AIanode

≈−0.0232A

Converting to milliamperes: �anode≈−23.2 mAIanode≈−23.2mA

Again, the negative sign indicates the direction of the current flow is opposite
to the conventional direction. We will consider the magnitude for comparison
with provided options.

Now, let's find out how many anodes are needed to provide the required total
current output:

������ �� ������=∣�total∣∣�anode∣Numberofanod
es=∣Ianode∣∣Itotal∣
������ �� ������=∣−3.222 A∣∣−0.0232 A∣Numberof
anodes=∣−0.0232A∣∣−3.222A∣
������ �� ������≈3.222 A0.0232 ANumberofanode
s≈0.0232A3.222A
������ �� ������≈138.9Numberofanodes≈138.9

Rounded up to the nearest whole number, the number of anodes needed is

139. However, since we're using discrete anodes, we can't use a fraction of an
anode. Therefore, we need to round up to the nearest whole number.

So, the number of anodes needed would be 139.

None of the provided options match this calculation, so it seems there might
be a discrepancy or misunderstanding in the given options or calculation
method.
18. What will the ground bed resistance be for a deep anode ground bed consisting of seven 2-inch (5
cm) by 60-inch (1.53 m) high silicon iron anodes in a column of coke breeze that is 80-feet 24.4 m) long
and 10- inches (0.25 m) in diameter? (the soil resistivity is 10,000-ohm cm at anode depth).

A. 3.5 ohms

B. 3.7 ohms

C. 3.9 ohms

D. 4.3 ohms

19. On a pipeline without cathodic protection, a potential survey completed above the pipeline will
demonstrate an area is anodic to other areas if the potentials are

A. less negative
B. more negative

C. fluctuating rapidly

D. constant in value

20. Potential surveys completed above a bare or poorly coated pipeline without cathodic protection can
locate which of the following:

1. Stray current corrosion areas

II. Anodic locations

III. Cathodic locations

A. I only

B. I and II only
C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
21. For a pipe-to-soil potential measurement, a technician records a value of - 0.89 volt on the 2-volt
range and -0.85 on the 1-volt range. Using a voltmeter having an input resistance of 40,000 ohms per
volt, what is the true pipe-to-soil potential at the location?

A. -1.052 volt

B. -0.978 volt

C. -0.934 volt

D. -0.892 volt

22. A cell-to-cell side drain survey should be used with caution because

A. the survey results are inconclusive.

B. a localized anodic cell on the bottom of the pipe could be missed.

C. a localized anodic cell on the top of the pipe could be missed.

D. large anodic areas could be missed.

23. If a cell-to-cell side drain survey is completed with the positive cell over the pipe, the negative cell
15 feet (4.6 m) to the side, and the meter voltage polarity is negative, which of the following is true?

A. Conventional current flow is from the pipe to the soil

B. Conventional current flow is from the soil to the pipe

C. Conventional current flow cannot be determined

D. The voltage difference between the cells does not indicate anything.

24. On a bare pipeline without cathodic protection, a potential survey over the pipe would indicate the
existence of an anodic location if the survey demonstrated

A. current flow in the same direction along the entire length of the survey

B. consistent, non-changing potentials along the pipe's length

C. less negative values than potentials recorded to the side of the pipe

D. more negative values than potentials recorded to the side of the pipe
25. Which of the following reference-electrode materials is used in chloride environments?

A. Silver bearing
B. Copper bearing

C. Zinc

D. Calomel

26. A structure-to-soil potential is recorded when the copper sulphate reference electrode is at 25°F (-
4°C). If the recorded value is -0.900 VCSE, what is the temperature corrected potential?

A. -0.826 VCSE

B. -0.874 VCSE

C. -0.926 VCSE

D. -0.982 VCSE

27. On a two wire test post, the test wires are 100 feet (30.5m) apart. If a voltage drop of 0.15mV is
recorded between the two test wires, the pipe diameter is 20 inches (508 mm) and the wall thickness is
0.375 inches (9.53 mm), what is the current magnitude in the pipe steel?

A. 408A

B. 40.8A

C. 4.08A

D. 408 mA

28. Stray current interference at a pipeline crossing may be reduced by

A. installing an electrical shield

B. increasing the interfering rectifier output

C. reducing the resistance at the pipeline crossing by removing the coating

D. placing galvanic anodes at the stray current pickup point
29. Which of the following is NOT a method of measuring the effects of dynamic interference currents
on a pipeline?

A. Data logging at test points

B. Line current measurement

C. Pipe-to-soil potential survey

D. Soil resistivity at foreign line crossing

30. current interference pick-up point. With the data pi that the vertical axis has increasing voltage and
the horizontal axis has decreasing pipe-to-soil potentials, what will the Beta curve look like?

A. Slanted from bottom-right side to top-left side

B. Slanted from bottom-left side to top-right side

C. Exponential curve increasing right to left

D. Exponential curve decreasing right to left

31. When reviewing Beta curves, the maximum exposure point can be determined from the

A. slope

B. rate of exponential increase

C. rate of exponential decrease

D. inflection point
32. Cathodic corrosion can occur on what type of pipe?

A. Ductile iron

B. Aluminum

C. Steel
D. Stainless steel

33. When ferrous hydroxide reacts with oxygen in solution, what corrosion product is formed?

A. Fe (OH)2

B. Fe (OH)3
C. Fe2O3

D. Fe3O2
34. Electroendosmosis can occur near a cathodic protection anode when

A. the current discharge is low

B. the medium that the current is traveling through is porous

C. water is not present

D. the current is not flowing through the medium

35. Graphitization can occur on what material?

A. Graphite

B. Steel

C. Cast iron
D. Stainless steel

66. Graphitization is what form of corrosion?

A. Fretting

B. Pitting

C. Dealloying
D. Galvanic

67. Which of the following is NOT a form of velocity corrosion?

A. Impingement

B. Fretting
C. Cavitation

D. Erosion

68. Which of the following is NOT a form of localized corrosion attack?

A. Intergranular

B. Pitting

C. Galvanic
D. Filiform
69. Corrosion protection of concrete is NOT accomplished by

A. fluoride treatments

B. sodium silicate washes

C. addition of esters
D. epoxy coatings

70. The most common plastic materials used underground include which of the following

1. Polypropylene
II. Polyethylene
III. Polyvinyl chloride
IV. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene

A. IV only

B. II and III only

C. I, II and III only

D. II, III and IV only

71. Which of the following materials is most commonly used as a sacrificial anode for sea applications?

A. Magnesium
B. Silver

C. Aluminum

D. Lead

72. Which of the following does NOT affect the corrosion rate of a metal in an underground
environment?

A. Bacteria

B. Moisture

C. Aeration

D. Soil particle size

73. Which of the following causes corrosion of concrete?

1. Acids

II. Sulfate ions

III. Magnesium ions

IV. Organic compounds

A. I only

B. I and IV only

C. II and III only

D. I, II, III, and IV

74. The consumption rate of copper is

A. 20 lbs/amp year

B. 25 lbs/amp year
C. 45 lbs/amp-year

D. 75 lbs/amp-year

75. To measure an accurate structure-to-soil potential, the voltmeter should have

A. high external circuit resistance

B. high internal circuit resistance

C. low internal circuit resistance

D. variable external circuit resistance

76. When trying to satisfy the negative 850 mV polarized criteria using the current interruption method,
which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when selecting the "off cycle duration?

A. Level of polarization

B. Voltage spike
C. Polarization maintenance during testing

D. Structure depolarization during the "off" period

The factor that is NOT typically considered when selecting the "off cycle duration" in the current
interruption method to satisfy the negative 850 mV polarized criteria is:
B. Voltage spike
Voltage spikes are generally not directly related to the duration of the "off cycle" in the current
interruption method. Instead, they are transient increases in voltage that can occur due to
various factors such as switching of electrical loads or electromagnetic interference. While
voltage spikes may need to be managed or mitigated in certain situations, they are not
specifically related to the duration of the "off cycle" in this context.

77. When use of the 100 mV cathodic polarization criteria has demonstrated adequate levels of
cathodic protection, the "on" potential can be used for future monitoring comparisons unless

A. additional facilities have not been installed

B. coating quality has not changed

C. environmental situations remain the same

D. rectifier current outputs have decreased

When using the 100 mV cathodic polarization criteria for monitoring cathodic protection, the
"on" potential can be used for future comparisons as long as the system conditions remain
stable. However, if the rectifier current outputs decrease, it could indicate a change in the
system's performance or a problem with the cathodic protection system. Therefore, this would
be a situation where the "on" potential may not be reliable for future monitoring comparisons.

78. Which of the following methods is NOT used to prove the negative 850 mV polarized potent criteria
is satisfied?

A. Coupons

B. Current interruption

C. Polarization decay
D. Calculation of voltage or IR drops

Polarization decay is not commonly used to directly prove that the negative 850 mV polarized
potential criteria is satisfied. Instead, it is typically utilized to assess the rate at which the
polarization potential of a system decays after a current interruption, which can provide insights
into the effectiveness of the cathodic protection system. However, it is not directly employed to
confirm compliance with a specific polarized potential criterion like negative 850 mV.
79. The 100 mV polarization criteria is NOT applicable to which of the following metals?

A. Steel

B. Aluminum

C. Silver
D. Copper

The 100 mV polarization criteria is typically applicable to steel, aluminum, and copper for
cathodic protection. However, it is not commonly applied to silver.

80. Amphoteric materials can be damaged by high alkalinity conditions created by

A. high levels of cathodic protection

B. low levels of cathodic protection

C. highly acidic environments

D. near neutral acidic environments

Amphoteric materials can indeed be damaged by high alkalinity conditions. High alkalinity can
result from low levels of cathodic protection. Therefore, the correct answer is:
B. low levels of cathodic protection

81. To maintain adequate levels of cathodic protection on dissimilar metallic piping, a negative voltage
with respect to a reference electrode must be maintained equal to that required for the protection of
the

A. most cathodic metal

B. most noble metal

C. most anodic metal

D. amphoteric metal

To maintain adequate levels of cathodic protection on dissimilar metallic piping, the negative
voltage with respect to a reference electrode should be maintained equal to that required for
the protection of the most cathodic metal.

82. According to RP0169-96, one method of considering the IR drop is

A. conducting annual test point surveys

B. reviewing historical performance of the CP system

C. bi-monthly monitoring of rectifiers

D. monthly monitoring of rectifiers

According to RP0169-96 (NACE Standard Practice, Control of External Corrosion on
Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems), one method of considering the IR drop is:
B. reviewing historical performance of the CP system
Reviewing historical performance of the cathodic protection (CP) system can help in assessing
and understanding the IR drop over time, which is important for maintaining effective cathodic
protection. This involves analyzing past data and trends to identify any deviations or changes in
the system's performance.

83. For an underground storage tank, which of the following is NOT a criteria for determining if
adequate levels of cathodic protection exist?

A. 100 mV polarization

B. 300 mV shift
C. Negative 850mV with protection applied

D. Negative 850 mV polarized potential

Among the given options, "300 mV shift" is NOT a criteria for determining if adequate levels of
cathodic protection exist for an underground storage tank.
The criteria typically used for determining adequate levels of cathodic protection for
underground storage tanks include:
A. 100 mV polarization C. Negative 850 mV with protection applied D. Negative 850 mV
polarized potential
These criteria focus on achieving specific levels of polarization or potential to ensure effective
cathodic protection. The "300 mV shift" criterion is not commonly used in this context.

84. Which of the following methods is used to prove that a well casing is cathodically protected

A. 100 mV polarization

B. 300 mV shift

C. E-log I
D. Negative 850 mV polarized potential

Among the given options, "E-log I" is a method used to prove that a well casing is cathodically
protected.
85. When a pipeline is above grade and sharing a common right-of-way with a HVAC system pipeline is
subjected to which of the following affects from the HVAC system?

A. Resistive coupling

B. Capacitive coupling
C. Power arc

D. Lighting

Capacitive coupling occurs when there is an electric field between two conductors that are not
directly connected, which can induce voltages and currents in the nearby pipeline. This can be a
concern in situations where pipelines share a common right-of-way with other electrical systems
like HVAC pipelines.

86. To avoid an induced steady state AC voltage shock hazard on a pipeline, the levels of A must be
maintained at or below

A. 5 volts

B. 10 volts
C. 15 volts

D. 30 volts

To avoid an induced steady state AC voltage shock hazard on a pipeline, the levels of A (induced
AC voltage) must be maintained at or below:
B. 10 volts
This threshold is often used to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment near pipelines
subjected to induced AC voltages.
87. During pipeline construction in a shared right-of-way with an HVAC system, pipeline se should have
temporary electrical grounds at intervals not greater than

A. 250 feet (76 m)

B. 500 feet (153 m)

C. 750 feet (229 m)

D. 1,000 feet (300 m)

During pipeline construction in a shared right-of-way with an HVAC system, pipeline sections
should have temporary electrical grounds at intervals not greater than:

B. 500 feet (153 m)

These temporary electrical grounds are used to mitigate the risk of induced AC voltages and
ensure the safety of personnel and equipment during construction activities.
88. Methods for mitigating induced AC voltages from a pipeline include which of the foll

1. Gradient control mats

11. Galvanic anodes

III. Impressed current system

IV. Gradient control wire

A. I only

B. III only

C. I, III, and IV only

D. I, II, III and IV

89. A current requirement test is to be performed on a 2,500-foot (763 m), 24-incyh (diameter pipe with
5% bare surface area. What is the anticipated test current for if it is considered well coated?

A. 1.570A
B. 1.492A

C. 157 mA

D. 785 mA

To calculate the anticipated test current for a well-coated pipeline, we can use
the formula:

I=2π×L×i/A

Where:

• �I is the test current,

• �L is the length of the pipeline in feet,
• �i is the current density (typically taken as 1.5 mA/ft² or 0.155 mA/m²),
• �A is the bare surface area of the pipeline in square feet.

Given:

L=2500 feet,
• D=24 inches, which is 22 feet in diameter,
• A is the bare surface area.
First, let's calculate the bare surface area:

A=π×D×L/4

A=π×2×2500/4

A=π×5000/4 A=12500π/4 A=3125π

/4

Now, let's calculate the test current:

I=2π×L×i/A

I=2π×2500×1.5/3125 π I=7500π/3125π I=7500/3125 I≈2.4A

So, the anticipated test current is approximately 2.42.4 amperes.

None of the provided options match exactly. However, the closest option is:

A. 1.570A

90. As temperature increases, resistivities of soils and waters normally

A. increase

B. decrease
C. remain constant

D. fluctuate

This is a well-known phenomenon in electrical engineering and physics, where higher

temperatures typically lead to increased mobility of ions or charge carriers, resulting in
decreased resistivity.

91. A method to accurately measure the effectiveness of a buried isolation joint or measure the

A. circuit resistance using a DC ohm meter

B. circuit resistance of the joint and alternate resistance paths using a DC m

C. coating resistance on either side of the isolation joint

D. current leakage across the joint while applying a temporary current to one joint.
Using a DC ohm meter to measure the circuit resistance across the joint can help determine the
integrity and effectiveness of the isolation joint by assessing the resistance between the
separated segments of the pipeline.

92. A remote ground bed consists of 6 anodes each having a different resistance. Neglecting the
resistance of the cables, what is the total ground bed resistance if the individual anode resistances are 1
ohm, 2 ohm, 4 ohm, 4 ohm, 5 ohm, and 10 ohms?

A. 0.3 ohms

B. 0.4 ohms
C. 0.5 ohms

D. 0.6 ohms

To calculate the total resistance of the ground bed, we need to determine the equivalent
resistance of the combination of resistors in parallel. The formula for calculating the total
resistance of resistors in parallel is:

1/Rtotal=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+…

Given the individual resistances of the anodes: �1=1 ohmR1=1ohm �2=2 ohmsR2=2ohms
�3=4 ohmsR3=4ohms �4=4 ohmsR4=4ohms �5=5 ohmsR5=5ohms �6=10 ohmsR6=10ohms

Now, let's calculate the total resistance:

total=1/1+1/2+1/4+1/4+1/5+1/101

total=1+0.5+0.25+0.25+0.2+0.1

Rtotal1=2.3

Rtotal=1/2.31

Rtotal≈0.434ohms

So, the total ground bed resistance is approximately 0.434 ohms.

None of the provided options match exactly. However, the closest option is:

B. 0.4 ohms
93. To correct potential readings taken with a 0.1 normal calomel electrode (connected to the negative
pole of the voltage) to equivalent readings with respect to copper-copper sulfate electrode you need to

A. subtract 0.018V
B. add 0.036 v

C. add 0.028 v

D. (subtract 0.021v)

94. Potential surveys can provide

I. location of "hot spots"

II. precise extent of corrosion

III. areas of stray current

A. I Only

B. III Only

C. I and III Only

D. II and III Only

Potential surveys can provide:

I. Location of "hot spots" (areas with higher-than-normal potential readings, indicating potential
corrosion or other issues) III. Areas of stray current (areas where stray electrical currents may be
affecting the pipeline, potentially leading to corrosion)

95. Which of the following is LEAST likely to cause severe anode polarization

A. Large current

B. High electrolyte conductivity

C. Large anode area

D. Gas blocking
96. Cathodic protection current requirements

A. are lower with increased temperature.

B. are lower with high oxygen content.

C. Increase With Surface Area Protected.

D. are higher in stagnant than moving electrolytes.
97. Which of the following is NOT a method of detecting stray current(s) on a pipeline?

A. Measure current flow in pipeline

B. Measure Resistivity Of Soil Adjacent To Pipeline

C. Measure IR drop in earth perpendicular to pipeline

D. Measure pipe-to-soil potential

Measuring the resistivity of soil adjacent to the pipeline is not a direct method for detecting
stray currents. Instead, it provides information about the soil's conductivity, which can indirectly
affect the likelihood of stray currents. The other options (A, C, and D) are more directly related
to detecting stray currents.

98. What is the potential of a half cell with respect to a Cu/CuSO4, reference if the half-cell potential to
a saturated calomel reference electrode is -775 mV?

A. -825 mV

B. -703 mV

C. -847 mV

D. -775 mV

To find the potential of a half-cell with respect to a Cu/CuSO4 reference, given that the half-cell
potential to a saturated calomel reference electrode is -775 mV, we need to add the potential of
the Cu/CuSO4 reference electrode to the potential measured with the saturated calomel
reference electrode.
The standard potential for the Cu/CuSO4 reference electrode is 0 mV.
So, the potential of the half-cell with respect to the Cu/CuSO4 reference electrode would be:
-775 mV (from saturated calomel reference) + 0 mV (for Cu/CuSO4 reference) = -775 mV.

99. What is the emf of a corrosion cell if the corrosion cell has an anode with a corrosion potential of -
1750 mV and a polarized potential of -1550 mV, and a cathode with a corrosion potential of 575 mV and
a polarized potential of -1025 mV?

A. 175 mV

B. 975 mV

C. 525 mV

D. 725 mV

The EMF (Electromotive Force) of a corrosion cell can be calculated by subtracting the potential
of the cathode from the potential of the anode.
Given: Anode: Corrosion potential = -1750 mV Polarized potential = -1550 mV
Cathode: Corrosion potential = 575 mV Polarized potential = -1025 mV
EMF = (Anode potential) - (Cathode potential) EMF = (-1550 mV) - (575 mV) EMF = -1550 mV -
575 mV EMF = -2125 mV
Now, to convert the potential to a positive value, we'll multiply by -1:
EMF = -1 * (-2125 mV) EMF = 2125 mV
So, the EMF of the corrosion cell is 2125 mV.
None of the provided options match exactly. However, the closest option is:

100. A pipeline inspection tool moves down a 30" OD (0.50" wall) pipeline at a rate of 5 miles per hour.
At this rate of flow, what is the gallon/day output of the line?

A. Approximately 6,920,000 gal/day

B. Approximately 21,800,000 gal/day

C. Approximately 750,000 gal/day

D. Approximately 122,000,000 gal/day

To calculate the gallon per day output of the pipeline, we need to determine the volume of fluid
that flows through the pipeline in one day.
First, let's convert the rate of flow from miles per hour to feet per day: 5 miles/hour * 5280
feet/mile * 24 hours/day = 633,600 feet/day
The volume of fluid flowing through the pipeline per day can be calculated using the formula for
the volume of a cylinder:
Volume = π * r^2 * h
Where:
• r is the radius of the pipeline (0.5 * 12 inches = 6 inches = 0.5 feet)
• h is the distance the tool moves per day (633,600 feet)
Volume = π * (0.5 feet)^2 * 633,600 feet ≈ 595,871.8 cubic feet
Now, let's convert this volume to gallons: 1 cubic foot = 7.48052 gallons
Volume ≈ 595,871.8 cubic feet * 7.48052 gallons/cubic foot ≈ 4,454,187.7 gallons
So, the gallon per day output of the line is approximately 4,454,188 gallons/day.
None of the provided options match exactly. However, the closest option is:
C. Approximately 750,000 gal/day