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 Putting Queensland on the Map

loganjacklayout3.indd 1 7/5/08 8:52:31 AM

 TORRES STRAIT MINERAL FIELDS
1 Coen (gold)
Thursday Isand 2 Palmer (gold)
Somerset 3 Hodgkinson (gold)
4 Russell (gold)
5 Croydon (gold)
Temple Bay 6 Etheridge (gold)
7 Gilbert (gold)
8 Woolgar (gold)
9 Cape (gold)
15 10 Charters Towers (gold)
16 11 Ravenswood (gold)
12 Clemont (gold)
1 13 Talgai (gold)
14 Stanthorpe (tin)

17 OTHER SIGNIFICANT
Cape Flattery
15 Janet Range
Cooktown 16 Lockhart River
Maytown
17 Normanby River
Byerstown 18 Burdekin River
2
Port Douglas 19 Bowen River
3 Cairns
Pt Parker Thornborough
Normanton Mourilyan Harbour
Croydon Irvinebank 4
Burketown
5 6

7
Gilberton
Townsville
8 Bowen
Charters Towers 11
9 10 19
Cloncurry
Hughenden

12

Barcaldine
Longreach Rockhampton

Blackall
Barcoo Springsure
River

Maryborough
Charleville
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Brisbane

13
14

NEW SOUTH WALES

loganjacklayout3.indd 2 7/5/08 8:53:09 AM

 Putting
Queensland
on the Map
the life of
Robert Logan Jack
geologist & explorer

Felicity Jack

UNSW
PRESS

loganjacklayout3.indd 3 7/5/08 8:53:13 AM

 C
A UNSW Press book

Published by
University of New South Wales Press Ltd
University of New South Wales
Sydney NSW 2052
AUSTRALIA
www.unswpress.com.au

© Felicity Jack 2008

First published 2008

This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose
of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the
Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without
written permission. Inquiries should be addressed to the publisher.
National Library of Australia
Cataloguing-in-Publication entry

Jack, Felicity.
Putting Queensland on the map: the life of Robert Logan Jack,
geologist and explorer/author, Felicity Jack.
Sydney, N.S.W.: University of New South Wales Press, 2008.
ISBN: 978 1 921410 26 0 (hbk.)
Includes index.

Jack, Robert L. (Robert Logan), 1845–1921

Geologists – Queensland – Biography.
Explorers – Queensland – Biography.
Prospecting – Queensland.
Queensland – Discovery and exploration.

550.92

Design Josephine Pajor-Markus

Printer Kyodo Printing

This book is printed on paper using fibre supplied from plantation or sustainably managed forests.

loganjacklayout3.indd 4 12/6/08 9:24:00 AM

Contents Contents

Preface vi
David Branagan

Acknowledgments ix

Introduction 1
1 Scotland 3
2 Australia and the early expeditions, 1877–1879 19
3 Cape York, 1879–1880 34
4 Mainly family matters, 1880–1881 51
5 Discovering artesian water, 1881–1882 63
6 Working from Townsville, 1882–1887 75
7 Working from Townsville, 1888–1892 95
8 Working from Brisbane, 1892–1898 121
9 Commissioner, the Greater Britain Exhibition, 1899 151
10 Korea and China, 1899–1900 167
11 Escape to Burma 188
12 Consultant Geologist in London, 1901–1903 202
13 Return to Australia, 1904–1913 221
14 Closing years, 1913–1921 243

Bibliography 267

CD Contents 269

Index 270

loganjacklayout3.indd 5 7/5/08 8:53:14 AM

Preface Preface

Robert Logan Jack (1845–1921) has a firm place in the history of

geological endeavour in Australia, and particularly in Queensland. He
came to Queensland in 1877, well equipped for the task of mapping the
rocks of an enormous territory, the Colony of Queensland, thanks to his
training in the Geological Survey of Scotland, under Sir Archibald Geikie
and in association with colleagues such as Benjamin Peach and John
Horne. His ability to cope with the conditions of work in a very different
climate, both physical and political, was a mark of his Scottish heritage
and upbringing, and effectively laid the foundations for the development
of geology in the Colony, although he always paid tribute to the earlier
pioneers, such as Samuel Stutchbury, the Rev. W.B. Clarke, Richard
Daintree and Christopher D’Oyly Aplin.
While coping with the mental demands of his scientific work, and
in many cases the extreme physical demands of a harsh and relatively
unexplored country, Robert had the additional burden of dealing with his
constantly changing political and bureaucratic masters in a young colony
hungry for development, particularly in natural resources. Robert’s
integrity and good humour, coupled with his obvious skills, made him
widely known and respected.
An excellent ‘supplement’ to this present work is the volume of
geological maps made by Robert during his long tenure as Government
Geologist of Queensland, republished in full colour by Ross Thomas.
These will be of particular interest to the technically minded readers
wanting to follow up the many ‘mineral/geological trails’ that Felicity
Jack opens up in her story.

vi Putting Queensland on the MaP

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 Robert’s rather sudden resignation from his position as Government
Geologist of Queensland, after some 25 years of generous service to a
mean-spirited officialdom, marked a considerable change in direction,
when he entered the commercial world as a consultant. It was even more
dramatic in that he was rapidly thrust into a very different world, China,
on the brink of another revolution. From this work he learned that there
were even more unreliable people than politicians and that the sort of
trust he had long believed in, and practised, was not always in evidence
in the wider world. Nevertheless, Robert’s penchant for careful note-
taking enabled him to benefit from his difficulties. His book, The Back
Blocks of China, records his journey from Shanghai to the Szechuan
capital of Chengtu. Robert describes the journey he and his party made
up the Yangtse until the river became unnavigable, and he continued the
last part of the journey overland. At Chengtu he prospected for minerals
through some precipitous heights in which most of the party became
ill and one of the Chinese military escort died. The increasing unrest
fermented by the Boxer Rebellion necessitated his escape into Burma
(now Myanmar), mainly undertaken on foot through mountainous,
unmapped and largely unexplored country.
Robert’s return to Australia as a consultant saw him again place
his wide expertise at the service of his adopted country, acting on
government commissions dealing with mining, water and other resources
important to the Australian community.
Robert’s final work, published posthumously in 1922, Northmost
Australia, is a fascinating history of exploration of the Cape York
Peninsula, exploration to which Robert had contributed to a considerable
degree. The book shows the breadth of Robert’s scholarship, while his
maps in that work indicate the quality of his own mapping, in what is
still, in many regards, ‘tiger country’. It is interesting that among the
names he gave to previously unknown physical features are included
those of his early Scottish colleagues and the few workers who preceded
him in Queensland.
The best of Robert’s writing is a joy to read and an impeccable
example to budding geologist and journalist alike. The description of
Robert’s return from Cloncurry during 1907–08, the period when the
railway was under construction, is particularly evocative of the country,
the weather and the dry humour that Robert shared with many of his
adopted countrymen.
I was privileged in the 1990s to be one of a small party of geologists,
relatives and family friends to partake in a ceremony at the restoration
of Robert’s grave in Waverley Cemetery, initiated by Felicity Jack.
It is a grave that had been designed by Robert himself in his usual

preface vii

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 meticulous manner. This grave is a worthy memorial to a fine scholar
who contributed greatly to the knowledge of the mineral resources of
Australia.
Felicity Jack’s memoir of her great-grandfather, while broadening
his geological work, contributes much more, giving us knowledge of his
family activities and his delight in social contacts. The records he kept
A
have been used to tell this fascinating story, teaching us something about
the development of Townsville and Brisbane in his time, while Felicity
introduces many important personalities of the period and region. It is a
record that deserved to be written and to be read. It is the life of a pioneer
whose work contributed to the growth of the Australian mineral industry.
Without Robert and other geologists like him, Australia would not be
enjoying the economic environment we have today.
The title is particularly apt. Robert Logan Jack certainly put
Queensland on the map(s), maps that have persisted to the present.

David Branagan

viii Putting Queensland on the MaP

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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments

Thank you to everyone who has helped to make this book evolve from
an idea to an actuality. Special acknowledgment is due to those who
commented on and encouraged me in researching and writing the text
and provided me with pictures: John Blackburn, Peter Bridge, Jessica
Cave, Frances Coffey, Dorothy Gibson-Wilde, Janet Graham, Tim
McManus, Peter Bridge, Geoffrey and Sandra Hodgson, Colin Hooper,
Jack Hutchings, Dorothy Jack, Ian Jack (University of Sydney), Bernie
Joyce, John and Ruth Kerr, Brian Knyn, Andrew McMillan, Susan
Parfrey, Becky Reynolds, Geoff Steel, and Ross Thomas. In particular, I
would like to thank David Branagan for his support, encouragement, and
detailed knowledge, and for writing the introduction to my book.
Thanks for the invaluable technical help with maps, photos
and scanning received from: Elbrah Chawshin, Clea Creagan, Jack
Hutchings, Bob Jack, Logan Jack and Katy Kennedy.
Thank you, John Cavil Jones, for stimulating my interest in my
great-grandfather, and Alice Hutchings, Mary Kehoe, and Katharine
Marsden for your practical support.
And thank you to all the staff at UNSW Press: Elspeth Menzies,
Heather Cam, freelance editor Edward Caruso, Sally Denmead and
Josephine Pajor-Markus.

acknowledgMents ix

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To view this image, please refer
to the print version of this book
Introduction Introduction

What first attracted me to my great-grandfather was his ability to

communicate. Much of his writing is old-fashioned and wordy, but
there are times when Robert writes with a genuineness and clarity that is
refreshing for its honesty and depth of feeling.
This biography is primarily about his life and times and his
contribution to the development of Queensland. As I am not a geologist I
have only been able to touch on his contribution to the geological debates
that were so important in advancing knowledge and understanding
Queensland’s geological past. It is unquestionable that Robert Logan
Jack contributed greatly to the economic development of the Colony.
He postulated the existence of the great artesian basin, and took a
leading role in its subsequent development. He travelled the length and
breadth of Queensland to prospect in remote areas and to examine and
report on mineral deposits and mines. His enthusiasm for educating
the general public, as well as those directly employed in developing the
Colony’s mineral resources, encouraged an interest in mining affairs
that was beneficial to the whole community. In later life he used his
extensive knowledge to write an important work that traced the history of
exploration in Queensland.
The title of this biography is both literally and figuratively true.
Robert undoubtedly played a major role in putting Queensland on the
map. The accompanying CD holds a full transcript, with some brief
explanations about people and events mentioned, of the family letters
sent between Queensland and Scotland from 1877 to 1915. References in
the family letters quoted in this book can easily be found on the CD using
the search facility. Additional maps, of China, Scotland and Queensland,
as well as photographs for which there was no space in this volume, and

intRoduction 1

loganjacklayout3.indd 1 7/5/08 8:53:19 AM

 a full transcript of Robert’s journey on the newly built Cloncurry railway
in 1907–08 are also included. There is also a list of Robert’s geological
notebooks held by the John Oxley Library.
Robert used non-metric measurements, including area, distance,
volume and currency. I have retained these without giving metric
equivalents. Today conversion of measurement and volume is easily
performed, and the conversion of pounds shillings and pence has always
seemed to me quite arbitrary because exchange rates and the relative costs
of goods and services are constantly changing. The following is a guide:
S
Area One acre = 0.405 hectares
640 acres = one square mile = 259 hectares
Volume One gallon = 4.5536 litres
Weight 16 ounces (oz) = one pound (lb) = 454 grams
112 pounds = one hundredweight (cwt) = one ton =
1.016 tonnes
Currency Twenty shillings (20/–) made one pound (£1)
Twelve pence (12d) made one shilling (1/–)
One penny was made up of two halfpennies or
four farthings.
One guinea was £1.1/–
When Australia converted to decimal currency $2 = £1
Distance One mile = 1.6 kilometres
One yard = 0.914 metres
One foot = 30.5 centimetres
7.92 inches = 22.55 metres
One chain = 66 feet
One furlong = one-eighth of a mile, 660 feet or
201.168 metres

2 Putting Queensland on the MaP

loganjacklayout3.indd 2 7/5/08 8:53:19 AM

Scotland 1 Scotland

Robert Logan Jack was born in September 1845 in a cottage in the

Glasgow Vennel, the main thoroughfare from Irvine, a town on the
southwest coast of Scotland, about 20 miles from Glasgow. There is some
confusion about the date of Robert’s birth, with one birth certificate
giving the date as 16 September and a second among his possessions,
issued in Scotland in 1908, giving his birth date as 23 September. It was
certainly celebrated by the family on the former date.
As there is a profusion of Roberts in this story the main character is
referred to as Robert or Robert Logan, his father as Robert Jack, and his
son as Robert Lockhart, or, occasionally, in his younger days, Bobbie.
William Jack, born in Kilwinning in 1680, married Margaret Barkly
around 1723. They had four sons, one of whom, John Jack, born in 1724,
was a shoemaker. John Jack enlisted in the militia for a while but returned
to his trade in Bridgend, Kilwinning, where he had six children. This was
Robert’s great-grandfather. His grandfather, also William Jack, was born
in 1764 at Kilwinning, and he too was a shoemaker. He married Elizabeth
Templeton in 1801 and they had seven children. Robert Jack, born
2 January 1812 at Kilwinning, was a twin and joint youngest. His mother
died on 16 January 1812, two weeks after the birth of her twins. His twin,
Elizabeth, was named after her mother.
Robert Logan described his family in a letter to a friend as ‘very
ordinary middle class people, my father was the first to attain any kind
of distinction’. Robert Jack was a joiner. The census of 1851 recorded
that he employed six men in his joinery and cabinet-making business.
In 1842 he was ordained an elder of the parish church in Irvine, and
when he died in 1900 he was the second-most senior elder of the Church
of Scotland, being referred to as the ‘Father of the Kirk Session’. He

scotland 3

loganjacklayout3.indd 3 7/5/08 8:53:19 AM

 was a bailee (magistrate) of Irvine. Family letters show that he held
high moral principles and was forthright in expressing his views. He
was also president of Irvine’s Burns Club in 1868. In 1871 he was
made an honorary member, an honour shared by many world-famous
men including the well-known British poets Robert Browning (in the
preceding year) and A.C. Swinburne in the subsequent one. Clearly he
had earned the respect of his fellow townsfolk.
Robert’s mother, Margaret Logan, was born at ‘Brae’, Dunlop, on
19 September 1800, the fourth of eight children to Thomas Logan
(described in the family tree as a farmer, wright and miller) and Margaret
Gilmour. Robert Jack married Margaret Logan on 1 January 1833.
The Jack family probably lived in Stewarton for the early years of
their marriage, and moved to Glasgow Vennel, Irvine, around 1837. The
famous Scottish poet Robbie Burns had lived in the same street for six
months in 1782 when he was learning the flax trade. Glasgow Vennel was
so called because it was the direct route to Glasgow.
Robert’s father subsequently lived in three different addresses on
Irvine High Street: numbers 68, 99 (in 1884, eighteen months after the To view this image, please refer
death of his wife) and 179, where he died in 1900. to the print version of this book
Robert Logan was the youngest of three surviving children. His
brother William was born in 1834 at Stewarton. After completing a
degree in mathematics at the University of Glasgow, William moved to
Cambridge where he was a Senior Wrangler (placed in the first class of
the mathematical tripos) and where he became a Fellow of Peterhouse
College, Cambridge. He had a varied career – Inspector of Schools
with the Scottish Board of Education, Professor of Natural Philosophy
at Owens College, Manchester (which was later incorporated into the
University of Manchester), editor of the Glasgow Herald 1870–76,
publisher with Macmillan 1876–79, and Professor of Mathematics at
the University of Glasgow 1879–1909. A Jack prize for mathematics
was instituted through public subscription on his retirement. Both men
shared a strong belief in the power of education. According to one of
William’s obituarists, when William was editing the Glasgow Herald
he ‘kept before him as his declared aim the making of the newspaper a
People’s University’. According to family tradition, William was more
interested in providing education to his readers than he was in developing
the profitability of the newspaper, which perhaps accounts for his change
of career.
Their sister Maggie was born in 1843 and seems to have been well
educated, though she probably received no formal schooling beyond
elementary level. She travelled throughout England and Scotland, and
possibly through France and Germany, but never moved out of the family
home that she inherited in 1900. She died, having never married, in 1910.

 Putting Queensland on the Map

loganjacklayout3.indd 4 7/5/08 8:53:22 AM

 To view this image, please refer
to the print version of this book

Robert had another brother, Thomas, born in Irvine in 1842. He

died in November 1846 when Robert was thirteen months old. His death
occurred on Maggie’s eighth birthday.
Family letters are the main source of information about Robert’s
family life, but they contain no childhood reminiscences. The only
known early recollections come from an article he wrote for the Scottish
Australasian in 1914, ‘Ayrshire Women 60 years ago’. Here Robert
acknowledged the important influence of the women of Irvine on his
development: ‘They were kindly and tolerant, though they could be stern

SCOTLAND 

loganjacklayout3.indd 5 7/5/08 8:53:23 AM

 on occasion, and they had a never-failing sense of humour – of a sardonic
variety – which even the hardships of their lives could not quench’.
The women excelled in consoling suffering children, but their words of
comfort were always accompanied by irony: after a trifling mishap a child
would be gathered by muscular arms to an ample bosom with a ‘Puir
lamb! It’s real sair – and ye be would be waur if anything ailed ye!’ [Poor
lamb! It’s really sore – and you would be worse if there was anything the
matter with you!] The fact that the injuries to a child’s self-respect went
unacknowledged prevented, he believed, children of the family taking
themselves too seriously.
Irvine was historically a centre for handloom weaving, but in
Robert’s childhood years it had suffered seriously from the decline of the
flax industry, leaving the town somewhat impoverished. But the industry
had left its mark on the dialect of the town. It had been the job of the
women to fill the bobbins or pirns. A woman who had stopped to gossip
when collecting water from either the Tansy or the Chapel well ‘would To view this image, please refer
pick up her stoups with a sigh and take her leave, saying: “I maun awa’ to to the print version of this book
my pirns”…’ [I must go back to work].
Robert was intrigued by language and dialect, and the article from
the Scottish Australasian (quoted above) gives a long exposition of the
subtleties of invective available for use in his hometown:

‘Hizzie’ and ‘Jaud’ were general terms of disapproval which did

not commit the speaker to details. A ‘glaikit hizzie’ was one from
whom injudicious conduct was to be expected. The epithet ‘taupie’
implied mere silliness. A ‘tumfy’ [tomboy?] was a silly girl sure to
get into mischief…The scale included a ‘runt’, or kail stalk, worth
nothing, and a ‘hullockit’ runt, not only worthless but vicious, and
descended to depths of vituperation which, happily for the gentle
reader, I have forgotten.

The other industries of the town at the time were seafaring, herring
fishing and coal hewing. Robert had most to do with the colliers; he
thought that their distinguishing characteristic was a love of brilliant
colours. He remembered going to a draper’s shop where a young girl
was selecting a cravat for her friend: ‘it was to be of modest colouring
– “Neathing dashing; just plain red, green and yellow”.’
Robert attended Irvine Academy from 1853 to 1860, the same school
that William had attended. The school evidently provided a thorough,
well-rounded education, because Robert was fluent in both French and
German, had a good knowledge of Latin, and he had a love of literature,
particularly Shakespeare.
The next five years of Robert’s life are unaccounted for. There are
two reasons which suggest that he spent these years clerking in a legal

 Putting Queensland on the Map

loganjacklayout3.indd 6 7/5/08 8:53:24 AM

 office. The 1861 Irvine census records his profession as ‘writer’ (or clerk),
and Archibald Geikie, Director of the Geological Survey of Scotland
and a close friend of his brother William, recalled, in a speech given at a
dinner in 1899, his first memory of Robert as a clerk in a lawyer’s office.
Robert was also interested in his family history, and it was around
this time that he began to delve into the historical records of the area such
as parish documents and gravestones, looking for any mention of people
with the name of Jack or Jak. He researched the early sixteenth century
and constructed a family tree, the earliest Jack to whom he could make a
direct connection being the William Jack, his great-grandfather, already
mentioned. He updated the family tree in 1910.
A tiny notebook with ‘Poems 1862’ inscribed on the outside in
To view this image, please refer Robert’s writing has Longfellow’s poem ‘A Psalm to Life’ filling the first
to the print version of this book page. It is an optimistic, inspirational poem but also a ‘memento mori’
– a reminder that life is short. One can imagine the 17-year-old Robert
struggling to escape the drudgery of a legal office, filled with hope and
uncertainty for his future.
There is a militaristic aspect to the poem, and Robert, always a true
patriot, was a volunteer in the army reserves at some stage of his youth.
When in his seventies he was still able to recite the oath he had taken. He
maintained an interest in military matters throughout his life.
In 1865, aged 20, Robert enrolled at the University of Edinburgh
to study law. Whether or not this was the first time he left home is not
known, but one suspects that he may have been writing of his own mother
when, in the Scottish Australasian article already quoted, he mentioned
that Ayrshire matrons were pervaded with ‘A blend of deeply religious
feeling with advanced hygienic ideas’, giving as an example the farewell
of a mother to her son ‘setting out for Edinburgh to push his fortunes:
…“Read your Bible, and wear flannel next your skin!”’ That Robert was
very familiar with the Bible is evident from his frequent use of biblical
quotations, although he did confess in a letter to his father that, as a child,
he was often so intrigued by the construction of the spire of their church
that he did not concentrate on the church sermons.
Robert re-enrolled in law in 1866–67 but dropped out during
his second year to take up geology, a move that seems to have been
encouraged by William’s close friend Archibald Geikie. It is evident
in the letter excerpt reproduced below from Geikie to William that
Robert had a natural flair for the subject, which would have appealed
to his practical bent as well as his inquiring mind and acute powers of
observation.

I cannot but write to you to give vent to the pent-up feelings of my

buzzum and to congratulate you most warmly on your brother’s

SCOTLAND 

loganjacklayout3.indd 7 7/5/08 8:53:25 AM

 success. He is by far the best of the whole batch of candidates from
Scotland. Today I have been examining them in Geology, and
though all their answers are fair and quite passable, your brother’s
are really first-rate. There is so much clearness and exactitude
about them, they are so well arranged and so full that they might
be printed as they stand, as models on how such questions should
be answered…
To tell you the truth I am astonished at this result. He told
me when he called here in February that he had nothing beyond a
very general acquaintance with Geology and now he shews a much
clearer conception of the subject than some men who have gone
through the Geological classes at Glasgow. I can’t say how this has
rejoiced my heart. I look on Robert as one of the most promising
fellows I have met with, so hard-working & so modest withal…He
brought up a specimen of map-drawing – just a gem in its way,
which I have shewn to all the other men as a model of what is
wanted in the Civil Service Examination.

This letter was found inside one of Robert’s geological notebooks for
1900 – most likely William gave it to him when they met that year in
Scotland.
Six of the candidates who had been successful in the Civil Service
examinations, and who had been appointed as assistant geologists,
requested that they be allowed further examinations in certain extra
subjects, with a view to obtaining honorary certificates. Mr Wabrond,
who was in charge of recruitment to the British Geological Survey, wrote
to its Director, Sir Roderick Murchison, explaining that in the past such
requests had generally been agreed to, but because some of the applicants
lived in Ireland and Scotland, and because there was such a diversity
of subjects requested, it would be time-consuming and expensive.
Murchison replied that such an exam was not required, adding, ‘At the
same time, as Director general of the Survey, I am very glad to learn that
among the candidates for temporary employment so many are qualified
to look for higher appointments if called upon’. Robert asked to be
examined in French translation, and John Horne, who became a close
friend, in the first six books of Euclid, logic and English literature.
Robert joined the Geological Survey of Scotland in 1867. The
survey had originally been conducted from London under Sir Roderick
Murchison, but in this year it moved to its own headquarters in
Edinburgh under the directorship of Archibald Geikie. Robert’s work
involved mapping the lead and gold districts of Leadhills; portions of the
coalfields in Renfrew, Ayr, Lanark, Stirling and Dumbarton; the Igneous
Ranges of Campsie, Kilpatrick and Renfrewshire; and a large area of
Palaeozoic rocks on the southern flanks of the Grampians.

 Putting Queensland on the Map

loganjacklayout3.indd 8 7/5/08 8:53:25 AM

 To view this image, please refer
to the print version of this book

Robert described how the Scottish Geological Survey undertook

its work in an article, ‘Geological Surveys in Australia’, published in
the Australian Mining Journal in 1905. Geologists and assistants were
assigned an area of about 100 square miles to survey each year. They were
given an accurate and detailed map prepared by the Ordnance Survey
that had been prepared by ‘a little army of “sappers and miners”’ who
had already detailed every landmark including houses, fences, rivers,
cliffs ‘and almost every tree’. This meant that the team of geologists did
not have to take any measurements and could immediately identify their
location on the map. The map could be overlaid on the ordnance map
to show the relation between the geological structure and the physical
configuration of the land.
Robert was keen to broaden his knowledge and made use of his
holidays to travel widely in Europe and the United Kingdom (UK). His
travels included visits to France, Hungary, Switzerland and Romania,
and he would have had plenty of opportunity to practise speaking
French and German. The only record of a holiday is a small notebook
that recorded a journey to Switzerland with his friend Hugh Lockhart
between 3 and 23 August 1871. Travelling by train from Scotland to
London, where the pair spent the night, they continued next day by train
and steamer to Paris. They became quite friendly with two young women
who shared a carriage with them; one of the women had a birdcage that

SCOTLAND 

loganjacklayout3.indd 9 7/5/08 8:53:27 AM

 held a linnet, two parakeets and a canary. She handed Robert what he
thought was a ‘sweety’, and he, ‘rather surprised at the rather Scotch
proceeding’, was about to put it in his mouth when he realised that it was
a warm canary egg!
In Paris, he met a sad French waiter from Alsace who was grieving
for the loss of his country to the Germans. He described some of the
devastation resulting from the Communard Insurrection that had taken
place between 18 March and 29 May in the streets of Paris in which
3000 to 4000 communards had been killed. He saw burnt-out buildings,
bullet marks in the walls of the cafés he frequented, and many buildings To view this image, please refer
destroyed or badly damaged. In the Jardins des Tuileries, where the to the print version of this book
majority of trees had bullet marks, he found one that had the remains of
blood and white human hair sticking to it. The travelogue suddenly ends
and there are only some financial accounts to tell us that he travelled,
among other places, to Versailles, Freyburg, Interlaken and Lucerne. He
bought several books, including one of folk songs and Alpine flowers, a
geological map and several brooches. We can speculate that one would
have been chosen with particular care as a gift for his landlord’s daughter
and his future wife.
Robert published some anonymous reviews and articles ‘to further
the study of geology and to advocate its claims to recognition’. He was
involved in the authorship of several paragraphs in the memoir that
accompanied the Geological Survey’s one-inch map (1870) that appeared
in 1872. Other contributors were Archibald and his brother James
Geikie, and Robert Etheridge junior. On 15 January 1874 Robert read
a paper before the Geological Society of Glasgow called Notes on a till
or boulder clay with broken shells, in the lower valley of the River Endrick
and the relation to certain other Glacial Deposits, which was printed in
the Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow. A paper he wrote,
in collaboration with John Horne, on the glacial drift in the northeastern
Carpathians, was published in 1877 in the Geological Society of London’s
quarterly journal.
Robert also gave a lecture on the Endrick that depended on diagrams.
He wrote to Peach, with whom he had a close friendship, that it had:

…passed off well. At least as well as I had any reason to expect.

The one drawback was that the lamps & candles gave such a feeble
light that the diagrams could only be half-seen. When I had to
refer to any of them a man had to stand before it with a candle in
each hand, like one doing penance for his sins.

James Geikie (1839–1914) was the younger brother of Archibald

Geikie. He joined the Geological Survey of Scotland and was noted for
his contribution to mapping the geology of the country. He wrote the

10 Putting Queensland on the Map

loganjacklayout3.indd 10 7/5/08 8:53:27 AM

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