Quiz Questions from Past Years

Quiz questions from past two years are compiled in this file. For your convenience, the
topic is mentioned for each question. But note that this classification will not be given in
the actual quiz.

A. Quiz-1, AY1920 (Time Allowed: 2 hours)

Question 1 (Topic: Physical Quantities – Language and Measurement)

The following empirical equation allows calculation of the density for a certain liquid,

𝜌𝑙 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎2 𝑇)𝑒 𝑎3 𝑃

where,
𝜌𝑙 Density of liquid in g/cm3
𝑇 Temperature in C
𝑃 Pressure in atm
𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 Constants

What will be the units of 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , and 𝑎3 respectively?

(a) g/cm3; g/cm3; g/cm3

(b) C; g/cm3; atm
(c) g/cm3; g/(cm3 C); 1/atm
(d) g/cm3; g C cm3; 1/atm

Question 2 (Topic: Systems and Conservation Laws)

A liquid mixture of 50 mol% ethanol and 50 mol% water enters a flash drum at a flow
rate of 𝐹 = 200 kmol/h. Flash distillation occurs in the flash drum and the feed sepa-
rates into 2 phases, a vapour phase and a liquid phase. Given that the vapour phase and
the liquid phase contain 66 mol% and 16 mol% ethanol respectively, determine the exit
flow rate of the vapour phase and liquid phase under steady state operation.
𝑥𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙 and 𝑥𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 represent the mole fractions of ethanol and water in the stream of
interest respectively. For instance, 𝑥𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙 = 0.5 means that 50% of the total number
of moles of all components flowing in that stream is ethanol.
2 Quizzes

= ? kmol/h

= 0.66

= 200 kmol/h = ? kmol/h

= = 0.5 = 0.16

𝐹𝑣𝑎𝑝 (kmol/h) 𝐹𝑙𝑖𝑞 (kmol/h)

(a) 136 64
(b) 36 136
(c) 132 68
(d) 68 132

Question 3 (Topic: Systems and Conservation Laws)

You are tasked to remove an unwanted solvent (S2) from 200 moles of an equimolar (50
mol% : 50 mol%) mixture of two solvents (S1 and S2) in a container. Hot air is bubbled
through this container at a rate of 0.1 kmol/min to selectively remove the unwanted
solvent (S2). The hot air leaves the container with 5 mol% solvent (S2) vapor. What will
be the time required to remove 90% of the solvent S2?

(Assume that air is insoluble in the solvent mixture and that the air always leaves the
container with 5 mol% solvent S2)

(a) 85.71 min

(b) 17.1 min
(c) 34.2 min
(d) 857.1 min

Question 4 (Topic: Systems and Conservation Laws)

The human digestive system is a remarkable feat of engineering in nature, and is a so-
phisticated chemical/material processing unit. In this unit, ingested food is broken
down and chemically processed (‘digested’) by enzymatic chemistry in the acidic envi-
ronment of the stomach and the intestines. Furthermore, the products of digestion (and
water) are then absorbed into the blood stream by a process of mass transfer across the
intestine walls.
Quizzes 3

Placing this into the context of CN1101, which of the following statements can be cor-
rectly made about the human digestive system?

(i) It is an open system, with molecular/material flows going in and out of it.
(ii) It is composed of several connected sub-systems in series, including the mouth,
food pipe, stomach and intestines.
(iii) It interacts and exchanges materials with the circulatory system (which manages
blood flow in the body).
(iv) It accumulates molecules periodically.

(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)

(b) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii) only
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(e) All of the above are correct

Question 5 (Topic: Building Models)

Referring to the content of Question 4, which of the following statements can be cor-
rectly made when formulating mathematical models for the operation of the human diges-
tive system?

(i) A model for the digestive system would involve, among other things, mass balances
over all the molecular components present within the system, including the food
ingested and the products of digestion.
(ii) The human digestive system operates at steady state.
(iii) An individual mass balance can be written for all the connected sub-systems, such
as the stomach and intestines, in addition to a balance for the overall system.
(iv) The mass balances for the stomach and intestines will involve intrinsic generation
and consumption processes.
(v) The mass balances for the intestines will involve flows of certain molecules across
the walls.
(vi) The concentration of the various molecular components does not vary with posi-
tion/location within the digestive system.

(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (v)

(b) (i), (iii), (iv), (vi)
(c) (i), (iii), (iv), (v)
(d) (i), (ii), (iv), (vi)
(e) All of the above are correct
4 Quizzes

Question 6 (Topic: Systems and Conservation Laws)

Referring to the contents of Questions 4 and 5, which of the following statements can
be correctly made when the digestive and circulatory systems are considered together?

(i) Taken together, the digestive and circulatory systems now constitute a closed sys-
tem.
(ii) Taken together, the digestive and circulatory systems still constitute an open sys-
tem.
(iii) If mass balances were now to be considered over this combined system, then the
number of components over which such mass balances would have to be formulat-
ed will likely increase compared to that for the digestive system alone.
(iv) If mass balances were now to be considered over this combined system, then the
number of components over which such mass balances would have to be formulat-
ed will likely be the same as that for the digestive system alone.

(a) (i) and (iii)

(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (iv)

Question 7 (Topic: Systems and Conservation Laws)

In a distillation section at a petrochemical complex, a liquid hydrocarbon containing 20

mol% ethane, 40 mol% propane and 40 mol% butane is to be fractionated into essen-
tially pure components as shown in Figure Q7. For a feed F of 100 kmol per day, find
the production rate of the propane-rich stream P.

Figure Q7: Distillation columns for separating a mixture of ethane, propane and bu-
tane.

(a) 36.0 kmol/day

(b) 38.3 kmol/day
(c) 40.5 kmol/day
(d) 41.7 kmol/day
Quizzes 5

Question 8 (Topic: Building Models)

Which of the following has the highest flow rate at the outlet? Note that the pressure
difference between the inlet and outlet of each setup is the same.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Question 9 (Topic: Building Models)

A first year Chemical Engineering student, after doing the CN1101 flow experiment,
designed a watering system for two small plants located at two ends of his room. The
schematic is as shown in Figure Q9 below. The student fills up a cylindrical supply tank
completely every morning at 7 am, and the tank capacity is such that the water level
drops to exactly 5% of the original level by 7 am the following day. As we know, the
water supply rate will decrease as the level in the supply tank goes down. The student
wanted to re-use a rubber tube available at his home and located the two plants equidis-
tant from the supply tank (dimensions are given in Figure Q9 below). This ensured both
plants receive the same water flow at any time. Note: Equation (4.8) in the textbook can
be used to estimate flow rates in this system; density of water = 1000 kg/m3; viscosity of
water = 0.001 kg/(ms). With the information given above, calculate the diameter of the
rubber tube required (choose the answer nearest to your calculated value).

(a) 2.5 mm
(b) 2.11 mm
(c) 1.4 mm
(d) 1.16 mm

Figure Q9: Plant watering system designed by a first year Chemical Engineering stu-
dent.
6 Quizzes

Question 10 (Topic: Moving Molecules-I)

A group of CN1101 students are taking a quiz in a large lecture theatre. In the midst of
intense concentration and calculations, a lecturer in the room releases a freshener into
the air. Due to strong mixing effects, the freshener spreads very quickly throughout the
lecture theatre to form a uniform mixture with concentration 𝐶𝑜 (mol/m3). Air not con-
taining freshener enters the room continuously at a volumetric flow rate of 𝑄 (m3/s)
from the air-conditioning system while air containing freshener leaves the room contin-
uously at the same volumetric flow rate. The volume of the lecture theatre may be taken
to be 𝑉 (m3). The concentration of freshener, 𝐶(𝑡), changes with time but may be as-
sumed to be uniform throughout the lecture theatre at any one instant of time. Formu-
late an unsteady state material balance equation that governs the behavior of this system.

𝑑𝐶
(a) 𝑄 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑉𝐶𝑜 − 𝑉𝐶
𝑑𝐶
(b) 𝑄 𝑑𝑡 = −𝑉𝐶
𝑑𝐶
(c) 𝑉 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑄𝐶𝑜 − 𝑄𝐶
𝑑𝐶
(d) 𝑉 𝑑𝑡 = −𝑄𝐶

Question 11 (Topic: Moving Molecules-I)

Recall the two-compartment setup used for visualizing the diffusion of KMnO4. Which
of the following changes in experimental conditions and corresponding changes in rate
of diffusion observed is correct?

Change in setup Rate of diffusion

(i) Use a thicker membrane Increase
(ii) Decrease stirring speed Decrease
(iii) Increase the initial concentration of KMnO4 Increase
in cell 2
(iv) Decrease the initial concentration of KMnO4 Increase
in cell 2

(a) Statement (ii) only

(b) Statements (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) Statements (i), (ii) and (iv)
(d) Statements (ii) and (iv)
Quizzes 7

Question 12 (Topic: Moving Molecules-I)

The two-compartment setup shown in Figure Q12 was used to investigate the diffusion
behavior of a solute through a polymeric membrane. At the start of the experiment, the
concentration of solute in the left compartment was 1 mol/dm3 while that in the right
compartment was zero. The rate of diffusion observed at t = 0 was 2.5 × 10 -5 mol/s.
After some time, it was observed that the concentration of solute in the left compart-
ment had dropped to 0.8 mol/dm3. You may assume that the volume of both cells are
equal. Determine the rate of diffusion at this instant of time.

C(t) Membrane

Figure Q12: Two-compartment setup for diffusion of a solute through a membrane.

(a) 1.5 × 10-5 mol s-1

(b) 2.0 × 10-5 mol s-1
(c) 3.1 × 10-5 mol s-1
(d) 4.2 × 10-5 mol s-1

Question 13 (Topic: Moving Molecules-I)

Let us consider a system consisting of three compartments (C1, C2, C3), as shown in
Figure Q13. C1 and C2 are separated by a membrane. C2 and C3 are connected by a
small-diameter tube. Initial conditions (that is at time t = 0) in the three compartments
are as follows:

(i) C1 contains 100 cm3 of a potassium permanganate solution where concentration of

potassium permanganate is 24 mol/cm3.
(ii) C2 contains 50 cm3 of fresh (potassium permanganate free) water.
(iii) C3 contains 80 cm3 of fresh ((potassium permanganate free) water.
(iv) Equal liquid height in all three compartments.

M
e
m
b
r
a
C3 C2 n C1
e

Figure Q13: A three-compartment system.

8 Quizzes

What is the amount of potassium permanganate in C3 when the three-compartment

system has reached potassium permanganate concentration equilibrium?

(a) 8 moles
(b) 10.4 moles
(c) 800 moles
(d) 834.8 moles
(e) 521.7 moles

Question 14 (Topic: Moving Molecules-I)

Let us use 𝑉1 , 𝑉2 and 𝑉3to represent volumes of the three compartments, C1, C2 and C3
respectively in Figure Q13. Liquid height is equal in all three compartments. The three
compartments are kept well mixed using magnetic stirrers like in your Studio experi-
ments. The changing concentrations of potassium permanganate in these compartments
until equilibrium is reached are denoted by 𝐶1 , 𝐶2 and 𝐶3 respectively. Initial concentra-
tion of potassium permanganate in C1 is 𝐶𝑜 . You may assume that 𝐶2 = 𝐶3 at all times.
Let us consider a short early period when 𝐶1 ≈ 𝐶 . 𝐴𝑀 and 𝑅𝑀 represent membrane
area and membrane resistance respectively. Which one of the following equations
should be solved to calculate 𝐶2 as a function of time for the short early period when
𝐶1 ≈ 𝐶𝑜 ?

𝑑𝐶2 (𝐶𝑜 −𝐶2 )𝐴𝑀

(a) (𝑉2 + 𝑉3 ) =
𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝑀

(b) 𝑉1 𝐶𝑜 = 𝑉1 𝐶1 + (𝑉2 + 𝑉3 )𝐶2

𝑑𝐶2 (𝐶𝑜 −𝐶2 )𝐴𝑀 (𝐶2 −𝐶3 )𝐴𝑀
(c) 𝑉2 = −
𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝑀 𝑅𝑀
𝑑𝐶2 (𝐶𝑜 −𝐶2 −𝐶3 )𝐴𝑀
(d) 𝑉2 =
𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝑀

(e) None of the above. Option (a) is partly correct. An equation for water flow through
the tube connecting C2 and C3 is missing.

Question 15 (Topic: Moving Molecules-I; Rates-in-series)

Figure Q15 shows a three-compartment setup that was fabricated to study the diffusion
behavior of a solute. The concentrations of the solute in the first and third compart-
ments were maintained constant throughout the experiment at 𝐶1 and 𝐶3 , as shown in
the figure, such that diffusion occurred from the first compartment towards the third
compartment. The thicknesses of the membranes were such that 𝑥2 = 2𝑥1 while the
diffusivities of the solute and cross-sectional areas of both membranes were equal. De-
termine the solute concentration in the second compartment, 𝐶2 , at steady state.
Quizzes 9

Figure Q15. Three-compartment setup for diffusion of a solute.

𝐶1 +2𝐶3
(a) 3
2𝐶1 +𝐶3
(b) 3
𝐶3 −𝐶1
(c) ∆𝑥
2 −∆𝑥1

𝐶 +𝐶
(d) ∆𝑥1+∆𝑥3
1 2

Question 16 (Topic: Moving Molecules-II)

Although we used interconnected water tanks to study the approach to steady state in a
system with multiple resistances in series, it has been extensively discussed that the con-
cept is equally applicable in mass and heat transfer processes. Figure Q16 shows the
schematic of an experimental setup developed in one of the Department’s membrane
research laboratories to measure diffusivity of some target chemicals through newly de-
veloped membranes by the research students in that laboratory. It has three compart-
ments, C1, C2, and C3, separated by two membranes. The aqueous solution of the
chemical for which the membrane is tested is placed in C1 and its concentration is
maintained constant using a controller (not shown in the figure). C2 and C3 initially
contain fresh water filled to the same height as the liquid in C1. A constant flow of fresh
water, 𝑄, in and out of C3 is maintained for the entire duration of the experiment. The
three compartments are well mixed, and at steady state, concentrations of the chemicals
in C1, C2 and C3 are 0.01 mol/m3, 0.006 mol/m3 and 0.004 mol/m3 respectively. The
two membranes have the same area. The membrane between C1 and C2 is a standard
membrane of thickness 1 × 10-6 m and the diffusivity of the chemical is 5 × 10-10 m2/s.
The membrane being tested is placed between C2 and C3. Its thickness is 1.5 × 10 -6 m.
What is the diffusivity of the chemical through this membrane? Are the concentrations
in the three compartments at steady state dependent on the liquid volumes in the three
compartments?

(a) 1.67 × 10-10 m2/s; no

(b) 1.5 × 10-9 m2/s; no
(c) 1.67 × 10-9 m2/s; no
(d) 1.67 × 10-10 m2/s; yes
(e) 1.5 × 10-9 m2/s; yes
10 Quizzes

M M
e e
m m
b b
r r
a a
C3 n C2 n C1
e e

𝑄
Figure Q16: A three-compartment system.

Question 17 (Topic: Moving Molecules-II)

In the previous question, if the area of each membrane is 0.001 m2, what is the fresh
water flow rate used to reach steady state? If the areas of the two membranes are differ-
ent, will the steady state concentrations be different from the values stated in the previ-
ous question?

(a) 4.49 m3/s; no

(b) 0.5 m3/s; no
(c) 0.449 m3/s; yes
(d) 4.49 m3/s; yes
(e) 0.5 m3/s; yes
Quizzes 11

Question 18 (Topic: Moving Molecules-II)

Which of the following setups will have the highest exit concentration of KMnO4 at
steady state? The length of the tube, represented by the symbol 𝐿, is exposed to 1
mol/L KMnO4 solution held at constant concentration. You can assume that the thick-
ness of the tube wall and the velocity 𝑢 (in m/s) of distilled water flowing through the
tubes are the same for all the setups.
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)(a)
𝐿 = 80 cm
(b)
𝐿
𝑑== 80 cm
1 cm
(b)
𝐿
𝑑== 80 cm
1 cm
(b)(b)
𝐿 = 80
𝑑 cm
1 cm
(b)
𝑑 = 1 cm
𝐿 = 50 cm
(c)
𝐿
𝑑== 50
0.5cm
cm
(c)(c) 𝐿
𝑑== 50
0.5cm
cm
(c)
𝐿 = 50
𝑑 0.5cm
cm
(c)
𝑑 = 0.5 cm
𝐿 = 100 cm
(d)(d) 𝐿
𝑑== 100 cm
0.5 cm
(d)
𝐿 = 100 cm
𝑑 = 0.5 cm
(d)
𝐿 = 100
𝑑 cm
0.5 cm
(d)
Question 19 (Topic: Moving Molecules-II)
𝑑 = 0.5 cm

The two-compartment system shown in Figure Q19 (without the immersed tubular
membrane) was used in the Studio on Moving Molecules I. A tubular membrane is now
immersed in compartment C2. Compartment C1 contains a saturated aqueous solution
of potassium permanganate (concentration 𝐶𝑜 ) and sufficient amount of crystals of po-
tassium permanganate is also added to the solution to maintain the concentration for
the entire duration of the Studio. Compartment C2 is initially filled with fresh water to
the same height as the liquid in the other compartment. The two compartments are well
mixed using magnetic stirrers. Fresh water enters the tubular membrane at a flow rate of
𝑄 (m3/s) and leaves at approximately the same flow rate. The mass transfer process
starts, goes through an unsteady state and finally reaches a steady state. The steady state
concentrations in compartment C2 and at the exit of the tubular membrane are 𝐶2
mol/m3 and 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 mol/m3 respectively.
12 Quizzes

If the experimental setup used in our Studio on Moving Molecules II had used the same
potassium permanganate solution as in compartment C1, membrane length and 𝑄 as in
Figure Q19, then which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

(i) 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 will be the same in both experiments.

(ii) 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 will be lower in the experiment shown in Figure Q19.
(𝐶𝑜 −𝐶2 )
(iii) In the experiment shown in Figure Q19, 𝑄𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 = where 𝑅𝑀 (s/m) is the
𝑅𝑀
resistance of the membrane separating C1 and C2.
(𝐶𝑜 −𝐶2 )𝐴𝑀
(iv) In the experiment shown in Figure Q19, 𝑄𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 = where 𝑅𝑀 (s/m) and
𝑅𝑀
𝐴𝑀 (m2) are respectively the resistance and area of the membrane separating C1 and C2.

(a) Only (ii) is correct

(b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
(c) (ii) and (iv) are correct
(d) (i) and (iii) are correct
(e) (i) and (iv) are correct

M
e
m
b
r
a
C2 n C1
e

Figure Q19: A two-compartment system.

Question 20 (Topic: Moving Molecules-II)

A membrane tube of length 𝐿 and radius 𝑟 is immersed in a salt solution that is main-
tained at saturated concentration 𝐶𝑜 . Fresh water flows into the tube at a flow velocity 𝑢
and salt from the solution diffuses through the tube wall. Due to a malfunction during
the membrane manufacturing process, the thickness of the tube wall, 𝑥, is uniform
throughout the length of the tube but the internal pore structure varies such that diffu-
sivity of the salt, 𝐷, becomes a linear function of position along the tube according to
𝑧
the relation: 𝐷 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 (𝐿), where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants and 𝑧 represents position
along the membrane tube measured from its inlet. Derive an expression for the salt
concentration observed at the outlet of the tube after a steady state has been established.
2 𝑏𝑧
(a) 𝐶𝑜 [1 − 𝑒 −𝑢𝑟∆𝑥(𝑎+ 𝐿 )𝐿 ]
2
(𝑎+𝑏)𝐿
(b) 𝐶𝑜 [1 − 𝑒 −𝑢𝑟∆𝑥 ]
2 𝑏
− (𝑎+ )𝐿
(c) 𝐶𝑜 [1 − 𝑒 𝑢𝑟∆𝑥 2 ]
2
− (𝑎+𝑏)𝐿
(d) 𝐶𝑜 𝑒 𝑢𝑟∆𝑥
Quizzes 13

Answers to Quiz-1 (AY1920) Questions

Q1 (c)
Q2 (a)
Q3 (b)
Q4 (e)
Q5 (c)
Q6 (c)
Q7 (a)
Q8 (b)
Q9 (d)
Q10 (d)
Q11 (d)
Q12 (a)
Q13 (d)
Q14 (a)
Q15 (b)
Q16 (b)
Q17 (e)
Q18 (d)
Q19 (c)
Q20 (c)
14 Quizzes

B. Quiz-2, AY1920 (Time Allowed: 2 hours)

Question 1 (Topic: Heat Transfer-I)

A pot of soup is being kept warm using an electric hot plate. The content of the pot can
be assumed to be 1 L of soup with a specific heat capacity of 4.184 J/(g K). The pot is
constantly stirred to ensure that the temperature of the soup is homogeneous through-
out. However, as a result of stirring, heat is lost to the surroundings at a rate of 𝑞 W.
Given that
 the thermal conductivity of the base of the pot is 94 W/(m K)
 the overall heat transfer resistance to heating the soup is 0.04 (m2 K)/W
 the pot of soup receives heat at 300 W
 the pot’s base has a radius of 5 cm
 the ambient temperature is 30C
 there is negligible vaporization

Determine the rate of heat loss to the surroundings at steady state (i.e. when the soup is
maintained at 60C).

(a) 30 W
(b) 300 J/s
(c) Cannot be determined due to conflicting information
(d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient information

Question 2 (Topic: Heat Transfer-I)

Recall the Studio experiment on batch heat transfer between two cells separated by a
copper plate of negligible resistance. By operating magnetic stirrers on both sides at the
same speed, the experimental results obtained are plotted in Figure Q2 where 𝑇1 is the
changing water side temperature, 𝑇1𝑂 is the water temperature at 𝑡 = 0, and 𝑇2 is the
constant ice side temperature. Other experimental parameters are compiled in Table Q2.
Assume that the film heat transfer resistance is the same on both sides of the copper
plate.

Table Q2: Information given for Question 2.

Area of the copper plate (m2) 0.002

Volume of water (m3)
1.25 × 10−4
Density of water (kg/m3) 1000
Heat capacity of water (J/kg K) 4180
Quizzes 15

ln [(T1- T2)/(T10-T2)]
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1.2
-1.4
0 100 200 300
Time (s)
Figure Q2: Figure for Question 2.

Calculate the heat transfer coefficient of the water side.

(a) 1000 W/m2 K

(b) 1800 W/m2 K
(c) 1600 W/m2 K
(d) 2000 W/m2 K
(e) 500 W/m2 K

Question 3 (Topic: Heat Transfer-I)

The Figure Q3 shows a well-mixed cylindrical vessel used to hold liquid solution which
is fed to a downstream processing unit. The vessel receives liquid solution at 90C.
Once the vessel is filled to 80% of its volume, the inlet valve is closed. As this vessel is
not insulated, temperature of the solution drops as heat is lost to the ambient air. The
minimum allowed temperature of this mixture is 60C, which is feed temperature need-
ed for the downstream processing unit. In the existing scenario, it was observed that the
temperature of solution drops from 90C to 60C in 30 minutes, after which the exit
valve is opened, and the solution is allowed to enter the downstream unit.
16 Quizzes

Figure Q3: Figure for Question 3.

Information given:

Ambient temperature 30C

Specific heat capacity of solution 3000 J/(kg K)
Density of solution 1100 kg/m3
Film heat transfer coefficient of air 20 W/(m2 K)

An engineer suggested some changes to downstream processing unit which demands

that solution can only be held in the vessel for maximum 20 minutes. The downstream
unit can now accept solution at a temperature between 65 to 70C. Which of the follow-
ing statements is correct?

(a) The holding time of 20 minutes is inadequate to cool this solution to a temperature
within the allowed range, hence, one may have to increase the heat removal rate by
increasing the stirrer speed.
(b) The holding time of 20 minutes lets the solution cool to a temperature below the
allowed range, hence, one may reduce the stirrer speed, or insulate the vessel to re-
duce the heat removal rate.
(c) The holding time of 20 minutes is adequate to cool the solution to a temperature
within the allowed range.
(d) The holding time of 20 minutes is inadequate to cool the solution to a temperature
within the allowed range, hence, one may have to increase the heat removal rate us-
ing cooling water as a cooling medium instead of air.
Quizzes 17

Question 4 (Topic: Heat Transfer-II)

The following setup has been prepared to study steady state heat transfer in flowing sys-
tems.

Water tank at room

temperature

Valve to
control
flow 50C water
bath

The following temperature profile is observed at the outlet of the tube.

Temperature (C)

Time (min)
What could have happened?

(i) Sudden increase in flow rate of water through the tube.

(ii) Sudden decrease in flow rate of water through the tube.
(iii) Water in the water tank is suddenly replaced with boiling water.
(iv) Water in the water tank is suddenly replaced with cold water.

(a) (i) and (iv) only

(b) (ii) and (iii) only
(c) (i) and (iii) only
(d) (ii) and (iv) only
18 Quizzes

Question 5 (Topic: Heat Transfer-II)

Steady state temperature profiles across three resistances in series are shown in Figure
Q5. Which one is the highest resistance?

300

Temperature, K

R1 R2 R3
0 Thickness, mm 1
Figure Q5: Figure for Question 5.

(a) 𝑅1
(b) 𝑅2
(c) 𝑅3
(d) All the resistances are equal
(e) Cannot be determined without thermal conductivity or heat transfer coefficient val-
ues

Question 6 (Topic: Heat Exchange between Flowing Fluids)

In a co-current flow double pipe heat exchanger, a hot process stream (flow rate = 𝑚1 ,
specific heat capacity = 𝐶𝑃1 ) flows through the inner pipe and is cooled from 160C to
100C. Cooling water is used to cool this hot process stream (flow rate = 𝑚2 , specific
heat capacity = 𝐶𝑃2 ); it enters the outer pipe at 25C and leaves at 55C. It is desired to
cool the hot process stream to a lower exit temperature by increasing the length of the
heat exchanger. Find the minimum temperature to which the hot process stream can be
cooled.

(a) 55C
(b) 66.67C
(c) 70C
(d) 90C
Quizzes 19

Question 7 (Topic: Heat Transfer-II)

Recall the Studio experiment on steady-state heat transfer between a flowing fluid (wa-
ter) and a constant temperature sink (ice bath). The Figure Q7 below is a schematic of
the experimental setup used. Remember the copper tube separating water and ice has a
negligible resistance. Students carried out an experiment with a water flow rate, 𝑄1 flow-
ing through a copper tube of diameter 𝑑1 , and length 𝐿1 . Let us call this experiment-1.

Water tank at room

temperature

Valve to
control
flow Ice-filled
insulated
bath

Figure Q7: Figure for Question 7

Students are advised to study the effect of various parameters on the steady state heat
transfer by changing either the water flow rate, or dimensions of the copper tube (diam-
eter and length). Let us call this experiment-2. Students were told that the effect of wa-
ter flow rates (possible in the setup) on water side resistance is negligible. It was also
suggested to assume no change in the ice-side resistance.

If the steady state exit temperature observed by students in experiment-2 is the same as
that in experiment-1, which of the following is the combination of flow rate and copper
tube dimensions that these students might have used? (Note: In experiment-2, water
flow rate = 𝑄2 copper tube diameter = 𝑑2 , and length = 𝐿2 .

Combination 𝑸𝟐 /𝑸𝟏 𝒅𝟐 /𝒅𝟏 𝑳𝟐 /𝑳𝟏

(i) 2.0 3.0 1.0
(ii) 2.0 0.5 4.0
(iii) 1.5 2.0 1.0

(a) ONLY (i)

(b) ONLY (ii)
(c) ONLY (i) and (iii)
(d) ONLY (ii) and (iii)
20 Quizzes

Question 8 (Topic: Heat Transfer-II)

In a water-cooled gaming computer, the area of the external heat exchanger for cooling
the circulating water by exchanging heat with room air is 5 m 2. Water enters the external
heat exchanger at 35oC and leaves at 25oC. Water and air side heat transfer coefficients
are 1000 W/(m2 K) and 10 W/(m2 K), respectively. The computer is placed in an air-
conditioned room maintained at 20oC. Maximum allowable CPU temperature is 75oC.
The heat exchanger that removes heat from the CPU is controlled by the water side re-
sistance. Wall resistance of the heat exchangers is negligible. What is the area of the heat
exchanger that removes heat from the CPU? Choose the nearest value.

(a) 5 m2
(b) 0.11 m2
(c) 0. 55 m2
(d) 0.011 m2
(e) 0.055 m2

Question 9 (Topic: Heat Exchange between Flowing Fluids)

Data for all hot and cold streams available in a process plant are compiled in the table
below:

Inlet Temperature Exit Temperature Flow rate 𝐶𝑃

(oC) (oC) (kg/s) (J/kg K)
Stream 1 95 35 110 4120
Stream 2 90 24 200 4120
Stream 3 30 85 240 4120
Stream 4 100 40 110 4120

Which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) Stream 3 is the only cold stream and any one of the hot streams can supply the en-
thalpy required by the cold stream.
(b) Both stream 1 and stream 4 can satisfy the enthalpy required by the cold stream, but
stream 4 will require a smaller heat exchanger.
(c) Although either stream 1 or stream 4 can satisfy the enthalpy required by the cold
stream, both should be used if the objective is to minimize required heat transfer ar-
ea.
(d) Both stream 1 and stream 4 can satisfy the enthalpy required by the cold stream, but
stream 1 will require a smaller heat exchanger.
(e) Streams 1 and 4 together can satisfy the enthalpy required by the cold stream.
Quizzes 21

Question 10 (Topic: Heat Exchange between Flowing Fluids - Geothermal En-

ergy Case Study)

Geothermal energy is used to satisfy the electricity demand of a HDB estate with 500
apartments. The average monthly energy consumption of a HDB household is 400
kWh. The efficiency of converting geothermal energy to electricity can be assumed to be
40%. The geothermal energy is recovered from geothermal fluid in a heat exchanger by
transferring heat to a process fluid. The geothermal fluid (with specific heat capacity =
4000 J/kg K) is available at 190C, and is returned to the ground at 100C. The process
fluid used is an organic liquid (with specific heat capacity = 2500 J/(kg K)) which is
heated from 30C to 80C. Assuming the heat exchanger is well insulated, what is the
mass flow rate of geothermal fluid needed (𝑚̇𝐺𝑒𝑜 ) and the ratio of the geothermal to
process fluid mass flow rates needed (𝑅)?

(a) 𝑚̇𝐺𝑒𝑜 = 1.28 kg/s; 𝑅 = 0.35

(b) 𝑚̇𝐺𝑒𝑜 = 0.78 kg/s; 𝑅 = 0.58
(c) 𝑚̇𝐺𝑒𝑜 = 1.93 kg/s; 𝑅 = 0.35
(d) 𝑚̇𝐺𝑒𝑜 = 3.1 kg/s; 𝑅 = 0.58

Question 11 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

One of the safety considerations in designing an exothermic reactor is to ensure that the
temperature within the reactor does not exceed a certain temperature ceiling. Your su-
pervisor has recommended that the reaction should be carried out under constant tem-
perature (i.e. isothermal) conditions.

Qcool kg/min

Cooling
jacket

Qcool kg/min
Exothermic
reaction

Figure Q11: Figure for Question 11.

22 Quizzes

Which of the following is best suited to carry out heat exchange in this context?

Material for wall of Material for exterior Flow rate of coolant Qcool
reactor of cooling jacket
(a) Silicone (thermal Stainless steel As high as possible
insulator)
(b) Stainless steel Silicone (thermal As high as possible
insulator)
(c) Silicone (thermal Stainless steel Depends on exothermicity of
insulator) reaction and desired reactor
temperature
(d) Stainless steel Silicone (thermal Depends on exothermicity of
insulator) reaction and desired reactor
temperature

Question 12 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

Dexter conducts a gas-liquid reaction in his laboratory at 90C by constantly bubbling

gas A into a flask containing B, and noted the change in concentration of D over time in
Figure Q12.

A(g) + B(l)  C(l) + 2D(l)

Concentration of D (mol/L)

t Time (min)

Figure Q12: Concentration of D over time.

The profile of the reaction appears as such because

(i) The reaction has reached an equilibrium.

(ii) Reactant B has been depleted.
(iii) The reaction flask is suddenly quenched.
(iv) Dexter stopped bubbling gas A into the flask.

(a) (i) and (ii) only

(b) (ii) and (iii) only
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only
(d) (iii) and (iv) only
Quizzes 23

Question 13 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

The schematic in Figure Q13 shows how a typical liquid-liquid two phase reaction is
conducted in a small-scale batch reactor in the laboratory. The top oil phase contains
reactant A, and the bottom aqueous phase contains reactant B. When reactant A and B
come into contact at the oil-water interface, the following reaction occurs:

A+BC

Figure Q13: Figure for Question 13.

Assuming that the rate of reaction is much greater than the rate of mass transfer, which
of the following statements is/are true?

(i) No reaction occurs in the absence of stirring.

(ii) The overall rate of reaction is higher with stirring because of an increase in the con-
tact area between the oil and water phase.
(iii) The larger the oil bubbles dispersed in the aqueous phase, the higher the overall
rate of reaction.

(a) Statement (ii) only

(b) Statements (i) and (ii) only
(c) Statements (ii) and (iii) only
(d) Statements (i) and (iii) only
24 Quizzes

Question 14 (Topic: Higher Order Problems; Integrated Ideas/Concepts)

The well mixed two-cell unit separated by a membrane (area 𝐴𝑀 ) used in Studio 4 is
now used to carry out a reaction between reagents 𝐴 and 𝐵 (see Figure Q14). Constant
concentrations of 𝐴 and 𝐵 (𝐶𝐴𝑜 and 𝐶𝐵𝑜 ) are maintained in the two cells. The mem-
brane allows diffusion of 𝐴 from the right cell to the left cell, but does not allow diffu-
sion of 𝐵 from the left cell to the right cell. One mole of 𝐴 irreversibly reacts with one
mole of 𝐵 to form one mole of the product. The reaction rate is given by 𝑘𝑟 𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐵 . Dif-
fusivity of 𝐴 through the membrane is 𝐷𝐴 and membrane thickness is ∆. The cells have
equal volume (𝑉) and film resistances may be assumed to be negligible.

Reactant B, 𝐶𝐵𝑜 Reactant A, 𝐶𝐴𝑜

Figure Q14: Figure for Question14.

Which one among the following is applicable for the above system?

𝑑𝐶 𝐷
(a) Mass balance of 𝐴 in the left cell is given by: 𝑉 𝑑𝑡𝐴 = ∆𝐴 𝐴𝑀 (𝐶𝐴𝑜 − 𝐶𝐴 ) −
𝑉𝑘𝑟 𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐵𝑜
(b) For a particular membrane, steady state depends on 𝐶𝐴𝑜 and 𝐶𝐵𝑜
(c) It is possible to determine the reaction rate constant from the following equation:
𝐷𝐴
𝐴 (𝐶 −𝐶𝐴 )
∆ 𝑀 𝐴𝑜
𝑘𝑟 = 𝑉𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐵𝑜
(d) None of the above (a) to (c)
(e) All of the above (a) to (c)
Quizzes 25

Question 15 (Topic: Higher Order Problems; Integrated Ideas/Concepts)

A three-compartment setup shown in Figure Q15 is used as a membrane reactor to car-

ry out the following reaction between reactants 𝐴 and 𝐵.

𝐴+𝐵 →𝑃

The rate of product formation is given by,

𝑟 = −𝑘𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐵

Reactant 𝐴 selectively diffuses from cell-1 to cell-2 through membrane-1, while reactant
𝐵 selectively diffuses from cell-3 to cell-2 through membrane-2. The concentrations of
𝐴 and 𝐵 (𝐶𝐴0 and 𝐶𝐵0 ) are maintained constant in cell-1 and cell-3 respectively and are
equal to each other (𝐶𝐴0 = 𝐶𝐵0 ). All the three cells have equal volume (𝑉). Area of each
membrane is the same and so is the membrane thickness. It can be assumed that the
resistances of individual membranes dominate the resistances for diffusion of 𝐴 and 𝐵
respectively. A fresh solvent enters cell-2 at a constant flow rate 𝑄 (m3/s), and exits at
the same flow rate and carries product 𝑃 and unreacted reactants 𝐴 and 𝐵 along with it.

Figure Q15: Three compartment membrane reactor.

Which of the following statements about this membrane reactor is/are correct?
(i) At steady state, the concentration of reactants in the exiting stream from cell-2
will always be zero if the rate of diffusion of 𝐴 and 𝐵 to cell-2 is same.
(ii) As film resistances are negligible, only the diffusivities of 𝐴 and 𝐵 through the
respective membranes will decide the steady state concentration of product in the
exiting stream from cell-2.
(iii) If the reaction between 𝐴 and 𝐵 is very fast, and if the diffusivity of 𝐵 is higher
than the diffusivity of 𝐴, then the stream exiting cell-2 will contain product 𝑃, re-
actant 𝐵 and a trace amount of reactant 𝐴.

(a) ONLY (i)

(b) ONLY (ii)
(c) ONLY (iii)
(d) ONLY (i) and (ii)
(e) ONLY (i) and (iii)
26 Quizzes

Question 16 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

Figure Q16: Well-mixed chemical reactor.

The well-mixed chemical reactor shown in Figure Q16 is used to conduct a simple liq-
uid phase chemical reaction A  P, which degrades a pollutant A into a harmless prod-
uct P. A liquid stream containing A at a concentration of 1 mol/m3 enters the reactor at
a volumetric flow rate of 10-3 m3/s. The reactor has a volume of 0.1 m3. The chemical
reaction occurs at a rate 𝑟 = 𝑘𝐶𝐴 mol/(m3 s), where the rate constant 𝑘 has a value of 1
(1/s). The concentration of A at the exit of the reactor is:

(a) 0.01 mol/m3

(b) 0.02 mol/m3
(c) 0.03 mol/m3
(d) 0.04 mol/m3
Quizzes 27

Question 17 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

Figure Q17: Well-mixed chemical reactors in series.

Instead of using one well-mixed chemical reactor, a chemical reaction engineer suggests
using two reactors in series, each with half the volume (i.e. 0.05 m3) of the single reactor
used in Question 16, as shown in Figure Q17. All else (flow rates, feed concentration,
etc.) remains the same. Which of the following statements accurately describes this new
situation?

(a) The concentration of A at the outlet of the second reactor is the same as the outlet
concentration in Question 16.
(b) The concentration of A at the outlet of the second reactor is lower than the outlet
concentration in Question 16.
(c) The concentration of A at the outlet of the second reactor is higher than the outlet
concentration in Question 16.
(d) There is insufficient information to answer this question.

Question 18 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

The concentration of P at the outlet of the second reactor in Question 17 is approxi-

mately:

(a) 0.98 mol/m3

(b) 0.098 mol/m3
(c) 0.0098 mol/m3
(d) 0.00098 mol/m3
28 Quizzes

Refer to the following problem description and Figure Q19 for Questions 19 and
20. (Topic: Higher Order Problems; Integrated Ideas/Concepts)

Figure Q19 shows a modified two-compartment setup that is applied to carry out an
exothermic chemical reaction isothermally (i.e. at constant temperature) in the left com-
partment. A reactant, “A”, with concentration 𝐶𝐴𝑜 flows into the right compartment at
volumetric flow rate 𝑄𝐴 . This reactant is pre-heated by the heat of reaction generated by
the exothermic reaction that is occurring in the left compartment. The temperature of
the reactant increases from the initial temperature, 𝑇𝑜 , to the inlet temperature 𝑇𝑖𝑛 be-
fore the reactant enters the left compartment. It then undergoes the chemical reaction in
the left compartment with a heat of reaction −∆𝐻𝑟 = 1000 J/mol. This means that 1000
J of energy is generated for every mole of “A” reacted. The rate of reaction is given by
the rate equation, rate (mol/(cm3 s)) = 𝑘𝐶𝐴 , where 𝑘 = 1 (1/s) is the rate constant of the
chemical reaction, which is assumed to be independent of temperature. This is a reason-
able assumption if the activation energy of the chemical reaction is very low. It may be
assumed that “A” does not undergo any chemical reaction in the right compartment.
The entire system is at steady state, the liquids in both compartments are perfectly well
mixed and all film heat transfer resistances may be assumed negligible.
𝑄𝐴 , 𝐶𝐴𝑜 , 𝑇𝑖𝑛
Copper plate

𝑄𝐴 , 𝐶𝐴 , 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑄𝐴 , 𝐶𝐴𝑜 , 𝑇𝑜
Figure Q19: Modified two-compartment setup for an exothermic chemical reaction
with pre-heating of reactant using the heat of reaction.

Data:

Inlet concentration of reactant A, 𝐶𝐴𝑜 = 0.5 mol/cm3

Initial temperature of reactant A, 𝑇𝑜 = 25oC
Heat of reaction −∆𝐻𝑟 = 1000 J/mol
Density of all liquids, 𝜌 = 1 g/cm3
Specific heat capacity of all liquids, 𝐶𝑝 = 4.2 J/(g K)
Volume of both compartments, 𝑉 = 1000 cm3
Cross-sectional area of copper plate, 𝐴 = 100 cm2
Quizzes 29

Let’s suppose that the reaction conditions in the left compartment are related to the var-
ious operating and design parameters via the following equation:

𝑄𝐴 (𝐶𝐴𝑜 − 𝐶𝐴 )
𝑉=
𝑘𝐶𝐴
Question 19

If the chemical reaction is carried out at 95oC in the left compartment, what will be the
outlet concentration of reactant A, 𝐶𝐴 ? (Round off your final answer to one decimal
place)

(a) 0.0 mol/cm3

(b) 0.1 mol/cm3
(c) 0.2 mol/cm3
(d) 0.3 mol/cm3
(e) 0.4 mol/cm3
(f) 0.5 mol/cm3
(g) 0.6 mol/cm3
(h) 0.7 mol/cm3
(i) 0.8 mol/cm3
(j) 0.9 mol/cm3

Question 20

A chemical engineer suggests to run the reaction at 140oC in the left compartment with
a corresponding outlet concentration, 𝐶𝐴 , of 0.01 mol/cm3. If the thickness of the cop-
per plate used is 1 cm and the thermal conductivity of copper is 4 W/(cm K), what is
the inlet temperature, 𝑇𝑖𝑛 , required?

(a) 40oC
(b) 50oC
(c) 60oC
(d) 70oC
(e) 80oC
(f) 90oC
(g) 100oC
(h) 110oC
(i) 120oC
(j) 130oC
30 Quizzes

Answers to Quiz-2 (AY1920) Questions

Q1 (b)
Q2 (d)
Q3 (c)
Q4 (a)
Q5 (b)
Q6 (c)
Q7 (b)
Q8 (d)
Q9 (e)
Q10 (c)
Q11 (d)
Q12 (d)
Q13 (a)
Q14 (e)
Q15 (c)
Q16 (a)
Q17 (b)
Q18 (a)
Q19 (c)
Q20 (i)
Quizzes 31

C. Quiz-1, AY2021 (Time Allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes)

Question 1 (Topic: Physical Quantities – Language and Measurement)

The average velocity of fluid passing through a packed bed (e.g. filter), is directly pro-
portional to the driving pressure and inversely proportional to the thickness of the bed.
This is known as Darcy’s law.
𝐾
𝑢= (−∆𝑃)
𝜇𝐿

where,
(−∆𝑃) Pressure drop across the bed (Pa)
𝐿 Thickness of the bed (m)
µ Fluid viscosity (N s)/m2
𝑢 Averaged flow velocity of the fluid (m/s)
𝐾 Permeability coefficient (depends only on properties of the bed)

Which of the following represents the units for the permeability coefficient?

(a) 𝐾 is dimensionless
(b) 𝐾 has the same units as 𝑢 (i.e. m/s)
(c) 𝐾 has the units N/m
(d) 𝐾 has the same units as length2 (i.e. m2)

Question 2 (Topic: Systems and Conservation Laws)

(Refer to the Figure Q2 below) A physical quantity P enters and leaves a system at and u
units/sec respectively. It is also consumed at a rate of c units/sec.

Fin Fout
Fc

Figure Q2: Figure for Question 2.

Which of the following 2 statements are correct?

(a) It is possible for P to reach a steady state in the system.

(b) It is impossible for P to reach a steady state in the system.
(c) It is possible for u to be equal to 0.
(d) It is not possible for u to be equal to 0.
32 Quizzes

Question 3 (Topic: Systems and Conservation Laws)

Referring to the system from the Question 2 above, which of the following 2 statements are
correct at steady state?

(a) – u + c=0
(b) – u − c = 0
(c) If = C , then u = 0
(d) If > C , then u = 0

Question 4 (Topic: Systems and Conservation Laws)

In the Figure Q4 below, two material streams (Stream ‘F’ and Stream ‘S’) are entering a
system, while two streams (Stream ‘R’ and Stream ‘E’) are leaving the system. The
stream ‘F’ enters the system at a flow rate of 500 kg/h, and the stream ‘S’ enters at a
flow rate of 850 kg/h. Figure also shows the amount of the three components (A, B and
C) in each stream. Using the information provided for a steady state operation, find the
flow rate (in kg/h) at which stream ‘E’ leaves the system.

Figure Q4: Figure for Question 4.

(a)  871 kg/h

(b)  949 kg/h
(c)  430 kg/h
(d)  920 kg/h
Quizzes 33

Question 5 (Topic: Building Models)

The water tank in the diagram has 2 outlet tubings as shown (Refer to Figure Q5).

Figure Q5: Figure for Question 5.

Given the information about the dimensions of the tubing, determine which of the fol-
lowing statement(s) are false:

(a) Tubing 1 and Tubing 2 have the same pressure driving force for flow.
(b) Water will flow faster from tubing 1 than tubing 2.
(c) Tubing 1 has a higher resistance than tubing 2.
(d) Both tubing will have the same flow rate.

Question 6 (Topic: Building Models)

Refer to Figure Q6. To what level will the water in the tank drain to? Select one of the
following options.

Figure Q6: Figure for Question 6.

(a) The water in the tank will drain to h1

(b) The water in the tank will drain to h2
34 Quizzes

Question 7 (Topic: Building Models)

Upon reaching the height determined in the Question 6, the system has reached:

(a) Equilibrium
(b) Steady State

Question 8 (Topic: Rates-in-Series)

Recall the two-tank set-up we used in the first two studios. Figure Q8 below shows the
same set-up with a minor modification. Tank-1 is draining into tank-2, while a pump is
used to transfer water from tank-2 back to tank-1. With this modification, our two-tank
system may reach a steady state.

Figure Q8: Two-tank set-up with a minor modification.

The important dimensions of the two tanks and the metal tube are given in the table
below.

Inner diameter of the tank-1 (m) 0.034

Inner diameter of the tank-2 (m) 0.044
Total height of tank 1, ℎ1 (m) 0.4
Total height of tank 2, ℎ2 (m) 0.15
Location of the tube inlet, ℎ1′ (m) 0.2
Vertical length of the metal tube (m) 0.03
Total length of the metal tube (m) 0.15
Metal tube inner diameter (m) 0.0015
Density of fluid (kg/m3) 1000
Viscosity of fluid (kg/(m s)) 0.001
Quizzes 35

What is the maximum steady state flow rate we can use such that none of the tanks
overflow?

(a) ~1.63 cm3/s.

(b) ~2.71 cm3/s.
(c) ~1.87 cm3/s.
(d) ~3.50 cm3/s.

Question 9 (Topic: Moving Molecules-I)

Refer to Figure Q9. The smell of freshly cooked food (concentration = 𝐶0 ) diffuses
from the kitchen at 𝑡 = 0, through a partitioning cloth which acts like a membrane to
the living room. Given that

 both the living room and the kitchen are well-mixed,

 the concentration of food smell from the kitchen is constant,
 this diffusion process is similar to diffusion in the 2-cell setup discussed in Studio
4 and,
 the only way for food smell to enter the room is via diffusion through the cloth

Figure Q9: Figure for Question 9.

Determine (to 3 significant figures) the time (in hours) taken for the food smell to reach
a concentration of 0.05𝐶0 . at the position 0.5 m away from the partitioning cloth. The
following are the parameters that can be used for calculations:

Diffusivity of molecules of interest 5 × 10-5

through cloth (m2/s)
Dimensions of cloth (m) 2 × 0.9
Volume of living room (m3) 300
Thickness of cloth (mm) 1
36 Quizzes

Question 10 (Topic: Moving Molecules-I)

In the peritoneal dialysis case study discussed in Studio 4, the following information
were provided from which we calculated the mass transfer coefficient, 𝑘 = 3.85 ×
𝑚
10−8 𝑠 .

Volume of Volume of Area of the Time require for the

blood plas- dialysis fluid abdominal toxin level in the
ma (L) (L) membrane blood plasma to drop
(m2) to 70% of its starting
value (h)
200 300 1 6

The plot of 𝑐/𝑐𝑜 versus time on the blood plasma side is shown in Figure Q10 below, which
𝑐 𝑐
confirms that = 0.7 was reached in 6 hours. The plot further shows that reaches 0.4 in
𝑐𝑜 𝑐𝑜
about 40 hours, and there is no further change after that. Why?

Figure Q10: 𝑐/𝑐𝑜 versus time on the blood plasma side in the peritoneal dialysis case
study.

(a) Toxin concentrations in blood plasma and dialysis fluid has become equal.
(b) This is the lowest toxin concentration ever possible in the blood plasma of a patient
with impaired kidney.
(c) It has reached pseudo steady state.
(d) Toxin level in the blood plasma has increased.
Quizzes 37

Question 11 (Topic: Moving Molecules-II)

In conducting hemodialysis to remove undesirable waste products from the blood of a

kidney patient, what can we do to reduce the purification time without compromising
the quality of the purified blood?

(a) Increase the blood flow rate

(b) Increase the diameter of the semi-permeable tube
(c) Increase the length of the semi-permeable tube
(d) Increase both the blood flow rate and the diameter of the semi-permeable tube by
the same extent
(e) Increase both the blood flow rate and the length of the semi-permeable tube by the
same extent

Question 12 (Topic: Moving Molecules-II)

Cell 2 in the 2-cell setup depicted in Figure Q12 is subjected to a continuous flow of
KMnO4 of concentration CF into the system. The flow rate of solution into and out of
cell 2 is Q m3/s. Given that the concentration of KMnO4 in cell 1 is kept constant
throughout the duration of the experiment, which of the following accurately re-
flects the concentration time profile of cell 2? Determine also the steady state con-
centration of cell 2 if the mass transfer coefficient of KMnO4 in the membrane is k.

Figure Q12: 2-cell setup for Question 12.

(a)
38 Quizzes

(b)

(c)

(d)

𝑄𝐶𝐹 + 𝑘𝐴𝐶1
(e) 𝐶2 =
𝑄 + 𝑘𝐴
𝑄𝐶𝐹 − 𝑘𝐶1
(f) 𝐶2 =
𝑄 − 𝑘𝐴
−𝑄𝐶𝐹 + 𝑘𝐶1
(g) 𝐶2 =
𝑄 + 𝑘𝐴
−𝑄𝐶𝐹 + 𝑘𝐶1
(h) 𝐶2 =
−𝑄 + 𝑘𝐴
𝑄 + 𝑘𝐴
(i) 𝐶2 =
𝑄𝐶𝐹 + 𝑘𝐶1
Quizzes 39

Question 13 (Topic: Moving Molecules-II)

Figure Q13 below shows a simplified experimental set-up we used in studio-05 (moving
molecules-II). Fresh water flowing through the membrane tube immersed in a bath of
concentrated KMnO4 solution.

Figure Q13: Simplified experimental set-up used in studio-05.

Which of the following statements are correct?

(a) For a selected KMnO4 concentration CR , water speed and the membrane diameter,
the increase in length of the membrane will result in higher steady state exit concen-
tration C u .
(b) For a selected KMnO4 concentration CR , water speed and the membrane length, the
increase in diameter of the membrane will result in higher steady state exit concen-
tration C u .
(c) For a selected KMnO4 concentration CR and membrane dimensions, the increase in
water speed (velocity) will result in higher steady state exit concentration, C u .
(d) If all other parameters are unchanged then higher KMnO4 concentration CR will
result in higher steady state exit concentration, C u .
40 Quizzes

Answers to Quiz-1 (AY2021) Questions

Q1 (d)
Q2 (a) and (c)
Q3 (b) and (c)
Q4 (d)
Q5 (c) and (d)
Q6 (b)
Q7 (a)
Q8 (c)
Q9 0.0475 h
Q10 (a)
Q11 (e)
Q12 (c) and (e)
Q13 (a) and (d)
Quizzes 41

D. Quiz-2, AY2021 (Time Allowed: 2 hours)

Question 1 (Topic: Heat Exchange between Flowing Fluids)

In the two options below, which one is the preferred flow configuration for heat trans-
fer?

(a) Configuration 1
(b) Configuration 2
(c) Both are the same

Question 2 (Topic: Geothermal Energy Case Study)

Geothermal energy is a non-renewable form of energy extracted by deep drilling like fossil fuels.

(a) True
(b) False

Question 3 (Topic: Heat Transfer-I)

Refer to Figure Q3 for the two-cell setup used for the Heat Transfer-I Studio, which was not
insulated. The experiment is carried out in a room maintained at 𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏 . Note that
𝐶𝑃1 = 𝐶𝑃2 and 𝑉2 = 2𝑉1.

Figure Q3: Two-cell setup used for the Heat Transfer-I Studio.
42 Quizzes

If we wait for a very long time, the final temperature 𝑇 in the two cells will be:

(a) T mb
(b) T1
(c) T2
(d) T1 < T < T2
(e) T mb < T < T2
(f) T1 < T < T mb

Question 4 (Topic: Heat Transfer-I)

The following four experimental set-ups (Figure Q4) represent heat transfer from a hot
fluid maintained at 90°C to a cold fluid initially at 25°C. Please note carefully the differ-
ent dimensions of the four set-ups. In which setup will the cold fluid heat up from T1 =
25°C to 60°C within the shortest time? Assume that the heat transfer resistances are the
same in all set-ups. A is the area available for heat transfer in cell 1 and V is the volume
of the cold fluid in cell 1.

(a) Configuration 1
(b) Configuration 2
(c) Configuration 3
(d) Configuration 4
 Quizzes

Figure Q4: Figure for Question 4.

43
44 Quizzes

Question 5 (Topic: Heat Transfer-II)

For the Heat Transfer-II studio experiment, the total resistance for heat transfer at
steady state was found to be 3×10-3 (m2 K)/W. The resistance of the copper tube was
negligible. If the heat transfer resistance for the fluid flowing inside the copper tube is
0.5 times that of the outside fluid, calculate the heat transfer coefficient of the outside
fluid.

The heat transfer coefficient of the outside fluid is ----- W/(m2 K).

Question 6 (Topic: Heat Transfer-II)

Figure Q6: Figure for Question 6.

Information available for the process in Figure Q6 at steady state are compiled in the
table below. The symbols have their usual meaning

𝑚̇ 𝐶𝑃 𝑇𝑜 𝑇𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑅
(kg/s) (kJ/kg K) (oC) (oC) (oC) (m2 K/kW)
1 4.2 50 20 30 1

The heat transfer area is ---- m2.

Quizzes 45

Question 7 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

Which of the following statements can be made for a 1st order reaction 𝐀 → 𝐏 carried
out in a well-stirred reactor depicted in Figure Q7?

Figure Q7: Well-stirred reactor for Question 7.

(a) If reactant A is consumed at a rate r = kCA , then the product is generated at a

rate r = 2kCA .
(b) If reactant A is consumed at a rate r = kCA , then the product is generated at a
rate r = kCA .
(c) It is possible for the reactor in the figure to reach a steady state.
(d) At steady state, CA, u = CP, u .

Question 8 (Topic: Heat Transfer-II)

Two groups of students ran experiments similar to the Heat Transfer-II Studio using a
similar setup, but with different initial heights of water in the reservoir tank, as shown in
Figure Q8. In both experiments, the valves were fully opened. The steady-state was
reached quickly without observable change in the liquid levels in their respective tanks.
Assume that the heat transfer coefficients were identical and remained unchanged in
both cases.

Figure Q8: Figures for Question 8.

46 Quizzes

Which of the following statements is correct?

(a) The outlet temperature of water for both groups should be the same.
(b) The outlet temperature of water for group A will be higher than that for group B.
(c) The outlet temperature of water for group B will be higher than that for group A.

Information for Question 9 and Question 10 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

A chemist carries out a simple solid-catalysed chemical reaction 𝐀 → 𝐏 in a flask. This

involves stirring solid spherical catalyst beads of radius R in a liquid containing reactant
A for a fixed reaction time (𝜏). The reaction occurs on the external surface of the spher-
ical beads. The rate of reaction per unit catalyst area is given by the expression
r (mol/m2 . s) = kCA .

Question 9 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

If CA is the concentration of A expressed in mol/m3, then the rate constant k has units
of:

(a) 1/s
(b) m/s
(c) m2/s
(d) m3/s

Question 10 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

The reaction is carried out in batch mode, which means that there is nothing entering or
leaving the reactor. If 𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑡 is is the total area of the catalyst particles (m2), and 𝑉 is the
reactor volume (in m3), then a suitable unsteady state mass balance for A is:

𝑑𝐶𝐴
(a) = − 𝑘𝐶𝐴
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐶𝐴 𝑘𝐶𝐴 𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑡
(b) =−
𝑑𝑡 𝑉
𝑑𝐶𝐴
(c) = − 𝑘𝐶𝐴 𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐶𝐴
(d) = − 𝑘𝐶𝐴 /𝑉
𝑑𝑡
Quizzes 47

Question 11 (Topic: Heat Transfer-II)

Hot steam at 120 °C was passed through a copper tubing and immersed in an insulated
cup of milk to heat it from room temperature 20 °C to 70 °C (refer to Figure Q11). As-
suming temperature of steam remains unchanged and the temperature of milk in the
cup is uniform, calculate the time required for the milk to reach 70 °C. (Give your an-
swers in seconds, to 3 significant figures).

Figure Q11: Figure for Question 11.

Heat transfer area (m2) 0.05

𝑅𝐻 (m2 C/W) 0.001
(𝑚𝐶𝑝, 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑘) (J/K) 800

Question 12 (Topic: Heat Transfer-II)

The steady state outlet temperature in the experiment (similar to the Heat Transfer-II
Studio) shown in Figure Q12 was found to be 15 °C. The experimental setup was later
modified to increase the length of the coil to twice the original length, keeping all other
parameters (including the flow rate) unchanged. What is the steady state outlet tempera-
ture in the modified experimental setup? (Give your answers in seconds, to 3 significant
figures).

Figure Q12: Figure for Question 12.

48 Quizzes

Question 13 (Topic: Heat Transfer-II)

Refer to the Figure Q13 below.

Figure Q13: Figure for Question 13.

Which of the following is the correct expression for the steady state temperature (𝑇1 ) at
the interface of two resistances?

(a) (𝑇2 + 𝑇𝑜 )
𝑇1 =
1 1
𝑅1 + 𝑅2
(b) (𝑇2 + 𝑇𝑜 )
𝑇1 =
𝑅1 + 𝑅2
(c) (𝑅1 𝑇2 + 𝑅2 𝑇𝑜 )
𝑇1 =
𝑅1 + 𝑅2
(d) (𝑅1 𝑇0 + 𝑅2 𝑇2 )
𝑇1 =
1 1
𝑅1 + 𝑅2

Question 14 (Topic: Geothermal Energy Case Study)

Recall the geothermal case study (Studio 8). A geothermal heat recovery unit is in opera-
tion and is able to recover the necessary geothermal energy to satisfy the power demand
for an HDB cluster. The geothermal fluid with a mass flow rate of 𝑚̇𝑔𝑒𝑜 enters the heat
exchanger at 200 °C and leaves at 100 °C. The process fluid with a mass flow rate of 𝑚̇𝑃
enters the heat exchanger at 40°C and leaves at 70°C. The specific heat capacity of the
geothermal fluid and process fluid are equal. One fine day, you are informed that the
heat recovery unit is unable to recover the necessary energy to satisfy the power de-
mand. Which of the following could be possible reasons?

(a) The flow rate of geothermal fluid has decreased due to a pump malfunction.
(b) The external insulation of the heat recovery unit is damaged.
(c) The overall resistance for heat transfer has decreased.
(d) The flowrate of process fluid has increased due to a pump malfunction.
Quizzes 49

Question 15 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

A gas-liquid reaction was studied using the same gas flow rate 𝑄, using the two different
gas supply methods (tube and ceramic sparger) shown in the Studio 9 video. The results
obtained are shown in the Figure Q15 below. Given this information, which one of the
following statements can you make about this new reaction?

Figure Q15: Figure for Question 15.

(a) The reaction is reversible.

(b) The reaction is irreversible.
(c) The system will eventually reach a steady state.
(d) The system will eventually reach an equilibrium.
(e) Mass transfer is the slower step.
(f) Reaction is the slower step.

Question 16 (Topic: Heat Transfer-I)

The experiment from the Heat Transfer-I Studio was repeated using three different var-
iants of the two-cell set-up (Setup 1, Setup 2 and Setup 3 as shown in Figure Q16-1 be-
low). The area for heat transfer is the same in all the three variants, but the volume of
Cell-2 is different.
50 Quizzes

Figure Q16-1: Three different variants of the two-cell set-up.

Identify which temperature vs time curve in Figure Q16-2 applies to Cell-2 in Setup 3??

Figure Q16-2: Temperature vs time curve for Question 16.

(a) Curve a
(b) Curve b
(c) Curve c
Quizzes 51

Question 17 (Topic: Higher Order Problems; Integrated Ideas/Concepts)

In the membrane reactor shown in Figure Q17, the following irreversible reaction takes
place:

𝐀 + 𝐁 + 𝐂 → 𝐏; 𝑟 = 𝑘𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐵 𝐶𝐶

Reactants A and C diffuse across two membranes to reach the reactor, both of which
have area AM . The reactor is well-mixed. Which of the following sets of parameters may
affect the steady state product concentration CP ?

Figure Q17: Membrane reactor for Question 17.

(a) 𝑘𝑚1 , 𝑘𝑚2 , 𝑘

(b) 𝑉1 , 𝑉2
(c) 𝐶𝐴0 , 𝐶𝐶0
(d) 𝑄, 𝐶𝐵0

Question 18 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

The following irreversible reaction takes place in the membrane reactor shown in Figure
Q18:

𝐀 + 𝐁 + 𝐂 → 𝐏; 𝑟 = 𝑘𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐵 𝐶𝐶

Figure Q18: Membrane reactor for Question 18.

52 Quizzes

𝑄 carries solvent and component B. The flow rates of solvent and reactant(s) and prod-
uct in and out of the reactor are assumed constant. Reactants A and C diffuse across
two membranes to react in the reactor, both of which have area AM . The reactor is well-
mixed. At steady state, CA > CB > CC . Which of the following options is/are correct?

(a) 𝑘𝑚2 > 𝑘𝑚1

(b) 𝑘𝑚1 > 𝑘𝑚2
(c) At steady state, 𝑄𝐶𝑃 = 𝐴𝑀 𝑘𝑚1 𝐶𝐶𝑜
(d) At steady state, 𝑄𝐶𝑃 = 𝑄(𝐶𝐵𝑜 − 𝐶𝐵 )
(e) At steady state, 𝑄𝐶𝑝 = 𝑄(𝐶𝐴𝑜 − 𝐶𝐴 )

Information for Question 19 and Question 20 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

Recall the earlier question where a chemist carried out a simple solid-catalysed chemical
reaction A → P in a flask. Let us call this the "original experiment". This involves stir-
ring solid spherical catalyst beads of radius 𝑅 in a liquid containing reactant A for a fixed
reaction time (𝑡). The reaction occurs on the external surface of the spherical beads. The
rate of reaction per unit catalyst area is given by the expression 𝑟 (mol/m2 ∙ s) =
𝑘𝐶𝐴 .

The reaction was carried out in batch mode, which means that there was nothing enter-
ing or leaving the reactor. aCAT is the total area of the catalyst particles (m2), and V is the
reactor volume (m3).

Question 19 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

The same chemist performs another experiment in which she uses spherical beads of
radius 0.5R while using the same total mass of catalyst as in the "original experiment".
She observes that the product concentration is doubled over the "original experiment"
for the same reaction time (𝑡). What can she conclude from these observations?

(a) The dominant resistance in this process is that due to mass transfer.
(b) The dominant resistance in this process is that due to the catalytic chemical reaction.
(c) It is not possible to make any comments about dominant resistance from this in-
formation.

Question 20 (Topic: Engineering Reactions)

The same chemist performs another experiment at twice the stirring speed compared to
the "original experiment". She observes that the product concentration increases by
50% over the "original experiment" for the same reaction time (𝑡). What can she con-
clude from these observations?

(a) The dominant resistance in this process is that due to mass transfer.
(b) The dominant resistance in this process is that due to the catalytic chemical reaction.
(c) It is not possible to make any comments about dominant resistance from this in-
formation.
Quizzes 53

Answers to Quiz-2 (AY2021) Questions

Q1 (c)
Q2 (b)
Q3 (a)
Q4 (a)
Q5 500 W/(m2 K)
Q6 2.1 m2
Q7 (b) and (c)
Q8 (b)
Q9 (b)
Q10 (b)
Q11 11.1 s
Q12 9 °C
Q13 (c)
Q14 (a) and (b)
Q15 (e)
Q16 (c)
Q17 (a), (c) and (d)
Q18 (d)
Q19 (c)
Q20 (a)