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 HOME
EMERGENCY
GUIDE
 HOME
EMERGENCY
GUIDE

DK Publishing
 LONDON, NEW YORK,
MUNICH, MELBOURNE, AND DELHI

C ONTRIBUTORS
Dr. Vivien Armstrong • Dr. Sue Davidson • Professor Ian Davis
David Holloway • John McGowan • Tony Wilkins
David R.Goldmannn MD FACP • Allen R.Walker MD • John Cunningham

Produced for Dorling Kindersley by

C OOLING B ROWN
9–11 High Street, Hampton,
Middlesex TW12 2SA
Project Editor • Alison Bolus
Senior Designer • Tish Mills
Creative Director • Arthur Brown
Managing Editor • Amanda Lebentz

D ORLING K INDERSLEY
Senior Managing Editor • Jemima Dunne
Managing Art Editor • Louise Dick
Senior Art Editor • Marianne Markham
DTP Designer • Julian Dams
DK P UBLISHING
Senior Editor • Jill Hamilton
Senior Art Editor • Susan St. Louis
Editorial Assistant • Kate Hamill

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is complete and
accurate. However, the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional advice or services to the
individual reader. The ideas, procedures and suggestions contained in this book are general and not
intended as a substitute for consulting a relevant specialist in individual cases. The publisher would in
any event always advise the reader to consult his or her doctor or other health professional for specific
information on personal health matters. The publisher cannot accept any legal responsibility for any
loss or damage allegedly arising from any information or suggestion contained in this book.

First published in the United States in 2003 by

DK Publishing, Inc.
375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014

00 01 02 03 04 05 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Copyright © 2002 Dorling Kindersley

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this
publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the copyright owner.

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 0-7894-9346-2

Color reproduction by GRB Editrice, Verona, Italy

Printed and bound in Singapore by Star Standard Industries (Pte.) Ltd.

See our complete product line at

www.dk.com
 CONTENTS
1
FIRST AID
Action in an emergency .................10
Resuscitation techniques ................12
Choking
(adults and children) ...........................22
Choking
(babies under 1) .................................24
Heart attack.....................................25
Asthma attack .................................26
Shock................................................27
Anaphylactic shock .........................28
Head injury ......................................29
Stroke...............................................30
Severe bleeding...............................31
Penetrating chest
wounds ............................................32
Cuts and scrapes..............................33 Nosebleed........................................39
Splinters ...........................................34 Emergency childbirth......................40
Eye wound.......................................35 Major seizures .................................42
Foreign object in the eye ...............36 Febrile seizures................................43
Chemicals in the eye .......................37 Broken arm......................................44
Bleeding from the mouth ..............38 Broken leg .......................................45
Spinal injuries ..................................46
Sprains and strains ..........................47
Severe burns ....................................48
Minor burns and scalds...................49
Sunburn ...........................................50
Heat exhaustion ..............................51
Heatstroke .......................................52
Fainting............................................53
Hypothermia ...................................54
Frostbite...........................................55
Swallowed poisons..........................56
Snake and spider bites....................57
Animal and tick bites.....................58
Insect and
scorpion stings ...................59
First-aid equipment........60
 2
FAMILY ILLNESS
How to use this section .................66 Diarrhea (adults) ............................128
Assessing symptoms (adults) ...........68 Diarrhea (children) .........................130
Assessing symptoms Constipation .................................132
(children) ..........................................70 Chest pain.....................................134
Not feeling well .............................72 Palpitations...................................136
Fever (adults) ...................................74 Poor bladder control ....................137
Fever (children) ................................76 Painful urination ..........................138
Excessive sweating .........................78 Back pain ......................................140
Lumps and swellings ......................80 Neck pain or stiffness....................142
Feeling faint /passing out ..............82 Arm or hand pain ........................144
Headache ........................................84 Leg pain ........................................145
Vertigo ............................................86 Joint pain......................................146
Numbness and /or tingling ............88 Swollen ankles..............................148
Facial pain.......................................90 Erectile dysfunction .....................150
Difficulty speaking .........................91 Testes and scrotum
Forgetfulness or confusion............92 problems .......................................151
General skin problems....................94 Penis problems .............................152
Rash with fever ..............................96 Breast problems ...........................154
Eye pain or irritation ......................98 Painful menstrual periods ...........156
Disturbed/impaired vision ...........100 Heavy menstrual periods .............157
Earache .........................................102 Abnormal vaginal
bleeding........................................158
Sore throat ...................................103
Vaginal discharge.........................160
Hoarseness or
loss of voice ..................................104 Genital irritation
(women) .........................................161
Coughing (adults) ..........................106
Home medicine chest....................162
Coughing (children) .......................108
Caring for a sick person...............164
Shortness of breath
(adults) ...........................................110
Breathing problems
(children) ........................................112
Wheezing......................................114
Difficulty swallowing....................115
Vomiting (adults) ...........................116
Vomiting (children) ........................118
Abdominal pain
(adults) ...........................................120
Abdominal pain
(women) .........................................122
Abdominal pain
(children) ........................................124
Abdominal swelling .....................126
Anal and rectal problems ............127
 3
HOUSEHOLD EMERGENCIES
Home safety..................................172
Yard safety ....................................178
Fires in the home .........................180
Gas leaks .......................................184
Plumbing
problems .......................................186
Central-heating
problems .......................................192
Air-conditioning
problems .......................................194
Electrical problems .......................196
Structural problems......................200
Insects and pests...........................208
Furniture and
furnishings ....................................210
Home security...............................212

4
NATURAL DISASTERS
Planning for disaster....................220 Tsunami.........................................242
Severe storm.................................226 Post-disaster survival....................244
Flood .............................................228
Extreme cold.................................230
Wildfire .........................................232
Hurricane ......................................234
Tornado.........................................236
Earthquake ...................................238
Volcanic eruption .........................240

Useful addresses
and online listings........................250
Index .............................................253
Acknowledgments .......................256
 1
FIRST
AID
Knowing what to do in a medical emergency, such as when someone
suffers a heart attack, a deep chest wound, or a snake bite, could save
the victim’s life. This section tells you how to recognize important
symptoms and give appropriate first-aid treatment in a wide range
of situations, with full details on resuscitating an unconscious person.

Action in an Chemicals Swallowed poisons........56

emergency .....................10 in the eye.......................37 Snake and
Resuscitation Bleeding from spider bites ....................57
techniques .....................12 the mouth .....................38 Animal and
Choking Nosebleed......................39 tick bites ........................58
(adults and children) .........22 Emergency Insect and
Choking childbirth .......................40 scorpion stings...............59
(babies under 1) ...............24 Major seizures ...............42 First-aid equipment ......60
Heart attack...................25 Febrile seizures..............43
Asthma attack ...............26 Broken arm....................44
Shock..............................27 Broken leg .....................45
Anaphylactic shock .......28 Spinal injuries ................46
Head injury ....................29 Sprains and strains ........47
Stroke.............................30 Severe burns ..................48
Severe bleeding ............31 Minor burns
and scalds ......................49
Penetrating chest
wounds ..........................32 Sunburn .........................50
Cuts and scrapes............33 Heat exhaustion ............51
Splinters .........................34 Heatstroke .....................52
Eye wound.....................35 Fainting..........................53
Foreign object Hypothermia .................54
in the eye.......................36 Frostbite.........................55
10 FIRST AID

Action in an emergency
When faced with an emergency, try to remain calm and controlled so that you
can act effectively. Before assessing the victim’s condition and carrying out
the appropriate first aid, make sure that you are not putting yourself in danger.
You will not be able to help anyone else if you become a victim yourself.
If possible, have someone else dial 911 while you deal with the situation.

ACTION PLAN

Are you and/or ACTION

Is the victim
START the victim in
talking to you? CHECK THE
any danger? VICTIM’S INJURIES
(p.11) AND TREAT
AS APPROPRIATE.
Yes Yes CALL FOR HELP IF
NECESSARY.

No No

Is the victim Is the victim

breathing? conscious?
ACTION
ELIMINATE DANGER, Yes Yes
OR REMOVE THE
VICTIM FROM
DANGER, ONLY IF No
YOU CAN DO SO
No
WITHOUT PUTTING
YOURSELF AT RISK.
DIAL 911.
Dial 911 or
call EMS.
Give rescue
ACTION
breaths
(pp.16–17). Are CONTINUE RESCUE
there any signs BREATHS.
ACTION of circulation?
PLACE VICTIM IN THE
RECOVERY POSITION
Yes
(pp.14–15). CHECK
FOR SIGNS OF INJURY.
ACTION
DIAL 911 OR CALL
EMS.
No GIVE CPR (pp.18–20).
 ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY 11

ASSESSING A VICTIM’S INJURIES

• Deal first with any life-threatening
conditions the victim may have,
such as unconsciousness (p.21),
breathing difficulties (p.12), or
Check the victim to heavy loss of blood (p.31).
assess her injuries
• Check for and treat any
other injuries.

CALLING AN AMBULANCE

1 Dial
•
911
Check the victim’s breathing
3 Give first aid
• Give the appropriate first-aid to
before calling for help. the victim.
• possible, send someone else to
If • Stay with the victim until medical
make the call and ask him or her help arrives.
to confirm that help is on the way.
• Monitor the victim’s breathing
• you are alone with a child who
If (p.68 for an adult, p.71 for a child),
is unconscious or an adult who pulse (p.68 for an adult, p.70 for
has drowned, choked, or been a child), and consciousness (p.12)
injured, give rescue breaths until the ambulance arrives.
(pp.16–17) and/or CPR (pp.18–20)
for 1 minute before making the call.
• you are alone with an adult who
If
is not breathing and you suspect a
heart attack, dial 911 immediately.
Monitor the victim’s
• you have to leave a victim who
If condition while
is breathing, place him in the waiting for the
recovery position (pp.14–15). ambulance

2 Give
•
information
Tell the ambulance dispatcher
where you are, your telephone
number, what has happened, the
age, sex, condition, and injuries of
the victim(s), and whether any
hazards are still present, such as
a fire or gasoline on the road.
12 FIRST AID

Resuscitation techniques
The techniques on the following pages, used in sequence, can help maintain a
victim’s oxygen supply until help arrives. Upon finding an unconscious person,
you need to open and, if necessary, clear the victim’s airway so that air can enter
the lungs. If the victim is not breathing, give rescue breaths to maintain the oxygen
supply, thereby sustaining the victim’s vital organs. If the victim also has no
circulation, give cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) – rescue breaths with chest
compressions – to ensure that air enters the body and is circulated by the blood.
An unconscious victim who is breathing should be placed in the recovery position,
a secure position that keeps the airway open and the head, neck, and back aligned.

CHECKING FOR CONSCIOUSNESS (all ages)

1 Seek reaction 2 Assess response

• Ask a simple question, or give • If the victim responds to
a simple command, such as speech, assess whether he is
“Open your eyes.” alert and aware of the situation
• Shake an adult’s shoulders gently. or confused and sleepy.
• he responds to touch, assess
If
whether he reacts readily to your
touch or is sluggish in response.

!Important
• Never shake a baby or child. Instead,
• there is no reaction at all, open
If
the victim’s airway (p.13).
gently tap the shoulder or flick the
sole of the foot.

3 Monitor
•
victim
During first-aid treatment, you
Shake an adult will need to repeat steps 1–2
victim gently by
the shoulders to
every 10 minutes to check the
see if he responds victim’s level of consciousness.
• Note any changes in the victim’s
responses to speech or gentle
shaking (adult victims only),
and whether these indicate an
improvement or a deterioration
in his condition, then pass this
information on to the paramedics
when the ambulance arrives.
• If a conscious victim becomes
unconscious, open the airway
(p.13), check breathing (p.14),
and dial 911 or call EMS.
 RESUSCITATION TECHNIQUES 13

OPENING THE AIRWAY (adults and children)

BEFORE YOU START

Make sure that you have:
2 Remove any
• Checked for consciousness but obstruction
had no response (p.12).
• Look inside the victim’s mouth.
Carefully pick out any obvious
obstruction with your fingers.

1 Tilt head back

• Gently place one hand on the
victim’s forehead.
3 Lift
•
chin
Place two fingers of the other hand
• Tilt the head back by pressing under the chin and lift it gently.
down on the forehead.
• Tilt the head to open the airway.
Check breathing (p.14).

!Important
• If you suspect that there are head
Using two
fingers, gently
lift up the chin

or neck injuries, handle the head

carefully. Tilt the head back slightly.
• Do not sweep your fingers blindly
around the mouth.

OPENING THE AIRWAY (babies under 1)

BEFORE YOU START
Make sure that you have:
3 Lift chin
• Checked for consciousness but • Place one finger of the other hand
had no response (p.12). under the chin and lift it gently.
• Tilt the head slightly. If you tilt it
too far, you may block the airway
again. Check breathing (p.14).
1 Tilt
•
head back
Place one hand on the baby’s
forehead, then tilt the head
by pressing on the forehead.
Do not over-
extend the

2 Remove any baby’s neck

obstruction
• Pick out any obvious obstruction
in the mouth with your fingertips.
! Important
• Always be very gentle with a baby’s head
when tilting it back.
14 FIRST AID

CHECKING FOR BREATHING (all ages)

BEFORE YOU START
Make sure that you have carried out
2 Treat
•
victim
If breathing has stopped, begin
the following steps:
• Checked for consciousness but rescue breaths (pp.16–17).
had no response (p.12). • If the victim is breathing but
• Opened the victim’s airway (p.13). unconscious, place him in the
recovery position (see below and
opposite), then check for injuries.

1 Look for Look down

across the chest

movement to see if it rises

• Kneel beside the victim and put

your cheek close to his mouth.
Listen and feel for any signs of
breathing, while looking along
his chest for signs of movement.
• Do this for up to 10 seconds.

RECOVERY POSITION (adults and children)

BEFORE YOU START

Make sure that you have carried out
2 Prepare to
the following steps: turn victim
• Checked for consciousness but had • Bring the arm farther from you
no response (p.12).
across the victim’s chest, and
• Opened the victim’s airway (p.13). place the back of his hand under
• Checked for breathing and found his near cheek.
definite signs (see above).
• Pull his far leg into a bent position;
keep his foot on the floor.
• Pull his knee toward you.
1 Position arms
and legs
• Kneel next to the victim.
• If the victim is wearing eyeglasses,
remove them. Also remove any
bulky objects from his pockets.
• Position the arm closer to
you so that it lies at a right
angle to his body, with his
Use leg as
elbow bent at a right angle Keep palm lever to
and the palm facing upward. facing up turn body
 R E S U S C I TAT I O N T E C H N I Q U E S 15

3 Turn
•
victim
Continue to pull the upper leg
4 Support
•
victim
Adjust the victim’s hand so that it
so that the victim rolls onto supports his head. Bend the hip and
his side. If necessary, support his knee of his upper leg at right angles
body with your knees so that he so that this leg supports his body.
does not roll too far forward. • Check that an ambulance is on
• Leave the victim’s hand supporting the way.
his head, and tilt the head so that • Check and record the victim’s
the airway stays open. breathing (p.68 for an adult,
p.71 for a child), pulse (p.68
for an adult, p.70 for a child),
and consciousness (p.12)
until help arrives.

! Important
• If you suspect a spinal injury, do not move
the victim unless his breathing is impeded
Keep or he is in danger. Maintain his open airway.
leg bent

RECOVERY POSITION (babies under 1)

BEFORE YOU START
Make sure that you have carried out
the following steps:
! Important
• If you suspect a spinal injury, do not move
• Checked for consciousness but a baby unless the breathing is impeded or
had no response (p.12). he is in danger.
• Opened the baby’s airway (p.13).
• Checked for breathing and found
definite signs (see p.14).

2 Monitor baby
• Monitor the baby’s breathing
1 Pick up baby
• Hold the baby securely in
(p.71), pulse (p.70), and level
of consciousness (p.12)
until help arrives.
your arms so that his head
is lower than his body.
• Tilt the baby’s head back
to keep the airway open
and to allow any vomit to
drain from his mouth.
Keep the baby’s
• Ensure that you keep the baby’s head tilted
head, neck, and back aligned downward to
and supported at all times. let fluid drain
16 FIRST AID

GIVING RESCUE BREATHS (adults and children)

BEFORE YOU START
Make sure that you have carried out
3 Repeat
•
breathing
If there is no chest movement,
the following steps:
• Checked for consciousness but readjust his head and try again.
had no response (p.12). • Repeat rescue breaths up to five
• Opened the victim’s airway (p.13). times or until you achieve two
• Checked for breathing but found effective breaths. Then check for
no signs (p.14). signs of circulation (see step 4). OR
• If his chest fails to move even after
rescue breathing, check for signs
of circulation. If you know that
1 Breathe into the victim has choked and his
chest still does not move, do
victim’s mouth not check for circulation but
• Check that the victim’s airway go straight to CPR (pp.18–20).
is still open.
• Pinch the victim’s nose closed with Keep checking
your thumb and index finger. to see if his chest
• Take a deep breath, then place rises and falls
your open mouth tightly around
his so that you form a good seal.
• Blow air into his mouth for
about 2 seconds.
Blow steadily
into the
victim’s
mouth

4 Check for signs

of circulation
• Look for any signs that indicate
circulation – breathing, coughing,
and movement of limbs – for up
to 10 seconds.

2 Watch
•
chest
Lift your mouth away from the
• there are signs of circulation,
If
continue rescue breathing, giving
10 breaths per minute for adults
victim’s mouth, keeping your and 20 for children. Recheck for
hands in place to maintain his signs of circulation every minute.
head position. • If the victim starts breathing
again, place him in the recovery
• Glance at the victim’s chest; you
should see his chest fall as the air position (pp.14–15).
leaves his lungs. This is called an • If there are no signs of circulation,
effective breath. Repeat the breath. begin CPR (pp.18–20).
 R E S U S C I TAT I O N T E C H N I Q U E S 17

! Important
• If you have a face shield (p.60), use
this when giving rescue breaths to
prevent cross-infection.
Place the
• If the victim has swallowed a corrosive shield on the
poison, use a face shield to protect victim’s face,
yourself from the effects of the chemical. with the filter
over her mouth
• Before giving the first breath, make
sure that the victim’s head is tilted back
and the airway is open.

GIVING RESCUE BREATHS (babies under 1)

BEFORE YOU START

Make sure that you have carried out
2 Watch chest
the following steps: • Glance at the baby’s chest; it should
• Checked for consciousness but rise and fall. Repeat rescue breaths.
had no response (p.12). • the chest does not move, readjust
If
• Opened the baby’s airway (p.13). the airway and try again.
• Checked for breathing but found • Try up to five times or until you
no signs (p.14). achieve two effective breaths. Check
for signs of circulation. OR
• If the chest still does not move,
check for signs of circulation.
1 Breathe into • If you know the baby has choked
baby’s mouth and the chest still does not move,
do not check for circulation but
• Make sure that the baby’s airway go straight to CPR (p.20).
is still open.
• Take a breath. Seal your lips

•
around both the mouth and nose.
Attempt to give about one breath
3 Check
•
circulation
Look for any signs that indicate
per second.
circulation – breathing, coughing,
and movement of limbs – for up
to 10 seconds.
• there are signs of circulation,
If
continue rescue breathing (at a
rate of one breath per 3 seconds).
If there are no signs of circulation,
begin CPR (p.20).
pic

!Important
• When giving rescue breaths to a baby,
be careful not to blow too hard.
18 FIRST AID

GIVING CPR (adults and children over 7)

BEFORE YOU START

Make sure that you have carried out
2 Position
•
hands
Lift away the fingers of your
the following steps:
• Checked for consciousness but had first hand and lay this hand on top
no response (p.12). of your other hand.
• Opened the victim’s airway (p.13). • Interlock your fingers, so that
• Checked for breathing but found no the fingers of your bottom hand
signs (p.14). are not touching the chest.
• Given two effective rescue breaths • Kneel upright with your shoulders
and checked for signs of circulation directly above the victim and your
but found none (p.16) OR
elbows locked straight.
• Attempted two rescue breaths and
checked for signs of circulation but
found none (p.16). Raise fingers
away from
the chest

1 Find compression
point
• Lay the victim on a firm surface.
• Kneel beside the victim, level with
his chest. Slide your fingers (using 3 Compress chest
the hand farther from his head) • Press downward, depressing the
along the lowest rib to the point breastbone by 11/2–2 inches (4–5 cm)
where it meets the breastbone. on an average adult, then release
• Position your middle and index the pressure but do not remove
fingers at this point. your hands from the chest.
• Place the heel of your other hand • Compress the chest in this way
on the breastbone, just above your 15 times at a rate of about 100
index finger. compressions per minute (roughly
This is the three every 2 seconds), maintaining
area of the an even rhythm.
chest where
you must
apply the
compressions.

Keep your hands

in position between
compressions

Place fingers
where the victim’s
lower rib and
breastbone meet
 R E S U S C I TAT I O N T E C H N I Q U E S 19

4 Give rescue breaths 5 Repeat CPR cycles

• •
Give the victim two rescue Continue giving cycles of 15 chest
breaths (p.16). compressions and two rescue
Pinch the nose
breaths until help arrives.
and tilt the chin
before placing
• the circulation returns or the
If
your mouth over
victim starts breathing at any time,
the victim’s stop CPR and place him in the
recovery position (pp.14–15).
• Stay with the victim and monitor
his breathing (p.68), pulse (p.68),
and level of consciousness (p.12)
until help arrives.

GIVING CPR (children 1–7)

BEFORE YOU START
Make sure that you have carried out
2 Give compressions
the following steps: • Kneel upright with your shoulders
• Checked for consciousness but had directly above the child’s chest and
no response (p.12). your elbow locked straight.
• Opened the victim’s airway (p.13). • Press downward, so that you
• Checked for breathing but found no are depressing the breastbone
signs (p.14). by one-third of the depth of the
• Given two effective rescue breaths chest, then release the pressure
and checked for signs of circulation without removing your hands.
but found none (p.16) OR
• Compress the chest five times at a
• Attempted two rescue breaths and rate of about 100 compressions per
checked for signs of circulation but
minute, keeping an even rhythm.
found none (p.16).
• Give one rescue breath.

1 Find compression 3 Repeat CPR cycles

point • Continue giving cycles of five chest
compressions to one rescue breath.
• Lay the child on a firm surface.
• If the child’s circulation and/
• Find the base of or breathing return, place
the breastbone him or her in the recovery
(see opposite), position (pp.14–15).
then position
one hand on the • Stay with the child
lower half of the and monitor his or
child’s breastbone. her breathing (p.71),
pulse (p.70), and
Position one level of consciousness
hand ready (p.12) until help arrives.
for compressions
20 FIRST AID

GIVING CPR (babies under 1)

BEFORE YOU START
Make sure that you have carried out
2 Compress chest
the following steps: • Press downward, so that you
depress the breastbone by one-
• Checked for consciousness but third of the depth of the chest,
had no response (p.12).
then release the pressure without
• Opened the baby’s airway (p.13). moving your hands.
• Checked for breathing but found no
signs (p.14). • Compress the chest five times at a
• Given two effective rescue breaths rate of about 100 compressions per
and checked for signs of circulation minute, keeping an even rhythm.
but found none (p.17). OR
• Give one effective rescue breath.
• Attempted two rescue breaths and
checked for signs of circulation but
found none (p.17). Seal your
mouth over
the baby’s
nose and
mouth

1 Find compression
point
• Lay the baby on a firm surface.
• Position the tips of two fingers of
one hand on the baby’s breastbone,
a finger’s width below the nipples.
This is the point where you must
apply the compressions. 3 Repeat CPR cycles
• Continue giving cycles of five
chest compressions and one
rescue breath.
• If the baby’s circulation and/or
breathing return, stop CPR
and hold him or her in the
recovery position (p.15).
• Stay with the baby and monitor
his or her breathing (p.71), pulse
(p.70), and level of consciousness
(p.12) until help arrives.
Listen for
Place two fingers breathing
on the breastbone
just below nipple line

!Important
Look for chest
movements

• When giving rescue breaths to a baby,

be careful not to blow too hard.
 RESUSCITATION TECHNIQUES • UNCONSCIOUSNESS 21

Unconsciousness
An interruption in the normal activity of the brain
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
results in unconsciousness. This potentially life-
threatening condition requires immediate medical • No response to loud
noise or gentle shaking
help. The aims of first-aid treatment are to check the
• Closed eyes
victim’s level of consciousness, open the airway and • No movement or sound
check breathing, then, if the victim is breathing, to
put him or her in a stable position until help arrives.

TREATING UNCONSCIOUSNESS (all ages)

1 Check 3 Treat injuries

consciousness • Examine the victim gently for any
serious injuries.
• Check the victim for signs • Control any bleeding (p.31).
of consciousness (p.12).
Check for and support suspected
• Open the victim’s airway (p.13) broken arms or legs (pp.44–45).
and check her breathing (p.14).
• If the victim is not breathing, begin
rescue breaths (p.16 for adults and
children, p.17 for babies). 4 Monitor victim
• the victim is breathing, place her
If • Stay with the victim until medical
in the recovery position (pp.14–15 help arrives.
for adults and children, p.15 for • Monitor her breathing regularly
babies) and treat any injuries (p.68 for an adult, p.71 for a
(see step 3). child or baby) and pulse (p.68
for an adult, p.70 for a child
or baby) every 10 minutes.
• Check for any changes in the
victim’s level of consciousness by
asking simple questions or shaking
Keep her gently every 5–10 minutes.
leg bent

2 Summon help !Important

• Do not move the victim unnecessarily in case
• Dial 911 or call EMS. there is spinal injury.
• Look for clues to the cause of the • If you need to leave the victim to get help,
condition, such as needle marks, place her in the recovery position (pp.14–15
medical warning bracelets, or for adults and children, p.15 for babies).
identification cards.
• Do not shake a baby or child.
• Ask bystanders for any information • Be prepared to begin resuscitation (pp.12–20).
they may have that you can give
to the emergency services. • Do not give an unconscious victim anything
to eat or drink.
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