2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제

[18] [19]
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
Notice to Hilltop Apartment Residents Nathan boarded the train on Saturday evening. As
In accordance with fire safety regulations, it is he made his way to his seat, he found someone
essential ①to keep all hallways free of personal already sitting there. ①Confusing, he checked his
belongings such as bicycles, boxes, and small ticket and realized his mistake ― it was for
furniture. Hallways serve as critical evacuation Sunday, not Saturday! A flush of panic spread
routes during emergencies, and anything ②left across his face. He quickly approached a train
there could block the way and pose serious safety attendant and explained the situation. “Is there
risks. To ensure the safety of all residents, we anything I can do to resolve this?” Nathan asked.
request that any personal items ③are placed in “Don’t worry, sir. We still have seats available,”
the hallways be removed by Monday, April 14th. the attendant said with a ②reassuring smile.
Please note that not ④following this may result Nathan exchanged his old ticket for a new one,
in penalties. We appreciate your cooperation in his worries melting away. ③Settled into his seat,
maintaining a safe environment. he let out a deep breath, feeling the tension in
1. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 ①~④중 어법상 어색한 것을 모두 his shoulders ④ease as the train began to move.
바르게 고치시오. 10. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 ①~④중 어법상 어색한 것을 모두
①to keep 바르게 고치시오.
②left ①Confusing
③are placed ②reassuring
④following ③Settled
④ease

2. 윗글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① To notify that a fine has been imposed due to 11. 윗글의 내용을 다음과 같이 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸
violation of fire safety regulations (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 적절한 것을 본문에서 찾아 쓰시
② To inform that unattended personal items have 오. (필요시 어형 변화시킬 것)
been discarded Nathan mistakenly (A) a train on the wrong
③ To request the removal of personal belongings day but was relieved when the attendant kindly
left in the hallway helped him (B) his ticket.
④ To provide guidance on evacuation procedures in (A)
the event of a fire (B)
⑤ To inform about the proper disposal methods for
small furniture

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2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제

[20] [21]
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Fans who are inclined to spend a lot of time The concept of ecosystem states should be
thinking about what athletes (A) them as familiar to anyone with a home vegetable garden.
fans should also think about the corresponding The garden is a small ecosystem ①that the
obligations that fans might have as fans. One who grower attempts to keep in a specific state,
thinks only about what they are entitled to receive namely the maximization of fruit and vegetable
from their friends without ever giving a moment’s production. To achieve this, the grower is almost
thought to what they owe their friends is, to put always ②intervening in the dynamics of the
it mildly, not a very good friend. Similarly, fans ecosystem; they remove unwanted plants that
who only think about what athletes owe them
begin to grow and perhaps spray insecticides and
without ever thinking about what they owe to
fence off the patch ③to stop insects and other
athletes have (B) to take the fan/athlete
animals from consuming the vegetables. Since
relationship all that seriously. As in nearly every
maximizing vegetable growth is an inherently
other area of human life, whatever special rights
unstable state for the ecosystem, the grower is
fans may possess are (C) by a corresponding
set of obligations, and fans who never think about effectively keeping the ball on a slope. If the
how they can be better fans even as they grower stops ④to intervene, even for a day, the
confidently opine about what athletes owe them ecosystem, that small patch of ground, will
are hardly (D) their end of the bargain. naturally begin to shift to a more stable state.
20. 윗글의 빈칸(A)~(D)에 들어갈 적절한 어휘를 <보기> Vegetables may still grow, but yield will almost
에서 찾아 한 단어로 쓰시오. (단, 필요시 어법과 문맥에 certainly be lower as other plants crowd out the
맞게 단어 형태를 바꿀 수 있음) vegetables and wildlife consume the produce.
22. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 ①~④중 어법상 어색한 것을 모
<보기>
두 바르게 고치시오.
fail, limit, owe, fulfill
①that
(A)
②intervening
(B)
③to stop
(C)
④to intervene
(D)

21. 윗글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

① Fans should think about what athletes owe them 23. 윗글의 제목을 <조건>에 맞게 영어로 완성하여 쓰시

and also what they owe athletes. 오.

② The passage argues that fans are expected to have 1. <보기>에 주어진 어구를 모두 사용할 것
any obligations toward athletes. 2. <보기>에 주어진 어구 이외의 단어를 추가하지 말 것
③ The text compares selfish fans to people who 3. 단 주어진 단어의 형태를 변형하지 말 것
don’t fulfill their responsibilities as fans toward <보기> Resisting, Human Efforts, Unstable States,
athletes. to, Ecosystems, Maintain,
④ Fans who don’t consider their obligations are
criticized.
⑤ Special rights for fans come with their fandom.

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2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제

[22] [23]
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Commitment is the glue holding together If the brain has already stored someone’s face
characteristically human forms of social life. and name, why do we still end up remembering
Commitments make individuals’ behavior one and not the other? This is because the brain
predictable in the face of fluctuations in their has something of a two-tier memory system at
desires and interests, thereby facilitating the work when it comes to retrieving memories, and
planning and coordination of joint actions this gives rise to a common yet infuriating
involving multiple agents. Moreover, commitments
sensation: recognising someone, but not being able
make people willing to perform actions that they
to remember how or why, or what their name is.
would not otherwise perform.
This happens because the brain differentiates
(A)
between familiarity and recall. To clarify,
Indeed, the taxi driver and the construction
familiarity (or recognition) is when you encounter
worker are willing to accept money as payment
someone or something and you know you’ve done
only because a network of other agents (notably
so before. But beyond that, you’ve got nothing;
the central bank) is committed to taking various
all you can say is this person/thing is already in
measures to sustain the currency in question.
(B) your memories. Recall is when you can access
the original memory of how and why you know
Thus, social objects and institutions such as jobs,
this person; recognition is just flagging up the
money, government, scientific collaborations and
marriage depend for their origin and stability upon fact that the memory exists.
47. 윗글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
the credibility of commitments.
① The brain stores both names and faces; however,
(C)
it may not retrieve them equally due to different
For example, a taxi driver picks up his clients
memory processes.
and transports them to their desired destination
② Recall allows access to specific memories, while
because they are committed to paying him
recognition only signals familiarity.
afterwards for the service, and a construction
③ Recognizing someone without remembering their
worker performs her job every day because her
employer has made a credible commitment to pay name is a common phenomenon caused by brain
her at the end of the month. function.
34. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은? ④ Recognition requires retrieving the full memory of
① (A) - (C) - (B) a person’s background.
② (B) - (A) - (C) ⑤ The frustration of knowing a face but forgetting a
③ (B) - (C) - (A) name stems from the separation of familiarity and
④ (C) - (B) - (A) recall.
⑤ (C) - (A) - (B)

35. 윗글의 요지를 다음과 같이 쓸 때 빈칸 (A),(B)에 들

어갈 말로 가장 적절한 단어를 영어로 각각 쓰시오.
Trust in (A) forms and sustains the structure
of (B) .

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2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제

[24] [25]
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. 58. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Since their start in the early 1950s U.S. television

sitcoms have charted many of the social conflicts
in U.S. society: civil rights, women’s rights in the
home and in the workplace, children’s rights,
immigration and multiculturalism, as well as
evolving conceptions of the family. Each of these
issues has been addressed through humour in a
way that has helped to make more progressive
values more acceptable than previously. Often a
character, usually someone marked as a bigot,
resisted one or more of these developments and The graph above shows the percentages of the
was then made to appear ridiculous. They were primary reasons for E-bike purchase in five
cut down either through their own stupidity, a European countries in 2022. ①In Germany, the
brief scolding from others, or both. In this way, percentage of commute to work accounted for the
the humour of sitcoms acted as a cost-effective lowest percentage of reasons for E-bike purchase,
means to encourage acceptance of a more which was also the case in the Austria and
pluralistic and tolerant society. Belgium. ②In Austria, the percentage of sporting
55. 윗글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? activity was the highest at 41%, which was two
① U.S. sitcoms began in the 1950s and have times higher than that of commute to work. ③
depicted issues like civil rights and Switzerland was the only country where the
multiculturalism. percentage of recreational purpose was below
② Characters resisting social change were often 30%. ④The gap between the percentage of
made to look foolish and were sometimes recreational purpose and that of sporting activity
scolded. was smaller in Germany than in the Netherlands.
③ Sitcoms used humor and ridicule to promote ⑤The Netherlands and Belgium showed the same
tolerance. ranking order for reasons for E-bike purchase,
④ Sitcoms have reinforced traditional family and where recreational purpose ranked first, followed
gender roles. by commute to work, while sporting activity
⑤ Sitcoms served as a cost-effective way to promote ranked lowest.
social acceptance.

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2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제

[26] [27]
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. 67. Casting Call for Movie Extras에 관한 다음 안내문
Friedrich Mohs, a well-known mineralogist, ①was 의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

born on January 29, 1773, in Gernrode, Germany. Casting Call for Movie Extras
He displayed a marked interest in science at an
early age. He studied chemistry, mathematics, and Step into the world of cinema and become an
physics at the University of Halle and also ② extra in an exciting upcoming movie!
studied mineralogy at the Mining Academy. In his Filming Time: Sunday, April 20th, 2025, 8 a.m. -
late twenties, he went to Austria and ③classified 4 p.m.
minerals by their physical attributes. This new Place: At the Golden Film Production Studio
classification system of his led to conflicts with Scenes
many mineralogists who ④followed the ∙ Chatting in a hallway
conventional methods. In 1812, Mohs was ∙ Dining at a restaurant
appointed Professor of Mineralogy at the Payment: $100 (Lunch provided)
Joanneum, ⑤which he developed the Mohs Scale Who Can Apply
of Mineral Hardness. Mohs ended his remarkable ∙ Applicants must be 18 years or older.
career at the Mining University in Leoben and ∙ Applicants with previous acting experience will
died at the age of 66 in Italy. be given priority.
62. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 ①~⑤중 어법상 어색한 것을 모 How to Apply:
두 바르게 고치시오. Email the application to [email protected]
①was by Thursday, April 10th, 2025.
②studied ① The filming will take place on Sunday, April
③classified 20th, 2025, at the Golden Film Production Studio.
④followed ② The application deadline is Thursday, April 10th,
⑤which 2025.
③ Extras will be paid $100 and provided with
lunch.
63. Friedrich Mohs에 대한 윗글의 내용과 일치하지 않 ④ Applicants must be at least 16 years old.
는 것은? ⑤ Applicants with previous acting experience will
① He studied physics at the University of Halle and receive priority.
mineralogy at the Mining Academy.
② He developed his hardness scale while studying at
the University of Halle.
③ His system caused disagreement among traditional
mineralogists.
④ He died in Italy at the age of 66.
⑤ He held a professorship in mineralogy and
worked in Austria.

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2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제

[28] [29]
71. Bearford Eco Fashion Workshop에 관한 다음 안내 ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
The prominence of the social dimension in food
Bearford Eco Fashion Workshop writing might suggest ①that the flavor of food is
taking a back seat. I suspect that most people
Join us for the hands-on event to make a special view flavor as of secondary importance in social
fashion item using old clothing of yours. settings ②which food is served. Although our
When: Saturday, April 12th (9 a.m. - 11 a.m.) social gatherings coalesce around food, the
Where: Bearford City Hall meaning of these gatherings does not seem to
Registration: April 1st to 5th, only on depend on flavor. Flavor assists with the narrow
our website purpose of filling the belly, and once that is
Entry Fee: $5 (12 years and under are free) accomplished ③which provides the backdrop for
Programs whatever social dynamics characterize the
∙ Listen to a special lecture on sustainable gathering. These can be understood ④independent
fashion trends. of the flavor of the food on offer, the
∙ Learn to make an eco-friendly bag using old appreciation of which is understood to be personal
clothing. and subjective. According to this conventional
Note: You need to bring your own old clothing wisdom, the ceremonies and rituals around food,
large enough to make a bag. (Other materials the social events that supply food with its
will be provided.) meaning, do not depend on the quality of
① It will be held on Saturday morning. sensations ⑤are provided by the food. To focus
② Registration is available starting from April 1st. excessively on flavor is to miss the larger
③ Children aged 12 and under can join for free. significance of these (A) relations.
④ Participants will learn how to make a bag using
74. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 ①~⑤중 어법상 어색한 것을 모
old clothing. 두 바르게 고치시오.
⑤ There will be a special lecture on latest fashion ①that
trend. ②which
③which
④independent
⑤are provided

75. 빈칸(A)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① social
② personal
③ emotional
④ historical
⑤ nutritional

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2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제

[30] [31]
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

There are reasons why science is not fully trusted The explosion of popular music in the second
and why healthy skepticism and critical thinking half of the twentieth century as well as the global
are essential. In spite of professional standards, circulation and dissemination of music by the
claims of objectivity, and the peer review process, creative industries propelled a new understanding
the conduct of science can be biased. All experts of accessibility in relation to music. ①This led to
are not the same, ①nor they submit their work to specific genres such as skiffle, but also, more
the same scrutiny. Knowing the source of funding
generally, reflected a much more relaxed and
can be important in evaluating scientific claims.
inclusive attitude to music making. ②While
For example, the Harvard researchers who made
ordinary people had always sung and made music,
claims in the late 1960s about the problems with
the popular music movement was driven by a
dietary fat, ②led the nation away from perceiving
spirit of rebellion and freedom. ③This approach
sugar as one of the main causes in health
problems, were funded in part by the sugar led to the punk movement, whose musicians even
industry. The authors did not reveal their funding made it a condition for their music to be
source to the New England Journal of Medicine, non-virtuosic and accessible to all in the 1970s.
where their influential article appeared. Their ④Groups who had been entirely excluded from
article shaped a generation of changes in eating music revelled in opportunities to create. ⑤This
patterns ③that appears to have foastered higher led to a sense of novelty and empowerment in
use of sugar, now widely implicated as a source and beyond the music sphere.
of the rise in obesity and diabetes. Stories such 96. 글의 흐름상 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한
as this one fuel suspicion — but also ④lead to 곳은?
further safeguards in the scientific process. Suddenly, in the 1950s, anyone could pick up
Funding disclosures, although not required five spoons, a couple of pans, a second-hand guitar
decades ago, ⑤have since been made compulsory.
and start a band.
83. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 ①~⑤중 어법상 어색한 것을 모
두 바르게 고치시오.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
①nor
②led
③that
④lead 97. 윗글의 내용을 다음과 같이 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸
⑤have (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 적절한 것을 본문에서 찾아 쓰시
오. (필요시 어형 변화시킬 것)

The rise of (A) in the twentieth

84. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
century promoted (B) , empowering people
① Impact of Scientific Claims on the Public
with a(an) (C) and inclusive spirit of
② Partiality in the Allocation of Scientific Funding
music making.
③ How to Overcome Scientific Bias : Peer Review
(A)
④ Why Funding Transparency Matters in Research
(B)
⑤ Healthy Skepticism Toward Commercial Ads
(C)

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[32] [33]
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Great scientists are seldom one-hit wonders. When we realize we’ve said something in error
Newton is a prime example: beyond the and we pause to go back to correct it, we stop
Newtonian mechanics, he developed the theory of gesturing a couple of hundred milliseconds before
gravitation, calculus, laws of motion, and we stop speaking.
optimization. In fact, well-known scientists are (A)
often involved in multiple discoveries, a When people are prevented from gesturing, they
phenomenon potentially explained by the Matthew talk less fluently; their speech becomes halting
effect. Indeed, an initial success may offer a because their hands are no longer able to supply
scientist legitimacy, improve peer perception, them with the next word, and the next.
provide knowledge of how to score and win, (B)
enhance social status, and attract resources and Not being able to gesture has other deleterious
quality collaborators, each of these payoffs further effects: without gesture to help our mental
increasing her odds of scoring another win. Yet, processes along, we remember less useful
there is an appealing alternative explanation: Great information, we solve problems less well, and we
scientists have multiple hits and consistently are less able to explain our thinking. Far from
succeed in their scientific endeavors simply tagging along as speech’s clumsy companion,
because they’re exceptionally talented. Therefore, gesture represents the leading edge of our thought.
future success again goes to those who have had (C)
success earlier, not because of advantages offered
Such sequences suggest the startling notion that
by the previous success, but because the earlier
our hands “know” what we’re going to say before
success was indicative of a hidden talent. The
our conscious minds do, and in fact this is often
Matthew effect posits that success alone increases
the case. Gesture can mentally prime a word so
the future probability of success, raising the
that the right term comes to our lips.
question: Does status dictate outcomes, or does it 114. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은?
simply reflect an underlying talent or quality? In ① (A) - (C) - (B)
other words, is there really a Matthew effect after ② (B) - (A) - (C)
all? ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
107. 윗글의 내용을 다음과 같이 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 ④ (C) - (B) - (A)
(A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 적절한 것을 본문에서 찾아 쓰시
⑤ (C) - (A) - (B)
오. (필요시 어형 변화시킬 것)

The passage explores whether repeated scientific 115. 윗글의 주제를 <조건>에 맞게 영어로 완성하여 쓰
success results from the (A) effect or 시오.
reflects innate exceptional (B) . 1. <보기>에 주어진 어구를 모두 사용할 것
(A) 2. <보기>에 주어진 어구 이외의 단어를 추가하지 말 것
(B) 3. 단 주어진 단어의 형태를 변형하지 말 것
<보기> are, processing, an essential part, gestures,
of, cognitive,

8
2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제

[34] [35]
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Despite the difference between the past and the Dictionaries are relatively good resources for
future, between what has happened and what is to anyone interested in finding out what a word
come, it can be suggested, that 과거에 대한 우리의 means. Using one set of words to (A)
인식이 항상 미래에 대한 우리의 관점에 의해 영향을 another word is called a lexical definition. But
받아 왔다. Revolutionaries have always looked to
it’s important to understand the limits of
the past to frame their future cause, as is amply
dictionary definitions. More often than not, a
illustrated by examples from nationalism to
definition in a dictionary (B) readers to
communism. The future has often been seen as
have a fairly robust understanding of the language
variously a recovery of a lost time, as a
already at their disposal. In other words, a
replication of what is established, or as a model
bequeathed by a heroic age long gone. The dictionary (C) in many cases as a
writing of history is based on understanding or cross-reference or translator between words one
explaining future outcomes that were not known knows and words that one doesn’t yet know.
to contemporaries, since the historian has the Even the most obscure words in a dictionary, say,
benefit of hindsight and the past is nothing more for example, “pulchritudinous” or “kalokagathia,”
than the accumulation of futures that are now our must be (D) using words that the reader
past. So, rather than see the hand of the past already knows and understands. Otherwise, the
always shaping the future, perhaps it can be seen dictionary isn’t very helpful.
in reverse, with the past — in the sense of our 138. 윗글의 빈칸(A)~(D)에 들어갈 적절한 어휘를 <보
understanding of it — being shaped by our 기>에서 찾아 한 단어로 쓰시오. (단, 필요시 어법과 문
orientation to the future. 맥에 맞게 단어 형태를 바꿀 수 있음)
127. 밑줄 친 문장과 의미가 맞도록 주어진 단어를 적절
<보기>
히 배열하시오.
function, define, define, require
our sense, of the future, by, our view, of,
(A)
the past, has always been influenced,
(B)
(C)
(D)

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2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제

[36] [37]
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

The governments of virtually every country on the Stress not only affects physical disease but also
planet attach great importance to achieving food the very structure of our brains, making us even
security and a wide variety of mechanisms have more likely to experience a drained brain. A
been developed to realize this goal. The first number of studies have been done to reveal what
issue governments face in achieving national food happens in healthy people’s brains when they go
security is the problem of insuring that adequate through something stressful. ①One study
demonstrated a link between a smaller
amounts of food are available to the resident
hippocampus and people who had experienced
population. Some governments have set goals of
long-lasting stress. ②Why does this matter? ③
food self-sufficiency, which means most if not all
This part of the brain helps you remain resilient
of the food available in a country comes from the
in the face of stress and is involved in mood
domestic farming system. (A) , food
regulation. ④It does all these things as part of its
security does not require food self-sufficiency duties of regulating your sympathetic and
because countries can import food items not easily parasympathetic nervous systems. ⑤But chronic
produced within the country. Agricultural products stress can confuse the hippocampus and lead to
are, after all, highly sensitive to climatic, soil and turning signals for cortisol “on” instead of “off,”
other conditions that tend to vary around the which can trap you in a constant state of fight,
world. Even countries with extremely productive flight, or freeze.
agricultural sectors are not fully self-sufficient in 152. 글의 흐름상 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한
곳은?
all food items. (B) , the United States
depends on imports for its supply of coffee, tea, It also helps you to monitor the safety of your
bananas and other tropical products. In general, environment and store dangerous images in your
the problem of assuring adequate food supplies is long-term memory so you can avoid them in the
solved by relying on both domestic production future.
and imports.
145. 윗글의 흐름으로 보아 밑줄 친 (A), (B)에 들어갈 연 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤
결사로 바른 것은?

(A) (B)
① However Nevertheless 153. 윗글의 주제를 <조건>에 맞게 영어로 완성하여 쓰
시오.
② However For example
1. <보기>에 주어진 어구를 모두 사용할 것
③ For example However
2. <보기>에 주어진 어구 이외의 단어를 추가하지 말 것
④ For example Therefore
3. 단 주어진 단어의 형태를 변형하지 말 것
⑤ In other words Likewise
<보기>the brain's, chronic stress, and functioning,
alters, physical structure,

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2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제

[38] [39]
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

It is important to recognize that although science As a general rule, it’s better if your definition
is a rule-based procedure, it is very much a corresponds as closely as possible to the way ①
creative process. A conjecture is a philosophical in which the term is ordinarily used in the kinds
invention, cooked up rather mystically by the of debates to which your claims are pertinent. (A)
mind through the mental computation we call there will be occasions where it is
careful contemplation. However, until the appropriate, even necessary, to coin special
hypothesis is tested against reality, it is not yet usesthrough ②that philosophers call stimulative
truly knowledge; it is just information that definition. This would be the case ③which the
represents speculation. 지식은 자신의 유용성을 입증 current lexicon is not able to make distinctions
한 정보이다. It is what is left over after cycles of that you think are philosophically important. For
experimental testing have eliminated false theories. example, we do not have a term in ordinary
As scientists continually test their hypotheses and language ④that describes a memory that is not
modify their models to account for new and necessarily a memory of something the person
surprising data, a kind of “learning loop” emerges having it has experienced. (B) , such a
that statisticians call Bayesian updating. Based on thing would occur if I could somehow share your
Bayes’ Rule, developed by eighteenth-century memories: I would have a memory-type
English statistician and philosopher Thomas Bayes, experience, but this would not be of something
Bayesian updating refers to a mathematical that I had actually experienced. To call this a
process whereby an accepted theory or predictive memory would be misleading. For this reason,
model gets increasingly accurate through the philosophers have coined the special term
repetitive testing of competing variants of that ‘quasi-memory’ ⑤to refer to these hypothetical
theory. memory-like experiences.
162. 윗글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? 164. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 ①~⑤중 어법상 어색한 것을 모
① Science involves both creativity and rules. 두 바르게 고치시오.
② Knowledge is confirmed only after testing and ①in which
eliminating false theories. ②that
③ Bayesian updating is a process based on Bayes’ ③which
Rule. ④that
④ Thomas Bayes was a 19th-century physicist. ⑤to refer
⑤ A learning loop emerges when scientists revise
theories based on new data.

165. 윗글의 흐름으로 보아 밑줄 친 (A), (B)에 들어갈 연

163. 밑줄 친 문장과 의미가 맞도록 주어진 단어를 적절
결사로 바른 것은?
히 배열하시오.
(A) (B)
knowledge, information, that, is, its usefulness, ① For example In addition
has demonstrated,
② For example However
③ In addition Therefore
④ However For example
⑤ However In other words

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2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제

[40]
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Quite often the interaction between groups ①is

socially unequal, and this is reflected in the fact
that in many cases borrowing of words or
constructions goes mostly or entirely in one
direction, from the more powerful or prestigious
group to the less ②favored one. The languages of
socially subordinated groups may from quite an
early period of contact provide terminology for
objects or practices ③which speakers of the more
powerful group were previously unfamiliar, but
the effects of contact in that direction may not
progress any further than this. In some cases, as
with the Dharug language of Sydney, Australia,
the source of some of the earliest loans from
Indigenous Australian languages into English, the
fate of the language system is extinction after the
obliteration of many of its speakers. The
remainder shifted to varieties of English, the
language of the people who had suppressed ④
them.
172. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 ①~④중 어법상 어색한 것을 모
두 바르게 고치시오.
①is
②favored
③which
④them

173. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① The Two-Way Flow of Words
② Language Reform through Cultural Contact
③ Power and Inequality in Language Borrowing
④ Revival of Indigenous Languages Through Word
Borrowing
⑤ Mutual Language Enrichment in Every Contact
Situation

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2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제
38. 4
[정답] 39. 1
40. 2
1. ③placed 41. ②retrieving
2. 3 42. 1
3. ③be removed / should be removed 43. 2
4. (A)remove (B)fire safety regulations 44. (A)differentiates (B)recognize
5. we request that any personal items placed in the 45. 4
hallways be removed by Monday 46. Difference between familiarity and recall in
6. 5 memory retrieval
7. (A)keep (B)serve (C)ensure (D)result 47. 4
8. ③melting 48. (A)Recall (B)Familiarity (C)Retrieving
9. 5 49. ②has been addressed ④acted
10. ①Confused ③Settling 50. 5
11. (A)boarded (B)exchange 51. ③resisted
12. (A)Sunday (B)Saturday 52. (A)Sitcoms (B)humor
13. (A)realized (B)approached (C)exchanged (D)ease 53. 2
14. ②what ③have failed 54. Sitcoms as Mirrors of American Progress
15. 2 55. 4
16. ②what ④are limited 56. 3
17. (A)athletes (B)owe 57. the humour of sitcoms acted as a cost-effective
18. 4 means to encourage acceptance of a more
19. (A)responsibilities / obligations (B)athletes pluralistic and tolerant society.
20. (A)owe (B)failed (C)limited (D)fulfilling 58. 1
21. 5 59. 3
22. ④intervening 60. 4
23. Ecosystems Resisting Human Efforts to Maintain 61. 5
Unstable States 62. ⑤where
24. ③that 63. 2
25. (A)intervention (B)unstable (C)stable 64. 4
26. 3 65. (A)classification system (B)Mohs Scale
27. (A)unstable (B)stable 66. 2
28. 4 67. 4
29. (A)Stability (B)Intervention 68. 5
30. ③paying 69. 2
31. 1 70. 4
32. ③to pay ⑤depend 71. 5
33. (A)commitments (B)institutions 72. 5
34. 5 73. 1
35. (A)commitments (B)society 74. ②where ③it ④independently ⑤provided
36. Commitment is the glue holding together 75. 1
characteristically human forms of social life. 76. 3
37. 3 77. 1

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2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제
78. 5 116. 3
79. (A)flavor (B)secondary 117. (A)anticipate / predict
80. 2 118. gesture represents the leading edge of our
81. Social dynamics outweigh flavor in thought.
food-centered gatherings 119. (A)prime (B)halting (C)gesture (D)represents
82. (A)coalesce (B)assists (C)characterize (D)depend 120. ③bequeathed
83. ①nor do ②leading 121. 2
84. 4 122. ①what ②what
85. ①were funded ④required 123. (A)past (B)future
86. (A)skepticism (B)funding 124. 4
87. 3 125. Influence of future perspectives on historical
88. The necessity of transparency and funding interpretations
disclosure in research 126. 1,3
89. 4 127. our sense of the past has always been
90. 3 influenced by our view of the future.
91. 1 128. (A)influenced (B)frame (C)based (D)shaping
92. Knowing the source of funding can be 129. ①what ②is called
important in evaluating scientific claims. 130. 3,5
93. (A)funding (B)bias 131. 2
94. ②reflected ④whose 132. (A)words (B)reader (C)definitions
95. 2 133. 2
96. 1 134. Lexical definitions use known words to explain
97. (A)popular music (B)accessibility (C)rebellious new ones
98. 5 135. 3
99. 2 136. 2
100. The rise of popular music led to greater 137. (A)Dictionary (B)prior / previous
accessibility and inclusivity in music-making 138. (A)define (B)requires (C)functions (D)defined
101. (A)non-virtuosic 139. ②comes ④is
102. ②increasing ④because of 140. 4
103. 1 141. ①have been developed ②which
104. 3 142. (A)domestic (B)imports (C)self-sufficiency
105. 2,5 143. 4
106. 2 144. Food security achieved by combining domestic
107. (A)Matthew (B)talent agriculture with international imports
108. 5 145. 2
109. 1 146. 2
110. ②what 147. (A)face (B)comes (C)vary (D)assuring
111. 2 148. ⑤which
112. ①speaking 149. 2
113. (A)Gesture (B)speech 150. ③is involved ④them
114. 5 151. 4
115. Gestures are an essential part of cognitive 152. 4
processing 153. Chronic stress alters the brain's physical

14
2025년 3월 더변형문제 고2 변형문제
structure and functioning.
154. 2
155. (A)Long-lasting (B)hippocampus (C)trapping
156. ②what
157. 3
158. ②have eliminated ④whereby / by which
159. (A)creative (B)knowledge (C)Bayesian updating
160. 2
161. (A)creative (B)rule-based
162. 4
163. Knowledge is information that has
demonstrated its usefulness.
164. ②what ③where
165. 4
166. ②philosophically ③having
167. 1
168. 2
169. (A)Stimulative definitions (B)distinctions
170. 3
171. 3
172. ③with which
173. 3
174. ①goes ②provide
175. (A)inequality (B)extinction (C)subordinate
176. 4
177. (A)borrowing (B)inequality
178. Borrowing tends to move from dominant to
subordinate languages
179. ①in which ④having
180. 2
181. 4
182. ③were
183. (A)electric power (B)private
184. (A) bankruptcy
185. Factory reluctance to outsource power to
central stations
186. ③where
187. 4
188. (A)passion (B)perfection
189. ③successfully ④herself
190. (A)perfect (B)passion
191. What matters is doing my best, not being
perfect

15