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Non-Judicial Remedies and EU
Administration

The increasing number of executive tasks assigned to EU institutions and agencies

has resulted in a greater demand for justice that can no longer be satisfied by the
courts alone. This has led to the development of a wide range of administrative
remedies that have become a central part of the EU administrative justice system.
This book examines the important theoretical and practical issues raised by this
phenomenon.
The work focuses on five administrative remedies: internal review; administrative
appeals to the Commission against decisions of executive and decentralised
agencies; independent administrative review of decisions of decentralised agencies;
complaints to the EU Ombudsman; and complaints to the EU Data Protection
Supervisor. The research rests on the idea that there is a complex, and at times
ambivalent, relationship between administrative remedies and the varying
degrees of autonomy of EU institutions and bodies, offices and agencies. The
work draws on legislation, internal rules of executive bodies, administrative
practices and specific case law, data and statistics. This empirical approach helps to
unveil the true dynamics present within these procedures and demonstrates that
whilst administrative remedies may improve the relationship between individuals
and the EU administration, their interplay with administrative autonomy might
lead to a risk of fragmentation and incoherence in the EU administrative justice
system.

Paola Chirulli is Professor of Italian and European administrative law at the

University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’.

Luca De Lucia is Professor of Italian and European administrative law at the

University of Salerno.
Non-Judicial Remedies and
EU Administration
Protection of Rights versus Preservation
of Autonomy

Paola Chirulli and Luca De Lucia

First published 2021
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2021 Paola Chirulli and Luca De Lucia
The right of Paola Chirulli and Luca De Lucia to be identified as
authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with
sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Chirulli, Paola, author. | De Lucia, Luca, author.
Title: Non-judicial remedies and EU administration : protection of rights
versus preservation of autonomy / Paola Chirulli and Luca de Lucia.
Other titles: Non-judicial remedies and European Union administration
Description: Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. |
Series: Routledge-giappichelli studies in law | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020035528 (print) | LCCN 2020035529 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780367182380 (hardback) | ISBN 9780429060243 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Administrative remedies—European Union countries. |
Administrative procedure—European Union countries. | European Ombudsman. |
Judicial review of administrative acts—European Union countries.
Classification: LCC KJE5607 .C45 2021 (print) | LCC KJE5607
(ebook) | DDC 347.24/077—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020035528
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020035529
ISBN: 978-0-367-18238-0 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-06024-3 (ebk)
Giappichelli ISBN: 9788892135895
Typeset in Galliard
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
This book is based on research funded by the University of Rome
‘La Sapienza’, Department of Economics and Law and the University
of Salerno, Department of Political Science and Communication.
Contents

Table of casesix
Table of legislationxv
Table of abbreviationsxxii

Introduction 1
1 Reasons behind the research 1
2 Types of remedies 2
3 Methodology and research goals 5
4 Structure of the book 8

I Administrative remedies and the autonomy of

EU administrations 9
1 Administrative remedies and the direct execution
of EU law 9
2 The autonomy of EU administrations: a brief outline 12
2.1 Legislation, accountability and bureaucracy 13
2.2 The role of the EU judiciary 17
3 The autonomy of EU administrations and disputes
with private parties 18
4 Administrative remedies and models of administration 20
4.1 ‘Implementation’ and ‘adjudication’ 21
4.2 Completion of the conceptual framework 24
5 Classification of administrative remedies vis-à-vis EU
administrations 25
6 Clarifications on the investigation criteria 29
7 The autonomy of EU administrations and administrative
remedies 30

II Internal review 34
1 Introduction 34
2 Rules and practices 36
vi Contents
2.1 Proceedings of general application 36
2.2 Proceedings of specific application: examples 38
2.3 Internal review of technical and scientific assessments: examples 43
2.4 Internal review under the Aarhus Regulation 45
2.5 Special cases 48
3 Convergences: structural and functional profiles 51
4 Internal review and the Lisbon Treaty 55
4.1 Article 298 TFEU and Article 41(2) CFR: effectiveness
and efficacy of internal review 55
4.2 Article 47 CFR: right of access to justice and internal
review 59
5 An alternative model for internal review: the functions of
Hearing Officers in EU competition law 65
6 Internal review and the autonomy of EU administrations 67

III Appeals to the Commission against decisions of EU agencies 72

1 Introduction 72
2 Rules and practices 74
2.1 Decentralised agencies 74
2.2 Executive agencies 78
3 Origins and distinctive features of the appeal to the
Commission 81
3.1 Development of the institutional context 81
3.2 Features of the remedy 84
4 Article 263(5) TFEU and administrative remedies against
the acts of agencies 88
4.1 Origin and meaning 88
4.2 A judicial interpretation 90
4.3 Clarifications 92
5 Current state of the appeal to the Commission 94
5.1 Decentralised agencies 94
5.2 Executive agencies 98
6 The appeal to the Commission and the autonomy of EU
agencies 100

IV Administrative review before the EU agencies’ Boards of Appeal 103

1 Boards of Appeal: types and constitutional basis 103
2 Distinctive features of EU Boards of Appeal 107
3 The quasi-judicial nature of Boards of Appeal 112
4 Proceedings before Boards of Appeal 115
4.1 Standing and entitled parties 116
 Contents vii
4.2 Terms, conditions and procedures for lodging appeals;
decisions subject to appeal 118
4.3 Effects of the appeal 122
4.4 Appeal proceedings 124
5 Scope and intensity of the review before EU agencies’ Boards of
Appeal 128
5.1 The notice of appeal and the decision-making powers of
Boards of Appeal 130
5.2 Questions of law and fact 133
5.3 Review of technical issues and substitutive powers: between
adjudication and implementation 136
6 Boards of Appeal, protection of private interests and autonomy
of agencies 146

V Complaints to the European Ombudsman 157

1 Constitutional basis and distinctive features 157
2 The complaint 164
2.1 Admissibility requirements 164
2.2 Content and issues that can be raised 169
3 The Ombudsman’s scope and investigative powers 172
4 Quality and intensity of review: beyond legality 173
5 Type and effects of decisions: adjudication, implementation
and regulation 178
6 The Ombudsman’s powers and the autonomy of European
administrations 185

VI Administrative remedies and personal data processing 190

1 Introduction 190
2 Complaints to the European Data Protection Supervisor 193
2.1 The complaint procedure 193
2.2 Functional and factual aspects 196
2.3 Complaints to the EDPS and administrative
autonomy 200
3 Administrative protection vis-à-vis Europol personal data
processing 202
3.1 The Europol Decision and appeals to the Joint Supervisory
Body 203
3.2 The Europol Regulation and complaints to the EDPS 207
4 The evolution of Eurojust within the EU data protection
system 209
viii Contents
4.1 Appeals before the Joint Supervisory Body. Regulation,
cases and problems 213
4.2 The 2018 Eurojust Regulation and prospects for personal
data protection 216
5 Conclusions 219

VII Accountability, transformative tensions and the need for

constitutionalisation 221
1 Introduction 221
2 Administrative remedies and the accountability of EU
administrations 222
2.1 Administrative remedies and the emergence of disputes in
EU law 222
2.2 Political direction and control 224
2.3 Bureaucratic control 227
3 Administrative remedies and EU courts 230
3.1 Administrative remedies and access to judicial
review 232
3.2 Administrative and judicial protection, between
‘separation’ and ‘contamination’ 238
3.3 The influence of EU courts on the administrations’
autonomy in resolving conflicts with private parties 244
4 Tensions and possible developments 249
4.1 Internal review and the influence of New Public
Management 249
4.2 The Boards of Appeal within EU agencies 252
4.3 Administrative remedies provided for in the Treaty 256
5 Administrative remedies and the uncertainty regarding the
rights of private parties 258
6 Towards the constitutionalisation of administrative
remedies 260
6.1 The problem 260
6.2 A possible role for the legislature 261
6.3 The role of the CJEU and legal scholarship 264

Index267
Cases

Court of Justice
case 9/56 Meroni v High Authority EU:C:1958:7
case 10/56 Meroni v High Authority EU:C:1958:8
case 58/75 Sergy v Commission EU:C:1976:102
case 33/79 Kuhner v Commission EU:C:1980:139
case 101/79 Vecchioli v Commission EU:C:1980:243
case 34/80 Authié v Commission EU:C:1981:57
case 98/80 Romano EU:C:1981:104
case 294/83 Parti écologiste ‘Les Verts’ v European Parliament EU:C:1986:166
case 133/88 Del Amo Martinez v Parliament EU:C:1989:124
joined cases 41 and 178/88 Becker and Starquit v European Parliament
EU:C:1989:369
C-404/92 P X v Commission EU:C:1994:361
C-234/02 P European Ombudsman v Frank Lamberts EU:C:2004:174
C-106/03 P Vedial SA v OHIM EU:C:2004:611
C-123/03 P Commission v Greencore Group plc EU:C:2004:783
C-160/03 Kingdom of Spain v Eurojust EU:C:2005:168
C-29/05 P OHIM v Kaul EU:C:2007:162
C-167/06 P Komninou v Commission EU:C:2007:633
C-362/08 P Internationaler Hilfsfonds v Commission EU:C:2010:40
C-580/08 P Srinivasan v EU Ombudsman EU:C:2009:402
C-38/09 P CPVO v Schräder EU:C:2013:679
C-362/09 P Athinaïki Techniki AE v Commission EU:C:2010:492, Opinion
of AG Bot
C-263/09 P Edwin v OHIM EU:C:2011:452
C-534/10 P Brookfield and Elaris v CPVO EU:C:2012:813
C-53/11 P OHIM v Nike International EU:C:2012:27
C-610/11 P Centrotherm Systemtechnik v OHIM EU:C:2013:593
C-621/11 P New Yorker SHK Jeans v OHIM EU:C:2013:484
C-625/11 P PPG and SNF v ECHA EU:C:2013:594
C-270/12 United Kingdom v European Parliament EU:C:2014:18
x Cases
C-404 and 405/12 P Council of the European Union and Commission v Sticht-
ing Natuur and Others EU:C:2015:5
C-530/12 P OHIM v National Lottery Commission EU:C:2013:782, Opin-
ion of AG Bot
C-546/12 P Ralf Schräder v CPVO EU:C:2015:332, Opinion of AG
Sharpston EU:C:2014:2373
C-261/13 P Schönberger v European Parliament EU:C:2014:2423
C-290/13 P Rütgers v ECHA EU:C:2014:2174
C-43/15 P BSH v EUIPO EU:C:2016:837
C-61/15 P Heliflight GmbH v EASA EU:C:2016:59
C-226/15 P Apple and Pear Austria and Star Fruits Diffusion v EUIPO
EU:C:2016:582; Opinion of AG Bobek EU:C:2016:250
C-337/15 P European Ombudsman v Staelen EU:C:2017:253
C-577/15 P Capital OÜ v EBA EU:C:2016:947
C-625/15 P Schniga v CPVO EU:C:2017:435
C-73/16 Peter Puškár v Finančné riaditeľstvo Slovenskej republiky and Krim-
inálny úrad finančnej správy EU:C:2017:725; Opinion of AG Kokott
EU:C:2017:253
C-326/16 P LL v European Parliament EU:C:2018:83; Opinion of AG
Szpunar EU:C:2017:605
C-379/16 P European Dynamics Luxembourg SA and Others v EUIPO
EU:C:2016:905
C-82/17 P TestBioTech eV and Others v Commission EU:C:2019:719; Opin-
ion of AG Szpunar EU:C:2018:837
C-450/17 P Landeskreditbank Baden-Württemberg v ECB EU:C:2019:372
C-576/17 P(R)-R Wall Street Systems UK Ltd v ECB EU:C:2017:735
C-702/18 P ‘Primart’ v EUIPO EU:C:2019:1030, Opinion of AG Bobek
C-794/18 P Pracsis SPRL and Conceptexpo Project v EACEA EU:C:2019:305
C-71/19 P Barata v European Parliament EU:C:2019:793
C-444/19 P Kiku v CPVO EU:C:2019:746
C-577/19 P KID-Systeme GmbH v EUIPO EU:C:2019:854
C-614/19 P Porsche v EUIPO EU:C:2019:904
C-586/19 P L’Oréal v EUIPO EU:C:2019:845

General Court/Court of First Instance

T-121/89 and 13/90 X v Commission EU:T:1992:96
T-10/93 A v Commission EU:T:1994:39
T-148/97 Keeling v OHIM EU:T:1998:114
T-300/97 Latino v Commission EU:T:1999:328
T-163/98 Procter & Gamble v OHIM EU:T:1999:145
T-186/98 Inpesca v Commission EU:T:2001:42
T-5/99 Andriotis v Commission and Cedefop EU:T:2000:37
T-122/99 Procter & Gamble v OHIM EU:T:2000:39
T-189/99 Gerochristos v Commission EU:T:2001:12
 Cases xi
T-65/00 Ioannou v Council EU:T:2001:14
T-74, 76, 83, 84, 85, 132, 137 and 141/00 Artegodan v Commission EU:T:
2002:283
T-209/00 Lamberts v European Ombudsman EU:T:2002:94
T-47/01 Co-Frutta Soc. coop. v Commission EU:T:2003:272
T-63/01 Procter & Gamble v OHIM EU:T:2002:317
T-219/01 Commerzbank AG v Commission EU:T:2003:201
T-308/01 Henkel v OHIM EU:T:2003:241
T‑273/02 Krüger v OHIM EU:T:2005:134
T-308/02 SGL Carbon AG v Commission EU:T:2004:119
T-49/03 Schumann v Commission EU:T:2004:314
T-57/03 SPAG v OHIM EU:T:2005:29
T-110/03 Sison v Council EU:T:2005:143
T-112/03 L’Oréal v OHMI – Revlon EU:T:2005:102
T-133/03 Schering-Plough Ltd v Commission and EMEA EU:T:2007:365
T-198/03 Bank Austria Creditanstalt AG v Commission EU:T:2006:136
T-191/04 MIP Metro v OHMI – Tesco Stores EU:T:2006:254
T-252/04 Caviar Anzali v OHIM EU:T:2006:199
T-355 and 446/04 Co-Frutta Soc. coop. v Commission EU:T:2010:15
T-380/04 Terezakis v Commission EU:T:2008:19
T-474/04 Pergan Hilfsstoffe v Commission EU:T:2007:306
T-237/05 Éditions Odile Jacob SAS v Commission EU:T:2010:224
T-165/06 Fiorucci v OHMI – Edwin EU:T:2009:157
T-171/06 Laytoncrest v OHMI – Erico (TRENTON) EU:T:2009:70
T-187/06 Ralf Schräder v CPVO EU:T:2013:522
T-411/06 Sogelma v AER EU:T:2008:419
T-211/07 Awww v Eurofound EU:T:2011:415
T-234/07 Grolsch v Commission EU:T:2011:476
T-407/07 CMB Maschinenbau v Commission EU:T:2011:477
T-133 and 134/08 Ralf Schräder v CPVO EU:T:2012:430
T-135/08 Schniga v CPVO EU:T:2010:397
T-176/08 Infeurope v Commission EU:T:2009:264
T-188/08 Infeurope v Commission EU:T:2009:265
T-196/08 Srinivasan v European Ombudsman EU:T:2008:470
T-292/08 Inditex v OHIM EU:T:2020:399
T-338/08 Stichting Natuur v Commission EU:T:2012:300
T-377/08 P Commission v Birkhoff EU:T:2009:485
T-457/08 R Intel Corp. v Commission EU:T:2009:18
T-164/09 Kitou v EDPS EU:T:2010:533
T-284/09 P H. Meister v OHIM T:2010:246
T-359/09 Jurašinović v Council EU:T:2010:241
T-396/09 Vereniging Milieudefensie v Commission EU:T:2012:301
T-415/09 New Yorker SHK Jeans v OHMI – Vallis K. – Vallis A. EU:T:2011:550
T-468/09 JSK International Architekten et al. v ECB EU:T:2012:639
T-96/10 Rütgers v ECHA EU:T:2013:109
xii Cases
T-268/10 Polyelectrolyte Producers Group v ECHA EU:T:2015:698
T-277/10 K v Eurojust EU:T:2010:485
T-278/10 Wesergold Getränkeindustrie v OHIM – Lidl Stiftung EU:T:2012:459
T-217/11 Staelen v European Ombudsman EU:T:2015:238
T-299/11 European Dynamics Luxembourg and Others v EUIPO EU:T:
2015:757
T-345/11 ENISA v EDPS EU:T:2011:700
T-476/11 P Moschonaki v Commission EU:T:2013:557
T-553/11 European Dynamics Luxembourg v ECB EU:T:2014:275
T-556/11 European Dynamics Luxembourg and Others v EUIPO
EU:T:2013:514
T-577/11 Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistimio Athinon v European Centre
for Disease Prevention and Control EU:T:2013:229
T-608/11 Beifa Group v OHIM – Schwan-Stabilo Schwanhäußer EU:T:2013:334
T-132/12 Scooters India v OHIM EU:T:2014:843
T-192/12 PAN Europe v Commission EU:T:2014:152
T-235/12 CEDC International v OHMI – Underberg EU:T:2014:1058
T-283/12 FIS’D – Formazione integrata superiore del design v Commission
EU:T:2014:933
T-347/12 P Mocová v Commission EU:T:2014:268
T-537/12 Zafeiropoulos v CEDEFOP EU:T:2016:36
T-15/13 Group Nivelles v OHIM EU:T:2015:281
T-89/13 Calestep v ECHA EU:T:2015:711
T-102/13 Heliflight GmbH v EASA EU:T:2014:1064
T-177/13 TestBioTech and Others v Commission EU:T:2016:736
T-201/13 Rubinum v Commission EU:T:2015:311
T-343/13 CN v European Parliament EU:T:2015:926
T-405/13 Le Comptoir d’Épicure v OHIM T:2014:1072
T-609/13 Blackrock v OHIM EU:T:2015:54
T-620/13 Marchi Industriale v ECHA EU:T:2016:479
T-673/13 European Coalition to End Animal Experiments v ECHA EU:T:
2015:167
T-695/13 Enac v Commission and INEA EU:T:2014:924
T-424/14 ClientEarth v Commission EU:T:2015:848
T-587/14 Crosfield v ECHA EU:T:2016:475
T-652/14 AF Steelcase, SA v EUIPO EU:T:2016:370
T-660/14 SV Capital OÜ v EBA EU:T:2015:608
T-724/14 European Children’s Fashion Association and Others v EACEA
EU:T:2015:550
T-787/14 P ECB v Cerafogli EU:T:2016:633
T-791/14 Bensarsa v Commission and EDPS EU:T:2015:267
T-816/14 Tayto Group v OHIM, EU:T:2016:93
T-104/15 Symvouleftiki v Commission EU:T:2018:360
T-122/15 Landeskreditbank Baden-Württemberg v ECB EU:T:2017:337
T-140/15 Aurora srl v CPVO EU:2017:380
T-286/15 KF v SatCen EU:T:2018:718
 Cases xiii
T-411/15 PP Gappol Marzena Porczinska v EUIPO EU:T:2017:689
T-564/15 Spliethoff’s Bevrachtingskantoor BV v Commission EU:T:2016:611
T-603/15 Frank v Commission EU:T:2017:228
T-604/15 Ertico – ITS Europe v Commission EU:T:2019:348
T-712/15 Crédit mutuel Arkéa v ECB EU:T:2017:900
T-36/16 Enercon GmbH v EUIPO EU:T:2017:295
T-140/16 Jean-Marie Le Pen v European Parliament EU:T:2016:645
T-237/16 NI v EDPS EU:T:2016:542
T-247/16 Trasta Komercbanka AS v ECB EU:T:2017:623
T-478/16 Frank v Commission EU:T:2019:399
T-581/16 Popotas v European Ombudsman EU:T:2018:169
T-803/16 Glaxo Group Ltd v EUIPO EU:T:2018:330
T-817/16 Vans v EUIPO EU:T:2018:880
T-125/17 BASF Grenzach v ECHA EU:T:2019:638
T-452/17 TL v EDPS EU:T:2018:418
T-463/17 Raise Conseil v EUIPO EU:T:2018:249
T-579/17 Wall Street Systems UK Ltd v ECB EU:T:2017:668
T-717/17 Chioreanu v ERCEA EU:T:2018:765
T-755/17 Federal Republic of Germany v ECHA EU:T:2019:647
T-765/17 Kiku GmbH v CPVO EU:T:2019:244
T-33/18 Pracsis SPRL and Conceptexpo Project v EACEA EU:T:2018:656
T-112/18 Pink Lady America LLC v CPVO EU:T:2019:679
T-233/18 Anastasia-Soultana Gaki v EDPS EU:T:2018:629
T-676/18 Silvain Rimlinger v European Ombudsman EU:T:2019:125

European Union Civil Service Tribunal

F-95/05 N v Commission EU:F:2007:226
F-2/07 Martins v Commission EU:F:2010:22
F-45/07 Mandt v European Parliament EU:F:2010:72
F-33/08 V v Commission EU:F:2009:141
F-77/08 I.V. Carbajosa and Others v Commission EU:F:2010:133
F-46/09 V v European Parliament EU:F:2011:101
F-26/10 AZ v Commission EU:F:2011:163
F-66/11 Alma Yael v Commission F:2012:88
F-103/11 CG v European Investment Bank EU:F:2014:185
F-26/12 Cerafogli v ECB EU:F:2014:218
F-128/12 CR v European Parliament EU:F:2014:38
F-107/13 de Brito Sequeira Carvalho v Commission EU:F:2014:232
F-142/14 De Almeida Pereira v Eurojust EU:F:2015:83

European Court of Human Rights

case No 6232/73 König v Germany ECHR:1980:0310JUD000623273
case No 6878/75 Le Compte and Others v Belgium ECHR:1981:0623JUD
000687875
xiv Cases
case No 13616/88 Hentrich v France ECHR:1994:0922JUD001361688
case No 23959/94 Janssen v Germany ECHR:2001:1220JUD002395994
case No 41959/08 Anastasakis v Greece ECHR:2011:1206JUD004195908
case No 53339/09 Siermiński v Poland ECHR:2014:1202JUD005333909

United Kingdom Supreme Court

R (Bradley) v Secretary of State and Pensions [2008] EWCA Civ 36, [2009]
QB 114
R (Cart) v The Upper Tribunal [2011] UKSC 28, [2012] 1 AC 663
JR55 [2016] UKSC 22
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Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European Union [2016] OJ C 202/13

(TEU)
Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
[2016] OJ C 202/447 (TFEU)
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union [2016] OJ C 202/389
(CFR)
Consolidated Version of the Regulation No 31 (EEC) and No 11 (EAEC) lay-
ing down the Staff Regulations of Officials and the Conditions of Employ-
ment of Other Servants of the European Economic Community and
the European Atomic Energy Community [1962] OJ P 45/1385 (Staff
Regulations)
Consolidated Version of the Regulation (EEC) No 337/75 of the Council of
10 February 1975 establishing a European Centre for the Development of
Vocational Training [1975] OJ L 39/1 (CEDEFOP Regulation)
Consolidated Version of the Regulation (EEC) No 1365/75 of the Council of
26 May 1975 on the creation of a European Foundation for the improve-
ment of living and working conditions [1975] OJ L 139/1 (EUROFOND
Regulation)
Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 of 20 December 1993 on the Commu-
nity trade mark [1994] OJ L 11/1, art 118 (OHIM Regulation)
Decision 94/262/ECSC, EC, Euratom of the European Parliament of 9
March 1994 on the regulations and general conditions governing the per-
formance of the Ombudsman’s duties [1994] OJ L 113/15
Consolidated Version of the Council Regulation (EC) No 2062/94 of 18
July 1994 establishing a European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
[1994] OJ L 216/1 (EU-OSHA Regulation)
Consolidated Version of the Council Regulation (EC) No 2100/94 of 27
July 1994 on Community plant variety rights [1994] OJ L 227/1 (CPVO
Regulation)
Council Act of 26 July 1995 drawing up the Convention based on Article
K.3 of the Treaty on European Union, on the establishment of a European
Police Office [1995] OJ C 316/1 (Europol Convention)
xvi Legislation
Consolidated Version of Rules of Procedure of the Commission [2000] OJ L
308/26
Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 18 December 2000 on the protection of individuals with regard to the
processing of personal data by the Community institutions and bodies and
on the free movement of such data [2001] OJ L 8/1 (Data Protection
Regulation for EU Institutions (and Bodies))
Consolidated Version of Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 6 November 2001 on the Community code relating
to medicinal products for human use [2001] OJ L 311/67
Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 30 May 2001 regarding public access to European Parliament,
Council and Commission documents [2001] OJ L 145/43 (Access to
Document Regulation)
Council Decision 2002/187/JHA of 28 February 2002 setting up Eurojust
with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime [2002] OJ L 63/1
(Eurojust Decision I)
Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 on the imple-
mentation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of
the Treaty [2003] OJ L 1/1
Council Regulation (EC) No 58/2003 of 19 December 2002 laying down
the statute for executive agencies to be entrusted with certain tasks in the
management of Community programmes [2003] OJ L 11/1 (Executive
Agencies Regulation)
Consolidated Version of the Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the Euro-
pean Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on genetically
modified food and feed [2003] OJ L 268/1
Commission Regulation (EC) 104/2004 of 22 January 2004 laying down
rules on the organisation and composition of the Board of Appeal of the
European Aviation Safety Agency [2004] OJ L 16/20 (EASA BoA Rules
of Procedure)
Consolidated Version of the Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 laying down Community
procedures for the authorisation and supervision of medicinal products for
human and veterinary use and establishing a European Medicines Agency
[2004] OJ L 136/1 (Medicinal Products Authorisation Regulation)
Consolidated Version of the Regulation (EC) No 851/2004 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 establishing a European
Centre for disease prevention and control [2004] OJ L 142/1 (ECDC
Regulation)
Consolidated Version of the Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 of the Euro-
pean Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and
articles intended to come into contact with food and repealing Directives
80/590/EEC and 89/109/EEC [2004] OJ L 338/4
 Legislation xvii
Regulation 2005/C 68/01 adopted by the College of Eurojust and approved
by the Council, containing rules of procedure on the processing and pro-
tection of personal data at Eurojust [2005] OJ C 68/1 (Eurojust Rules of
Procedure)
Consolidated Version of the Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 23 February 2005 on maximum residue
levels of pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin and
amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC [2005] OJ L 70/1
Regulation (EC) No 1367/2006 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 6 September 2006 on the application of the provisions of the
Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in
Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters to Com-
munity institutions and bodies [2006] OJ L 264/13 (Aarhus Regulation)
Consolidated Version of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Regis-
tration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH),
establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/
EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commis-
sion Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/
EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/
EC and 2000/21/EC [2006] OJ L 396/1 (ECHA Regulation)
Commission Decision No 2008/50/EC of 13 December 2007 laying down
detailed rules for the application of Regulation (EC) No 1367/2006 of the
European Parliament and of the Council on the Aarhus Convention as regards
requests for the internal review of administrative acts [2008] OJ L 13/24
Commission Decision No 2008/401/EC, Euratom of 30 April 2008 amend-
ing its Rules of Procedure as regards detailed rules for the application of
Regulation (EC) No 1367/2006 [2008] OJ L 120/1
Commission Regulation 771/2008 of 1 August 2008 laying down the rules
of organisation and procedure of the Board of Appeal of the European
Chemicals Agency [2008] OJ L 206/5
Council Decision 2009/426/JHA of 16 December 2008 on the strengthen-
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Council Regulation (EC) No 207/2009 of 26 February 2009 on the Com-
munity trade mark [2009] OJ L 78/1 (OHIM Regulation II)
Council Decision of 6 April 2009 establishing the European Police Office
(Europol) [2009] OJ L 121/37 (Europol Decision)
Act No 29/2009 of the Joint Supervisory Body of Europol of 22 June 2009
laying down its rules of procedure [2010] OJ C 45/2, art 1 (Europol JSB
Rules of Procedure)
Act of the Supervisory Body of Eurojust of 23 June 2009 laying down its rules
of procedure [2010] OJ C 182/03
Consolidated Version of the Commission Regulation (EC) No 874/2009 of
17 September 2009 establishing implementing rules for the application of
xviii Legislation
Council Regulation (EC) No 2100/94 as regards proceedings before the
Community Plant Variety Office [2001] OJ L 251/51
Consolidated Version of the Regulation (EC) 1060/09 of the European Par-
liament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on credit rating agencies
[2009] OJ L 302/1
Consolidated Version of the Council Decision of 1 December 2009 adopting
the Council’s Rules of Procedure [2009] OJ L 325/35
Consolidated Version of the Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 of the Euro-
pean Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 establishing
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OJ L 331/12 (EBA Regulation)
Consolidated Version of the Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 of the Euro-
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pean Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 establishing
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Regulation (EU) 513/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 11 May 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 on credit rat-
ing agencies [2011] OJ L 145/30
Decision of the President of the European Commission of 13 October 2011
on the function and terms of reference of the hearing officer in certain
competition proceedings [2011] OJ L 275/29 (Hearing Officer Decision)
Regulation (EU) 528/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 22 May 2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of
biocidal products [2012] OJ L 167/1
Consolidated Version of the Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on the finan-
cial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union [2012] OJ L 299/31
Decision of the European Data Protection Supervisor of 17 December 2012
on the adoption of Rules of Procedure (2013/504/EU) [2013] OJ L
273/41 (EDPS Rules of Procedure)
Directive 2013/11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21
May 2013 on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes [2013]
OJ L 165/63
Council Regulation (EU) No 1024/2013 of 15 October 2013 conferring
specific tasks on the European Central Bank concerning policies relating
to the prudential supervision of credit institutions [2013] OJ L 287/63
(Credit Supervision Regulation)
Regulation (EU) No 1290/2013 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 11 December 2013 laying down the rules for participation and
dissemination in ‘Horizon 2020 – the Framework Programme for Research
and Innovation (2014–2020)’ [2013] OJ L 347/81 (Horizon Regulation)
 Legislation xix
Decision of the European Central Bank of 14 April 2014 concerning the
establishment of an Administrative Board of Review and its Operating
Rules [2016] L175/47 (ECB ABoR Decision)
Council Regulation 642/2014 of 16 June 2014 establishing the Shift2Rail
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Commission Implementing Regulation 2016/283 of 25 May 2016 amend-
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Regulation (EU) 2016/794 of the European Parliament and of the Council
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