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NCERT Class 12 Physics Part 2

The document discusses electrostatic potential and capacitance, illustrating concepts through examples involving electric potential and field lines of charges. It includes calculations of potential differences, potential energy differences, and work done by electric fields and external agencies. The examples emphasize the behavior of positive and negative charges in electric fields and their effects on kinetic energy.

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88 views1 page

NCERT Class 12 Physics Part 2

The document discusses electrostatic potential and capacitance, illustrating concepts through examples involving electric potential and field lines of charges. It includes calculations of potential differences, potential energy differences, and work done by electric fields and external agencies. The examples emphasize the behavior of positive and negative charges in electric fields and their effects on kinetic energy.

Uploaded by

vishucomputer555
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrostatic Potential

and Capacitance

which gives

EXAMPLE 2.2
x = 45 cm
Thus, electric potential is zero at 9 cm and 45 cm away from the
positive charge on the side of the negative charge. Note that the
formula for potential used in the calculation required choosing
potential to be zero at infinity.

Example 2.3 Figures 2.8 (a) and (b) show the field lines of a positive
and negative point charge respectively.

http://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/electricpotential/electricpotential.html
Electric potential, equipotential surfaces:
FIGURE 2.8

(a) Give the signs of the potential difference VP – VQ; VB – VA.


(b) Give the sign of the potential energy difference of a small negative
charge between the points Q and P; A and B.
(c) Give the sign of the work done by the field in moving a small
positive charge from Q to P.
(d) Give the sign of the work done by the external agency in moving
a small negative charge from B to A.
(e) Does the kinetic energy of a small negative charge increase or
decrease in going from B to A?
Solution
1
(a) As V ∝ , VP > VQ. Thus, (VP – VQ ) is positive. Also VB is less negative
r
than VA . Thus, VB > VA or (VB – VA) is positive.
(b) A small negative charge will be attracted towards positive charge.
The negative charge moves from higher potential energy to lower
potential energy. Therefore the sign of potential energy difference
of a small negative charge between Q and P is positive.
Similarly, (P.E.) A > (P.E.)B and hence sign of potential energy
differences is positive.
(c) In moving a small positive charge from Q to P, work has to be
done by an external agency against the electric field. Therefore,
work done by the field is negative.
EXAMPLE 2.3

(d) In moving a small negative charge from B to A work has to be


done by the external agency. It is positive.
(e) Due to force of repulsion on the negative charge, velocity decreases
and hence the kinetic energy decreases in going from B to A.
59

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