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Solution Manual for College Algebra with Intermediate Algebra A

Blended Course 1st Edition by Judith A. Beecher

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Book Title: College Algebra with Intermediate Algebra A Blended Course

Edition: 1st Edition

Author: Judith A. Beecher

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Chapter 1
Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities
16. −27 = y − 17
Exercise Set 1.1 −27 + 17 = y − 17 + 17
−10 = y + 0
RC2. (f)
−10 = y
RC4. (c)
18. −8 + r = 17
2. 47 − x = 23 8 − 8 + r = 8 + 17
47 − 24 ?
23 0 + r = 25


23
TRUE r = 25
24 is a solution of the equation. 20. −37 + x = −89

4. 3x + 14 = −27 37 − 37 + x = 37 − 89
0 + x = −52
3(−10) + 14 ?
−27

x = −52
−30 + 14




22. z − 14.9 = −5.73
−16
FALSE
z − 14.9 + 14.9 = −5.73 + 14.9
−10 is not a solution of the equation.
z + 0 = 9.17
−x
6. = −3 z = 9.17
8
−32 1 5
? −3 24. x+ =−
8
12 6


−4
FALSE 1 1 5 1
x+ − =− −
32 is not a solution of the equation. 12 12 6 12
10 1
8. 4 − 5x = 59 x+0 = − −
12 12
4 − 5(−11) ?
59 11

x=−
4 + 55
12



26. 5x = 30
59
TRUE
5x 30
−11 is a solution of the equation. 5
=
5
10. 9y + 5 = 86 30
1·x =
5
9 · 9 + 5 ?
86

x=6
81 + 5


28. −4x = 124


86
TRUE
−4x 124
=
9 is a solution of the equation. −4 −4
124
12. x+5 = 5+x 1·x =
−4
−13 + 5 ?
5 + (−13) x = −31


−8
−8 TRUE x
30. − = −25
−13 is a solution of the equation. 3
1
14. x + 7 = 14 − x = −25
3
x + 7 − 7 = 14 − 7  
1
x+0 = 7 −3 − x = −3(−25)
3
x=7 x = 75

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
18 Chapter 1: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities

32. −120 = −8y 52. 3x − 15 = 15 + 3x

−120 −8y −15 = 15 False equation
=
−8 −8 No solution
−120
= 1·y 54. 9t − 4 = 14 + 15t
−8
15 =y 9t − 18 = 15t
34. 0.39t = −2.73 −18 = 6t
0.39t −2.73 −3 = t
=
0.39 0.39 56. 6 − 7x = x − 14
−2.73
1·t = 20 − 7x = x
0.39
t = −7 20 = 8x
20
7 7 =x
36. − y=− 8
6 8
5
6 7 6 7 =x
− − (y) = − − 2
7 6 7 8
58. 5x − 8 = −8 + 3x − x
42
1·y = 5x − 8 = −8 + 2x
56
3 3x = 0
y=
4 x=0
38. 4x − 7 = 81 60. 6y + 20 = 10 + 3y + y
4x = 88
6y + 20 = 10 + 4y
x = 22
2y = −10
40. 6z − 7 = 11 y = −5
6z = 18 62. −3t + 4 = 5 − 3t
z=3
4=5 False equation
42. 5x + 7 = −108 No solution
5x = −115 64. 5 − 2y = −2y + 5
x = −23
5=5 True equation
9 91 All real numbers are solutions.
44. − y+4 = −
2 2
66. 3(y + 6) = 9y
−9y + 8 = −91
−9y = −99 3y + 18 = 9y

y = 11 18 = 6y
3=y
9 4 66
46. y+ y = 68. 27 = 9(5y − 2)
5 10 10
18y + 4y = 66 Multiplying by 10 27 = 45y − 18
22y = 66 45 = 45y
y=3 1=y
48. 0.8t − 0.3t = 6.5 70. 210(x − 3) = 840
0.5t = 6.5 210x − 630 = 840
t = 13 210x = 1470
50. 15x + 40 = 8x − 9 x=7
15x = 8x − 49 72. 8x − (3x − 5) = 40
7x = −49 8x − 3x + 5 = 40
x = −7 5x = 35
x=7

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 1.2 19

74. 3(4 − 2x) = 4 − (6x − 8) 100. −0.00458y + 1.7787 = 13.002y − 1.005

12 − 6x = 4 − 6x + 8 −13.00658y = −2.7837
12 − 6x = 12 − 6x y ≈ 0.214
12 = 12 True equation 2x − 5 4 − 7x 10 + 6x
102. + =
All real numbers are solutions. 6 8 3
76. −40x + 45 = 3[7 − 2(7x − 4)] 4(2x − 5) + 3(4 − 7x) = 8(10 + 6x)
−40x + 45 = 3[7 − 14x + 8] Multiplying by 24
−40x + 45 = 3[−14x + 15] 8x − 20 + 12 − 21x = 80 + 48x
−40x + 45 = −42x + 45 −88 = 61x
2x = 0 88
− =x
x=0 61
1 1 104. 23 − 2{4 + 3(x − 1)} + 5{x − 2(x + 3)} =
78. (12t + 48) − 20 = − (24t − 144) 7{x − 2[5 − (2x + 3)]}
6 8
2t + 8 − 20 = −3t + 18 23 − 2{4 + 3x − 3} + 5{x − 2x − 6} =
7{x − 2[5 − 2x − 3]}
5t = 30
23 − 2{3x + 1} + 5{−x − 6} =
t=6 7{x − 2[−2x + 2]}
80. 6[4(8 − y) − 5(9 + 3y)] − 21 = −7[3(7 + 4y) − 4] 23 − 6x − 2 − 5x − 30 =
6[32 − 4y − 45 − 15y] − 21 = −7[21 + 12y − 4] 7{x + 4x − 4}
−11x − 9 =
6[−13 − 19y] − 21 = −7[17 + 12y]
7{5x − 4}
−78 − 114y − 21 = −119 − 84y
−11x − 9 =
20 = 30y 35x − 28
2 19 = 46x
=y
3 19
3 1 2
=x
1 46
82. 3x − + =
4 2 3 3
54x − 9 + 16 = 8 Multiplying by 24
Exercise Set 1.2
54x = 1
1 RC2. qs + 4r = t
x=
54    
2 3 qs = t − 4r
84. 9(4x + 7) − 3(5x − 8) = 6 −x −5 + 2x t − 4r
3 5 q=
36x + 63 − 15x + 24 = 4 − 6x − 3 − 10x s
The answer is (b).
21x + 87 = −16x + 1
37x = −86 RC4. 4q = 7r
86 7r 7
x=− q= , or r
37 4 4
The answer is (a).
a−9 1
86. = a−32 = 32
a23 a RC6. 7r − t = 4s
88. −2x y 8 3 7r = 4s + t
4s + t
90. −5 + 6x r=
7
92. −10x + 35y − 20 The answer is (e).

94. 4(−x − 6y), or −4(x + 6y) 2. d = rt

96. 5(−2x + 7y − 4), or −5(2x − 7y + 4) d
=t
r
98. {−8, −7, −6, −5, −4, −3, −2, −1}; 4 3
4. V = πr
{x|x is a negative integer greater than − 9} 3
3V
= r3
4π

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
20 Chapter 1: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities

6. P = 2w + 2l 30. Z = Q − Qab
P − 2w = 2l Z = Q(1 − ab)
P − 2w Z
= l, or =Q
2 1 − ab
P
−w = l 32. a) 5 ft 6 in. = 5 × 12 in. + 6 in. = 66 in.
2 R = 665 + 4.35(145) + 4.7(66) − 4.7(32) ≈
1
8. A = bh
2 1446 calories
2A = bh b) R = 655 + 4.35w + 4.7h − 4.7a
2A R − 655 − 4.35w + 4.7a = 4.7h
=h
b R − 655 − 4.35w + 4.7a
a+b =h
10. A= 4.7
2
2A = a + b 34. a) 6 ft 2 in. = 6 × 12 in. + 2 in. = 74 in.
2A − a = b K = 102.3 + 9.66(210) + 19.69(74) − 10.54(34) ≈
12. F = ma 3230 calories
F b) K = 102.3 + 9.66w + 19.69h − 10.54a
=a
m K − 102.3 − 9.66w − 19.69h = −10.54a
14. I = P rt K − 102.3 − 9.66w − 19.69h
= a, or
I −10.54
=P 102.3 + 9.66w + 19.69h − K
rt =a
10.54
16. E = mc2
36. a) P = 94.593c + 34.227a − 2134.616
E
=m P = 94.593(26.7) + 34.227(24.1) − 2134.616
c2
p−q P ≈ 1216 g
18. Q=
2 b) P = 94.593c + 34.227a−
2Q = p − q
2134.616
q = p − 2Q
P − 34.227a + 2134.616 = 94.593c
20. Ax + By = c P − 34.227a + 2134.616
=c
Ax = c − By 94.593
n
c − By 38. a) F =
x= 15
A 42, 690
F =
mv 2 15
22. F =
r F = 2846 students
Fr r n
= v2 Multiplying by b) F =
m m 15
1 15F = n
24. N = M (t + w)
3 −2000
3N = M (t + w) 40. −2000 ÷ (−8) = = 250
−8
3N
= t+w 120
M 42. 120 ÷ (−4.8) = = −25
−4.8
3N
− t = w, or −90
M 44. =6
3N − M t −15
=w
M −80
46. = −5
1 16
26. t = (x − y + z)
6 48. Solve for a:
6t = x − y + z 1
s = v1 t + at2
6t − x + y = z 2
1
s − v1 t = at2
28. g = m + mnp 2
g = m(1 + np) 2(s − v1 t) = at2
g
=m 2(s − v1 t)
1 + np =a
t2

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 1.3 21

Solve for v1 : Solve: x + 3x + (x + 25) = 180

1 x = 31◦
s = v1 t + at2
2 The measures of the angles are 31◦ ; 3 · 31◦ , or 93◦ ; and
1 31◦ + 25◦ , or 56◦ .
s − at2 = v1 t
2
6. Let p = the number of passengers who cleared U.S. Cus-
1
s − at2 toms in Nassau.
2 = v1
t Solve: 4p + 103, 264 = 4, 808, 984

50. Solve for T2 : p = 1, 176, 430 passengers

P1 V 1 P2 V2 8. Let p = the price of the headphone.
=
T1 T2 Solve: p + 0.07p = 149.75
P1 V1 T2 = P2 V2 T1
p ≈ $139.95
P2 V2 T1
T2 = 10. Let l = the length. Then l − 42 = the width.
P1 V1
Solve: 2l + 2(l − 42) = 228
Solve for P1 :
l = 78
P1 V 1 P2 V2
= The length is 78 ft, and the width is 78 − 42, or 36 ft.
T1 T2
P2 V2 T1 12. Let s = the length of a side of the smaller square. Then
P1 =
T 2 V1 2s = the length of a side of the larger square.
52. First find the length of AB. This is the base of the shaded Solve: 4s + 4 · 2s = 100
triangle. (Alternatively, we could consider AB to be the 25
height of the triangle.) s=
3
1 25 25 100 1
A = bh If s = , then 4s = 4 · = , or 33 ;
2 3 3 3 3
1 25 50 50 200 2
20 = · b · 8 2s = 2 · = and 4 · = , or 66 .
2 3 3 3 3 3
20 = 4b 1
The wire should be cut so that one piece is 33 cm long.
3
5=b 2
Then the other piece will be 66 cm long.
The length of AB is 5 cm. This is one base of the trapezoid. 3
1 14. Let p = the selling price of the house. Then p − 100, 000
A = h(b1 + b2 )
2 is the amount that exceeds $100,000.
1 Solve:
A = · 8(5 + 13)
2
0.08(100, 000) + 0.03(p − 100, 000) = 9200
1
A = · 8(18) p = $140, 000
2
A = 72 cm2 16. Let x = the first even integer. Then x + 2 and x + 4 are
the next two even integers.
Solve: x + 5(x + 2) + 4(x + 4) = 1226
Exercise Set 1.3 x = 120
The numbers are 120; 120 + 2, or 122; and 120 + 4, or 124.
RC2. Translate the problem to an equation.
18. Let x = the first number. Then x+1 = the second number.
RC4. Check the answer in the original problem.
Solve: x + (x + 1) = 697
2. Let m = the number of miles left to complete. Then 2m = x = 348
the number of miles completed. The competition has a The numbers are 348 and 348 + 1, or 349.
total of 2.4 + 112 + 26.2, or 140.6 miles.
Solve: 2m + m = 140.6 20. Let c = the number of square feet of carpet the cus-
tomer had cleaned. Then the square footage that exceeds
m ≈ 46.9 mi
200 sq ft is c − 200. The cost for cleaning the stairs is
Then 2m = 2(46.9) ≈ 94 mi. This is the number of miles $1.40(13), or $18.20.
that have been completed.
Solve: 75 + 0.25(c − 200) + 18.20 = 253.95
4. Let x = the measure of the first angle. Then 3x = the c = 843 square feet
measure of the second angle and x + 25 = the measure of
the third angle.

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
22 Chapter 1: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities

22. Let s = the old salary. difference in time between them is

Solve: s + 0.05s = 40, 530 ✧ 60 sec
60 min
12 hr = 12 ✧
hr × × = 43,200 sec.
1✧hr ✧
1 min
s = $38, 600
2.5
Solve: s = 43, 200
24. Let n = the number of people receiving assistance in 2008, 3600
in millions. s = 62, 208, 000 sec
Solve: n + 0.684n = 47.5
42. We add some labels to the figure in the text.
n ≈ 28.2 million people
A P Mr B P M, A B
26. a) At age 50, x = 50 − 40 = 10.
x x 2x x 2x
y = 2.06(10) + 10.08 = $30.68
b) Solve: 52 = 2.06x + 10.08
20 ≈ x 4x 4x
The monthly premium would be approximately $52
at issue age 40 + 20, or 60.

28. d = 26, 000 ft − 11, 000 ft = 15, 000 ft. Let t = the time r
required to reach the new altitude, in minutes. D Q N C Q N, D C
Solve: 15, 000 = 2500t Before folding After folding
t = 6 min
Let x = the length of AP . Then the length of a side of the
30. Let t = the time. square is 4x. The smaller figure has sides of length 3x and
Solve: 725 = (390 − 65)t 4x.
29 3 Solve: 2 · 3x + 2 · 4x = 25
t= , or 2 hr
3 13 25
x=
32. Let t = the time, in hours, it took the Delta Queen to 14
cruise 2 mi upstream. The speed of the boat traveling 25 50
The square has sides of length 4 · , or in. Its
upstream was 7 − 3, or 4 mph. 14 7
Solve: 2 = 4t 50 50 2500 1
area is in. · in. = or 51 in2 .
1 7 7 49 49
hr = t
2
34. 16 · 8 + 200 ÷ 25 · 10 = 128 + 8 · 10 Chapter 1 Mid-Chapter Review
= 128 + 80
= 208 1. The statement is true as shown by the following steps.
36. (9 − 4)2 + (8 − 11)2 52 + (−3)2 2x + 3 = 7
=
42 + 22 16 + 4
2x = 4 Subtracting 3
25 + 9
= x=2 Dividing by 2
20
34 2. The statement is true. See Example 17 on page 9 in the
=
20 text.
17
= 3. The statement is false. See Example 17 on page 9 in the
10
text.
38. Let S represent Christina’s original salary and let x repre-
sent the number by which the reduced salary would have 4. When we solve an applied problem, we check the possible
to be multiplied in order to return it to the original salary. solution in the original problem. The given statement is
Express n% in decimal notation as 0.01n. The reduced false.
salary is S(1 − 0.01n) so we have S(1 − 0.01n)(x) = S.
1 100 10, 000 5. x + 5 = 12
x= , or , or %.
1 − 0.01n 100 − n 100 − n 7 + 5 ?
12


40. Let s = the number of seconds after which the watches will 12
TRUE
show the same time again. The difference in time between
The number 7 is a solution of the equation.
the two watches is
sec sec 1✧hr ✧
1 min 2.5 sec
2.5 = 2.5 × × = .
hr ✧
hr ✧ 60 sec
60 min 3600 sec
The watches will show the same time again when the

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1 Mid-Chapter Review 23

6. 3x − 4 = 5 15. 5t − 9 = 7t − 4
1 −9 = 2t − 4 Subtracting 5t
3· −4 ? 5
3
−5 = 2t Adding 4


1−4


5
− =t
−3
FALSE 2
Dividing by 2
1 5
The number is not a solution of the equation. The number − checks, so it is the solution.
3 2
−x 16. 4x − 11 = 11 + 4x
7. = −3
8 −11 = 11 Subtracting 4x
−(−24)
? −3 We get a false equation. The equation has no solution.
8

24
2(y − 4) = 8y

17.
8


2y − 8 = 8y
3
FALSE
−8 = 6y Subtracting 2y
The number −24 is not a solution of the equation.
4
8. 6(x − 3) = 36 − =y Dividing by 6
3
6(9 − 3) ?
36 4
The number − checks, so it is the solution.

3
6(6)


4y − (y − 1) = 16

18.
36
TRUE
4y − y + 1 = 16
The number 9 is a solution of the equation.
3y + 1 = 16 Collecting like terms
9. x − 7 = −10 3y = 15 Subtracting 1
x − 7 + 7 = −10 + 7 y=5 Dividing by 3
x = −3 The number 5 checks, so it is the solution.
The number −3 checks, so it is the solution.
19. t − 3(t − 4) = 9
10. −7x = 56
−7x 56 t − 3t + 12 = 9
= −2t + 12 = 9 Collecting like terms
−7 −7
x = −8 −2t = −3 Subtracting 12
The number −8 checks, so it is the solution. t=
3
Dividing by −2
2
11. 8x − 9 = 23
3
8x = 32 Adding 9 The number checks, so it is the solution.
2
x=4 Dividing by 8 20. 6(2x + 3) = 10 − (4x − 5)
The number 4 checks, so it is the solution. 12x + 18 = 10 − 4x + 5
12. 1 − x = 3x − 7 12x + 18 = 15 − 4x Collecting like terms
1 = 4x − 7 Adding x 16x + 18 = 15 Adding 4x
8 = 4x Adding 7 16x = −3 Subtracting 18
2=x Dividing by 4 3
x=− Dividing by 16
The number 2 checks, so it is the solution. 16
3
13. 2 − 4y = −4y + 2 The number − checks, so it is the solution.
16
2=2 Adding 4y
21. P = mn
We get an equation that is true for all real numbers, so all
real numbers are solutions. P
=n Dividing by m
m
3 7
14. y+2 = 22. z = 3t + 3w
4 2
3 3 z − 3w = 3t Subtracting 3w
y= Subtracting 2
4 2 z − 3w
= t, or Dividing by 3
4 3 4 3 3
· y= · z
3 4 3 2 −w = t
y=2 Simplifying 3
The number 2 checks, so it is the solution.

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
24 Chapter 1: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities

23. r+s 29. Familiarize. Let l = the length of the carpet, in feet.
N =
4 Then l − 2 = the width.
4N = r + s Multiplying by 4 Translate. We substitute in the formula for the perimeter
4N − r = s Subtracting r of a rectangle, P = 2l + 2w.
A 24 = 2l + 2(l − 2)
24. T = 1.5
B Solve.
BT = 1.5A Multiplying by B 24 = 2l + 2l − 4
1.5A A 24 = 4l − 4
B= , or 1.5
T T 28 = 4l
25. 2 7=l
H = (t − 5)
3 If l = 7, then l − 2 = 7 − 2 = 5.
3 3
H = t−5 Multiplying by Check. The width, 5 ft, is 2 ft less than the length, 7 ft.
2 2 The perimeter is 2 · 7 ft + 2 · 5 ft, or 14 ft + 10 ft, or 24 ft.
3 The answer checks.
H + 5 = t, or Adding 5
2 State. The length of the carpet is 7 ft, and the width is
3H + 10 5 ft.
=t
2
30. First we will find how long it will take Frederick to travel
26. f = g + ghm
18 mi downstream.
f = g(1 + hm) Factoring
Familiarize. Let t = the time, in hours, it will take Fred-
f erick to travel 18 mi downstream. The speed of the boat
=g Dividing by 1 + hm
1 + hm traveling downstream is 9 + 3, or 12 mph.
27. Familiarize. Let f = number of female medical school Translate. We will substitute in the formula d = rt.
graduates in 2002. Then an increase of 21.3% of this num-
18 = 12t
ber is f + 21.3%f , or f + 0.213f , or 1.213f . This is the
number of female medical school graduates in 2011. Solve.
18 = 12t
Translate.
18
The number of female =t
medical school was 8396. 12
graduates in 2011 1.5 = t Simplifying
 
   Check. At a speed of 12 mph, in 1.5 hr the boat travels
12(1.5), or 18 mi. The answer checks.
1.213f = 8396
State. It will take Frederick 1.5 hr to travel 18 mi down-
Solve. We solve the equation. stream.
1.213f = 8396
f ≈ 6922 Now we will find how long it will take Frederick to travel
Check. 21.3% of 6922 is 0.213(6922) ≈ 1474 and 18 mi upstream.
6922 + 1474 = 8396. The answer checks. Familiarize. Let t = the time, in hours, it will take Fred-
State. There were 6922 female medical school graduates erick to travel 18 mi upstream. The speed of the boat
in 2002. traveling upstream is 9 − 3, or 6 mph.

28. Familiarize. Let c = the number of calories a 154-lb Translate. We will substitute in the formula d = rt.
person would burn walking 3.5 mph for 30 min. Then 50 18 = 6t
calories less than twice this number is 2c − 50. Solve.
Translate. We know that 2c − 50 represents 230 calories, 18 = 6t
so we have 3=t
2c − 50 = 230. Check. At a speed of 6 mph, in 3 hr the boat travels 6 · 3,
Solve. We solve the equation. or 18 mi. The answer checks.
2c − 50 = 230 State. It will take Frederick 3 hr to travel 18 mi upstream.
2c = 280 31. Equivalent expressions have the same value for all possible
c = 140 replacements. Any replacement that does not make any
Check. 2·140−50 = 280−50 = 230, so the answer checks. of the expressions undefined can be substituted for the
variable. Equivalent equations have the same solution(s).
State. A 154-lb person would burn 140 calories walking True equations result only when a solution is substituted
3.5 mph for 30 min. for the variable.

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 1.4 25

32. Answers may vary. A walker who knows how far and how 10. {x|13 > x ≥ 5} = {x|5 ≤ x < 13} = [5, 13)
long she walks each day wants to know her average speed
each day. 12. [−20, 30)

33. Answers may vary. A decorator wants to have a carpet cut 14. (−∞, 8]
for a bedroom. The perimeter of the room is 54 ft and its 16. x+8 > 4
length is 15 ft. How wide should the carpet be?
x > −4
34. We can subtract by adding an opposite, so we can use the {x|x > −4}, or (−4, ∞)
addition principle to subtract the same number on both
sides of an equation. Similarly, we can divide by multi-
⫺4 0
plying by a reciprocal, so we can use the multiplication
principle to divide both sides of an equation by the same 18. y + 4 < 10
number.
y<6
35. The manner in which a guess or estimate is manipulated
{y|y < 6}, or (−∞, 6)
can give insight into the form of the equation to which the
problem will be translated.
0 6
36. Labeling the variable clearly makes the Translate step
more accurate. It also allows us to determine if the solution 20. a + 6 ≤ −14
of the equation we translated to provides the information a ≤ −20
asked for in the original problem.
{a|a ≤ −20}, or (−∞, −20]

⫺20 ⫺10 0
Exercise Set 1.4
22. x − 8 ≤ 17
RC2. (h) x ≤ 25
RC4. (a) {x|x ≤ 25}, or (−∞, 25]
RC6. (d) 25

0 10
2. 3x + 5 ≤ −10
−5 : 3(−5) + 5 ≤ −10, or −10 ≤ −10 is true. 24. y − 9 > −18
−5 is a solution.
y > −9
−10 : 3(−10) + 5 ≤ −10, or −25 ≤ −10 is true. {y|y > −9}, or (−9, ∞)
−10 is a solution.
⫺9
0 : 3 · 0 + 5 ≤ −10, or 5 ≤ −10 is false. ⫺4 0
0 is not a solution.
27 : 3 · 27 + 5 ≤ −10, or 86 ≤ −10 is false. 26. y − 18 ≤ −4
27 is not a solution. y ≤ 14
4. 5y − 7 < 8 − y {y|y ≤ 14}, or (−∞, 14]
2 : 5 · 2 − 7 < 8 − 2, or 3 < 6 is true. 14
2 is a solution. 0 4
−3 : 5(−3) − 7 < 8 − (−3), or −22 < 11 is true.
−3 is a solution. 28. 8t < −56
0 : 5 · 0 − 7 < 8 − 0, or −7 < 8 is true. t < −7
0 is a solution. {t|t < −7}, or (−∞, −7)
3 : 5 · 3 − 7 < 8 − 3, or 8 < 5 is false.
3 is not a solution. ⫺7 0

2 2 2 11 22
: 5 · − 7 < 8 − , or − < is true. 30. 0.6x < 30
3 3 3 3 3
2 x < 50
is a solution.
3 {x|x < 50}, or (−∞, 50)
6. [−5, ∞)
0 20 50
8. (−10, 10]

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
26 Chapter 1: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities

3
32. x > −3 50. 2(0.5 − 3y) + y > (4y − 0.2)8
5
x > −5 1 − 6y + y > 32y − 1.6
{x|x > −5}, or (−5, ∞) 1 − 5y > 32y − 1.6
−37y > −2.6
⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2.6
y<
37
34. −5y ≤ 3.5 13
y<
y ≥ −0.7 
185



{y|y ≥ −0.7}, or [−0.7, ∞)
13 13
y
y < , or − ∞,
185 185
1 9
36. − y ≤ − 52. [8x − 3(3x + 2)] − 5 ≥ 3(x + 4) − 2x
8 8
y ≥9 [8x − 9x − 6] − 5 ≥ 3x + 12 − 2x
{y|y ≥ 9}, or [9, ∞) −x − 11 ≥ x + 12
−2x ≥ 23
38. 5y + 13 > 28
23
5y > 15 x≤−
2

 
y>3
23 23
x
x ≤ − , or − ∞, −
{y|y > 3}, or (3, ∞) 2 2

40. −9x + 3x ≥ −24 54. 5(t + 3) + 9 < 3(t − 2) + 6

−6x ≥ −24 5t + 15 + 9 < 3t − 6 + 6
x≤4 5t + 24 < 3t
{x|x ≤ 4}, or (−∞, 4] 2t < −24
t < −12
42. 8x − 9 < 3x − 11
{t|t < −12}, or (−∞, −12)
5x < −2
2 56. 13 − (2c + 2) ≥ 2(c + 2) + 3c
x<−
5
  13 − 2c − 2 ≥ 2c + 4 + 3c



2 2
11 − 2c ≥ 5c + 4
x
x < − , or − ∞, −
5 5
−7c ≥ −7
44. 0.2y + 1 > 2.4y − 10
c≤1
−2.2y > −11
{c|c ≤ 1}, or (−∞, 1]
y<5
1 1
{y|y < 5}, or (−∞, 5) 58. (6x + 24) − 20 > − (12x − 72)
3 4
13 2x + 8 − 20 > −3x + 18
46. 2x − 3 < x + 10 − 1.25x
4 5x > 30
8x − 12 < 13x + 40 − 5x
x>6
8x − 12 < 8x + 40
{x|x > 6}, or (6, ∞)
−12 < 40 True for all real numbers
60. 5[3(7 − t) − 4(8 + 2t)] − 20 ≤ −6[2(6 + 3t) − 4]
The solution set is all real numbers, or (−∞, ∞).
5[21 − 3t − 32 − 8t] − 20 ≤ −6[12 + 6t − 4]
48. 2m + 5 ≥ 16(m − 4)
5[−11 − 11t] − 20 ≤ −6[8 + 6t]
2m + 5 ≥ 16m − 64
−55 − 55t − 20 ≤ −48 − 36t
69 ≥ 14m
−19t ≤ 27
69
≥m 27
14 t≥−

  19

69 69
 
m
m ≤ , or − ∞,
27 27
14 14 t
t ≥ − , or − , ∞
19 19

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 1.4 27

2
62. (4x − 3) > 30 74. Let x = the score on the fourth test. It is possible to score
3 100 on the fifth test, so we have the following:
3
4x − 3 > 45 Multiplying by
2 94 + 90 + 89 + x + 100 ≥ 450
4x > 48
x + 373 ≥ 450
x > 12
x ≥ 77
{x|x > 12}, or (12, ∞)
Elizabeth must score 77 or better. In terms of an inequality
7 we write {x|x ≥ 77}.
64. (5 − 4x) − 17 ≥ 38
8 76. Let m = the number of miles for which PDQ is less expen-
7(5 − 4x) − 136 ≥ 304 sive. Solve:
35 − 28x − 136 ≥ 304 25 + 0.75(m − 10) < 15 + 1.25(m − 10)
−28x ≥ 405 25 + 0.75m − 7.5 < 15 + 1.25m − 12.5
405 15 < 0.5m
x≤−
28 30 < m

 

405 405
x
x ≤ − , or − ∞, − For deliveries of more than 30 mi, PDQ is less expensive.
28 28 In terms of an inequality, we write {m|m > 30 mi}.

2 7  5 3
66. − 4x − < 78. 12.50n > 300 + 9n
3 8 8 8
3.5n > 300
7 8x 5 3
− − < 5
12 3 8 8 n > 85
7
14 − 64x − 15 < 9
5
−64x < 10 Plan B is better for values of n greater than 85 hr. In

 7

5
10
x > − , or −
5 terms of an inequality we write n

n > 85 hr .
64 32 7

 

5 5 80. Let b = the amount of Giselle’s medical bills.
x
x > − , or − , ∞
32 32 250 + 0.1(b − 250) < 50 + 0.2(b − 50)
68. 0.9(2x + 8) < 20 − (x + 5) 250 + 0.1b − 25 < 50 + 0.2b − 10
9(2x + 8) < 200 − 10(x + 5) 185 < 0.1b
18x + 72 < 200 − 10x − 50 1850 < b
28x < 78 Plan B will save Giselle money for medical bills greater
than $1850. In terms of an inequality we write
78 39
x< , or {b|b > $1850}.
28 14

 

39 39 82. Let x = the amount invested at 3%.
x
x < , or − ∞,
14 14 0.03x + 0.04(20, 000 − x) ≥ 650
70. 0.8 − 4(b − 1) > 0.2 + 3(4 − b) 0.03x + 800 − 0.04x ≥ 650
8 − 40(b − 1) > 2 + 30(4 − b) −0.01x ≥ −150
8 − 40b + 40 > 2 + 120 − 30b x ≤ 15, 000
48 − 40b > 122 − 30b Matthew can invest at most $15,000 at 3% and still be
guaranteed at least $650 in interest per year.
−10b > 74
74 84. a) 5 (F − 32) < 1063
b < − , or − 7.4 9
10 9
F − 32 < 1913.4 Multiplying by
{b|b < −7.4}, or (−∞, −7.4) 5
F < 1945.4
703W Gold is solid at temperatures less than 1945.4◦ F.
72. < 25
772
In terms of an inequality we write
W < 210.8 Rounding
Weights of less than approximately 210.8 lb will keep {F |F < 1945.4}.
Josiah’s body mass index below 25. In terms of an in-
equality we write {W |W < (approximately) 210.8 lb}.

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
 28 Chapter 1: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities

b) 5 (F − 32) < 960.8 10. {a, e, i, o, u} ∩ {m, q, w, s, t} = ∅

9
F − 32 < 1729.44 12. {3, 5, 7} ∩ ∅ = ∅
F < 1761.44 5 3
14. Interval notation for − ≤ m and m < is
Silver is solid at temperatures less than   2 2
1761.44◦ F. In terms of an inequality we write 5 3
− , .
{F |F < 1761.44}. 2 2

d ⫺e w
86. Let d = the dewpoint spread. Then = the number of
3
3◦ blocks of dewpoint spread. Note that the number of 0

3500
thousands in 3500 is , or 3.5. 16. Interval notation for −3 ≤ y ≤ 4 is [−3, 4].
1000
d
> 3.5 ⫺3 0 4
3
d > 10.5
18. −11 < 4x − 3 and 4x − 3 ≤ 13
Dewpoint spreads greater than 10.5◦ will allow the plane
to fly. −8 < 4x and 4x ≤ 16
−2 < x and x≤4
88. 2(x − y) + 10(3x − 7y)
{x| − 2 < x ≤ 4}, or (−2, 4]
= 2x − 2y + 30x − 70y
= 32x − 72y ⫺2 0 4

90. −3(2a − 3b) + 8b

20. 4x − 7 < 1 and 7 − 3x > −8
= −6a + 9b + 8b
4x < 8 and −3x > −15
= −6a + 17b
x < 2 and x<5
92. −12a + 30ab = −6a(2 − 5b)
{x|x < 2}, or (−∞, 2)
94. 10n − 45mn + 100m = 5(2n − 9mn + 20m)
0 2
96. −2.3 + 8.9 = 6.6
22. 5 − 7x > 19 and 2 − 3x < −4
98. −2.3 − (−8.9) = −2.3 + 8.9 = 6.6
−7x > 14 and −3x < −6
100. False; −3 < −2, but (−3)2 > (−2)2 .
x < −2 and x>2
102. No. Let x = 2. Then x < 3 is true, but 0 · x < 0 · 3, or ∅
0 < 0, is false.
24. −6 < x + 6 ≤ 8
104. x+8 < 3+x
−12 < x ≤ 2
8<3 Subtracting x
We get a false inequality. Thus, the original inequality has {x| − 12 < x ≤ 2}, or (−12, 2]
no solution.
26. 3 > −x ≥ −5
−3 < x ≤ 5 Multiplying by −1
Exercise Set 1.5 {x| − 3 < x ≤ 5}, or (−3, 5]
28. −6 ≤ x + 1 < 9
RC2. False
−7 ≤ x < 8
RC4. True
{x| − 7 ≤ x < 8}, or [−7, 8)
2. {1, 5, 10, 15} ∩ {5, 15, 20} = {5, 15}
30. 5 ≤ 8x + 5 ≤ 21
4. {m, n, o, p} ∩ {m, o, p} = {m, o, p}
0 ≤ 8x ≤ 16
6. {1, 5, 10, 15} ∪ {5, 15, 20} = {1, 5, 10, 15, 20} 0≤x≤2
8. {m, n, o, p} ∪ {m, o, p} = {m, n, o, p} {x|0 ≤ x ≤ 2}, or [0, 2]

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 1.5 29

32. −6 ≤ 2x − 3 < 6 46. x − 5 ≤ −4 or 2x − 7 ≥ 3

−6 + 3 ≤ 2x − 3 + 3 < 6 + 3 x≤1 or 2x ≥ 10
−3 ≤ 2x < 9 x≤1 or x≥5
−3 2x 9 {x|x ≤ 1 or x ≥ 5}, or (−∞, 1] ∪ [5, ∞)
≤ <
2 2 2
3 9 ⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1
− ≤x< 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 2

3  

9 3 9 48. 4x − 4 < −8 or 4x − 4 < 12
The solution set is x
− ≤ x < , or − , .
2 2 2 2 4x < −4 or 4x < 16
34. 4 > −3m − 7 ≥ 2 x < −1 or x<4
11 > −3m ≥ 9 {x|x < 4}, or (−∞, 4)
11
− < m ≤ −3
3 ⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

11  

11
6 > 2x − 1 −4 ≤ 2x − 1
m
− < m ≤ −3 , or − , −3 50. or
3 3
2 1 2 6 + 1 > 2x − 1 + 1 or −4 + 1 ≤ 2x − 1 + 1
36. − ≤ 4− x<
3 4 3 7 > 2x or −3 ≤ 2x
14 1 10 1 1 1 1
− ≤− x<− · 7 > · 2x or (−3) ≤ · 2x
3 4 3 2 2 2 2
56 40 7 3
≥x> >x or − ≤x
3 3 2 2

40   All real numbers, or (−∞, ∞)

56 40 56
x
<x≤ , or ,
3 3 3 3 52. 3x + 2 < 2 or 4 − 2x < 14
2x − 5 3x < 0 or −2x < 10
38. −3 < <8
4 x < 0 or x > −5
 2x − 5 
4(−3) < 4 <4·8 All real numbers, or (−∞, ∞)
4
54. −3m − 7 < −5 or −3m − 7 > 5
−12 < 2x − 5 < 32
−12 + 5 < 2x − 5 + 5 < 32 + 5 −3m < 2 or −3m > 12
2
−7 < 2x < 37 m>− or m < −4
3
−7 2x 37

< <
2
2 2 2 m
m < −4 or m > − , or
3
7 37  
− <x< 2
2 2 (−∞, −4) ∪ − , ∞

7   3

37 7 37
x
− < x < , or − , . 1 1
2 2 2 2 56. − 3x ≤ −3.7 or − 5x ≥ 4.8
4 4
40. x < −4 or x > 0 can be written in interval notation as 1  1 
(−∞, −4) ∪ (0, ∞). 40 − 3x ≤ 40(−3.7) or 40 − 5x ≥ 40(4.8)
4 4
10 − 120x ≤ −148 or 10 − 200x ≥ 192
⫺4 0 −120x ≤ −158 or −200x ≥ 182
79 91
42. x ≤ −1 or x > 3 can be written in interval notation as x≥ or x≤−
(−∞, −1] ∪ (3, ∞). 60 100



91 79
x
x ≤ − or x ≥ , or
100 60
   
⫺1 0 3 91 79
− ∞, − ∪ ,∞
100 60
44. x − 2 < −1 or x − 2 > 3
x<1 or x>5
{x|x < 1 or x > 5}, or (−∞, 1) ∪ (5, ∞)

⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
30 Chapter 1: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities

7 − 3x 7 − 3x
58. < −4 or >4 76. 2[5(3 − y) − 2(y − 2)] > y + 4
5 5
7 − 3x < −20 or 7 − 3x > 20 2[15 − 5y − 2y + 4] > y + 4
−3x < −27 or −3x > 13 2[19 − 7y] > y + 4
13 38 − 14y > y + 4
x>9 or x<−
 3  −15y > −34



13 13
x
x < − or x > 9 , or − ∞, − ∪ (9, ∞) y<
34
3 3 15

 
5
34 34
60. a) Solve: 1063◦ ≤ (F − 32) < 2660◦ y
y < , or − ∞,
9 15 15
1945.4◦ ≤ F < 4820◦ 3 1 3 1
5 78. 2x − < − or 2x − >
b) Solve: 960.8◦ ≤ (F − 32) < 2180◦ 4 10 4 10
9 13 17
1761.44◦ ≤ F < 3956◦ 2x <
20
or 2x >
20
62. Let c = the number of crossings per year. Then at the 13 17
x< or x>
rate of $6 per crossing, the total cost of c crossings is $6c. 40 40
Two six-month passes cost 2 · $50, or $100. The additional
   

13 17 13 17
toll of $2 per crossing brings the total cost of c crossings x
x < or x > , or − ∞, ∪ ,∞
to $100 + $2c. A one-year pass costs $400 regardless of the 40 40 40 40
number of crossings. 80. 2x + 3 ≤ x − 6 or 3x − 2 ≤ 4x + 5
Solve: 100 + 2c < 6c and 100 + 2c < 400 x ≤ −9 or −7 ≤ x
We get c > 25 and c < 150, or 25 < c < 150, so for more {x|x ≤ −9 or x ≥ −7}, or (−∞, −9] ∪ [−7, ∞)
than 25 crossings but fewer than 150 crossings per year
the six-month passes are the most economical choice. The 82. We can write a ≤ c and c ≤ b as a ≤ c ≤ b. Then a ≤ b,
solution set is {c|25 < c < 150}. or b ≥ a. The statement is true.
703W 84. If −a < c, then −1(−a) > −1 · c, or a > −c. Then if
64. Solve: 18.5 < < 24.9
772 a > −c and −c > b, we have a > −c > b, so a > b and the
156.0 < W < 210.0 given statement is true.
The solution set is {W |156.0 lb < W < 210.0 lb}.
5d Exercise Set 1.6
66. Solve: 50 < < 100
5 + 12
170 < d < 340
RC2. |x| ≥ 3
The solution set is {d|170 mg < d < 340 mg}.
x ≤ −3 or x ≥ 3
1 7
68. − t+5 = − t The answer is (b).
2 2
5 = −3t RC4. |x| = 3
5
− =t x = −3 or x = 3
3 The answer is (c).
70. 3x − (x − 1) = 19
RC6. |x| > −3
2x + 1 = 19
Since |x| is always nonnegative, the solution is all real
2x = 18
numbers, or (−∞, ∞). The answer is (d).
x=9
72. 6(x − 5) = 2(x + 3)
6x − 30 = 2x + 6 2. |26x| = |26| · |x| = 26|x|

4x = 36 4. |8x2 | = |8| · |x2 | = 8x2

x=9 6. | − 20x2 | = | − 20| · |x2 | = 20x2
74. 4m − 8 > 6m or 5m − 8 < −2
8. | − 17y| = | − 17| · |y| = 17|y|
−8 > 2m or 5m < 6
y
|y|


|y|
6 10.

= =
−4 > m or m< 3 |3| 3
  5


x4
|x4 |

6 6

x4
m
m < , or − ∞, 12.

= =
5 5 −y | − y| |y|

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 1.6 31

−9y 2
−562 = −2000 + |x|
14.


= | − 3y| = | − 3| · |y| = 3|y| 40.
3y
1438 = |x|






5x3

x2


= |x | = x x = −1438 or x = 1438
2 2


16.



=

−25x
−5
| − 5| 5 {−1438, 1438}
18. | − 7 − (−32)| = |25| = 25 42. |2y| = 18
20. |52 − 18| = |34| = 34 2y = −18 or 2y = 18

22. | − 1.8 − (−3.7)| = |1.9| = 1.9 y = −9 or y=9

2  5 

4 5

9
3 {−9, 9}







24.
− −
=
+
=

=
3 6 6 6 6 2 44. |6x| + 8 = 32
26. |x| = 5 |6x| = 24
x = −5 or x = 5 6x = −24 or 6x = 24
{−5, 5} x = −4 or x=4
28. |x| = −9 {−4, 4}
The absolute value of a number is always nonnegative. The 46. 5|x| + 10 = 26
solution set is ∅.
5|x| = 16
30. |y| = 7.4 16
|x| =
y = −7.4 or y = 7.4 5
16 16
{−7.4, 7.4} x=− or x =
5 5
32. |3x − 2| = 6 − ,
16 16
3x − 2 = −6 or 3x − 2 = 6 5 5

4 − 5x

3x = −4 or


3x = 8 48.

=7
6
4 8
x = − or x= 4 − 5x 4 − 5x
3 3 = −7 or =7
6 6
4 8
− , 4 − 5x = −42 or 4 − 5x = 42
3 3
−5x = −46 or −5x = 38
34. |5x + 2| = 3
46 38
5x + 2 = −3 or 5x + 2 = 3 x= or x=−
5 5
5x = −5 or 5x = 1 38 46
− ,
1 5 5
x = −1 or x=
5 50. |t − 7| − 5 = 4
1
− 1, |t − 7| = 9
5
t − 7 = −9 or t − 7 = 9
36. |9y − 2| = 17
t = −2 or t = 16
9y − 2 = −17 or 9y − 2 = 17
{−2, 16}
9y = −15 or 9y = 19
5 19 52. 2|2x − 7| + 11 = 25
y=− or y=
3 9 2|2x − 7| = 14
5 19
− , |2x − 7| = 7
3 9
2x − 7 = −7 or 2x − 7 = 7
38. |x| − 2 = 6.3
2x = 0 or 2x = 14
|x| = 8.3
x = −8.3 or x = 8.3 x=0 or x=7

{−8.3, 8.3} {0, 7}

54. |x − 6| = −8
The absolute value of a number is always nonnegative. The
solution set is ∅.

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
32 Chapter 1: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities

2
4
6 − 8x

7 + 3x








56.
− 4x
= 68.

=


3 5 5 2
2 4 2 4 6 − 8x 7 + 3x 6 − 8x  7 + 3x 
− 4x = − or − 4x = = or =−
3 5 3 5 5 2 5 2
22 2 12 − 16x = 35 + 15x or 12 − 16x = −35 − 15x
−4x = − or −4x =
15 15 −31x = 23 or −x = −47
11 1
x= or x= − 23
30 30 x=− or x = 47
31
1 11
− , 23
− , 47
30 30 31
58. |2x − 8| = |x + 3|
2



7




70.
2 − x
=
4 + x

2x − 8 = x + 3 or 2x − 8 = −(x + 3) 3 8
2 7 2  7 
x = 11 or 2x − 8 = −x − 3 2 − x = 4 + x or 2− x = − 4+ x
3 8 3 8
x = 11 or 3x = 5 37 2 7
5 − x=2 or 2 − x = −4 − x
x = 11 or x= 24 3 8
3 48 5
5 x=− or x = −6
11, 37 24
3 48 144
x=− or x=−
60. |x − 15| = |x + 8| 37 5
48 144
x − 15 = x + 8 or x − 15 = −(x + 8) − ,−
37 5
−15 = 8 or x − 15 = −x − 8 |x| ≤ 5
72.
−15 = 8 or 2x = 7 −5 ≤ x ≤ 5
7
−15 = 8 or x= {x| − 5 ≤ x ≤ 5}, or [−5, 5]
2
The first equation has no solution. The solution set is 74. |y| > 12
7
. y < −12 or y > 12
2
{y|y < −12 or y > 12}, or (−∞, −12) ∪ (12, ∞)
62. |5p + 7| = |4p + 3|
76. |x + 4| ≤ 9
5p + 7 = 4p + 3 or 5p + 7 = −(4p + 3)
−9 ≤ x + 4 ≤ 9
p = −4 or 5p + 7 = −4p − 3
−13 ≤ x ≤ 5
p = −4 or 9p = −10
{x| − 13 ≤ x ≤ 5}, or [−13, 5]
10
p = −4 or p=−
9 78. 2|x − 2| > 6
10 |x − 2| > 3
− 4, −
9
x − 2 < −3 or x − 2 > 3
64. |m − 7| = |7 − m|
x < −1 or x>5
m − 7 = 7 − m or m − 7 = −(7 − m)
{x|x < −1 or x > 5}, or (−∞, −1) ∪ (5, ∞)
2m = 14 or m − 7 = −7 + m
80. |5x + 2| ≤ 3
m=7 or 0=0
−3 ≤ 5x + 2 ≤ 3
All real numbers are solutions.
−5 ≤ 5x ≤ 1
66. |8 − q| = |q + 19| 1
−1 ≤ x ≤
8 − q = q + 19 or 8 − q = −(q + 19) 5

 
−2q = 11 or 8 − q = −q − 19
1 1
x
− 1 ≤ x ≤ , or − 1,
11 5 5
q=− or 8 = −19
2 82. |3y − 4| > 8
The second equation has no solution. The solution set is 3y − 4 < −8 or 3y − 4 > 8
11
− . 3y < −4 or 3y > 12
2
4
y < − or y>4
3  



4 4
y
y < − or y > 4 , or − ∞, − ∪ (4, ∞)
3 3

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 1.6 33

x + 5

84. |9y − 2| ≥ 17


98.

≤2
4
9y − 2 ≤ −17 or 9y − 2 ≥ 17 x+5
−2 ≤ ≤2
9y ≤ −15 or 9y ≥ 19 4
5 19 −8 ≤ x + 5 ≤ 8
y≤− or y≥


3 9 −13 ≤ x ≤ 3

5 19
y
y ≤ − or y ≥ , or {x| − 13 ≤ x ≤ 3}, or [−13, 3]
3 9
   
1 + 3x
7
5 19


− ∞, − ∪ ,∞ 100.

>
3 9 5 8
1 + 3x 7 1 + 3x 7
86. |p − 2| < 6 <− or >
5 8 5 8
−6 < p − 2 < 6 35 35
1 + 3x < − or 1 + 3x >
−4 < p < 8 8 8
43 27
{p| − 4 < p < 8}, or (−4, 8) 3x < − or 3x >
8 8
88. |5x + 2| ≤ 13 43 9
x<− or x>
−13 ≤ 5x + 2 ≤ 13 24 8



43 9
−15 ≤ 5x ≤ 11 x
x < − or x > , or
24 8
11    
−3 ≤ x ≤ 43 9
5 − ∞, − ∪ ,∞

  24 8

11 11
x
− 3 ≤ x ≤ , or − 3, 102. |t − 7| + 3 ≥ 4
5 5
|t − 7| ≥ 1
90. |7 − 2y| > 5
t − 7 ≤ −1 or t − 7 ≥ 1
7 − 2y < −5 or 7 − 2y > 5
t≤6 or t≥8
−2y < −12 or −2y > −2
{t|t ≤ 6 or t ≥ 8}, or (−∞, 6] ∪ [8, ∞)
y>6 or y<1
{y|y < 1 or y > 6}, or (−∞, 1) ∪ (6, ∞) 104. 16 ≤ |2x − 3| + 9
7 ≤ |2x − 3|
92. |2 − 9p| ≥ 17
2x − 3 ≤ −7 or 2x − 3 ≥ 7
2 − 9p ≤ −17 or 2 − 9p ≥ 17
2x ≤ −4 or 2x ≥ 10
−9p ≤ −19 or −9p ≥ 15
19 5 x ≤ −2 or x≥5
p≥ or p≤−
9 3 {x|x ≤ −2 or x ≥ 5}, or (−∞, −2] ∪ [5, ∞)



5 19
3x − 2

p
p ≤ − or p ≥ , or


3 9 106.

≥1
    5
5 19 3x − 2 3x − 2
− ∞, − ∪ ,∞ ≤ −1 or ≥1
3 9 5 5
94. | − 5 − 7x| ≤ 30 3x − 2 ≤ −5 or 3x − 2 ≥ 5

−30 ≤ −5 − 7x ≤ 30 3x ≤ −3 or 3x ≥ 7
7
−25 ≤ −7x ≤ 35 x ≤ −1 or x≥
3
25
 
≥ x ≥ −5
7 7
7 x
x ≤ −1 or x ≥ , or (−∞, −1] ∪ , ∞

  3 3

25 25
x
− 5 ≤ x ≤ , or − 5, 7 7
7 7 108. y<−

1
9 10



96.
y − 6
> 24 y<−
9
4 10
1 1    
y − 6 < −24 or y − 6 > 24 9 9
4 4 y|y < − , or − ∞, −
10 10
1 1
y < −18 or y > 30
4 4 110. 8 > −x ≥ 4
y < −72 or y > 120 −8 < x ≤ −4
{y|y < −72 or y > 120}, or (−∞, −72) ∪ (120, ∞) {x| − 8 < x ≤ −4}, or (−8, −4]

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
 34 Chapter 1: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities

112. −2 ≤ 6x − 4 < 20 4. The intersection of two sets A and B is the set of all mem-
2 ≤ 6x < 24 bers that are common to A and B.
1 5. When two or more sentences are joined by the word and
≤x<4
3
to make a compound sentence, the new sentence is called
   

1 1 a conjunction of the sentences.
x

≤ x < 4 , or ,4
3 3
6. When two sets have no elements in common, the intersec-
114. l ≥ w + 3, tion of the two sets is the empty set.
2l + 2w ≤ 24 7. Two sets with an empty intersection are said to be
The width must be more than 0 in. The maximum value disjoint sets.
of w occurs when l = w + 3. Then
8. The union of two sets A and B is the collection of elements
2l + 2w ≤ 24
belonging to A and/or B.
2(w + 3) + 2w ≤ 24
2w + 6 + 2w ≤ 24 9. When two or more sentences are joined by the word or to
make a compound sentence, the new sentence is called a
4w + 6 ≤ 24 disjunction of the sentences.
4w ≤ 18
10. The addition principle for equations states that for any
w ≤ 4.5 real numbers a, b, and c, a = b is equivalent to a+c = b+c.
Thus, the solution set is {w|0 in. < w ≤ 4.5 in.}.
11. The multiplication principle for equations states that for

1

116. 1 −

x + 8

=
3 any real numbers a, b, and c, a = b is equivalent to
4 4 a · c = b · c.

1



1 12. For any real numbers a and b, the distance between them
−
x + 8
= −
4 4 is |a − b|.

1



1

x + 8
=
4 4
1 1 1 1 Chapter 1 Concept Reinforcement
x+8 = or x + 8 = −
4 4 4 4
1 31 1 33
x=− or x=− 1. True; see page 5 in the text.
4 4 4 4
x = −31 or x = −33 2. False; the variable t appears on both sides of the formula
{−31, −33} 3B − mt
t= , so the original formula has not been solved
n
118. |x − 1| = x − 1 only when x − 1 ≥ 0, or x ≥ 1. The solution for t.
set is {x|x ≥ 1}, or [1, ∞).
3. False; see page 38 in the text.
120. |3x − 4| > −2
4. False; numbers in the interval (1, 2) are solutions of x < 2,
From the definition of absolute value we know that but they are not solutions of x ≤ 1.
|3x − 4| ≥ 0. Thus, |3x − 4| > −2 is true for all x. The
solution set is the set of all real numbers. 5. True; see page 57 in the text.

122. |y| ≤ 5 6. False; |0| = 0.

124. −5 < x < 1 7. True; we have

−3 < x + 2 < 3 Adding 2 |a − b| = | − 1 · (−a + b)| = | − 1| · | − a + b| = 1 · | − a + b| =
| − a + b|, or |b − a|.
|x + 2| < 3

Chapter 1 Study Guide

Chapter 1 Vocabulary Reinforcement

1. 28 − 7x = 7
1. An inequality is a sentence containing <, ≤, >, ≥, or =.
28 − 7(−3) ?
7
2. Using set-builder notation, we write the solution set for

28 + 21

x < 7 as {x|x < 7}.



49
FALSE
3. Using interval notation, we write the solution set of
−5 ≤ y < 16 as [−5, 16). The number −3 is not a solution of the equation.

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1 Summary and Review: Review Exercises 35

2. 2(x + 2) = 5(x − 4) 10. |8 − (−20)| = |8 + 20| = |28| = 28

2x + 4 = 5x − 20 11. |5x − 1| = 9
4 = 3x − 20 5x − 1 = −9 or 5x − 1 = 9
24 = 3x 5x = −8 or 5x = 10
8=x 8
x = − or x=2
The solution is 8. 5
 
8
1 The solution set is − ,2 .
3. F = gh 5
4
4F = gh 12. |z + 4| = |3z − 2|
4F z + 4 = 3z − 2 or z + 4 = −(3z − 2)
=h
g −2z + 4 = −2 or z + 4 = −3z + 2
4. 8 − 3x ≤ 3x + 6 −2z = −6 or 4z + 4 = 2
−2 : We substitute and get 8 − 3(−2) ≤ 3(−2) + 6, z=3 or 4z = −2
or 8 + 6 ≤ −6 + 6, or 14 ≤ 0, a false sentence. 1
Therefore, −2 is not a solution. z=3 or z=−
2
 
5 : We substitute and get 8 − 3 · 5 ≤ 3 · 5 + 6, or 1
8 − 15 ≤ 15 + 6, or −7 ≤ 21, a true sentence. The solution set is 3, − .
2
Therefore, 5 is a solution.
13. a) |2x + 3| < 5
5. a) Interval notation for {t|t < −8} is (−∞, −8).
−5 < 2x + 3 < 5
b) Interval notation for {x| − 7 ≤ x < 10} is [−7, 10).
−8 < 2x < 2
c) Interval notation for {b|b ≥ 3} is [3, ∞).
−4 < x < 1
6. 5y + 5 < 2y − 1 The solution set is {x| − 4 < x < 1}, or (−4, 1).
3y + 5 < −1 b) |3x + 2| ≥ 8
3y < −6 3x + 2 ≤ −8 or 3x + 2 ≥ 8
y < −2 3x ≤ −10 or 3x ≥ 6
The solution set is {y|y < −2}, or (−∞, −2). 10
x≤− or x≥2
The graph of the solution set is shown below. 3



10
The solution set is x

x ≤ − or x ≥ 2 , or
⫺2 0   3
10
− ∞, − ∪ [2, ∞).
7. −4 ≤ 5x + 6 < 11 3
−10 ≤ 5x < 5
−2 ≤ x < 1
Chapter 1 Review Exercises
The solution set is {x| − 2 ≤ x < 1}, or [−2, 1).
The graph of the solution set is shown below.
1. −11 + y = −3
−11 + y + 11 = −3 + 11
⫺2 0 1
y=8
8. z+4 < 3 or 4z + 1 ≥ 5 The number 8 checks, so it is the solution.
z < −1 or 4z ≥ 4
2. −7x = −3
z < −1 or z≥1
−7x −3
The solution set is {z|z < −1 or z ≥ 1}, or =
−7 −7
(−∞, −1) ∪ [1, ∞). 3
x=
The graph of the solution set is shown below. 7
3
The number checks, so it is the solution.
7

9. |8y 2 | = |8| · |y 2 |
= 8y 2 Since y 2 is never negative

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
36 Chapter 1: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities

3. 5 7 Solve. We solve the equation.

− x + = −5
3 3
  x + (x + 1) = 371
5 7
3 − x+ = 3(−5) Clearing fractions 2x + 1 = 371
3 3
−5x + 7 = −15 2x = 370

−5x = −22 x = 185

22 If x = 185, then x + 1 = 185 + 1 = 186.
x=
5 Check. 185 and 186 are consecutive integers and
22 185 + 186 = 371. The answer checks.
The number checks, so it is the solution.
5 State. The numbers on the markers are 185 and 186.
4. 6(2x − 1) = 3 − (x + 10)
10. Familiarize. Let x = the length of the longer piece of
12x − 6 = 3 − x − 10 4
rope, in meters. Then x = the length of the shorter piece.
12x − 6 = −7 − x 5
Translate.
13x − 6 = −7
Length of Length of
13x = −1 longer piece
plus
shorter piece  m .
is 27
1  
   
  
x=−   
13
1 4
The number − checks, so it is the solution. x +
5
x = 27
13
Solve. We solve the equation.
5. 2.4x + 1.5 = 1.02
4
100(2.4x + 1.5) = 100(1.02) Clearing decimals x + x = 27
5
240x + 150 = 102 9
x = 27
240x = −48 5
x = −0.2 5
x = · 27
9
The number −0.2 checks, so it is the solution.
x = 15
6. 2(3 − x) − 4(x + 1) = 7(1 − x) 4 4
If x = 15, then x = · 15 = 12.
6 − 2x − 4x − 4 = 7 − 7x 5 5
4
2 − 6x = 7 − 7x Check. 12 m is of 15 m and 12 m + 15 m = 27, so the
5
2+x = 7 answer checks.
x=5 State. The lengths of the pieces are 15 m and 12 m.
The number 5 checks, so it is the solution.
11. Familiarize. Let p = the former population.

7. 4 Translate.
C = d+3 Former former
11 plus 12% of is 179, 200
4 population population
C −3 = d Subtracting 3  
     
  
11
11
(C − 3) = d Multiplying by
11 p + 12% · p = 179, 200
4 4 Solve. We solve the equation.
8. A = 2a − 3b p + 12% · p = 179, 200
A − 2a = −3b p + 0.12p = 179, 200
A − 2a
= b, or 1.12p = 179, 200
−3
2a − A p = 160, 000
=b Check. 12% of 160,000 is 0.12(160, 000) = 19, 200 and
3
160, 000 + 19, 200 = 179, 200. The answer checks.
9. Familiarize. Let x = the smaller number. Then x + 1 =
the larger number. State. The former population is 160,000.
Translate. 12. Familiarize. We will use the formula d = rt. Arnie’s
Smaller
 number plus larger number is 371. speed on the walkway is 3 + 6 = 9 ft/sec.
   
  
Translate.
x + (x + 1) = 371 d = rt
360 = 9t

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1 Summary and Review: Review Exercises 37

1 1 1 1
Solve. We solve the equation. 23. − x− > − x
2 4 2 4
360 = 9t 1 1 1
40 = t − x− >
4 4 2
Check. If Arnie travels at a speed of 9 ft/sec for 40 sec, 1 3
− x >
he travels 9 · 40 = 360 ft. The answer checks. 4 4
State. It will take Arnie 40 sec to walk the length of the x < −3 Reversing the inequality symbol
walkway. The solution set is {x|x < −3}, or (−∞, −3).

13. Interval is [−8, 9). 24. 0.3y − 8 < 2.6y + 15

14. Interval notation is (−∞, 40]. −2.3y − 8 < 15

−2.3y < 23
15. x − 2 ≤ −4
y > −10 Reversing the inequality symbol
x ≤ −2
The solution set is {y|y > −10}, or (−10, ∞).
The solution set is (−∞, −2].
25. −2(x − 5) ≥ 6(x + 7) − 12
⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
−2x + 10 ≥ 6x + 42 − 12
−2x + 10 ≥ 6x + 30
16. x+5 > 6 −8x + 10 ≥ 30
x>1 −8x ≥ 20
The solution set is (1, ∞). 5
x≤− Reversing the inequality symbol
2

  

5 5
The solution set is x

x ≤ − , or − ∞, − .
⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 2
17. a + 7 ≤ −14
26. Familiarize. Let t = the length of time of the move, in
a ≤ −21 hours. Then Metro Movers charges 85+40t and Champion
The solution set is {a|a ≤ −21}, or (−∞, −21]. Moving charges 60t.
Translate.
18. y − 5 ≥ −12
Cost of is more Cost of
y ≥ −7 Champion Moving than Metro Movers
The solution set is {y|y ≥ −7}, or [−7, ∞).  
    


19. 4y > −16 60t > 85 + 40t

y > −4 Solve. We solve the inequality.
The solution set is {y|y > −4}, or (−4, ∞). 60t > 85 + 40t
20t > 85
20. −0.3y < 9
17 1
y > −30 Reversing the inequality symbol t>
4
, or 4
4
The solution set is {y|y > −30}, or (−30, ∞). 17
Check. When t = hr, Champion Moving charges
4
21. −6x − 5 < 13 17
60 · , or $255, and Metro Movers charges
−6x < 18 4
17
x > −3 Reversing the inequality symbol 85 + 40 · = 85 + 170 = $255. For a value of t greater
4
The solution set is {x|x > −3}, or (−3, ∞). 1
than 4 , say 5, Champion Moving charges 60 · 5 = $300,
4
22. 4y + 3 ≤ −6y − 9 and Metro Movers charges 85 + 40 · 5 = 85 + 200 = $285.
This partial check tells us that the answer is probably cor-
10y + 3 ≤ −9
rect.
10y ≤ −12
State. Champion Moving is more expensive
 for

moves tak-

6 1
1
y≤− ing more than 4 hr. The solution set is t

t > 4 hr .
5

   4 4

6 6
The solution set is y

y ≤ − , or − ∞, − . 27. Familiarize. Let x = the amount invested at 3%. Then
5 5
30, 000 − x = the amount invested at 4%. The interest
earned on the 3% investment is 3%x, or 0.03x, and the
interest earned on the 4% investment is 4%(30, 000 − x),
or 0.04(30, 000 − x).

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
38 Chapter 1: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities

Translate. 36. 2x + 5 < −17 or −4x + 10 ≤ 34

Interest on
plus
Interest on is at
$1100 2x < −22 or −4x ≤ 24
3% investment 4% investment least
 
   
  
  x < −11 or x ≥ −6
The solution set is {x|x < −11 or x ≥ −6}, or
0.03x + 0.04(30, 000 − x) ≥ 1100 (−∞, −11) ∪ [−6, ∞).
Solve. We solve the inequality.
37. 2x + 7 ≤ −5 or x + 7 ≥ 15
0.03x + 0.04(30, 000 − x) ≥ 1100
2x ≤ −12 or x≥8
0.03x + 1200 − 0.04x ≥ 1100
x ≤ −6 or x≥8
−0.01x + 1200 ≥ 1100
The solution set is {x|x ≤ −6 or x ≥ 8}, or
−0.01x ≥ −100
(−∞, −6] ∪ [8, ∞).
x ≤ 10, 000





3

−3
| − 3| 3
38.

−

=


= =
x

Check. If $10,000 is invested at 3%, then the amount in-
x |x| |x|
vested at 4% is $30, 000−$10, 000, or $20,000. The interest



earned is 0.03($10, 000) + 0.04($20, 000), or
2x
|2x| |2| · |x| 2|x|
$300+$800, or $1100. Then if less than $10,000 is invested 39.

2

= 2 = = 2
y |y | y2 y
at 3%, the interest earned will be more than $1100. This





12y

−4
| − 4| 4
40.


=

=
partial check shows that the answer is probably correct.
=
State. At most $10,000 can be invested at 3% interest. −3y 2

y
|y| |y|

28. Interval notation for −2 ≤ x < 5 is [−2, 5). 41. | − 23 − 39| = | − 62| = 62, or
|39 − (−23)| = |39 + 23| = |62| = 62
⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 42. |x| = 6

29. Interval notation for x ≤ −2 or x > 5 is (−∞, −2]∪(5, ∞). x = −6 or x = 6 Absolute-value principle
The solution set is {−6, 6}.
⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 43. |x − 2| = 7

30. {1, 2, 5, 6, 9} ∩ {1, 3, 5, 9} = {1, 5, 9} x − 2 = −7 or x − 2 = 7

x = −5 or x=9
31. {1, 2, 5, 6, 9} ∪ {1, 3, 5, 9} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9}
The solution set is {−5, 9}.
32. 2x − 5 < −7 and 3x + 8 ≥ 14
44. |2x + 5| = |x − 9|
2x < −2 and 3x ≥ 6
2x + 5 = x − 9 or 2x + 5 = −(x − 9)
x < −1 and x≥2
x + 5 = −9 or 2x + 5 = −x + 9
The intersection of {x|x < −1} and {x ≥ 2} is ∅, so the
x = −14 or 3x + 5 = 9
solution set is ∅.
x = −14 or 3x = 4
33. −4 < x + 3 ≤ 5 4
x = −14 or x=
−7 < x ≤ 2 Subtracting 3 3
 
The solution set is {x| − 7 < x ≤ 2}, or (−7, 2]. The solution set is − 14,
4
.
3
34. −15 < −4x − 5 < 0
45. |5x + 6| = −8
−10 < −4x < 5 Adding 5
5 5 The absolute value of a number is always nonnegative.
>x>− Dividing by −4 and reversing Thus, the solution set is ∅.
2 4
the inequality symbol

 46. |2x + 5| < 12

5 5
The solution set is x

> x > − , or −12 < 2x + 5 < 12

 2 4

5 5 5 5 −17 < 2x < 7


x
− < x < , or − , .
4 2 4 2 17 7
− <x<
2 2
35. 3x < −9 or −5x < −5 
  

17 7 17 7
x < −3 or x>1 The solution set is x

− <x< , or − , .
2 2 2 2
The solution set is {x|x < −3 or x > 1}, or
(−∞, −3) ∪ (1, ∞).

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1 Test 39

47. |x| ≥ 3.5 Then the solution set for the original inequality is

 

x ≤ −3.5 or x ≥ 3.5
8
8
x

− ≤ x ≤ −2 ∪ ∅, or x

− ≤ x ≤ −2 . This is
The solution set is {x|x ≤ −3.5 or x ≥ 3.5}, or 3  3 
(−∞, −3.5] ∪ [3.5, ∞). 8
expressed in interval notation as − , −2 .
3
48. |3x − 4| ≥ 15
53. When the signs of the quantities on either side of the in-
3x − 4 ≤ −15 or 3x − 4 ≥ 15 equality symbol are changed, their relative positions on the
3x ≤ −11 or 3x ≥ 19 number line are reversed.
11 19
x≤− or x≥ 54. The distance between x and −5 is |x − (−5)|, or |x + 5|.
3 3

 Then the solutions of the inequality |x + 5| ≤ 2 can be

11 19


The solution set is x
x ≤ − or x ≥ , or interpreted as “all those numbers x whose distance from
3 3 −5 is at most 2 units.”
   
11 19
− ∞, − ∪ ,∞ . 55. When b ≥ c, then [a, b] ∪ [c, d] = [a, d].
3 3
56. The solutions of |x| ≥ 6 are those numbers whose dis-
49. |x| < 0
tance from zero is greater than or equal to 6. In addition
The absolute value of a number is always greater than or to the numbers in [6, ∞), the distance of the numbers in
equal to 0, so the solution set is ∅. (−∞, −6] from 0 is also greater than or equal to 6. Thus,
[6, ∞) is only part of the solution of the inequality.
50. In 2010, t = 2010 − 1980 = 30.
G = 0.506t + 18.3 57. (1) −9(x + 2) = −9x − 18, not −9x + 2. (2) This would
be correct if (1) were correct except that the inequality
G = 0.506(30) + 18.3 = 15.18 + 18.3 = 33.48
symbol should not have been reversed. (3) If (2) were
We estimate carbon dioxide emissions to be 33.48 billion correct, the right-hand side would be −5, not 8. (4) The
metric tons in 2010. Answer B is correct. inequality symbol should be reversed. The correct solution
is
51. We want to find the value of t for which 35 < G < 40. We
have 7 − 9x + 6x < −9(x + 2) + 10x
35 < 0.506t + 18.3 < 40 7 − 9x + 6x < −9x − 18 + 10x
16.7 < 0.506t < 21.7 7 − 3x < x − 18
33 < t < 43. Rounding −4x < −25
Thus, for years between 33 yr after 1980 and 43 yr after 25
x> .
1980, global carbon dioxide emissions are predicted to be 4
between 35 and 40 billion metric tons. These are the years 58. By definition, the notation 3 < x < 5 indicates that 3 < x
between 2013 and 2023. Answer A is correct. and x < 5. A solution of the disjunction 3 < x or x < 5
must be in at least one of these sets but not necessarily in
52. |2x + 5| ≤ |x + 3|
both, so the disjunction cannot be written as 3 < x < 5.
|2x + 5| ≤ x + 3 or |2x + 5| ≤ −(x + 3)
First we solve |2x + 5| ≤ x + 3.
−(x + 3) ≤ 2x + 5 and 2x + 5 ≤ x + 3 Chapter 1 Test
−x − 3 ≤ 2x + 5 and x ≤ −2
−8 ≤ 3x and x ≤ −2 1. x+7 = 5
8 x+7−7 = 5−7
− ≤x and x ≤ −2
3 x = −2
The

solution set 
for this portion of the inequality is The number −2 checks, so it is the solution.

8
x

− ≤ x ≤ −2 .
3 2. −12x = −8
Now we solve |2x + 5| ≤ −(x + 3). −12x −8
=
−[−(x + 3)] ≤ 2x + 5 and 2x + 5 ≤ −(x + 3) −12 −12
2
x + 3 ≤ 2x + 5 and 2x + 5 ≤ −x − 3 x=
3
−2 ≤ x and 3x ≤ −8 2
8 The number checks, so it is the solution.
−2 ≤ x and x≤− 3
3
The solution set for this portion of the inequality is ∅.

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
40 Chapter 1: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities

3 2
3. x− = Solve. We solve the equation.
5 3
2
3 3 2 3 48 = 2l + 2 · l
x− + = + 3
5 5 3 5
4
10 9 48 = 2l + l
x= + 3
15 15
10
19 48 = l
x= 3
15
3
19 · 48 = l
The number checks, so it is the solution. 10
15
72
4. 3y − 4 = 8 = l, or
5
3y = 12 Adding 4 2
14 = l
y=4 Dividing by 3 5
72 2 2 72 48 3
The number 4 checks, so it is the solution. If l = , then l = · = , or 9 .
5 3 3 5 5 5
5. 1.7y − 0.1 = 2.1 − 0.3y 3 2 2
Check. 9 ft is two-thirds of 14 ft and 2 · 14 + 2 · 9 =
3
2y − 0.1 = 2.1 Adding 0.3y 5 5 5 5
72 48 144 96 240
2y = 2.2 Adding 0.1 2· +2· = + = = 48. The answer checks.
5 5 5 5 5
y = 1.1 Dividing by 2 2
State. The length of the room is 14 ft and the width is
The number 1.1 checks, so it is the solution. 5
3
9 ft.
6. 5(3x + 6) = 6 − (x + 8) 5
15x + 30 = 6 − x − 8 10. Familiarize. Let c = the number of copies the firm can
make. The rental cost for 3 months is 3 · $240, or $720,
15x + 30 = −2 − x
c · c, or $0.015c.
and the cost of the copies is 1.5/
16x + 30 = −2
Translate.
16x = −32 is no
  cost plus copycost more than
Rental $1500
x = −2
    
 
The number −2 checks, so it is the solution.
7. A = 3B − C 720 + 0.015c ≤ 1500
Solve. We solve the inequality.
A + C = 3B Adding C
A+C 720 + 0.015c ≤ 1500
=B Dividing by 3 0.015c ≤ 780
3
8. m = n − nt c ≤ 52, 000
m = n(1 − t) Factoring out n Check. If 52,000 copies are made, the total cost is $720 +
m $0.015(52, 000) = $1500. For more than 52,000 copies, say
=n Dividing by 1 − t 52,001, the total cost is $720 + $0.015(52, 001) ≈ $1500.02.
1−t
The answer checks.
9. Familiarize. Let l = the length of the room, in feet. Then
2 State. The law firm can make at most 52,000 copies.
l = the width. Recall that the formula for the perimeter
3 11. Familiarize. Let p = the former population.
P of a rectangle with length l and width w is P = 2l + 2w.
Translate.
Translate. We substitute in the formula. Former Former
P = 2l + 2w minus 12% of is 158, 400.
population population
2  
     
  
48 = 2l + 2 · l
3 p − 12% · p = 158, 400
Solve. We solve the equation.
p − 12% · p = 158, 400
p − 0.12p = 158, 400
0.88p = 158, 400
p = 180, 000
Check. 12% of 180,000 is 0.12(180, 000) = 21, 600 and
180, 000 − 21, 600 = 158, 400 so the answer checks.
State. The former population of Baytown was 180,000.

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1 Test 41

12. Familiarize. Let x = the measure of the smallest angle. State. It will take the boat 4 hr to travel 36 mi upstream.
Then x + 1 and x + 2 represent the measures of the other
14. Interval notation for {x| − 3 < x ≤ 2} is (−3, 2].
two angles. Recall that the sum of the measures of the
angles in a triangle is 180◦ . 15. Interval notation is (−4, ∞).
Translate. 16. x−2 ≤ 4
◦
The
 the measures is
sum of   180
 x≤6 Adding 2
x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 180 The solution set is {x|x ≤ 6}, or (−∞, 6].
Solve. We solve the equation.
⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 180
3x + 3 = 180 17. −4y − 3 ≥ 5
3x = 177 −4y ≥ 8
x = 59 y ≤ −2 Reversing the inequality symbol
If x = 59, then x+1 = 59+1 = 60 and x+2 = 59+2 = 61. The solution set is {y|y ≤ −2}, or (−∞, −2].
Check. The numbers 59, 60, and 61 are consecutive inte-
gers and 59◦ + 60◦ + 61◦ = 180◦ . The answer checks. ⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

State. The measures of the angles are 59◦ , 60◦ , and 61◦ .
18. x−4 ≥ 6
13. First we will find how long it takes the boat to travel 36 mi x ≥ 10 Adding 4
downstream. The solution set is {x|x ≥ 10}, or [10, ∞).
Familiarize. We will use the formula d = rt. Let t =
19. −0.6y < 30
the time, in hours, it will take the boat to travel 36 mi
downstream. The speed of the boat traveling downstream y > −50 Reversing the inequality symbol
is 12 + 3, or 15 mph. The solution set is {y|y > −50}, or (−50, ∞).
Translate. 20. 3a − 5 ≤ −2a + 6
d = rt
5a − 5 ≤ 6
36 = 15t
5a ≤ 11
Solve. We solve the equation. 11
36 = 15t a≤
5 
  
12
11 11
= t, or

The solution set is a
a ≤ , or − ∞, .
5 5 5
2
2 =t 21. −5y − 1 > −9y + 3
5
12 4y − 1 > 3
Check. If the boat travels at 15 mph for hr, it travels
5 4y > 4
12
15 · , or 36 mi. The answer checks. y>1
5
2 The solution set is {y|y > 1}, or (1, ∞).
State. It will take the boat 2 hr to travel 36 mi down-
5 22. 4(5 − x) < 2x + 5
stream.
20 − 4x < 2x + 5
Now we find how long it will take the boat to travel 36 mi 20 − 6x < 5
upstream. −6x < −15
Familiarize. We will use the formula d = rt. Let t = 5
x>
the time, in hours, it will take the boat to travel 36 mi 2 
  
upstream. The speed of the boat traveling upstream is
5 5
12 − 3, or 9 mph. The solution set is x

x > , or ,∞ .
2 2
Translate. 23. −8(2x + 3) + 6(4 − 5x) ≥ 2(1 − 7x) − 4(4 + 6x)
d = rt
−16x − 24 + 24 − 30x ≥ 2 − 14x − 16 − 24x
36 = 9t
−46x ≥ −14 − 38x
Solve. We solve the equation.
−8x ≥ −14
36 = 9t
7
4=t x≤

4  
Check. If the boat travels at 9 mph for 4 hr, it travels
7 7
The solution set is x

x ≤ , or − ∞, .
9 · 4, or 36 mi. The answer checks. 4 4

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
42 Chapter 1: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities

24. Familiarize. Let t = the length of time of the move, 29. −3 < x − 2 < 4
in hours. Then Motivated Movers charges 105 + 30t and −1 < x < 6 Adding 2
Quick-Pak Moving charges 80t.
The solution set is {x| − 1 < x < 6}, or (−1, 6).
Translate.
Cost of is more Cost of 30. −11 ≤ −5x − 2 < 0
Quick-Pak than Motivated Movers −9 ≤ −5x < 2
 
    
 9 2
≥x>−
80t > 105 + 30t 5 5 


9 2
Solve. We solve the inequality. The solution set is x

≥ x > − , or
5 5
80t > 105 + 30t 
  

2 9 2 9
50t > 105 x

− < x ≤ , or − , .
5 5 5 5
21 1
t> , or 2 31. −3x > 12 or 4x > −10
10 10
5
Check. When t =
21
hr, Motivated Movers charges x < −4 or x > −
10 
2 
21 21
5
105 + 30 · , or $168, and Quick-Pak charges 80 · , or The solution set is x

x < −4 or x > − , or
10 10   2
1 5
$168. For a value of t greater than 2 , say 3, Motivated (−∞, −4) ∪ − , ∞ .
10 2
Movers charges 105+30·3, or $195, and Quick-Pak charges
80·3, or $240, so Quick-Pak is more expensive. This partial 32. x − 7 ≤ −5 or x − 7 ≥ −10
check tells us that the answer is probably correct. x≤2 or x ≥ −3
State. Quick-Pak is more expensive

for moves
 more than The union of (−∞, 2] and [−3, ∞) is the set of all real
1
1
2

hr. The solution set is t
t > 2 hr . numbers, or (−∞, ∞).
10 10
33. 3x − 2 < 7 or x − 2 > 4
d
25. Familiarize. We will use the formula P = 1 + . 3x < 9 or x>6
33
Translate. We want to find those values of P for which x < 3 or x>6
2≤P ≤8 The solution set is {x|x < 3 or x > 6}, or (−∞, 3)∪(6, ∞).



or
7
|7| 7
34.



= =
2≤1+
d
≤ 8. x |x| |x|
33



−6x2

Solve. We solve the inequality. 35.


= | − 2x| = | − 2| · |x| = 2|x|
d 3x

2 ≤ 1+ ≤8
33 36. |4.8 − (−3.6)| = |4.8 + 3.6| = |8.4| = 8.4, or
d | − 3.6 − 4.8| = | − 8.4| = 8.4
1≤ ≤7
33
37. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} ∩ {3, 5, 11, 13} = {3, 5}
33 ≤ d ≤ 231
Check. We could do a partial check by substituting some 38. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} ∪ {3, 5, 11, 13} = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13}
values for d in the formula. The result checks. 39. |x| = 9
State. The pressure is at least 2 atm and at most 8 atm x = −9 or x = 9 Absolute-value principle
for depths d in the set {d|33 ft ≤ d ≤ 231 ft}.
The solution set is {−9, 9}.
26. Interval notation for −3 ≤ x ≤ 4 is [−3, 4].
40. |x − 3| = 9
x − 3 = −9 or x − 3 = 9
⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x = −6 or x = 12
27. Interval notation for x < −3 or x > 4 is (−∞, −3)∪(4, ∞). The solution set is {−6, 12}.
41. |x + 10| = |x − 12|
⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x + 10 = x − 12 or x + 10 = −(x − 12)
28. 5 − 2x ≤ 1 and 3x + 2 ≥ 14 10 = −12 or x + 10 = −x + 12
−2x ≤ −4 and 3x ≥ 12 10 = −12 or 2x = 2
x≥2 and x≥4 10 = −12 or x=1
The intersection of {x|x ≥ 2} and {x|x ≥ 4}, is {x|x ≥ 4}, The first equation has no solution. The solution of the
or [4, ∞). second equation is 1, so the solution set is {1}.

Copyright 
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1 Test 43

42. |2 − 5x| = −10 49. 7x < 8 − 3x < 6 + 7x

The absolute value of a number is always nonnegative. 7x < 8 − 3x and 8 − 3x < 6 + 7x
Thus, the solution set is ∅. 10x < 8 and −10x < −2
43. |4x − 1| < 4.5 4 1
x< and x>
5 5
−4.5 < 4x − 1 < 4.5 
 


4
1
−3.5 < 4x < 5.5 The intersection of x

x < and x

x > is
5 5
−0.875 < x < 1.375 
  

1 4 1 4
x

< x < , or , .
The solution set is {x| − 0.875 < x < 1.375}, or 5 5 5 5
(−0.875, 1.375). This could also be expressed as

  

7 11 7 11


x
− < x < , or − , .
8 8 8 8
44. |x| > 3
x < −3 or x > 3
The solution set is {x|x < −3 or x > 3}, or
(−∞, −3) ∪ (3, ∞).




6 − x





7
≤ 15
45.

6−x
−15 ≤ ≤ 15
7
−105 ≤ 6 − x ≤ 105 Multiplying by 7
−111 ≤ −x ≤ 99
111 ≥ x ≥ −99
The solution set is {x|111 ≥ x ≥ −99}, or
{x| − 99 ≤ x ≤ 111}, or [−99, 111].
46. | − 5x − 3| ≥ 10
−5x − 3 ≤ −10 or −5x − 3 ≥ 10
−5x ≤ −7 or −5x ≥ 13
7 13
x≥ or x≤−
5 5



13 7
The solution set is x

x ≤ − or x ≥ , or
    5 5
13 7
− ∞, − ∪ ,∞ .
5 5
47. 2(3x − 6) + 5 = 1 − (x − 6)
6x − 12 + 5 = 1 − x + 6
6x − 7 = 7 − x
7x − 7 = 7
7x = 14
x=2
The number 2 checks, so it is the solution. The solution is
between 1 and 3, so answer C is correct.

48. |3x − 4| ≤ −3
The absolute value of a number is always nonnegative, so
|3x − 4| cannot be less than −3. Thus, the solution set is
∅.

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c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.