🧠 Today’s Lecture Report: Viruses and
Hacking
🔹 Step 1: What is a Computer Virus?
A computer virus is a small, harmful program that can make a computer “sick,” just like a germ
makes a person sick.
It attaches itself to other files or programs and spreads whenever those files are opened or
shared.
When a virus enters a computer, it can:
● Slow down the computer.
● Delete or damage important files.
● Show annoying messages or pop-ups.
● Make the computer behave strangely without your permission.
💡 Analogy:
A virus is like a sneaky germ that hides in food. If you eat the food, the germ makes you unwell.
Similarly, if you open a bad file or click on a bad link, a computer virus can enter your system
and cause harm.
🔹 Step 2: Other Kinds of Bad Software (Malware)
The word “malware” means malicious software — any software that is created to harm your
computer or steal information.
Here are some common types:
● Virus: Copies itself and spreads to other files or computers.
● Worm: Spreads automatically through the internet or networks without needing you to
click anything.
● Trojan: Looks like something safe (like a fun game or picture) but hides harmful actions
inside.
● Spyware: Secretly watches what you do online and sends your information (like
passwords) to someone else.
● Ransomware: Locks your files and asks for money to unlock them — like a kidnapper
demanding ransom.
🔹 Step 3: How Viruses and Malware Spread
Viruses and malware can enter your computer in several ways. Here are the most common:
1. Opening email attachments from people you don’t know.
2. Clicking on strange links in emails, messages, or websites.
3. Downloading games or apps from untrusted or fake websites.
4. Visiting unsafe websites that may automatically install harmful software.
💡 Example:
If a message says “ 🎮Click here for a free game!” and you click it, it might actually install a
Trojan on your computer instead of giving you a real game.
🔹 Step 4: What Are Pop-Up Ads?
Pop-up ads are small windows or boxes that suddenly appear on your screen while you are
browsing the internet.
They often show advertisements or messages like “You won a prize!” or “Your computer is
infected — click here to fix it!”
⚠️ Be careful!
Many pop-ups are fake and can contain links that install viruses or steal information.
Always close pop-ups by clicking the “X” in the corner — never click inside the ad itself.
💡 Tip:
If you see too many pop-ups appearing often, your computer might already have a virus or
adware.
🔹 Step 5: Who Are Hackers?
A hacker is a person who uses computer skills to explore, change, or control systems and
networks.
There are two main types of hackers:
● 🧑💻 Good Hackers (Ethical Hackers):
They help companies find and fix security problems to keep people safe.
● 😈 Bad Hackers (Malicious Hackers):
They try to steal passwords, money, or private information, or damage systems just for
fun or profit.
💡 Analogy:
A locksmith who helps you open your locked door is like a good hacker.
A thief who picks your lock to steal things is like a bad hacker.
🔹 Step 6: What Do Bad Hackers Try To Do?
Bad hackers use tricks and software to:
● Steal personal information like passwords or bank details.
● Read private messages or access hidden files.
● Make computers or networks do things without the owner knowing (like sending spam
messages).
● Spread viruses to other computers.
🔹 Step 7: Signs a Computer Might Be Infected
If your computer starts acting strangely, it might have a virus or malware.
Here are some warning signs to look for:
● The computer becomes slow or freezes often.
● You see lots of pop-up ads even when you’re not online.
● Some files disappear or their names change.
● New or strange programs appear that you didn’t install.
● Your browser opens websites you didn’t ask for.
● You get messages about someone trying to log in to your accounts.
🔹 Step 8: How to Stay Safe Online
Follow these simple rules to keep your computer healthy and safe:
1. Don’t click unknown links or attachments.
2. Download apps or games only from trusted stores like Google Play or Apple App
Store.
3. Use strong passwords — at least 8 characters long, mixing letters, numbers, and
symbols.
○ Example: Esha@2025!
4. Never share passwords with anyone.
5. Ask an adult before installing anything or entering personal information.
6. Avoid suspicious websites and pop-ups.
7. Keep your device updated and use antivirus software.
🔹 Step 9: What To Do If You Think Your Computer Is
Infected
If you ever think something is wrong with your computer:
1. Don’t panic. Stay calm.
2. Disconnect from the Internet by turning off Wi-Fi — this stops the virus from
spreading.
3. Tell an adult or teacher right away.
4. Don’t enter any passwords until the computer is checked and safe again.
5. If files are locked or a message asks for money (ransomware), don’t pay — ask an adult
or a computer expert for help.
✅ Summary — What We Learned Today
● Viruses are harmful programs that can make your computer sick.
● Malware includes viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware, and ransomware.
● Hackers can be good (ethical) or bad (malicious).
● Pop-up ads can be dangerous — don’t click on them.
● Always use strong passwords, avoid strange links, and ask an adult when unsure.
● If your computer acts weirdly, tell an adult right away.
