Operations with

Decimals
MODULE

5
?
LESSON 5.1
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Dividing Whole
How can you use operations Numbers
COMMON
with decimals to solve CORE 6.NS.2
real-world problems?
LESSON 5.2
Adding and
Subtracting Decimals
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

LESSON 5.3
Multiplying Decimals
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

LESSON 5.4
Dividing Decimals
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

LESSON 5.5
Applying Operations
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with Rational
Numbers
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

Real-World Video
The gravitational force on Earth’s moon is less than
the gravitational force on Earth. You can calculate
your weight on the moon by multiplying your
my.hrw.com weight on Earth by a decimal.
Getty Images

my.hrw.com my.hrw.com Math On the Spot Animated Math Personal Math Trainer
Go digital with your Scan with your smart Interactively explore Get immediate
write-in student phone to jump directly key concepts to see feedback and help as
edition, accessible on to the online edition, how math works. you work through
any device. video tutor, and more. practice sets.

103
 Are YOU Ready?
Complete these exercises to review skills you will need Personal
for this module. Math Trainer
Online
Assessment and
Represent Decimals my.hrw.com Intervention

EXAMPLE Think: 1 square = 1 of 100 equal parts

1 , or 0.01
= ____
100
10 squares = 10 of 100 equal parts
1
= ___
10
, or 0.1
So, 20 squares represent 2 × 0.1, or 0.2.

Write the decimal represented by the shaded square.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Multiply Decimals by Powers of 10

EXAMPLE 6.574 × 100 Count the zeros in 100: 2 zeros.

6.574 × 100 = 657.4 Move the decimal point 2 places to the right.

Find the product.

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5. 0.49 × 10 6. 25.34 × 1,000 7. 87 × 100

Words for Operations

EXAMPLE Write a numerical expression for Think: Product means “to multiply.”
the product of 5 and 9.
5×9 Write 5 times 9.

Write a numerical expression for the word expression.

8. 20 decreased by 8 9. the quotient of 14 and 7

10. the difference between 72 and 16 11. the sum of 19 and 3

104 Unit 2
 Reading Start-Up Vocabulary
Review Words
Visualize Vocabulary decimal (decimal)
✔ denominator
Use the ✔ words to complete the chart. You may put more (denominador)
than one word in each section. divide (dividir)
✔ dividend (dividendo)
✔ divisor (divisor)
÷ 450 ÷ 9 = 50
✔ fraction bar (barra de
fracciones)
✔ multiply (multiplicar)
✔ numerator (numerador)
Dividing Numbers ✔ operation (operación)
450
✔ product (producto)
___
9 Not division ✔ quotient (cociente)
✔ rational number (número
racional)
✔ symbol (símbolo)
whole number (número
entero)
Understand Vocabulary
Match the term on the left to the definition on the right.

1. divide A. The bottom number in a fraction.

2. denominator B. The top number in a fraction.

3. quotient C. To split into equal groups.

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4. numerator D. The answer in a division problem.

Active Reading
Booklet Before beginning the module, create
a booklet to help you learn the concepts in this
module. Write the main idea of each lesson on
its own page of the booklet. As you study each
lesson, record examples that illustrate the main
idea and make note of important details. Refer to
your finished booklet as you work on assignments
and study for tests.

Module 5 105
 MODULE 5

Unpacking the Standards

Understanding the standards and the vocabulary terms in the
standards will help you know exactly what you are expected to
learn in this module.

COMMON
CORE 6.NS.2
Fluently divide multi-digit
What It Means to You
numbers using the standard You will use your prior knowledge of division of whole numbers
algorithm. to perform division with decimals.

Key Vocabulary UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.NS.2

quotient (cociente) Eugenia and her friends bought frozen
The result when one number is yogurt for 45 cents per ounce. Their
divided by another. total was $11.25. How many ounces
did they buy?

Divide 11.25 by 0.45.

25
⎯
0.45⟌ 11.25
90
225
225
0

They bought 25 ounces of frozen yogurt.

COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
Fluently add, subtract, multiply, What It Means to You
and divide multi-digit decimals You will use your prior knowledge of operations with whole

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

using the standard algorithm numbers to perform operations with decimals.
for each operation.
UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.NS.3
Key Vocabulary
Estimate and find the exact answer.
algorithm (algoritmo)
A set of rules or a procedure A. 3.25 × 4.8 B. 132.5 - 18.9
for solving a mathematical
problem in a finite number 3 × 5 = 15 133 - 19 = 114
of steps.
3.25 132.5
× 4.8 -18.9
2600 113.6
Visit my.hrw.com 13000
to see all the 15.600
Common Core
Standards
unpacked.
my.hrw.com

106 Unit 2
 LESSON
Dividing Whole
5.1
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.2
...Divide multi-digit
numbers using the standard
Numbers algorithm....

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you divide multi-digit whole numbers?

COMMON
6.NS.2
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE

Estimating Quotients
You can use estimation to predict the quotient of multi-digit whole numbers.

A local zoo had a total of 98,464 visitors last year. The zoo was open
every day except for three holidays. On average, about how many
visitors did the zoo have each day?
quotient
⎯
A To estimate the average number of visitors per day, you can divide divisor⟌ dividend
the total number of visitors by the number of days. To estimate the
quotient, first estimate the dividend by rounding the number of visitors
to the nearest ten thousand.

98,464 rounded to the nearest ten thousand is .

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©John Coletti/

B There were 365 days last year. How many

days was the petting zoo open?

C Estimate the divisor by rounding the number of days that the zoo was
open to the nearest hundred.

rounded to the nearest hundred is .

D Estimate the quotient. ÷ =

The average number of visitors per day last year was about .

Reflect
Getty Images

1. How can you check that your quotient is correct?

2. Critical Thinking Do you think that your estimate is greater than or

less than the actual answer? Explain.

Lesson 5.1 107

 Using Long Division
The exact average number of visitors per day at the zoo in the Explore Activity
is the quotient of 98,464 and 362. You can use long division to find this
quotient.
Math On the Spot
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EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.2

A local zoo had a total of 98,464 visitors last year. The zoo was open every
day except three holidays? On average, how many visitors did the zoo
have each day?

STEP 1 362 is greater than 9 and 98, so divide 984 by 362. Place the first
digit in the quotient in the hundreds place. Multiply 2 by 362 and
Math Talk place the product under 984. Subtract.
Mathematical Practices
How does the estimate from 2
⎯
the Explore Activity compare 362⟌ 98,464
to the actual average
number of visitors - 72 4
per day? 26 0

STEP 2 Bring down the tens digit. Divide 2,606 by 362. Multiply 7 by 362
and place the product under 2,606. Subtract.

27
⎯
362⟌ 98,464
-72 4
26 06
-25 34
72

STEP 3 Bring down the ones digit. Divide the ones.

272
⎯
362⟌ 98,464

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

-72 4
26 06
-25 34
724
-724
0

The average number of visitors per day last year was 272.

YOUR TURN
Personal
Math Trainer Find each quotient.
Online Assessment
and Intervention 3. 34,989 ÷ 321 4. 73,375 ÷ 125
my.hrw.com

108 Unit 2
 Dividing with a Remainder
Suppose you and your friend want to divide 9 polished rocks between you so that
you each get the same number of polished rocks. You will each get 4 rocks with 1
rock left over. You can say that the quotient 9 ÷ 2 has a remainder of 1.
Math On the Spot
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EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.2

Callie has 1,850 books. She must pack them into My Notes
boxes to ship to a bookstore. Each box holds 12
books. How many boxes will she need to pack all
of the books?
154 R2
⎯
Divide 1,850 by 12. 12 ⟌ 1,850
-12
65
-60
50
-48
_
2

The quotient is 154, remainder 2. You can write 154 R2.

Reflect
5. Interpret the Answer What does the remainder mean in this situation?

6. Interpret the Answer How many boxes does Callie need to pack the
books? Explain.
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YOUR TURN
Divide.
⎯
7. 5,796 ÷ 25 8. 67⟌ 3,098

9. A museum gift shop manager wants to put 1,578 polished rocks into
small bags to sell as souvenirs. If the shop manager wants to put
15 rocks in each bag, how many complete bags can be filled? How Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
many rocks will be left over? and Intervention
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Lesson 5.1 109

Guided Practice
1. Estimate: 31,969 ÷ 488 (Explore Activity)

Round the numbers and then divide.

31,969 ÷ 488 = ÷ =

Divide. (Example 1, Example 2)

2. 3,072 ÷ 32 = 3. 4,539 ÷ 51 = 4. 9,317 ÷ 95 =

9
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
32 ⟌ 3, 0 7 2 51 ⟌ 4, 5 3 9 95 ⟌ 9, 3 1 7
− − −
1 9 2 4 5 9
− − −

5. 2,226 ÷ 53 = 6. Divide 4,514 by 74. 7. 3,493 ÷ 37 =

8. 2,001 ÷ 83 = 9. 39,751 ÷ 313 = 10. 35,506 ÷ 438 =

11. During a food drive, a local middle school collected 8,982 canned food
items. Each of the 28 classrooms that participated in the drive donated
about the same number of items. Estimate the number of items each
classroom donated. (Explore Activity)

12. A theater has 1,120 seats in 35 equal rows. How many seats are in each
row? (Example 1)

13. There are 1,012 souvenir paperweights that need to be packed in boxes.
Each box will hold 12 paperweights. How many boxes will be needed?
(Example 2)

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?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

14. What steps do you take to divide multi-digit whole numbers?

110 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

5.1 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.NS.2 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Divide.
15. 44,756 ÷ 167 = 16. 87,628 ÷ 931 =

17. 66,253 ÷ 317 = 18. 76,255 ÷ 309 =

19. 50,779 ÷ 590 = 20. 97,156 ÷ 107 =

21. 216,016 ÷ 368 = 22. 107,609 ÷ 72 =

23. Emilio has 8,450 trees to plant in rows on his tree farm. He will plant
125 trees per row. How many full rows of trees will he have? Explain.

24. Camilla makes and sells jewelry. She has 8,160 silver beads and 2,880
black beads to make necklaces. Each necklace will contain 85 silver beads

and 30 black beads. How many necklaces can she make?

25. During a promotional weekend, a state fair gives a free admission to every
175th person who enters the fair. On Saturday, there were 6,742 people
attending the fair. On Sunday, there were 5,487 people attending the fair.
How many people received a free admission over the two days?

26. How is the quotient 80,000 ÷ 2,000 different from the quotient
80,000 ÷ 200 or 80,000 ÷ 20?
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27. Given that 9,554 ÷ 562 = 17, how can you find the quotient
95,540 ÷ 562?

28. Earth Science The diameter of the Moon is about 3,476 kilometers. Diameter 3,476 km
The distance from Earth to the Moon is about 384,400 kilometers.
About how many moons could be lined up in a row between Earth
and the Moon? Round to the nearest whole number.

Lesson 5.1 111

29. Vocabulary Explain how you could check the answer to a division
question in which there is a remainder.

30. Yolanda is buying a car with a base price of $16,750. She must also
pay the options, fees, and taxes shown. The car dealership will give Jackson
her 48 months to pay off the entire amount. Yolanda can only afford Auto Dealer
to pay $395 each month. Will she be able to buy the car? Explain. 4-door sedan

base price $16,750

options $ 500

fees $ 370

taxes $ 1,425

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING

Work Area
31. Check for Reasonableness Is 40 a reasonable estimate of a quotient for
78,114 ÷ 192? Explain your reasoning.

32. Critique Reasoning Harrison predicted that the actual quotient for
57,872 ÷ 305 will be less than the estimate 60,000 ÷ 300 = 200. Is
Harrison correct? Explain how Harrison arrived at his prediction (without
dividing the actual numbers).

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

33. Make a Prediction In preparation for a storm, the town council buys
13,750 pounds of sand to fill sandbags. Volunteers are trying to decide
whether to fill bags that can hold 25 pounds of sand or bags that can
hold 50 pounds of sand. Will they have more or fewer sandbags if they fill
the 25-pound bags? How many more or fewer? Explain your reasoning.

112 Unit 2
 LESSON
Adding and
5.2
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
Fluently add [and] subtract...
decimals using the standard
Subtracting Decimals algorithm....

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you add and subtract decimals?

COMMON
6.NS.3
EXPLORE ACTIVITY
CORE

Modeling Decimal Addition

You have probably used decimal grids to model decimals. For example,
25
the decimal 0.25, or ___
100
, can be modeled by shading 25 squares in a
10 × 10 grid. You can also use decimal grids to add decimal values.

A chemist combines 0.17 mL of water and 0.49 mL of hydrogen

peroxide in a beaker. How much total liquid is in the beaker?
A How many grid squares should you shade to represent
0.17 mL of water? Why?

B How many grid squares should you shade to represent

0.49 mL of hydrogen peroxide?

C Use the grid at the right to model the addition. Use one
color for 0.17 mL of water and another color for 0.49 mL of
hydrogen peroxide.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

D How much total liquid is in the beaker? 0.17 + 0.49 = mL

Reflect
Multiple Representations Show how to shade each grid to represent the
sum. Then find the sum.
1. 0.24 + 0.71 = 2. 0.08 + 0.65 =

Lesson 5.2 113

 Adding Decimals
Adding decimals is similar to adding whole numbers. First align the numbers by
place value. Start adding at the right and regroup when necessary. Bring down
the decimal point into your answer.
Math On the Spot
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EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

Susan rode her bicycle 3.12 miles on Monday and 4.7 miles
on Tuesday. How many miles did she ride in all?

STEP 1 Align the decimal points.

3 · 1 2

STEP 2 Add zeros as placeholders + 4 · 7 0

when necessary.
7 · 8 2

STEP 3 Add from right to left.

Susan rode 7.82 miles in all.

STEP 4 Use estimation to check that the answer is reasonable.

Round each decimal to the nearest whole number.
3.12 3
+
__4.70 +
_ 5
7.82 8
Since 8 is close to 7.82, the answer is reasonable.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Jacek

Reflect
3. Why can you rewrite 4.7 as 4.70?

4. Why is it important to align the decimal points when adding? Chabraszewski / Shutterstock

YOUR TURN
Add.
Personal 5. 0.42 + 0.27 = 6. 0.61 + 0.329 =
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com 7. 3.25 + 4.6 = 8. 17.27 + 3.88 =

114 Unit 2
 Subtracting Decimals
The procedure for subtracting decimals is similar to the procedure for adding
decimals.

Math On the Spot

COMMON
EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE CORE 6.NS.3 my.hrw.com

A Mia is 160.2 centimeters tall. Rosa is 165.1 centimeters tall.

How much taller is Rosa than Mia?
STEP 1 Align the decimal points. 4 1 My Notes
1 6 5 · 1
STEP 2 Add zeros as placeholders - 1 6 0 · 2
when necessary.
4 · 9
STEP 3 Subtract from right to left,
regrouping when necessary.

Rosa is 4.9 centimeters taller than Mia.

To check that your answer is reasonable, you can estimate.

Round each decimal to the nearest whole number.
165.1 165
-
__160.2 -
__160
4.9 5
Since 5 is close to 4.9, the answer is reasonable.

B Matthew throws a discus 58.7 meters. Zachary throws the discus

56.12 meters. How much farther did Matthew throw the discus?
STEP 1 Align the decimal points. 6 10
5 8 · 7 0
STEP 2 Add zeros as placeholders when - 5 6 · 1 2
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

necessary.
2 · 5 8
STEP 3 Subtract from right to left,
regrouping when necessary. Math Talk
Mathematical Practices
Matthew threw the discus 2.58 meters farther How can you
than Zachary. check a subtraction
problem?
To check that your answer is reasonable, you can estimate.
Round each decimal to the nearest whole number.

58.7 59
-
__56.12 -
_ 56
2.58 3
Since 3 is close to 2.58, the answer is reasonable.

Lesson 5.2 115

Guided Practice
Shade the grid to find each sum. (Explore Activity)
1. 0.72 + 0.19 = 2. 0.38 + 0.4 =

Add. Check that your answer is reasonable. (Example 1)

3. 54.87 55 4. 5.
+ 7.48 + 7 2.19 0.215
__ _
+ 34.92 + + 3.74 +
__ __ __ __

Subtract. Check that your answer is reasonable. (Example 2)

6. 9.73 10 7. 8.
18.419 5.006
- 7.16
__ - 7
_
- 6.47 - - 3.2 -
__ __ __ __

Add or subtract. (Example 1, Example 2)

9. 17.2 + 12.9 = 10. 28.341 + 37.5 = 11. 25.36 - 2.004 =

12. 15.52 − 8.17 = 13. 25.68 + 12 = 14. 150.25 - 78 =

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

15. Perry connects a blue garden hose and a green garden hose to
make one long hose. The blue hose is 16.5 feet. The green hose is
14.75 feet. How long is the combined hose? (Example 1)

16. Keisha has $20.08 in her purse. She buys a book for $8.72.
How much does she have left? (Example 2)

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

17. How is adding and subtracting decimals similar to adding and subtracting
whole numbers?

116 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

5.2 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.NS.3 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Add or subtract.

18. 28.6 - 0.975 = 19. 5.6 - 0.105 =

20. 7.03 + 33.006 = 21. 57.42 + 4 + 1.602 =

22. 2.25 + 65.47 + 2.333 = 23. 18.419 - 6.47 =

24. 83 - 12.76 = 25. 102.01 - 95.602 =

26. Multiple Representations Ursula wrote the sum 5.815 + 6.021 as a sum
of two mixed numbers.
a. What sum did she write?
b. Compare the sum of the mixed
numbers to the sum of the decimals.

Use the café menu to answer 27–29.

27. Stephen and Jahmya are having lunch. Stephen buys a

garden salad, a veggie burger, and lemonade. Jahmya buys a
fruit salad, a toasted cheese sandwich, and a bottle of water.
Whose lunch cost more? How much more?

28. Jahmya wants to leave $1.75 as a tip for her server. She has a
$20 bill. How much change should she receive after paying
for her food and leaving a tip?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

29. What If? In addition to his meal, Stephen orders a fruit salad
for take-out, and wants to leave $2.25 as a tip for his server.
He has a $10 bill and a $5 bill. How much change should he
receive after paying for his lunch, the fruit salad, and the tip?

30. A carpenter who is installing cabinets uses thin pieces of

material called shims to fill gaps. The carpenter uses four
shims to fill a gap that is 1.2 centimeters wide. Three of the
shims are 0.75 centimeter, 0.125 centimeter, and 0.09
centimeter wide. What is the width of the fourth shim?

Lesson 5.2 117

31. A CD of classical guitar music contains 5 songs. The length of each song is
shown in the table.

Track 1 Track 2 Track 3 Track 4 Track 5

6.5 minutes 8 minutes 3.93 minutes 4.1 minutes 5.05 minutes

a. Between each song is a 0.05-minute break. How long does it

take to listen to the CD from the beginning of the first song

to the end of the last song?

b. What If? Juan wants to buy the CD from an Internet music site.
He downloads the CD onto a disc that can hold up to 60 minutes
of music. How many more minutes of music can he still buy after

downloading the CD?

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

32. Analyze Relationships Use the decimals 2.47, 9.57, and 7.1 to write two
different addition facts and two different subtraction facts.

33. Communicate Mathematical Ideas The Commutative Property of

Addition states that you can change the order of addends in a sum. The
Associative Property of Addition states that you can change the grouping

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Creatas/

of addends in a sum. Use an example to show how the Commutative
Property of Addition and the Associative Property of Addition apply to
adding decimals.

34. Critique Reasoning Indira predicts that the actual difference of

Getty Images

19 - 7.82 will be greater than the estimate of 19 - 8 = 11. Is Indira

correct? Explain how Indira might have arrived at that prediction without
subtracting the actual numbers.

118 Unit 2
 LESSON

5.3 Multiplying Decimals

COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
Fluently …multiply…
multi-digit decimals using
the standard algorithm… .

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you multiply decimals?

COMMON
6.NS.3
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE

Modeling Decimal Multiplication

Use decimal grids or area models to find each product.
0.3
A 0.3 × 0.5
0.3 × 0.5 represents 0.3 of 0.5. Shade 5 rows
0.5
of the decimal grid to represent 0.5.
Shade 0.3 of each 0.1 that is already shaded

to represent 0.3 of .

square(s) are double-shaded.

This represents hundredth(s), or 0.15.
0.3 × 0.5 =
B 3.2 × 2.1 3.2
Use an area model. In the model, the large
squares represent wholes, the small rectangles
along the right and lower edges represent tenths,
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

and the small squares at the lower right represent 2.1

hundredths. The model is 3 and 2 tenths units long,
and 2 and 1 tenth unit wide.
The area of the model is
whole(s) + tenth(s) + hundredth(s) square units.
3.2 × 2.1 =

Reflect
1. Analyze Relationships How are the products 2.1 × 3.2 and 21 × 32
alike? How are they different?

Lesson 5.3 119

 Multiplying Decimals
To multiply decimals, first multiply as you would with whole numbers. Then
place the decimal point in the product. The number of decimal places in the
product equals the sum of the number of decimal places in the factors.
Math On the Spot
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EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

Delia bought 3.8 pounds of peppers. The peppers cost $1.99

per pound. What was the total cost of Delia’s peppers?
1.99 ← 2 decimal places
×
__ 3.8 ← + 1 decimal place
1592
+
__5970
7.562 ← 3 decimal places
Round the answer to hundredths
The peppers cost $7.56. to show a dollar amount.

Reflect
2. Communicate Mathematical Ideas How can you use estimation to
check that you have placed the decimal point correctly in your product?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©PhotoDisc/

YOUR TURN
Multiply.
3. 12.6 ← decimal place(s) 4. 9.76 ← decimal place(s)

× +
15.3 ← _____________________ × 0.46 ← _____________________
decimal place(s) __________ + decimal place(s)
Getty Images

______
378

Personal
Math Trainer +
____________ +
____________
Online Assessment
and Intervention ← ←
decimal place(s) decimal place(s)
my.hrw.com

120 Unit 2
 Estimating to Check Reasonableness
In Example 1, you used estimation to check whether the decimal point was
placed correctly in the product. You can also use estimation to check that your
answer is reasonable.
Math On the Spot
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EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

Blades of grass grow 3.75 inches per month. If the grass continues
to grow at this rate, how much will the grass grow in 6.25 months?
​  3.75 ​ ← 2 decimal places
   
×
__ + 2 decimal places
6.25 ← _________________ Animated
 ​   ​    Math
1875 my.hrw.com
​     7500 ​
       
+
__ 225000
My Notes
23.4375 ← 4 decimal places

The grass will grow 23.4375 inches in 6.25 months.

Estimate to check whether your answer is reasonable.
Round 3.75 to the nearest whole number.     
Round 6.25 to the nearest whole number.     
Multiply the whole numbers.      ×      = 24
The answer is reasonable because 24 is close to 23.4375.

YOUR TURN
Multiply.
5. ​    
7.14 ​ 6. ​    
11.49 ​
×__6.78 × __8.27
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5712

​ ____________
+
  
​ ____________
+
  ​
     ​
     
7. Rico bicycles at an average speed of 15.5 miles per hour.

What distance will Rico bicycle in 2.4 hours?       miles

8. Use estimation to show that your answer to 7 is reasonable. Personal

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and Intervention
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Lesson 5.3 121

Guided Practice
1. Use the grid to multiply 0.4 × 0.7. 2. Draw an area model to multiply 1.1 × 2.4.
(Explore Activity) (Explore Activity)

0.4 × 0.7 = 1.1 × 2.4 =

Multiply. (Example 1 and Example 2)

3. 0.18 × 0.06 = 4. 35.15 × 3.7 =

5. 0.96 × 0.12 = 6. 62.19 × 32.5 =

7. 3.4 × 4.37 = 8. 3.762 × 0.66 =

9. Chan Hee bought 3.4 pounds of coffee that cost $6.95 per pound.

How much did he spend on coffee? $

10. Adita earns $9.40 per hour working at an animal shelter.

How much money will she earn for 18.5 hours of work? $

Catherine tracked her gas purchases for one month. Week Gallons Cost per gallon ($)
11. How much did Catherine spend on gas in week 2? 1 10.4 2.65
2 11.5 2.54
$
3 9.72 2.75

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12. How much more did she spend in week 4 than 4 10.6 2.70

in week 1? $

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

13. How can you check the answer to a decimal multiplication problem?

122 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

5.3 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer

COMMON
Online
CORE 6.NS.3 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Make a reasonable estimate for each situation.

14. A gallon of water weighs 8.354 pounds. Simon uses 11.81 gallons
of water while taking a shower. About how many pounds of water
did Simon use?

15. A snail moves at a speed of 2.394 inches per minute. If the snail
keeps moving at this rate, about how many inches will it travel
in 7.489 minutes?

16. Tricia’s garden is 9.87 meters long and 1.09 meters wide. What is the
area of her garden?

Kaylynn and Amanda both work at the same store. The table shows
how much each person earns, and the number of hours each person
works in a week.
Wage Hours worked
per week
Kaylynn $8.75 per hour 37.5
Amanda $10.25 per hour 30.5

17. Estimate how much Kaylynn earns in a week.

18. Estimate how much Amanda earns in a week.

19. Calculate the exact difference between Kaylynn and Amanda’s weekly
salaries.

20. Victoria’s printer can print 8.804 pages in one minute. If Victoria prints
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pages for 0.903 minutes, about how many pages will she have?

A taxi charges a flat fee of $4.00 plus $2.25 per mile.

21. How much will it cost to travel 8.7 miles?

22. Multistep How much will the taxi driver earn if he takes one passenger
4.8 miles and another passenger 7.3 miles? Explain your process.

Lesson 5.3 123

Kay goes for several bike rides one week. The table shows her speed and
the number of hours spent per ride.
Speed (in miles per hour) Hours Spent on Bike
Monday 8.2 4.25
Tuesday 9.6 3.1
Wednesday 11.1 2.8
Thursday 10.75 1.9
Friday 8.8 3.75

23. How many miles did Kay bike on Thursday?

24. On which day did Kay bike a whole number of miles?

25. What is the difference in miles between Kay’s longest bike ride and her
shortest bike ride?

26. Check for Reasonableness Kay estimates that Wednesday’s ride was
about 3 miles longer than Tuesday’s ride. Is her estimate reasonable?
Explain.

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING

Work Area

27. Explain the Error To estimate the product 3.48 × 7.33, Marisa multiplied
4 × 8 to get 32. Explain how she can make a closer estimate.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

28. Represent Real-World Problems A jeweler buys gold jewelry and resells
the gold to a refinery. The jeweler buys gold for $1,235.55 per ounce, and
then resells it for $1,376.44 per ounce. How much profit does the jeweler
make from buying and reselling 73.5 ounces of gold?

29. Problem Solving To find the weight of the gold in a 22 karat gold object,
multiply the object’s weight by 0.917. To find the weight of the gold in
a 14 karat gold object, multiply the object’s weight by 0.583. A 22 karat
gold statue and a 14 karat gold statue both weigh 73.5 ounces. Which one
contains more gold? How much more gold does it contain?

124 Unit 2
 LESSON

5.4 Dividing Decimals

COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
Fluently …divide multi-digit
decimals using the standard
algorithm… .

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you divide decimals?

COMMON
6.NS.3
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE

Modeling Decimal Division

Use decimal grids to find each quotient.
A 6.39 ÷ 3
Shade grids to model 6.39. Separate the model into 3 equal groups.

How many are in each group?

6.39 ÷ 3 =
B 6.39 ÷ 2.13
Shade grids to model 6.39. Separate the model into groups of 2.13.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

How many groups do you have?

6.39 ÷ 2.13 =

Reflect
1. Multiple Representations When using models to divide decimals,
when might you want to use grids divided into tenths instead of
hundredths?

Lesson 5.4 125

 Dividing Decimals by Whole Numbers
Dividing decimals is similar to dividing whole numbers. When you divide
a decimal by a whole number, the placement of the decimal point in the
quotient is determined by the placement of the decimal in the dividend.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

My Notes A A high school track is 9.76 meters wide. It is divided 1.22

⎯⎯⎯
into 8 lanes of equal width for track and field events. 8⟌ 9.76
How wide is each lane? -8
17
Divide using long division as with whole numbers. -1 6
16
Place a decimal point in the quotient directly above -16
the decimal point in the dividend. 0
Each lane is 1.22 meters wide.
B Aerobics classes cost $153.86 for 14 sessions. 10.99
Math Talk ⎯⎯⎯⎯
What is the fee for one session? 14⟌ 153.86
Mathematical Practices
- 14
How can you check Divide using long division as with whole numbers. 13
to see that the answer
is correct? -0
Place a decimal point in the quotient directly above 13 8
the decimal point in the dividend. -1 2 6
1 26
The fee for one aerobics class is $10.99.
-1 2 6
0
Reflect
2. Check for Reasonableness How can you estimate
to check that your quotient in A is reasonable?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

YOUR TURN
Divide.

⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯
3. 5⟌ 9.75 4. 7⟌ 6.44
Personal
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and Intervention
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126 Unit 2
 Dividing a Decimal by a Decimal
When dividing a decimal by a decimal, first change the divisor to a whole
number by multiplying by a power of 10. Then multiply the dividend by
the same power of 10.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

A Ella uses 0.5 pound of raspberries in each raspberry cake that

she makes. How many cakes can Ella make with 3.25 pounds
of raspberries?
STEP 1 The divisor has one decimal STEP 2 Divide.
place, so multiply both the 6.5
⎯⎯⎯
dividend and the divisor 5⟌ 32.5
by 10 so that the divisor −30
is a whole number. 25
⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯ −2 5
0.5⟌ 3.25 0.5⟌ 3.25 0
0.5 × 10 = 5

3.25 × 10 = 32.5
Math Talk
Ella can make 6 cakes. Mathematical Practices
The number of cakes Ella
B Anthony spent $11.52 for some pens that were on sale can make is not equal to the
for $0.72 each. How many pens did Anthony buy? quotient. Why not?

STEP 1 The divisor has two decimal STEP 2 Divide.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Photodisc/

places, so multiply both the 16

⎯⎯⎯
dividend and the divisor by ⟌
72 1152
100 so that the divisor is a −72
whole number. 432
⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯ − 432
0.72⟌ 11.52 0.72⟌ 11.52 0
0.72 × 100 = 72

11.52 × 100 = 1152

Anthony bought 16 pens.

Getty Images

YOUR TURN
Divide.

⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯
5. 0.5⟌ 4.25 6. 0.84⟌ 15.12 Personal
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Lesson 5.4 127

Guided Practice
Divide. (Explore Activity, Examples 1 and 2)
⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯
1. 4⟌ 29.5 2. 3.1⟌ 10.261
⎯ ⎯⎯⎯
3. 2.4⟌ 16.8 4. 0.96⟌ 0.144

5. 38.5 ÷ 0.5 = 6. 23.85 ÷ 9 =

7. 5.6372 ÷ 0.17 = 8. 8.19 ÷ 4.2 =

9. 66.5 ÷ 3.5 = 10. 0.234 ÷ 0.78 =

11. 78.74 ÷ 12.7 = 12. 36.45 ÷ 0.09 =

13. 90 ÷ 0.36 = 14. 18.88 ÷ 1.6 =

15. Corrine has 9.6 pounds of trail mix to divide into 12 bags. How many
pounds of trail mix will go in each bag?

16. Michael paid $11.48 for sliced cheese at the deli counter. The cheese cost
$3.28 per pound. How much cheese did Michael buy?

17. A four-person relay team completed a race in 72.4 seconds. On average,

what was each runner’s time?

18. Elizabeth has a piece of ribbon that is 4.5 meters long. She wants to cut
it into pieces that are 0.25 meter long. How many pieces of ribbon will
she have?

19. Lisa paid $43.95 for 16.1 gallons of gasoline. What was the cost per gallon,
rounded to the nearest hundredth?

20. One inch is equivalent to 2.54 centimeters. How many inches are there in
50.8 centimeters?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

21. When you are dividing two decimals, how can you check whether you
have divided the decimals correctly?

128 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

5.4 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON
Online
CORE 6.NS.3 Assessment and
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Use the table for 22 and 23.

Custom Printing Costs

Quantity 25 50 75 100
Mugs $107.25 $195.51 $261.75 $329.00
T-shirts $237.50 $441.00 $637.50 $829.00

22. What is the price per mug for 25 coffee mugs?

23. Find the price per T-shirt for 75 T-shirts.

A movie rental website charges $5.00 per month for membership and
$1.25 per movie.
24. How many movies did Andrew rent this month if this month’s bill was
$16.25?
25. Marissa has $18.50 this month to spend on movie rentals.
a. How many movies can she view this month?
b. Critique Reasoning Marisa thinks she can afford 11 movies in one
month. What mistake could she be making?

Victoria went shopping for ingredients to make a stew. The table shows the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

weight and the cost of each of the ingredients that she bought.

Ingredient Weight (in pounds) Cost

Potatoes 6.3 $7.56
Carrots 8.5 $15.30
Beef 4 $9.56
Bell peppers 2.50 $1.25

26. What is the price for one pound of bell peppers?

27. Which ingredient costs the most per pound?

28. What If? If carrots were $0.50 less per pound, how much would Victoria
have paid for 8.5 pounds of carrots?

Lesson 5.4 129

29. Brenda is planning her birthday party. She wants to have 10.92 liters of
punch, 6.5 gallons of ice cream, 3.9 pounds of fudge, and 25 guests at the
birthday party.
a. Brenda and each guest drink the same amount of punch. How many

liters of punch will each person drink?

b. Brenda and each guest eat the same amount of ice cream. How many

gallons of ice cream will each person eat?

c. Brenda and each guest eat the same amount of fudge. How many

pounds of fudge will each person eat?

To make costumes for a play, Cassidy needs yellow and white fabric that
she will cut into strips. The table shows how many yards of each fabric she
needs, and how much she will pay for those yards.

Fabric Yards Cost

Yellow 12.8 $86.40
White 9.5 $45.60

30. Which costs more per yard, the yellow fabric or the white fabric?

31. Cassidy wants to cut the yellow fabric into strips that are 0.3 yards wide.
How many strips of yellow fabric can Cassidy make?

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING

32. Problem Solving Eight friends purchase various supplies for a camping
trip and agree to share the total cost equally. They spend $85.43 on
food, $32.75 on water, and $239.66 on other items. How much does each
person owe?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

33. Analyze Relationships Constance is saving money to buy a new bicycle
that costs $195.75. She already has $40 saved and plans to save $8 each
week. How many weeks will it take her to save enough money to purchase
the bicycle?

34. Represent Real-World Problems A grocery store sells twelve bottles of

water for $13.80. A convenience store sells ten bottles of water for $11.80.
Which store has the better buy? Explain.

130 Unit 2
 LESSON
Applying Operations
5.5
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
Fluently add, subtract,
multiply, and divide
with Rational multi-digit decimals….

Numbers
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you solve problems involving multiplication
and division of fractions and decimals?

Interpreting a Word Problem

When you solve a word problem involving rational numbers, you often need
to think about the problem to decide which operations to use.

Math On the Spot

EXAMPL 1 Problem
EXAMPLE Solving
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3 my.hrw.com

Naomi earned $54 mowing lawns in two days. She worked 2.5 hours
yesterday and 4.25 hours today. If Naomi was paid the same amount for
every hour she works, how much did she earn per hour?

Analyze Information
Identify the important information.
• Naomi made $54 mowing lawns.
• Naomi worked 2.5 hours yesterday and 4.25 hours today.
• You are asked to find how much she earned per hour.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Corbis Bridge /

Formulate a Plan
• The total amount she earned divided by the total hours she worked
gives the amount she earns per hour.
• Use the expression 54 ÷ (2.5 + 4.25) to find the amount she earned
per hour.

Justify and Evaluate

Solve

Follow the order of operations.

(2.5 + 4.25) = 6.75 Add inside parentheses.

54 ÷ 6.75 = 8 Divide.
Naomi earned $8 per hour mowing lawns.
Alamy

Justify and Evaluate

You added 2.5 and 4.25 first to find the total number of hours worked.
Then you divided 54 by the sum to find the amount earned per hour.

Lesson 5.5 131

 YOUR TURN
1. Casey buys 6.2 yards of blue fabric and 5.4 yards of red fabric. If the blue
Personal and red fabric cost the same amount per yard, and Casey pays $58 for
Math Trainer
Online Assessment all of the fabric, what is the cost per yard?
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Converting Fractions and Decimals

to Solve Problems
Recall that you can use a number line to find equivalent fractions and decimals.
Math On the Spot If a fraction and a decimal are equivalent, they are represented by the same
my.hrw.com point on a number line.

COMMON
EXAMPLE 2 CORE 6.NS.3

Each part of a multipart question on a test is worth the same number of

points. The whole question is worth 37.5 points. Roz got _12 of the parts of
a question correct. How many points did Roz receive?

Solution 1
STEP 1 Convert the decimal to a fraction greater than 1.
1 75
_
2
× 37.5 = _12 × __
2
1
Write 37.5 as 37__
2
75
, or ___
2
.

STEP 2 Multiply. Write the product in simplest form.

2
× 75
1 __
_
2
75
= __
4
= 18 _34 3
Roz received 18__
4
points.

Solution 2

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

STEP 1
Math Talk
Convert the fraction to a decimal.
Mathematical Practices 1
_
2
× 37.5 = 0.5 × 37.5
Do the solutions give
the same result?
Explain.
STEP 2 Multiply.

0.5 × 37.5 = 18.75 Roz received 18.75 points.

YOUR TURN
Personal
Math Trainer 2. The bill for a pizza was $14.50. Charles paid for _53 of the bill. Show two ways
Online Assessment to find how much he paid.
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

132 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

5.5 Guided Practice

1. Bob and Cheryl are taking a road trip that is 188.3 miles. Bob drove _57 of
the total distance. How many miles did Bob drive? (Example 1)

2. The winner of a raffle will receive _34 of the $530.40 raised from raffle ticket
sales. How much money will the winner get? (Example 2)

5.5 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.NS.3 Assessment and
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3. Chanasia has 8.75 gallons of paint. She wants to use _25 of the paint to
paint her living room. How many gallons of paint will Chanasia use?

4. Harold bought 3 pounds of red apples and 4.2 pounds of green

apples from a grocery store, where both kinds of apples are $1.75
a pound. How much did Harold spend on apples?
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Samuel and Jason sell cans to a recycling center that Samuel’s cans Jason’s cans
pays $0.40 per pound of cans. The table shows the Day (pounds) (pounds)
number of pounds of cans that they sold for several days. Monday 16.2 11.5
5. Samuel wants to use his earnings from Monday Tuesday 11.8 10.7
and Tuesday to buy some batteries that cost Wednesday 12.5 7.1
$5.60 each. How many batteries can Samuel buy?
Show your work.

6. Jason wants to use his earnings from Monday and Tuesday for online
movie rentals. The movies cost $2.96 each to rent. How many movies can
Jason rent? Show your work.
Getty Images

7. Multistep Samuel and Jason spend _34 of their combined earnings from
Wednesday to buy a gift. How much do they spend? Is there enough left
over from Wednesday’s earnings to buy a card that costs $3.25? Explain.

Lesson 5.5 133

 8. Multiple Representations Give an example of a problem that could be
solved using the expression 9.5 × (8 + 12.5). Solve your problem.

Tony and Alice are trying to reduce the amount Hours watched Hours watched
of television they watch. For every hour they watch in February in March
television, they have to put $2.50 into savings. The Tony 35.4 18.2
table shows how many hours of television Tony and
Alice 21.8 26.6
Alice have watched in the past two months.

9. Tony wants to use his savings at the end of March to buy video games.
The games cost $35.75 each. How many games can Tony buy?

10. Alice wants to use her savings at the end of the two months to buy
concert tickets. If the tickets cost $17.50 each, how many can she buy?

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

11. Represent Real-World Problems A caterer prepares three times as

many pizzas as she usually prepares for a large party. The caterer usually
prepares 5 pizzas. The caterer also estimates that each party guest will
eat _13 of a pizza. Write an expression that represents this situation. How
many party guests will the pizzas serve?

Nadia charges $7.50 an hour for babysitting. She babysits 18.5 hours the
first week of the month and 20 hours the second week of the month.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

12. Explain the Error To find her total earnings for those two weeks, Nadia
writes 7.5 × 18.5 + 20 = $158.75. Explain her error. Show the correct
solution.

13. What If? Suppose Nadia raises her rate by $0.75 an hour. How many
hours would she need to work to earn the same amount of money she
made in the first two weeks of the month? Explain.

134 Unit 2
 MODULE QUIZ

Ready Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
5.1 Dividing Whole Numbers and Intervention
my.hrw.com
1. Landon is building new bookshelves for his
bookstore’s new mystery section. Each shelf can
hold 34 books. There are 1,265 mystery books.
How many shelves will he need to build?

5.2 Adding and Subtracting Decimals

2. On Saturday Keisha ran 3.218 kilometers. On
Sunday she ran 2.41 kilometers. How much farther
did she run on Saturday than on Sunday?

5.3 Multiplying Decimals

3. Marta walked at 3.9 miles per hour for 0.72 hours.
How far did she walk?

Multiply.
4. 0.07 × 1.22 5. 4.7 × 2.65

5.4 Dividing Decimals

Divide.
6. 64 ÷ 0.4 7. 4.7398 ÷ 0.26

8. 26.73 ÷ 9 9. 4 ÷ 3.2

5.5 Applying Multiplication and Division

of Rational Numbers
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

10. Doors for the small cabinets are 11.5 inches long.
Doors for the large cabinets are 2.3 times as long as
the doors for the small cabinets. How many large
doors can be cut from a board that is 10 _12 feet long?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

11. Describe a real-world situation that could be modeled by dividing two

rational numbers.

Module 5 135
 Module 5 MIXed REVIEW Personal
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Assessment Online

Readiness
Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Selected Response 6. Nelson Middle School raised $19,950 on

ticket sales for its carnival fundraiser last
1. Delia has 493 stamps in her stamp year at $15 per ticket. If the school sells
collection. She can put 16 stamps on each the same number of tickets this year but
page of an album. How many pages can charges $20 per ticket, how much money
she fill completely? will the school make?
A 30 pages C 31 pages A $20,600 C $26,600
B 32 pages D 33 pages B $21,600 D $30,600

2. Sumeet uses 0.4 gallon of gasoline each 7. Keri walks her dog every morning. The
hour mowing lawns. How much gas does length of the walk is 0.55 kilometer on each
he use in 4.2 hours? weekday. On each weekend day, the walk
A 1.68 gallons is 1.4 times as long as a walk on a weekday.
How many kilometers does Keri walk in
B 3.8 gallons one week?
C 13 gallons
A 2.75 kilometers
D 16 gallons
B 3.85 kilometers
3. Sharon spent $3.45 on sunflower seeds. C 4.29 kilometers
The price of sunflower seeds is $0.89 per
D 5.39 kilometers
pound. How many pounds of sunflower
seeds did Sharon buy?
A 3.07 pounds
Mini-Task
B 3.88 pounds 8. To prepare for a wedding, Aiden bought 60
candles. He paid $0.37 for each candle. His
C 4.15 pounds
sister bought 170 candles at a sale where
D 4.34 pounds

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

she paid $0.05 less for each candle than
Aiden did.
4. How many 0.4-liter glasses of water does it
take to fill up a 3.4-liter pitcher? a. How much did Aiden spend on candles?
A 1.36 glasses C 8.2 glasses

B 3.8 glasses D 8.5 glasses
b. How much did Aiden’s sister spend on
5. Each paper clip is _​ 34​of an inch long and candles?
costs $0.02. Exactly enough paper clips are
laid end to end to have a total length of 
36 inches. What is the total cost of these
c. Who spent more on candles? How
paper clips?
much more?
A $0.36 C $0.96

B $0.54 D $1.20

136 Unit 2