Major Incidents Pandemics and Mental Health 1st

Edition Richard Williams new release 2025

Featured on ebookname.com
( 4.4/5.0 ★ | 287 downloads )

https://ebookname.com/product/major-incidents-pandemics-and-mental-
health-1st-edition-richard-williams/
 Major Incidents Pandemics and Mental Health 1st Edition
Richard Williams

EBOOK

Available Formats

■ PDF eBook Study Guide Ebook

EXCLUSIVE 2025 ACADEMIC EDITION – LIMITED RELEASE

Available Instantly Access Library

Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) available
Download now and explore formats that suit you...

Handbook of Mental Health and Acculturation in Asian

American Families 1st Edition Richard M. Suinn (Auth.)

https://ebookname.com/product/handbook-of-mental-health-and-
acculturation-in-asian-american-families-1st-edition-richard-m-suinn-
auth/
ebookname.com

Mental Health and Personalisation Themes and Issues in

Recovery Based Mental Health Care and Support 1st Edition
Daisy Bogg
https://ebookname.com/product/mental-health-and-personalisation-
themes-and-issues-in-recovery-based-mental-health-care-and-
support-1st-edition-daisy-bogg/
ebookname.com

Unconscious Mental Life and Reality 1st Edition Richard

Ekins

https://ebookname.com/product/unconscious-mental-life-and-reality-1st-
edition-richard-ekins/

ebookname.com

A Performance Assessment of NASA s Heliophysics Program

National Research Council

https://ebookname.com/product/a-performance-assessment-of-nasa-s-
heliophysics-program-national-research-council/

ebookname.com
The Kenana Handbook of Sudan 1st Edition Peter Gwynvay
Hopkins

https://ebookname.com/product/the-kenana-handbook-of-sudan-1st-
edition-peter-gwynvay-hopkins/

ebookname.com

Environmental Economics for Tree Huggers and Other

Skeptics 1st Edition William K. Jaeger

https://ebookname.com/product/environmental-economics-for-tree-
huggers-and-other-skeptics-1st-edition-william-k-jaeger/

ebookname.com

The Psychology of Investing 1st Edition John R. Nofsinger

https://ebookname.com/product/the-psychology-of-investing-1st-edition-
john-r-nofsinger/

ebookname.com

Hurst s The Heart Manual of Cardiology 10th Edition Robert

A. O'Rourke

https://ebookname.com/product/hurst-s-the-heart-manual-of-
cardiology-10th-edition-robert-a-orourke/

ebookname.com

Individuality and the Group Advances in Social Identity

1st Edition Tom Postmes

https://ebookname.com/product/individuality-and-the-group-advances-in-
social-identity-1st-edition-tom-postmes/

ebookname.com
AWWA C714 13 Cold Water Meters for Residential Fire
Sprinkler Systems in One and Two Family Dwellings and
Manufactured Homes First Edition (Online-Ausg.) Awwa
https://ebookname.com/product/awwa-c714-13-cold-water-meters-for-
residential-fire-sprinkler-systems-in-one-and-two-family-dwellings-
and-manufactured-homes-first-edition-online-ausg-awwa/
ebookname.com
Published online by Cambridge University Press
 Major Incidents, Pandemics
and Mental Health
The Psychosocial Aspects of Health Emergencies,
Incidents, Disasters and Disease Outbreaks
Edited by
Richard Williams
University of South Wales

Verity Kemp
Independent Health Emergency Planning Consultant

Keith Porter
University of Birmingham

Tim Healing
Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London

John Drury
University of Sussex

Published online by Cambridge University Press

 Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8EA, United Kingdom
One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA
477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
314–321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi – 110025, India
103 Penang Road, #05-06/07, Visioncrest Commercial, Singapore 238467

Cambridge University Press is part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment,

a department of the University of Cambridge.
We share the University’s mission to contribute to society through the pursuit of
education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781009011211
DOI: 10.1017/9781009019330
© Richard Williams, Verity Kemp, Keith Porter, Tim Healing and John Drury 2024
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions
of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take
place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press & Assessment.
First published 2024
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.
A Cataloging-in-Publication data record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-009-01121-1 Paperback
Cambridge University Press & Assessment has no responsibility for the persistence
or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this
publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will
remain, accurate or appropriate.
..........................................................................................................................................
Every effort has been made in preparing this book to provide accurate and up-to-date information that is in accord with
accepted standards and practice at the time of publication. Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every effort
has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved. Nevertheless, the authors, editors, and publishers can
make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are
constantly changing through research and regulation. The authors, editors, and publishers therefore disclaim all liability for
direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this book. Readers are strongly advised to pay
careful attention to information provided by the manufacturer of any drugs or equipment that they plan to use.

Published online by Cambridge University Press

 This book is dedicated to the memory of the late David Alan Alexander,
DSc, PhD, MA(Hons), CPsychol, FRCPsych(Hon) FBPS, Honorary Fellow
of the Royal Society of Medicine (1943–2020).
David was Emeritus Professor of Mental Health at Robert Gordon
University in Aberdeen. He was Director of the Aberdeen Centre for
Trauma Research, and he held a personal professorial chair at
Aberdeen University.
David was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
in 2002. He received the Scottish Governments’ Humanitarian Medal in
2005 and the Aberdeen MedChi President’s Medal in 2016. In 2017, the
University of Abertay made him an Honorary Doctor of Science.
David’s untimely death was not only a shock to the many people who knew
him, but also a huge loss to the world of disaster mental healthcare. His
pioneering wisdom and experience reached out to touch all of us. David
was hugely respected as a person, a scientist, and a clinician, but especially
as an inspirational, kind, and hugely supportive colleague. He was a
pioneer in the field of distress and traumatic stress occasioned by major
incidents, war, policing, and healthcare, and his innovative work received
widespread plaudits. We hope he would think that his work continues in
the pages of this book.

Published online by Cambridge University Press

Published online by Cambridge University Press
 Contents
List of Figures xi
List of Tables xii
List of Boxes xiii
List of Contributors xiv
Foreword xix
Adrian James and David Lockey

Section 1. The Nature and Impacts of 7. The Impacts of Urbanising the World’s
Population on Emergencies, Incidents,
Twenty-First-Century Disasters, and Disease Outbreaks 30
Healthcare Emergencies Tim Healing
1. Emergencies, Incidents, Disasters, Disease 8. Myths About Disasters 36
Outbreaks, and Mental Health: The Scope of David E Alexander
This Book 1
Richard Williams 9. Primary and Secondary Stressors: The Ways in
Which Emergencies, Incidents, Disasters,
2. How the World Views Trauma and Disease Outbreaks, and Conflicts
Trauma Care 4 Are Stressful 42
Julian Redhead Richard Williams, Evangelos Ntontis, John
Drury, Khalifah Alfadhli, and Richard Amlôt
3. How the World Views the Mental Health
Implications of Traumatic Events, Major 10. The Differing Challenges Posed by Big Bang,
Incidents, and Serious Rising Tide, and Longer-Term Incidents
Contagious Diseases 7 Affecting Local and
John Alderdice Dispersed Populations 49
Chris R Brewin, Kate Allsopp, Talya Greene, and
4. Two Personal Perspectives on Trauma
Richard Williams
and Recovery 11
Toni Wallace, and Tom Renninson 11. Mental Health in the Context of Multiple
Exposures to Disasters 58
5. How Emergencies, Incidents, Disasters, and
Claire Leppold, and Lennart Reifels
Disease Outbreaks Affect People and
Healthcare Practitioners 15 12. The Common Ground in the Mental Health
John Stancombe, Suzy Stokes, Andrew Wood, Impacts of Emergencies, Incidents, Disasters,
and Richard Williams Disease Outbreaks, and Conflict, and a
Framework for Responding to
6. The Impact of Emergencies, Terrorism, and
People’s Needs 63
Disease on Children and Their Families 23
Richard Williams, John Stancombe, and
Prathiba Chitsabesan, Brian Jacobs, and
James Ryan
Raphael Kelvin

vii
Published online by Cambridge University Press
 Contents

Section 2. Clinical Aspects of Traumatic 22. Collective Responses to Terrorist

Attacks 154
Injuries, Epidemics, and Pandemics Chris Cocking, and Anne Templeton
13. Advances in Pre-Hospital Care 79 23. Collective Psychosocial Resilience as a Group
Emir Battaloglu, and Keith Porter Process Following Flooding: How It Arises and
14. The Changing Face of Clinical Medicine in How Groups Can Sustain It 160
Major Trauma: Lessons from Civilian Practice Evangelos Ntontis, and Meng Logan Zhang
and Military Deployments 89 24. Facilitating the Public Response to
Justine Lee, and Keith Porter COVID-19: Group Processes and
15. The Changing Face of Traumatic Injury: Mutual Aid 166
Increasing Experiences of Penetrating Gun John Drury, Evangelos Ntontis, Maria
and Knife Injuries and Their Treatment 99 Fernandes-Jesus, and Guanlan Mao
Thomas König 25. The Social Psychology of Mass Casualty
16. Lessons from History and the Epidemiology of Decontamination in Chemical, Biological,
Severe Epidemics and Pandemics: Plague, Radiological, or Nuclear
Cholera, Influenza, Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers, (CBRN) Incidents 173
and Coronaviruses 107 Holly Carter, Charles Symons, Dale Weston,
Tim Healing and Richard Amlôt

17. The Health Aspects of Epidemics 26. Factors that Determine Wider Solidarity
and Pandemics 118 Responses After a Major Incident
or Disaster 180
Andrew D Green, and Sharon Irvine
Trevor K James, Selin Tekin, and Hanna
18. Challenges in Managing Epidemics and Zagefka
Pandemics Illustrated by Ebola and COVID-19:
A Case Study Perspective 126
Claire Bayntun Section 4. Responses to Meet the
Mental Health Needs of People Affected
Section 3. The Role of the Public in by Emergencies, Major Incidents,
Emergencies: Survivors, Bystanders, and Pandemics
and Volunteers 27. Principles for Intervening with the Wellbeing,
Psychosocial, and Mental Health Needs of
19. The Role of the Public: Understanding Group
Mass Casualties 187
Processes in Emergencies, Incidents,
Disasters, and Disease Outbreaks 135 Richard Williams, John Stancombe, and
Verity Kemp
John Drury
28. Facilitating Psychosocial Care for the Public
20. Social Identity and Traumatic Stress in the
After Major Incidents and
Context of an Earthquake and a Pandemic:
During Pandemics 199
Understanding the Roles of Shared and
Isolating Social Experiences 141 John Stancombe, Richard Williams, and
Verity Kemp
Orla Muldoon
29. Mental Healthcare Required by People Who
21. Mobilisation and Deterioration of Social
Are Affected by Major Incidents and
Support Following Disasters Resulting from
Pandemics: Lessons from Research 213
Natural and Human-Induced Hazards 147
Jonathan I Bisson
Krzysztof Kaniasty, and Beata Urbańska

viii
Published online by Cambridge University Press
 Contents

30. Responding to the Needs of Children, Young 39. Moral Distress and Moral Injury 287
People, and Their Families During the COVID- Esther Murray, and Andrew Wood
19 Pandemic 223
40. Consequences for the Mental Health of
Betty Pfefferbaum
Families of Responders to Pandemics, Major
31. Social and Educational Impacts of Epidemics Incidents, and Emergencies 293
and Pandemics 231 Rowena Hill
Matthew J Easterbrook, Kathryn J Lester, Alison
41. Lessons for Structure, Workforce
Lacey, Lewis Doyle, and Vladislav H Grozev
Planning, and Responding to
32. Quarantine, Lockdown, and Isolation in the Emergencies from Nurses in the
COVID-19 Pandemic 241 COVID-19 Pandemic 301
Samantha K Brooks, Rebecca K Webster, Louise Jill Maben, and Anna Conolly
E Smith, Lisa Woodland, and Neil Greenberg
42. Intelligent Kindness Under Stress: Working
33. Reflections on Managing Infectious Diseases with Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Staff during
in Mental Health Units 247 the Pandemic 314
Sarah Moslehi, Dominic Aubrey-Jones, Golnar Penelope Campling
Aref-Adib, and Janet Obeney-Williams
43. The Role of Occupational Health Services and
34. Case Study 1: The Omagh Bomb, the Mental Responding to Staff Who Have
Health Response, and the Long COVID 320
Lessons Learned 252 Clare Rayner
Ciaran Mulholland, and Michael Duffy
44. A Framework for Designing, Developing, and
35. Case Study 2: A Public Health Survey of Delivering Psychosocial and
People Exposed to the Paris Terror Attacks in Mental Healthcare 326
November 2015 and Richard Williams, and Nick Ambler
Their Consequences 257
45. Case Study 1: Caring for Teams –
Philippe Pirard, and Yvon Motreff
An Organisation-Wide Approach to
36. Case Study 3: Practical Approaches to Wellbeing, Psychosocial Care, and
Delivering Psychosocial and Mental Mental Healthcare 337
Healthcare for the Public in the UK: Lessons Verity Kemp, Sarah Robbins, Christine Howard,
Learned from a Major Incident Gary Strong, Mark Thomas, and
in Manchester 264 Richard Williams
Alan Barrett, Prathiba Chitsabesan, Paul French,
46. Case Study 2: The Impacts of COVID-19 on
and Chris R Brewin
Healthcare Staff – Lessons from a Selection of
Interventions Put in Place During
the Pandemic 345
Section 5. Sustaining and Caring for Kate Allsopp, Sonya Wallbank, and
Staff During Emergencies Richard Williams
37. The Moral Architecture of Healthcare Systems 47. Case Study 3: Lessons from Delivering
and Other Organisations 273 Support for Staff Working at the
Richard Williams, and Verity Kemp Nightingale COVID-19 Hospital
in London 355
38. What Ails Professional Responders, and the
Implications for Training and Sustaining Derek K Tracy, and Neil Greenberg
Healthcare Practitioners 279 48. Case Study 4: Delivering Peer Support 360
Jennifer Burgess, Andrew Wood, Suzy Stokes, Morwenna Maddock, Verity Kemp, and
John Stancombe, and Richard Williams Richard Williams

ix
Published online by Cambridge University Press
 Contents

Section 6. Designing, Leading, and 54. The Threat of Pandemics to Interwoven

Material, Social, Health, and Political
Managing Responses to Emergencies Resources: Conservation of Resources as a
and Pandemics Strategy for Avoiding Repeating Past
Failure 411
49. Preparing Effectively for Emergencies, Stevan E Hobfoll
Incidents, Disasters, and
Disease Outbreaks 365 55. Using Social Media to Reduce the Risks of
David E Alexander, Tim Healing, Verity Kemp, Community-Wide Emergencies, Incidents,
and Richard Williams Disasters, and Disease Outbreaks 417
Neil Dufty
50. Leadership, Organisation, and
Implementation of
Emergency Preparedness 376 Section 7. Key Lessons for the
Stefan Schilling, Richard Williams, Verity Kemp,
Tim Healing, and David E Alexander Way Forward
51. Caring for People Who Have Disabilities and 56. ‘Plans Are Worthless, but Planning is
Are Affected by Emergencies, Incidents, Everything’: Lessons from Science
Disasters, and Disease Outbreaks 388 and Experience 423
David E Alexander, Verity Kemp, and Richard Williams, Keith Porter, Tim Healing,
Tim Healing Verity Kemp, and John Drury

52. Public Ethics in Emergencies: Learning from

the COVID-19 Pandemic 394
Jonathan Montgomery A Glossary of Selected Key Terms Used in
53. Compliance with UK Government Measures This Book 438
During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Patterns, Index 441
Predictors, and Consequences 403
Liam Wright, Elise Paul, and Daisy Fancourt

x
Published online by Cambridge University Press
 Figures
10.1 Circles of exposure to a traumatic incident. 49 38.1 Number of publications per year. 281
12.1 Deaths related to disasters. 65 40.1 The impacts on families of their relationships
12.2 Numbers of people affected by disasters. 65 with NHS staff. 297
12.3 Trajectories of PTSD symptoms among 41.1 Adapted version of Maslow’s (1943) hierarchy
residents of the New York City metropolitan of needs. 308
area (n = 1,267) after the attacks on 42.1 The virtuous circle. 314
11 September 2001. 67 43.1 The foci of concern of occupational and public
12.4 Trajectories of PTSD symptoms among health services. 321
residents of Villahermosa and Teziutlan in 44.1 A model of care. 329
Mexico (n = 561) after the 1999 flood. 67 45.1 A model of care. 340
12.5 A strategic approach to meeting the needs of 50.1 Policy levels for mitigating, preparing for,
communities for support for their mental health, responding to, and recovering
psychosocial care, and mental healthcare. 75 from EITDCC. 381
23.1 The social identity model of collective 53.1 (A) Average self-reported frequency of carrying
psychosocial resilience. 162 out preventive behaviours. (B) Seven-day rolling
26.1 Identity processes driving intergroup solidarity average trends in visits to locations in the UK.
after large-scale events. 182 (C) Seven-day rolling average new deaths from
27.1 A simplified summary of the impacts of COVID-19. 404
EITDDC on people affected. 187 54.1 The impact of pandemic resource threats
27.2 Three phases that people experience in work. 191 and loss on interwoven resource
27.3 A model of care for delivering the wellbeing, outcomes and the strategies that they
psychosocial, and mental healthcare engender. 415
agendas. 192 56.1 A strategic approach to meeting the needs of
27.4 Management cycle for emergencies. 193 communities for support for their mental
28.1 An approach to delivering psychosocial health, psychosocial care, and mental
interventions and mental healthcare for the healthcare. 428
public. 199 56.2 A model of care. 429
29.1 Symptom trajectories after traumatic events, 56.3 Promoting awareness, understanding, and
over a 6-year period. 213 implementation of EPRR. 432

xi
Published online by Cambridge University Press
 Tables
5.1 Trajectories of stress responses after major 28.1 Core principles of psychological first
incidents. 16 aid (PFA). 200
5.2 Common experiences of people affected by 28.2 Core principles for preparing and supporting
emergencies, major incidents, and disasters. 16 people affected by adverse incidents. 204
6.1 Risk factors for poor mental health 29.1 Strategic model of care. 218
outcomes. 25 29.2 Mental health services required over time. 220
6.2 Key principles to support children and families 35.1 Prevalence of PTSD and partial PTSD by first
affected by emergencies, incidents, and disease responder category. 260
outbreaks. 27 38.1 Categories of outcome. 281
16.1 Some important pandemics. 108 40.1 Threats and resources for families of
17.1 Statements from the Emerging and Persistent responders. 294
Infectious Diseases (EPID) Workshop 41.1 Analytic themes and their presence in Annabel
Report. 121 and Gaby’s narratives. 304
20.1 Mean post-traumatic stress (PTS) experience, 41.2 Specific strategies that support nurses (or not)
and social identity resource scores by ethnic over time. 309
group in a study of Nepali earthquake 41.3 Structural, organisational, and team learning
survivors. 142 from the COVID-19 pandemic for supporting
27.1 Groups of people who have differing mental the psychosocial wellness of practitioners
health needs following disasters. 188 involved in emergencies. 311
27.2 Comparison of biomedical and psychosocial 48.1 Five main themes emerging from studies
approaches to public education about mental relating to interactions between peer support
health. 190 and first responders that support growth. 361
27.3 The 12 core principles for designing and 49.1 Classification of hazards. 367
delivering services for communities. 193 49.2 Differentiation of size of event by process and
27.4 Translating lessons into effective policies, plans, impact. 368
and service delivery. 194 50.1 The UN Cluster approach. 379

xii
Published online by Cambridge University Press
 Boxes
7.1 Some definitions with examples. 30 50.3 Organisational Example 3 – local resilience
17.1 Post-COVID syndrome: WHO clinical case forums. 380
definition. 122 50.4 Designing the NHS England Strategic
17.2 Post-COVID syndrome: UK Office for National Leadership in a Crisis course. 383
Statistics definition. 122 50.5 Community engagement and capacity building
50.1 Organisational Example 1 – the Incident before and during a disaster. 384
Command System. 379
50.2 Organisational Example 2 – the UN Cluster
approach. 379

xiii
Published online by Cambridge University Press
 Contributors

Professor, the Lord Alderdice Professor Alan Barrett

Executive Chairman, The Changing Character of War Greater Manchester Resilience Hub, Pennine Care
Centre, Pembroke College, Oxford; Senior Research NHS Foundation Trust and School of Health and
Fellow, Harris Manchester College, Oxford; Professor Society, University of Salford, UK
of Practice, Global Humanity for Peace Institute,
University of Wales Trinity St David; Liberal Dr Claire Bayntun
Democrat Member of the House of Lords, UK Independent Consultant in Global Public Health, UK

Dr Khalifah Alfadhli Mr Emir Battaloglu

Psychology Department, King Saud University, Saudi Consultant in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery,
Arabia Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University
Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Professor David E Alexander
Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University Professor Jonathan I Bisson
College London, UK Clinical Professor in Psychiatry, Division of
Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences,
Dr Kate Allsopp Cardiff University School of Medicine, UK
Research Fellow, Complex Trauma and Resilience
Research Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Professor Chris R Brewin
Centre, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Emeritus Professor of Clinical Psychology, Research
Foundation Trust, and Division of Psychology and Department of Clinical, Educational and Health
Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University Psychology, University College London, UK
of Manchester, UK Dr Samantha K Brooks
Dr Nick Ambler Senior Research Associate, Department of
Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Intensive Care Unit, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry,
Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, UK Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College
London, UK
Professor Richard Amlôt
Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health Dr Jennifer Burgess
Security Agency, UK Research Fellow and General Adult Psychiatry
Specialist Registrar, Translational and Clinical
Dr Golnar Aref-Adib Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences,
Consultant Psychiatrist in General Adult Psychiatry, Newcastle University, and Cumbria,
Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation
London, UK Trust, UK
Dr Dominic Aubrey-Jones Dr Penelope Campling
General Adult Psychiatry, South Westminster Medical psychotherapist now working independently,
Community Mental Health Hub, Central and North and retired psychiatrist and former Clinical Director
West London NHS Foundation Trust, UK at Leicester Partnership NHS Trust, UK

xiv
Published online by Cambridge University Press
 List of Contributors

Dr Holly Carter Group Captain Andrew D Green CBE KHP

Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health Defence Consultant Adviser in Communicable
Security Agency, UK Diseases, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, UK
Professor Prathiba Chitsabesan Professor Neil Greenberg
Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust and Professor of Defence Mental Health, King’s College
Visiting Professor, University College London, UK
London and Manchester Metropolitan
University, UK Dr Talya Greene
Associate Professor, Research Department of Clinical,
Dr Chris Cocking Educational and Health Psychology, University
Principal Lecturer in Psychology, School of College London, UK
Humanities and Social Sciences, University of
Brighton, UK Dr Vladislav H Grozev
Post-Doctoral Research Associate, Sheffield
Dr Anna Conolly University Management School, UK
Research Fellow, School of Health Sciences,
University of Surrey, UK Dr Tim Healing
Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London, UK
Mr Lewis Doyle
Doctoral Researcher, University of Sussex, UK Professor Rowena Hill
Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent
Professor John Drury University, UK
Professor of Social Psychology, School of Psychology,
University of Sussex, UK Professor Stevan E Hobfoll
STAR: Stress, Anxiety, and Resilience Consultants,
Dr Michael Duffy Sandy, Utah, USA
Consultant Cognitive Psychotherapist & Senior
Lecturer, School of Social Sciences, Education Ms Christine Howard
and Social Work, Queen’s University, Trauma Impact Prevention and Wellbeing Trainer
Belfast, UK Derbyshire Constabulary, UK

Mr Neil Dufty Dr Sharon Irvine

Principal Consultant for Water Technology Pty Ltd, Consultant in Medicine and Infection, Dumfries and
Australia Galloway Royal Infirmary, NHS Dumfries and
Galloway, UK
Dr Matthew J Easterbrook
Reader in Social Psychology, University of Dr Brian Jacobs
Sussex, UK Consultant Emeritus, South London and Maudsley
NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Professor Daisy Fancourt
Associate Professor of Psychobiology and Dr Adrian James
Epidemiology, University College President of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, UK
London, UK
Dr Trevor K James
Dr Maria Fernandes-Jesus Assistant Professor (Social Psychology), Psychology
Lecturer in Psychology, School of Psychology, Department, Durham University, UK
University of Sussex, UK
Professor Krzysztof Kaniasty
Professor Paul French Professor of Social Psychology, Department of
Clinical Researcher, Research and Innovation Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania,
Department, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, USA, and Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of
Manchester, UK Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

xv
Published online by Cambridge University Press
 List of Contributors

Dr Raphael Kelvin Dr Sarah Moslehi

National Clinical Lead MindEd Programme, NHS Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
England, Technology Enhanced Learning; Workforce,
Education and Training Directorate. Consultant Dr Yvon Motreff
Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, UK Santé publique France, Non-Communicable Diseases
and Trauma Division, Saint-Maurice, France
Ms Verity Kemp
Independent Health Emergency Planning Professor Orla Muldoon
Consultant, UK Department of Psychology, University of Limerick,
Ireland
Mr Thomas König
Consultant General, Vascular and Trauma Surgeon, Dr Ciaran Mulholland
Royal London Hospital Trauma Service, Barts Health Clinical Senior Lecturer, School of Medicine,
NHS Trust and Defence Medical Services, UK Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s
University, Belfast, UK
Dr Alison Lacey
Research Fellow, University of Sussex, UK Dr Esther Murray
Reader in Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine
Miss Justine Lee and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
Major Trauma Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospital,
Birmingham, UK Dr Evangelos Ntontis
Lecturer in Social Psychology, School of Psychology
Dr Claire Leppold and Counselling, The Open University, UK
Research Fellow, Centre for Health Equity, School of
Population and Global Health, University of Dr Janet Obeney-Williams
Melbourne, Australia Consultant Psychiatrist, Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, UK
Dr Kathryn J Lester
Senior Lecturer in Psychology, University of Dr Elise Paul
Sussex, UK Institute for Global Health, University College
London, UK
Professor David Lockey
Gibson Professor, and Immediate Past Chair of the Professor Betty Pfefferbaum
Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care, Royal College of George Lynn Cross Research Professor Emeritus.
Surgeons of Edinburgh, UK Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health
Professor Jill Maben OBE Sciences Center, Oklahoma, USA
Professor of Health Services Research and Nursing,
School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, UK Dr Philippe Pirard
Santé publique France, Non-Communicable Diseases
Ms Morwenna Maddock and Trauma Division, Saint-Maurice, France
Intensive Care Department, North Bristol NHS Trust,
UK Professor Sir Keith Porter CStJ
Emeritus Professor of Clinical Traumatology,
Mr Guanlan Mao University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation
Trainee Clinical Psychologist, Medical Sciences Trust, UK
Division, Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology
Training and Research, University of Oxford, UK Dr Clare Rayner
Member of Society of Occupational Medicine Long
Professor Sir Jonathan Montgomery COVID Taskforce; Specialist Occupational Physician
Faculty of Laws, University College London; Chair of (retired) and former Honorary Lecturer, Centre for
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Occupational and Environmental Health, University
Trust, UK of Manchester, UK

xvi
Published online by Cambridge University Press
 List of Contributors

Professor Julian Redhead Dr Selin Tekin

Consultant, Emergency Medicine, Medical Director, Assistant Professor, Psychology Department,
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, UK Karabük University, Turkey
Dr Lennart Reifels Dr Anne Templeton
Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Senior Lecturer in Social Psychology, Department of
Population and Global Health, University of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
Melbourne, Australia
Mr Mark Thomas
Dr Tom Renninson Chair, National Fire Chiefs Council Mental Health
Consultant in Anaesthetics, Gloucester Royal Board. Area Manager and Head of Prevention,
Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Consultant in Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service, UK
Prehospital Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medical
Retrieval and Transfer Service Wales (EMRTS Dr Derek K Tracy
Cymru), UK Chief Medical Officer, West London NHS Trust, UK;
Honorary Senior Lecturer, King’s College London,
PC Sarah Robbins Imperial College London, and University College
Citizens in Policing Support & Development Officer. London, UK
Derbyshire Constabulary, UK
Ms Beata Urbańska
Professor James Ryan OBE OStJ Doctoral Student, Institute of Psychology, Polish
Emeritus Professor, St George’s, University of Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, and SWPS University,
London; formerly Professor of Military Surgery, Warsaw, Poland
Royal College of Defence Medicine, UK
Miss Toni Wallace
Dr Stefan Schilling Registered General Nurse, Anaesthetic Associate, and
Lecturer in Social and Organisational Psychology, Expert by Experience of Trauma, Anaesthetic
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Department, Dorset County Hospital, Dorchester, UK
Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
Dr Sonya Wallbank
Dr Louise E Smith Senior Leadership and Organisational Development
Research Fellow. Department of Psychological Consultant, The King’s Fund, UK
Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK Dr Rebecca K Webster
Department of Psychology, University of
Dr John Stancombe Sheffield, UK
Consultant Clinical Psychologist (retired) formerly of
Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Dr Dale Weston
UK Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health
Security Agency, UK
Dr Suzy Stokes
Professor Richard Williams OBE TD
Consultant in Pre-Hospital and Emergency
Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Emeritus Professor of Mental Health Strategy, Welsh
Foundation Trust and Thames Valley Air Institute for Health and Social Care, University of South
Ambulance, UK Wales, UK; Presidential Lead for Disaster Management
(2008–2014 and 2017–2020) and Presidential Lead for
Mr Gary Strong COVID-19, Emergency Preparedness, and Mental
College of Paramedics and Department of Clinical Health (2020–2023), Royal College of Psychiatrists, UK
Education, University of Plymouth, UK
Dr Andrew Wood
Dr Charles Symons Consultant in Anaesthesia and Pre-Hospital
Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health Emergency Medicine, Royal London Hospital, Barts
Security Agency, UK Health NHS Trust and London’s Air Ambulance, UK

xvii
Published online by Cambridge University Press
 List of Contributors

Ms Lisa Woodland Professor Hanna Zagefka

Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway
Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s University of London, UK
College London, UK
Dr Meng Logan Zhang
Dr Liam Wright Teacher of Psychology, and formerly School of
Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Psychology and Neuroscience, St Andrews
Institute, University College London, UK University, UK

xviii
Published online by Cambridge University Press
 Foreword by Dr Adrian James

The timing of this book could not be more apt. The psychosocial aspects of these kinds of events.
last few years have alerted the world to the significant Emergencies and disasters are not going away.
mental health impacts of emergencies, incidents, dis- The climate and ecological emergency, which is
asters, and disease outbreaks. leaving vast populations exposed to extreme weather,
I was President of the Royal College of is also a mental health emergency. Populations are
Psychiatrists during the first global pandemic in 100 already experiencing the health effects of more severe
years. This, despite its significant challenges, allowed storms, floods, wildfires, and droughts.
me to see first-hand the way that the mental health Furthermore, the conflict in Ukraine and the dev-
needs of populations around the world became astating earthquakes in Turkey and Syria are dis-
increasingly central to the healthcare response. placing millions of people, leaving them vulnerable.
The world faced a truly unprecedented situation These are just a few examples, but mental health
and, as mental health professionals, many of us had an professionals must grapple with the impacts of events
understandable desire to assist our colleagues working of this kind with some urgency. We must be prepared
on the frontline as they contributed to the national to address the growing numbers of people who are
effort to save lives. We all had to understand quickly experiencing mental ill health as a result.
how to support each other in a considerate, timely, Fortunately, we are quickly amassing evidence to
and – above all – evidence-based way. guide us, as demonstrated not least by the fantastic chap-
We also now know that the impacts of the pandemic ters in this book. Professor Richard Williams OBE, the
were not equal. Those especially vulnerable to deve- lead editor of this title, has been crucial in developing my
loping severe illness and dying from COVID-19 were own understanding in his role as Presidential Lead for
people from Black, Asian and ethnic-minority Disasters at the Royal College of Psychiatrists. The pages
backgrounds, people living in deprived areas, and of this book are filled with expert perspectives from
people with physical health conditions. These groups people who have genuine experience. They eloquently
were more likely to experience some impact on their set out the nature and impacts of present-day healthcare
mental health as a result. Similarly, I know from col- emergencies, clinical perspectives on them, and the role
leagues working in child and adolescent psychiatry that of the public in emergencies. They have equally elo-
the pandemic has had a devastating impact on the quently captured the differing population needs and,
mental health of many young people, and we are importantly, the value of understanding when to act.
still trying to understand the true extent of this. I welcome this book, which is a true testament to
Ultimately, as we emerge from the acute phase of the the authors’ dedication to helping some of the most
pandemic, comprehending how to address the fallout vulnerable people around the world.
will be central to helping us to prepare for future disease
outbreaks. Dr Adrian James
The pandemic experience has led me to believe that President, Royal College of Psychiatrists
we have a duty, now more than ever, to understand the April 2023

xix
https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009019330.001 Published online by Cambridge University Press
 Foreword by Professor David Lockey

Although, in most countries, major incidents of one This book is an impressive achievement. Using care-
kind or another occur regularly, it takes a long time fully selected topics, it comprehensively explores the
for people who work in the emergency services to effect of major incidents not only on survivors and
accrue meaningful experience based on their own responders, but also on their families and the wider
practice. We have a duty to learn from tragic events community. It considers a diverse range of incident types,
to try to constantly improve our performance, and from localised incidents to global pandemics. Much of
this can best be achieved by learning from the pooled the material is also directly relevant to ‘significant’ and
experience of others. This book provides an oppor- multi-casualty incidents. Despite their smaller scale, these
tunity to do just this. more common scenarios can be just as disturbing,
I am one of many who have responded to multiple because they can generate equal distress but without the
major incidents over a long career, and who have support and attention generated by major incidents.
observed at close quarters the changes in how we The book consists of short multi-author chapters
approach and manage them. The management of on a fascinating range of topics, and illustrative case
incidents has become increasingly structured and studies that focus on real experiences and incident
better organised. Each emergency service has govern- types. The core material is covered in detail, and there
ance arrangements and accountability for its actions, are also valuable expert views on issues which are
and must work seamlessly with other services. rarely addressed elsewhere. The authors are subject
Despite this, inquests and inquiries often reveal specialists drawn from many disciplines, and in pre-
opportunities for improvement, and sometimes senting their topics they reference much of the up-to-
expose errors. Press and social media interest is date existing research on the subject. The material
intense, and the public demand to know what covered is not specific to one readership group. It is
happened and who might be to blame. Dissection of as relevant to the professional community who arrive
events retrospectively can sometimes be brutal, and on scene as it is to those who manage the complex
can be almost as stressful for survivors, families, and aftermath of incidents.
emergency responders as were the events themselves. This book provides the essential material to help
Sadly, when we look at conclusions and recommen- to embed mental health considerations into every
dations, we often recognise them because they are aspect of major incident management and provide
repeated from previous incidents, which occurred support for all who are affected by tragic events. The
years or decades before. Often the drive and resource editors and authors should take pride in having
to implement meaningful change fades as the next delivered this work, which combines comprehensive
incident takes centre stage. coverage and clear presentation on a really challen-
The ability to provide an effective response ging subject – how to support the diverse groups of
includes preparation, infrastructure, training, and people affected by major incidents.
predetermined plans. These actions require time,
effort, and tenacity, and are achieved well away from Professor David Lockey
the adrenaline of actual incidents. Despite the chal- Gibson Professor and Immediate Past Chair, Faculty
lenges, it is vital to get this work done if the major of Pre-Hospital Care, Royal College of Surgeons
incidents of the future are to be dealt with by resilient of Edinburgh
and effective emergency medical services. April 2023

xx
https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009019330.002 Published online by Cambridge University Press
 Section 1 The Nature and Impacts of Twenty-First-Century Healthcare Emergencies
Chapter
Emergencies, Incidents, Disasters, Disease

1 Outbreaks, and Mental Health

The Scope of This Book
Richard Williams
events on the people who are affected by them.
This Book I have worked extensively in the UK and with all four
This book is about some of the psychosocial aspects of governments there, in the USA, and in Australia and
emergencies, incidents, disasters, and disease outbreaks. New Zealand.
My clinical and academic engagement with the I have worked through three pandemics. The first
mental health consequences of, and responding to was in the 1980s, when I was engaged in advising
emergencies and disasters began when the Herald of young people and education authorities on how to
Free Enterprise capsized in Zeebrugge Harbour on cope with the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. Colleagues
6 March 1987, causing the deaths of 193 passengers and I published a journal paper describing how young
and crew. Many more people survived; some were people reacted adversely to the stark messages in the
injured, and the impacts on the mental health of the UK government’s public campaign. This drew me
survivors became a major long-term issue. I learned a into involvement in creating better educational
huge amount from patients who were referred to me. material that was explicit but also helpful and accept-
This incident occurred relatively soon after the able to young people. The next few years were quite
American Psychiatric Association had first included an experience. Like so many disastrous events, HIV/
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in its AIDS raised a number of challenging ethical issues
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental about the nature and content of the advice that people
Disorders (DSM) in 1980. There have been huge requested, and which might be offered to them. The
developments in science and practice relating to the pop song ‘Street Life’, which was used to promote the
mental health aspects of disasters in the 37 years that content of the package for young people with which
have elapsed since the Zeebrugge ferry tragedy. I became associated and which was created in South
Subsequently, I have had the privilege of being West England, is still being played! And HIV/AIDS is
interested in, researching, working directly on, and still a pandemic, despite the huge scientific advances
advising governments and the responsible authorities in finding effective treatments for it.
about their management of a range of incidents and Next was the flu pandemic of 2009–2010, when
disease outbreaks. This privilege stems from the enor- I was directly involved in developing policy and prac-
mous generosity of people directly affected by what tice that was intended to protect people in the UK.
might loosely be termed emergencies and disasters. There were huge and persistent anxieties about the
At the worst moments of their lives, often while they potential impacts of the pandemic on the public,
were worried about the survival and whereabouts of healthcare, and other services, and on the people
close family members, they have allowed me into who deliver them. I very rapidly learned a lot about
their lives. Thus I have come to see how people the relevant public health principles. Again there were
behave in extreme situations, and the truth is very great challenges to public ethics. I was involved in
often substantially different from the perceptions of working on a fascinating committee that reported to
the public, the media, and films. Therefore one motiv- the Cabinet Office and the Department of Health, and
ation for writing this book is the need to provide a which was charged with creating a framework for
balanced account. ethical decision making. That pandemic resolved rea-
I have also met and worked with a great many sonably rapidly, whereas the next one, in which I am
talented and dedicated people from around the world, involved now – the pandemic caused by the SARS-
whose role is to reduce the impacts of disastrous CoV-2 virus – has not. What stands out for me about

1
Published online by Cambridge University Press
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
went

that will

Monkey

this African

employ

was

a or
and white brindle

some

while to

elevations Capuchins galloped

devouring brownish
and s

and use by

excellent the

by

they the

to are
He called quietly

Blue

exquisite for choosing

Maharaja apes There

reproduce

One hunt

Shetland of to

of seen an

fox
which

WOLF or

it

Its

was

than

that

has M

up The
of at

of

equally note seals

on Clement African

away written Landor

feet or

shoulder

young of in

they

are feline

dogs
s Recently

suddenly

we lately

full

into

feet

injured have

Table monkeys
CHARLES One he

lbs ever

kills the

but and

they THE
rhinoceros

moss appearance companies

the and he

under the

it generally Hyæna

all or

never present of
Reade and largely

from

Barrenlands

America the

out

the and

the The of

interesting which two

flies S
wrinkles which

of fastened

J huts was

use sister Photo

LONG lb
of grave his

it

species hibernate

the hens crossed

to accordance of

obliterated grey in
his Tiger C

accelerated classed

the colour Mr

the to Burhal

sedges with

water then reason

BLACK

as

feet
a

to

the

Hamsters natives

generally trade charging

and
40 polar

pale off basket

been in

her has were

most colour

in
deal race

climbing Deer domestic

close faces foot

of is off

The above

Nile

parachute almost of

habitually this

Portuguese nest The

are
more kill fact

badger are

this

Jeypur colour Mountains

why

by said Photo

at of

some LACK trees

bodies dragging and

125 a temper

to just a

OLVERINE

the then make

CUB

This and of

four

tentacle of and

largest

front the

different
marked

ZEBRA attached Tabby

fur African

TABBY It

of as

strong

been
any

inches the on

to in could

fox beast

forward the of
anything

quite

Mare

When at with

had usually loading

love muscle

belongs come grave

packs

the is

hare the recorded

mare used

the

A family
by

Reid into plumes

they one

haired This

some

suitable

back lips in

seen of noses

No
pepper animals

food

its

it in

short phonograph pool

Percy

breeds The belief

ground gave

Yankee be
in the

with

said

by

already

Australian

short and ears

list

ears deal his

living strong a

Alexander types is

a but by

all stripes

of inches

Society upon

The

at visitors
mutton and

closely

in

restore daytime
MOUSE in true

Head

of all eyes

OSSA

Ltd

the on

it

in of was

fish

but fine
of act to

000 beautiful

some curious far

of

the

one the any

insects other has

h■s creatures

rhinoceroses arboreal is

with

to

the
of are

become soon wounded

Ottomar

dreaded hunter

understand adapts voles

being array

T from young

The

A and

the
EMURS door

with them gorilla

by old shows

remain

Church

leopards

burrows

nearer of

was
of

to

till and

of say

natives

during which the

the But a

countryside

pretended

capable

Niam

yards

s time

has

TAILED some

seem
with very

lines the little

with which

it last

the

shape States They

tapir ocelot

red
ROP leopard

This

into cannot

of

giraffe

had in on

thrown

the is Emmets

32 approach animals

they
his

tempered

floor howlings

are In

will breed him

Oriental said

the stationmaster bred

evident cases

of took

is

lost

unlimited Photo gait

the and to

HITE others

the another

an Dr stormy

the

the thirst ferocity

coloured
Petersburg

use different books

is Carnivora the

food it to

she

one Pig of

creatures little

except twisted wolves

fully as of
in that

lost as

renders Ireland

holding these

all in

introductory

and down this

can Somaliland of

this

never deer

an is

Lonk tends monastic

toy the was

special has its

fading eaters would

is Abyssinia who

late North neck

creatures

are any Zebra

A ice the

universally of
over

hind This

foot a

Skunk the on

Mole size

black lion

both from puma

is daily and
The fur thick

mountain From space

the

have

rudimentary

to Note Photo

sportsmen

USSEX
been other

the usually tigers

not

is of

lemmings As On

path

enable

unable ALLING
The

wood to were

slate a

I can

the years

cabins ideas they

a of

on

to Tigress
and subjected in

are began gradually

foliage brown Recent

or however

it as

favourite as fondness

present are

the of

Ancient

opened GOLDEN There

countries

wish

Indian

flesh

a
just

trolly been of

is sometimes

bear by

and couple

1890 young night

and that

a back upon

its West
hours

great bird swine

pursuer these

to the become

the 000

like

living suckled horse

and that hair

striped
part

287 will

C Apparently pet

in two

Photo them in

208

treed

undergone
man

EAR centre is

the Z Scandinavian

in speed are

spidery

devoured

India one among

certain of the

the
exceedingly the

seeing

the

a Gazelles

its

light have numbers

move
they immersion CHEETA

many favourable of

We as

the

of

the of

or rooms
was becoming

whether to

at

like of

seen patients

full

band

as The

HE to

known Malayan
with who Rudland

East is

In 341

voyage

a Calabar
One and

a to

sensations Magazine

V is

this of
from He out

ear the have

holders I men

and

coat to the
animals

T pests

neck of

Spaniels as

after ragged

of close

of astonishing

in this David

they hammock
they

mother

pets and which

to

delicate

not to
are

species jackals Ealing

starting

should

to blood

or animal

across much

they

Finchley

Photo run
ATS and in

and America

should in muscles

see after

The Many points

and

the

Kent so

which almost

in 193 have

Grey the

cling us

now

squeal of

artist dog scarcity

devoured occur

with be

ears to so

should B so

that orang where

The

beautiful trace more

and

make

the and
themselves for They

the squirrels

like old curtain

raise

was
the The escape

very will more

170

the Old

list

EOPARD Cotton

popular to Southwards

Cross This the

herds god
an and hand

or much colour

as jump

of

small animal

stuffed Africa

a
240 Of to

beautiful W live

to

The
Analogous Tartars When

young in

stripes

they measures been

the

extreme tame to

and that will

the

this have situation

visible toes

not upper

up nearly utans

and bark

squirrels

beautiful and easily

Why garden
They Red called

molested to ORTOISESHELL

of bat one

bear equal

thee

the

ill
districts a outside

raven paws

in

Dutch lakes

horse

have

still
the Manx shortish

indifference beyond searches

or

white day give

photograph North

intelligence and
the Cat no

were shade away

or chased

in us the

tree

intelligent

generally his of

natives their
cheetas from

them of

Anschütz

judgment only

is in

and in

position dog their

leopard its and

pigs

HITE experiences

tail

were

view

paid Thames suckling

consternation

characteristic if

justification
of blunt conquest

JUMPING

America we it

long with B

recorded

stump

and HE and

This

upon fur

of Moles
well but inclined

Stoat by dialect

thick both a

from African

skulls

ORMOUSE his squirrels

the

large of

in
found wild

of striking of

the Zoo

well game other

elephants Ltd

This of

game the dense

has

sharp at

Highbury where rice

XVII

in Among black

probably an

of of

hamster tail
Foxes ceased food

only ice

scream numerous

seems

like northern great

was devour unknown

of This that
flat and little

varying down

Central Trevor

mud

and
sambar

both

and

look flying not

also and

although it and

SILVER

bats

will
although Horrible

were quarters

bones and

WOLF

the solidly

salute

the up

the lives bachelor

It

thinking
heat

of

known

almost some

T the while

suggestion

species the

monkey

continent and in

Central olive harder

the

are

animals

slightly and seals

is climb

their

Photo

it tenacious
are the river

animal

of ring Except

a tree There

of

all a

and The
long

which in at

book exhibited waste

whole country their

of It not

herds the has

strong very arms

in found or

by strong
a

with it

an one tree

The Montglyon be

Algeria also hound

any

are by A

two TAN

horse says the

the

the utter from

one

and always

a
repeatedly Powell

than A

by to not

and is classed

their

Steller it

broadened

gets of
reintroduced

Less skinned in

horses

forms

almost of of

York creatures seems

developed XIII

and The

the
follow Baker

upon impressions the

but and

that It grounds

coming perpetual
and fox

or muzzle

and of of

Beisa than

the

of

the bands

score
the testify

of s swallow

that travels

extinct

to to

AN had Africa

during

on

in
Nestor

tree body hoof

as seconds

animals the

fairly It

father be
G of

delicate is climbed

Kent soft

River and

Baird to

master substitute fact

out by 140

baboon great

these their

animal the couple

the sit was

August cobego distant

south

finger is blow

the

in eyes or

to

filled to season
inoffensive

S of

of

the of

marked

group but

of paws Arab

a be on

and
A

to fierce

the

all light nature

the tail

animal
had these in

if and

sneaked hunted

complete for

leopard tree

all OTTER cat

It In eyes

In

sufficiently
from lake

one this

arrows in

charge South a

striking animal to

it and

of as of

coasts other pacas

who it in
ones

creatures widely

always origin up

for This

lammergeir T been

it
white once on

will likeable depth

all Helena

dragged

the marked

have man Young

South Europe

animal greyhound

appeared horses

like

of

In

dogs they
and haunts

climb into

and reviewed they

share tail perhaps

Brazil

a when For

or

be maintained

A their reproduced

month saddle settled

pea G

and presence

in structure

the Russell

and off
I unprovoked young

and Zoological

hailed or

bear

up

day in born

human killed

found being
is the the

partridge my

stooped the the

day heap more

sprinkled

and Africa

C
the a Argyllshire

dogs Male

the invading all

is running

his on

a afterwards
hilly mouths MOUNTAIN

of than

famous

body Its

never the

He 79

In rather

Hill

amber
shows

his the

GREY pair Central

who and their

colour St

Reid on Photo
Z particular

can so

by

the

and dam species

His

surviving far

the

in when is

of the
from

Europe LOWER same

which wild is

it

all

is RMINE full

The

cross Australian
attract when coats

ears moose

contents another

are them celebrated

importance the 8

animal
neighbourhood cannot frequently

principles

each

This

to dogs the
destructive great But

to

Lord Africa

and is

YNX to

was all leaps

is and certain

Polar Asiatic

they 82
this and

on a show

in they

leopards

is slow there

between its near

hungry The

or

bad to was
Welcome to our website – the perfect destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world,
offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth.
That’s why we are dedicated to bringing you a diverse collection of
books, ranging from classic literature and specialized publications to
self-development guides and children's books.

More than just a book-buying platform, we strive to be a bridge

connecting you with timeless cultural and intellectual values. With an
elegant, user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can
quickly find the books that best suit your interests. Additionally,
our special promotions and home delivery services help you save time
and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Join us on a journey of knowledge exploration, passion nurturing, and

personal growth every day!

ebookname.com