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 UGLY’S
RESIDENTIAL WIRING
Based on the 2020 NEC®

2020
EDITION

JONES & BARTLETT

LEARNING
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Ampacities of Insulated Conductors

Ampacity Correction and Adjustment Factors
Examples
Conductor Sizing for Single-Phase Dwelling Services and Feeders
Examples
Conductor and Equipment Temperature Limitations*
Examples
Voltage-Drop Examples
Conductor Prefixes
Ampacity of Cords—Types S, SJ, SJT, SP, ST
Maximum Number of Conductors in Electrical Metallic Tubing
Maximum Number of Conductors in Rigid Metal Conduit
Maximum Number of Conductors in Rigid PVC Conduit, Schedule 40
Dimensions of Insulated Conductors and Fixture Wires
Dimensions and Percent Area of Conduit and Tubing
Metal Boxes
Volume Required Per Conductor
Box Fill—Summary of Contributing Items
Box Fill Calculation
This Device Box Contains Components and Conductors Requiring Deductions in
Accordance with NEC ® 314.16
Junction Box Sizing
Clear Working Space in Front of Electrical Equipment (Minimum Depth)
Minimum Cover Requirements, 0 to 1000 Volts, Nominal
Residential Grounding Diagrams
This Grounding Electrode System Uses the Metal Frame of a Building, a Ground Ring, a
Concrete-Encased Electrode, a Metal Underground Water Pipe, and a Ground Rod
This Service Equipment Is Grounded to Metal Water Piping Within 5 ft (1.52 m) of Entry
Into a Dwelling
Use a Listed Clamp for Connecting a Grounding Electrode Conductor to an Exposed
Metal Water Pipe
Bonding Jumpers at a Gas-Fired Water Heater Must Be Long Enough to Permit Removal
of the Equipment Without Losing the Integrity of the Grounding Path
The Installation Requirements for Rod and Pipe Electrodes Are Specified in NEC
250.53(A)(4)
Minimum 6 ft (1.8 m) Spacing Between Grounding Electrodes Is Required by NEC
250.53(A)(3)
Concrete-Encased Electrodes Are Often Steel Reinforcing Bars (Rebar)
A Metal Raceway that Contains a Grounding Electrode Conductor Is Required to Be
Bonded to the Conductor at Both Ends by NEC 250.64(E)
Grounding Electrode Selection
Grounding Electrode Conductor for Alternating-Current Systems
Grounded Conductor, Main Bonding Jumper, System Bonding Jumper, and
Supply-Side Bonding Jumper for Alternating-Current Systems
Minimum Size Equipment Grounding Conductors for Grounding Raceway and
Equipment
Grounding Diagram
Connection of Lamp Bases
Raceway Installation Guidelines
Supports for Rigid Metal Conduit
Supports for Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit
Electrical Metallic Tubing—EMT
Offset Bends—Using a Hand-Bender
90-degree Bends—Using a Hand-Bender
Back-to-Back Bends—Using a Hand-Bender
Three-Point Saddle Bends—Using Hand-Bender
Flexible Metal Conduit (FMC) Rules
Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit (LFMC) Rules
Liquidtight Flexible Nonmetal Conduit (LFNC) Rules
Nonmetallic Sheathed Cable: Type NM and NMC—Romex
Article 334 of NEC
NM Cable Rules
Rules for NM Cables and Boxes
Armored Cable: Type AC – BX
Article 320 of NEC®
Armored Cable Rules
Underground Feeder and Branch Circuit Cable: Type UF
Article 340 of NEC ®
Service-Entrance Cable: Types SE and USE
Article 338 of NEC ®
Branch-Circuit Rules
Voltage-Drop Calculation, 2-Wire Circuits
Common Electrical Distribution Systems
120/240-Volt, Single-Phase, Three-Wire System
120/240-Volt, Three-Phase, Four-Wire System (Delta High Leg)
120/208-Volt, Three-Phase, Four-Wire System (Wye Connected)
277/480-Volt, Three-Phase, Four-Wire System (Wye Connected)
Water Heater Circuit Calculation
Standard Ampere Ratings for Fuses and Inverse Time Circuit Breaker Circuits
HVAC Circuits
A Central Heating/Air-conditioning System with One Inside Unit (Furnace) and One
Outside Unit (Compressor) Will Have Two Separate Branch Circuits
Air-Conditioner Wiring
Overcurrent Protection for an Individual Motor Compressor Is Specified in NEC ®
440.22(A). Branch-Circuit Conductor Ampacity Rules Are in NEC 440.32
Air Conditioner Configurations
 These Three Wiring Configurations Can All be Used When the Unit Nameplate Specifies
Fuse Protection
Residential Lamp Types
Lamps Used for Residential Lighting Come in Many Types and Shapes
Lighting Outlets and Switches
Required Lighting Outlets
Switch Control of Lighting Outlets
Switch-Controlled Receptacles
Switch and Receptacle Heights
Track Lighting Rules
Locations
Basement Lighting Guidelines
Hallway Lighting Guidelines
Calculating Cost of Operating an Electrical Appliance
Changing Incandescent Lamp to Energy-Saving Lamp
Single-Pole, Three- and Four-Way Switching
Three-Way Switches Are Used to Control a Load from Two Different Locations
A Single-Pole Switch Controls a Lighting Outlet, with Power Feed at the Outlet
A Single-Pole Switch Controls a Lighting Outlet, with Power Feed at the Switch
Three-Way Switching Can Be Installed with the Power Supply at the First Switch
Three-Way Switching Can Also Operate with the Power Supply at the Load
Three-Way Switching Can Be Wired as Shown with the Power Supply at the Load
between the Two Switches
Four-Way Switching, with the Power Supply at the Last Switch, Allows Control from
Three Locations
Single-Pole, Four-Way Switching
Receptacle Layouts
This Living Room Layout Uses a Floor-Mounted Receptacle Outlet (Six Receptacles Total)
This Living Room Receptacle Layout Has No Floor-Mounted Receptacle Outlet (Eight
Receptacles Total)
Bathroom Wiring
The Bathroom Has One Basin Located Outside the Door to the Rest of the Bathroom
Area
Two Different Arrangements of GFCI-Protected Receptacles Can Be Used in this
Bathroom
A Receptacle in the Location Shown Does Not Satisfy NEC ® 210.52(D) Because It Is
Not “On a Wall or Partition That Is Adjacent to the Basin or Basin Countertop”
Required GFCI Locations
AFCI and Tamper-Resistant Receptacles
Pool Area Receptacles
Receptacle Outlets Around Dwelling-Unit Swimming Pools
Pool Lighting
Luminaires, Lighting Outlets, and Ceiling-Suspended (Paddle) Fans Cannot Be Installed
in the Areas Shown that Surround Outdoor and Indoor Pools
Pool Area Clearances—Overhead Conductors
Recommended Heights for Wall-Mounted Outlets
Conductors for Single-Phase Dwelling Services and Feeders
Single-Family Dwelling—Services
Service Point Location
Service Entrance Bonding
Service-Drop Clearance
Overhead Mobile Home Service
Underground Mobile Home Service
Multi-Family Services
This Illustration Shows Meters and Service Equipment for a Two-Family Dwelling with an
Overhead Service
This Illustration Shows Meters and Panelboards for a Two-Family Dwelling with an
Underground Service. The Panelboards Are Not Required to Be Listed as Service
Equipment
A Meter Pedestal Can Be Used with Underground Service for a Two-Family Dwelling
This Illustration Shows Grounding and Bonding Arrangements for Three Switches That
Are the Disconnecting Means for a Single Service to a Two-Family Dwelling
Types of Appliance Branch Circuits
Applying the Standard Load Calculations
Column 1: General Lighting Load—220.14(J)
Small-Appliance Loads—220.52(A) and (B)
General Lighting Load and Demand Load 1—Table 220.42
Column 2: Special Appliance Loads
Column 2: Special Appliance Loads—Table 220.55, Table 220.54, and 220.53 Cooking
Load and Demand Load 2—Table 220.55
Dryer Loads and Demand Load 3—Table 220.54
Fixed-Appliance Load and Demand Load 4—220.53
Cooking Equipment Loads—Column 2—220.55 and Table 220.55
Fixed Appliance Load—Column 2—220.53
Dryer Load—Column 2—220.54 and Table 220.54
Largest Load Between Heating and Air Conditioning—Column 3—220.60
Largest Motor Load—Column 4—220.50
Applying the Optional Load Calculations
General Loads—220.82
Heat or Air-Conditioning Loads—220.82(C)(1) thru (C)(6)
Column 1—Other Loads—220.82(B)
General Lighting Load—220.82(B)(1)
Small Appliance Load—220.82(B)(2)
Appliance Load—220.82(B)(3) and (B)(4)
Demand Load—220.82(B)
Column 2—Largest Load Between Heating and A/C Load
220.82(C)(1), (C)(2), and (C)(4)
Number of Branch Circuits Calculation
Appliance Load Calculation
Demand Factors for Ranges and Other Cooking Appliances Over 1¾ kW Rating
Neutral Reduction Rules
Residential Neutrals
Neutrals Are One Type of Grounded Conductor
Partial 2020 National Electrical Code Summary for Residential Wiring
Structural Overhangs [110.26(E)(2)(c) Exception]
 GFCI Protection for Personnel [210.8]
GFCI Protection in Dwellings [210.8(A)]
GFCI Protection in Basements [210.8(A)(5)]
GFCI Protection for Indoor Damp and Wet Locations [210.8(A)(11)]
Island and Peninsular Countertops and Work Surfaces [210.52(C)(2)]
Lighting Outlet Controlled by a Listed Wall-Mounted Control Device [210.70]
Point of Control [210.70(C)]
Surge Protection [230.67]
Maximum Number of Disconnects [230.71]
Emergency Disconnects [230.85]
Conductors for General Wiring [Article 310]
Receptacle Orientation Under Sinks [406.5(G)(2)]
Tamper-Resistant Receptacles [406.12]
GFCI Protection for Swimming Pool Motors [680.21(C)]
Pool Pump Motor Replacement [680.21(D)]
Field Terms Versus NEC ® Terms
Plan Symbols
Electrical Symbols
Wiring Diagrams for NEMA Configurations
2-Pole, 2-Wire Non-Grounding 125V
2-Pole, 2-Wire Non-Grounding 250V
2-Pole, 3-Wire Grounding 125V
2-Pole, 3-Wire Grounding 250V
2-Pole, 3-Wire Grounding 277V AC
NEMA Enclosure Types—Nonhazardous Locations
Single-Phase Motors
Split-Phase, Squirrel-Cage, Dual-Voltage Motor
Classes of Single-Phase Motors
Terminal Color Marking
Split-Phase, Squirrel-Cage Motor
Single-Phase Using Standard Three-Phase Starter
Full-Load Current For Single-Phase Alternating Current Motors (Amperes)
Running Overload Units
Motor Branch-Circuit Protective Devices: Maximum Rating or Setting
Motor and Motor Circuit Conductor Protection
General Motor Rules
Circuit Breaker Used for Overload Protection
Single-Phase Transformer Connections
Full-Load Currents for Single-Phase Transformers
Transformer Calculations
Sizing Transformers
Single-Phase Transformers
Single-Phase Transformer Primary and Secondary Amperes
Buck and Boost Transformer Connections
Typical Appliance Power Requirements
Generator Sizing
Generator Sizing Example
Telephone System Protector Installation Rules
Demarcation Point
The Demarcation Point Establishes Responsibility for Installing Telephone Wiring and
Equipment. It Is Similar to the Service Point for Electric Light and Power
Telephone Cable Color Code
66 Block Wiring
Telephone Wiring
Data Cabling Color Code
TIA-606-B
Category 5 Color Code
Typical RJ45 Cat. 5 Jack
Pin/Pair Assignments
Smoke Detector Placement Guidelines
Typical Door Chime
Thermostat Circuit
HVAC Thermostat
Thread Dimensions and Tap Drill Sizes
Tightening Torque
Drilling Speed (RPM)
Sheet Metal Screws
Wood Screws
Strength of Nylon Rope
Allowable Loads—Plastic Anchors: Tension Load in Pounds
Allowed Loads—Concrete Screws: Tension Load in Pounds
Allowable Loads—Expansion Shields: Tension Load in Pounds
Ohm’s Law
Series Circuits
Parallel Circuits
Combination Circuits
Electrical Formulas for Calculating Amperes, Horsepower, Kilowatts, and kVA
U.S. Weights and Measures
Linear Measures
Square Measures
Cubic or Solid Measures
Liquid Measurements
Dry Measure
Weight Measurement (Mass)
Metric System
Prefixes
Linear Measure
Square Measure
Cubic Measure
Measures of Weight
Measures of Capacity
Explanation of Scientific Notation
Useful Conversions/Equivalents
Two-Way Conversion Table
Centigrade and Fahrenheit Thermometer Scales
Fractions
Definitions
To Add or Subtract
To Multiply
To Divide
Equations
Rules
Signs
Electrical Safety Definitions
Who Is Responsible for Electrical Safety?
Lockout–Tagout and Electrically Safe Work Condition
Information Usually Found on an Arc-Flash Equipment Label
Selecting and Using Test Instruments
Single Instrument
Selecting an Appropriate Multimeter
Testing a Multimeter
Common Testing Errors
Using a Multimeter to Measure Voltage
Using a Multimeter to Measure Resistance
Using a Multimeter to Measure Current
Selecting a Clamp-On Ammeter
Testing a Clamp-On Ammeter
Using a Clamp-On Ammeter to Measure Current
Non-contact Voltage Tester
Selecting a Non-contact Voltage Tester
Testing a Non-contact Voltage Tester
Using a Non-contact Voltage Tester
 AMPACITIES OF INSULATED CONDUCTORS
Ampacities of Insulated Conductors with Not More Than Three Current-Carrying
Conductors in Raceway, Cable, or Earth (Directly Buried)
 Description

Notes:
Section 310.15(B) shall be referenced for ampacity correction factors where the ambient
temperature is other than 30°C (86°F).
Section 310.15(C)(1) shall be referenced for more than three current-carrying conductors.
Section 310.16 shall be referenced for conditions of use.
*Section 240.4(D) shall be referenced for conductor overcurrent protection limitations,
except as modified elsewhere in the Code.
See Ugly’s page 3 for Adjustment Examples.
Source: NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, NFPA, Quincy, MA, 2020, Table 310.16, as
modified.
Ampacities of Single-Insulated Conductors in Free Air
 Description

Notes:
Section 310.15(B) shall be referenced for ampacity correction factors where the ambient
temperature is other than 30°C (86°F).
Section 310.17 shall be referenced for conditions of use.
*Section 240.4(D) shall be referenced for conductor overcurrent protection limitations,
except as modified elsewhere in the Code.
Source: NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, NFPA, Quincy, MA, 2020, Table 310.17, as
modified.
 AMPACITY CORRECTION AND ADJUSTMENT
FACTORS
Examples
Ugly’s Residential Wiring page 1 shows ampacity values for not more than three current-
carrying conductors in a raceway or cable and an ambient (surrounding) temperature of
30°C (86°F).
Example 1: A raceway contains three 3 AWG THWN copper conductors for a three-phase
circuit in an ambient temperature of 30°C.
Ugly’s Residential Wiring page 1, 75° column (under Copper) indicates 100 amperes.
Example 2: A raceway contains three 3 AWG THWN copper conductors for a three-phase
circuit at an ambient temperature of 40°C. See page 1, 75°C column (under Copper),
which indicates 100 amperes. This value must be corrected because the ambient
temperature is above 30°C. From NEC Table 310.15(B)(1), the ambient temperature
correction factor for 40°C is 0.88.
100 amperes × 0.88 = 88 amperes = corrected ampacity
Example 3: A raceway contains six 3 AWG THWN copper conductors for two three-phase
circuits at an ambient temperature of 30°C.
According to the table on page 1, the 75°C column (under Copper) indicates 100
amperes. This value must be adjusted for more than three current-carrying conductors.
The table on page 4 requires an adjustment of 80% for four through six current-carrying
conductors.
100 amperes × 80% = 80 amperes. The adjusted ampacity is 80 amperes.
Example 4: A raceway contains six 3 AWG THWN copper conductors for two three-phase
circuits in an ambient temperature of 40°C. These conductors must be corrected for
ambient temperature and adjusted for the number of current-carrying conductors.
According to the table on page 1, the 75° column (under Copper) indicates 100 amperes.
According to NEC Table 310.15(B)(1), the 40°C ambient temperature correction factor is
0.88.
According to the table on page 4, the 4 through 6 conductor factor is 0.80.
100 amperes × 0.88 × 0.80 = 70.4 amperes.
The new derated ampacity is 70 amperes.
Adjustment Factors for More Than Three Current-Carrying Conductors

Number of Current-Carrying Percent of Values in Tables 310.16

Conductors* Through 310.19 as Adjusted for
Ambient Temperature if Necessary
 4–6 80

7–9 70

10–20 50

21–30 45

31–40 40

41 and above 35

Description

*Number of conductors is the total number of conductors, spares included, in the raceway
or cable adjusted in accordance with 310.15(E) and (F).
Source: NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, NFPA, Quincy, MA, 2016, Table 310.15(C)(1).
 CONDUCTOR SIZING FOR Single-Phase
Dwelling Services and Feeders
Single-Phase Dwelling Services and Feeders

Conductor (AWG or kcmil)

Service or Feeder Rating Copper Aluminum or Copper-

(Amperes) Clad Aluminum

100 4 2

110 3 1

125 2 1/0

150 1 2/0

175 1/0 3/0

200 2/0 4/0

225 3/0 250

250 4/0 300

300 250 350

350 350 500

400 400 600

Description

Note: This table is not permitted if adjustment or correction factors are required. Adapted
from NEC® Table 310.12.
Table 310.12 can be used to size service conductors for a one-family dwelling where the
service is single phase and is rated 100 through 400 amperes.
For two-family dwellings, multifamily dwellings, and three-phase electrical systems, see
310.12.
Table 310.12 can be used to size service conductors supplying the entire load associated
with the one-family dwelling.
Table 310.12 can be used to size feeder conductors but those feeder conductors have to
supply the entire load associated with the one-family dwelling.

Examples
What minimum size copper service conductors can be used to supply a 200-ampere, single-
phase, 120/240-volt service for a one-family dwelling? These service conductors will supply
the entire load associated with this dwelling.
In accordance with Table 310.12, 2/0 AWG copper conductors can be installed.
The service for a one-family dwelling will be a 400-ampere, single-phase, 120/240-volt
service. The 400-ampere service will supply two 200-ampere feeders. Which minimum size
copper conductors can be used to supply the 400-ampere service and which minimum size
copper conductors can be used to supply each of the two 200-ampere feeders?
As the 400-ampere service conductors will be supplying the entire load associated with this
one-family dwelling, it is permissible to use Table 310.12. Therefore, 400 kcmil copper
conductors can be used to supply the 400-ampere service. The 200-ampere feeders are not
supplying the entire load associated with this one-family dwelling, so it is not permissible to
use Table 310.12. In accordance with Table 310.16, 3/0 AWG copper conductors have to be
used to supply each of the two 200-ampere feeders.
 CONDUCTOR AND EQUIPMENT
TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS*
Examples
A 145-ampere noncontinuous load will be protected by a 150-ampere circuit breaker that is
labeled for 75°C terminations. It would be permissible to use a 1/0 AWG THWN copper
conductor that has a 75°C insulation rating and has an ampacity of 150 amperes (page 1).
When a THHN (90°C) conductor is connected to a 75°C termination, it is limited to the 75°C
ampacity. Therefore, if a 1 AWG THHN copper conductor with a rating of 145 amperes were
connected to a 75°C terminal, its ampacity would be limited to 130 amperes instead of 150
amperes. Therefore, a 1/0 AWG THHN copper conductor is required (page 1).
If the 145-ampere noncontinuous load listed above uses 1/0 THWN copper conductors
rated for 150 amperes and the conductors are in an ambient temperature of 40°C, the
conductor’s ampacity would have to be corrected for the ambient temperature.
According to NEC Table 310.15(B)(1), the 40°C temperature correction factor = 0.88.
1/0 THWN = 150 amperes × 0.88 = 132 amperes
A 1/0 THWN copper conductor has an ampacity of 132 amperes when the ambient
temperature is 40°C.
As the load is 145 amperes, apply the ambient temperature correction factor to the next
larger size THWN conductor.
2/0 THWN = 175 amperes (from the 75°C column—page 1). 175 amperes × 0.88 = 154
amperes. This size is suitable for the 145-ampere load.
The advantage of using 90°C conductors is that you can apply ampacity derating factors to
the higher 90°C ampacity rating, and it may save you from going to a larger conductor.
1/0 THHN = 170 amperes (from the 90°C column—page 1)
40°C temperature correction factor = 0.91 (90°C column—NEC Table 310.15(B)(1))
170 amperes × 0.91 = 154.7 = 154 amperes
This size is suitable for the 145-ampere load.
This 90°C conductor can be used but can never have a final derated ampacity over the 1/0
THWN 75°C rating of 150 amperes.
You are allowed to use higher-temperature insulated conductors such as THHN (90°C)
conductors on 60°C or 75°C terminals of circuit breakers and equipment, and you are
allowed to correct and/or adjust from the higher value for temperature and number of
conductors, but the final derated ampacity is limited to the 60°C or 75°C terminal insulation
labels.
* See NEC 110.14(C)(1)
 VOLTAGE-DROP EXAMPLES
Typical Voltage-Drop Values Based on Conductor Size and One-Way Length
(75°C Termination and Insulation)

Description

Description

Description
 Description

Description

Description

A two-wire 20-ampere circuit using 12 AWG with a one-way distance of 25 feet

will drop 1.98 volts.
120 volts − 1.98 volts = 118.02 = 118 volts at the load
240 volts − 1.98 volts = 238.02 = 238 volts at the load
 CONDUCTOR PREFIXES
B—Braid (outer)
F—Fixture wire
FEP or FEPB—Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (dry locations over 90°C)
H—(Heat) Operating temperatures up to 75°C (Lack of “H” indicates 60°C)
HH—Operating temperatures up to 90°C
L—Lead jacket (seamless)
MTW—Machine tool wire
N—Nylon jacket, resistant to oil and gas
O—Neoprene jacket
R—Thermoset insulation (examples are rubber and neoprene)
S—Appliance cord
SP—Rubber lamp cord
SPT—Plastic lamp cord
T—(Thermoplastic) Operating temperatures up to 60°C
U—Underground use
W—Moisture resistant
X—Cross-linked synthetic polymer insulation
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