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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Civil War Experiences, 1862-
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Title: Civil War Experiences, 1862-1865

Author: Edward Mott Robbins

Release date: February 13, 2012 [eBook #38859]

Language: English

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EXPERIENCES, 1862-1865 ***
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Civil War Experiences

1862-1865
 CHICKAMAUGA
MISSION RIDGE
BUZZARD ROOST
RESACA
ROME
NEW HOPE CHURCH
KENNESAW MOUNTAIN
PEACH TREE CREEK
ATLANTA
JONESBORO
AVERYSBORO
BENTONVILLE

By
DR. EDWARD M. ROBBINS
Carthage, Illinois, November, 1919

DR. EDWARD MOTT ROBBINS

 CIVIL WAR EXPERIENCES

Enlisted in Capt. John Allen's company June 7th, 1862. Went on

board the steamer "Jennie Whipple" at Dallas City, Sunday morning,
June 15th, and with company went down the Mississippi to Quincy,
Ill., place of rendezvous. On the way an incident occurred which I
cannot pass without mention. When we passed Alexandria, Mo., the
river shore was lined with people and to our ears came the shout,
"Hurrah for Jeff Davis!" and to add to the insult they waved the
black flag in our faces, (which interpreted meant no quarter to
Yankees). Passing on down the river the next town was Canton,
where the same greeting was given us, all of which made us very
indignant to think so near home we should be insulted in such a
manner. I have never had a very favorable opinion of those two
towns since, and while I hope there is more loyalty and patriotism
now than then, I feel that their forefathers put a blot on their little
cities that will never be erased.

At Camp Wood on the 1st day of September, was mustered into

the U. S. service, together with nine other companies, forming the
78th Ill. Vol. Inf. (In casting lots for position in line my company
drew the letter "H" which placed us on the left of the colors, and
Company "C" on the right.) On the 19th day of September we were
put on coal cars with boards laid across for seats, no cover over our
heads; on arrival at destination were put on provost duty for a few
days, until Gen. Buell was equipped for his campaign against Gen.
Bragg. October 5th my regiment was marched to Shepardsville, Ky.,
and on the 14th was divided into detachments under Gen. Gilbert to
guard railroad bridges on the Louisville and Nashville railroad.
December 26th the guerrilla John Morgan, captured Companies B
and C at Muldrose Hill, two and one-half miles from Elizabethtown,
Ky., and they were paroled. On the same raid on the morning of Dec.
30th, Morgan attacked Co. H at New Haven, Ky., and was driven
away without accomplishing his purpose. About the last of January,
1863, the companies were collected at Louisville and embarked on
the steamer "John H. Grosbeck" for Nashville via the Ohio and
Cumberland rivers, arriving at Fort Donelson February 3, 1863, in
time to relieve the 83rd Ill., which was surrounded by a superior
force of Forest's and Wheeler's cavalry. The enemy retired on our
approach and we passed on to Nashville, Tenn., where the regiment
disembarked. The regiment was in the command of Brigadier Gen.
C. C. Gilbert of the Army of Kentucky, under Major General Gordon
Granger, reserve corps commander.

During our stay in Kentucky there were many social features with
the citizens that made our stay among them quite pleasant, one of
which is worthy of mention. As a few of us wished to avail ourselves
of an opportunity to attend a dance to be given by a planter by the
name of Sphink, who sent in to our lines an invitation for about a
half a dozen to come out on a certain night. Of course we were
crazy to go, but how were we to get outside the lines. We decided to
ask the officers for a pass, but this failed. Our officers claimed this
was a plan made up to get a lot of us out there and take us
prisoners, as a lot of Morgan's men were in that vicinity at that time,
and we decided it was all off. But as the time came near for the
event and there was less news of the Rebel General Morgan's near
proximity to us, a few of us Yanks' heels began to tickle for a dance
and a desire to have a chance at the roast turkey that was promised
for the occasion. So we made up our minds that we would take our
chances on getting by the pickets. In the mean time there came a
big snow storm, the heaviest, the natives said, that had ever been
known in Kentucky. It covered the earth to a depth of a little more
than two feet. The night for the party arrived, and not Johnnies,
snow, pickets, nor anything else would have stopped that gang.
During the day we located the guards on picket duty, quite a ways
from the main road, and planned to go as close to them as possible
without attracting their attention, then to drop on our hands and
knees and crawl through the snow to a safe distance on the outside,
which we did, and arrived safely at Mr. Sphink's. We had taken the
precaution to take our side arms with us, for we had seen service
enough to be always on the alert and trust nobody or allow them to
get the drop on us.
When we went into the house almost the first persons we met
were men wearing the gray uniform, and the host introduced them
to us as Confederate soldiers home on furlough. At first we were just
a bit disconcerted until our host assured us that all was on the
square, that we need not fear any trouble, as they were home boys
and had heard of our coming and for us to pitch in and have as good
a time as we could, and we sure did have a fine time, a royal supper,
and not a word was spoken to mar the peace and comfort of
anyone. When we left for camp we shook hands with the Confeds
the same as any one else and bid them goodbye. It was some time
before the officers found out about our going out, in fact not until
we had left Kentucky, consequently we were not disciplined for
having the good time, and leaving the camp without permission.
February 12th the regiment marched to Franklin, Tenn., where it
remained four months. We were diligent in company, battalion and
brigade drill, the first good opportunity we had since enlistment. On
April 11th we were threatened by a heavy force of Van Dorn and
Wheeler cavalry, but no engagement except skirmishing with pickets
and outposts, and on June 4th the enemy made a similar attack on
our outposts with like result.
On June 9th a very unhappy affair occurred—two Confederate
spies entered camp disguised as federal officers, claiming to be
federal paymasters on their way from Murfreesboro via Franklin to
Nashville, but when they were detected they acknowledged being
Confederate officers, but denied being spies. A court martial was
immediately organized, and they were tried and condemned to
death by hanging. They requested to be shot instead, but their
request was not granted and they were hung June 10. They gave
their names as Col. Orton and Lieut. Peters. Col. Orton had been an
officer in the Union army before the war. The 78th constructed the
gallows and furnished the guard.
On June 23rd marched to Trinne and Murfreesboro, Tenn. The
army had now been reorganized and the 78th was assigned to the
brigade of Col. John G. Mitchell in General James B. Stedman's
division reserve corps, under Major General Gordon Granger. We
were glad to exchange Gen. Gilbert for Col. Mitchell, who ably
commanded the brigade from that time, with the exception of a few
months, to the close of the war.
On June 28th moved south from Murfreesboro in the rear of the
general advance against Bragg's army. The brigade entered
Shelbyville, Tenn., July 1st., and camped. While at this place Col.
Benison, the first colonel mustered with the regiment, resigned and
Col. Carter Van Vleck, then lieutenant colonel, was promoted to
colonel of the regiment, a change that pleased not only the line
officers but the men as well. Sept. 6th, 1863, the regiment moved
southward, crossed the Tennessee river, Sept. 12, pursued its march
around Lookout Mountain, and arrived at Rossville, Ga., on Sept. 14,
1863, and for a few days previous to the battle of Chickamauga was
kept on the move day and night, marching, skirmishing, trying to
locate the weak and strong points of the enemy, all signs of an
approaching engagement being visible.
On the 17th of September the division made a reconnaissance to
Ringold, Ga., and there discovered that Longstreet's corps from Lee's
army was reinforcing Bragg. The command was followed closely on
its return from Ringold and at midnight the enemy opened upon us
with artillery, with no damage except the briars we incorporated in
our feet while getting into our clothes and into line of battle.
Unfortunately we had camped where there were some rail fences
which we burned to cook our suppers, and the fence rows were full
of blackberry briars. (My, but I can feel those briars yet.) We stood
to arms until morning. During the commencement of the battle of
Chickamauga, the regiment with the division before Rossville
guarding the road through the gap to Chattanooga. Before noon on
the 20th of September, General Granger, apprehending that Gen.
Thomas needed assistance, double quicked two brigades of our
division to Gen. Thomas' front, which proved a timely assistance to
Gen. Thomas, as Longstreet was getting around the Federal right
and rear. The two brigades (Mitchell's and Whitaker's) were put into
action at once, made a charge on Longstreet and drove him from
the west and south bends of Snodgrass ridge with great loss to both
sides. A monument erected to the 78th on the west end of
Snodgrass ridge, bears a tablet describing the terrible carnage in the
fearful charge. Thirty-seven per cent of the command gave
themselves as a sacrifice for Old Glory in just a few moments. The
adjutant general's report gives the per cent as forty in this awful
charge. The Rebels made three distinct efforts to retake the
positions, but each time were repulsed with heavy loss. In one
attempt to take a battery they were so near that muskets were
clubbed and men beaten over the head in order to prevent the loss
of the six-gun battery. We held the position until after dark, when we
were ordered off the field.
On the march from left to right, I ran across a Rebel who was shot
through the bowels. He was just across the fence, and I did not see
him, until he called and said, "Hello, Yank. Have you any water?" I
said, "Yes, what's the matter with you Johnny?" His answer was, "I
am wounded and waiting to die." I went to him, raked the leaves
away from him (for the whole battlefield was ablaze), emptied part
of the water from my canteen into his, and Dr. Githens gave him a
dose of morphine to relieve his suffering, and left him to die, for he
was wounded through the bowels. This occurred at the north end of
Snodgrass Ridge, just north of the Snodgrass house. As we started
to leave him we started east. We could hear voices just ahead of us,
but the smoke from fire arms, cannon and burning leaves was so
dense we could not see far. But the wounded soldier I had just
befriended called and said, "Hold on, Yank, don't go that way,
Johnnies are thicker than hell just beyond those bushes." I asked
him if he heard troops pass before I came and he said they did but
they turned south down the west side of the ridge. We had gotten
behind, ministering to a Michigan soldier who was wounded in the
same manner the Johnny was. I have mentioned this circumstance
to show the feeling among soldiers when one is put out of action. I
favored the Confederate and he in turn saved me from walking into
the Confederate lines, which I would have done. I went down the
ridge and came up with my command in time to go into the charge
on the west end of the ridge, which we took and a monument marks
the place where we were halted on top of the ridge.
I spent the night with wounded comrades, ministering to them as
best I could to relieve their sufferings. During the afternoon of the
last day's fight, I stepped on Doctor Githens' spur and tore my shoe
in such a manner as to permit small gravel to work between the sole
of my shoe and foot; after the excitement of battle was over and
wounded comrades cared for, I realized I had a very sore foot.
I wish here to relate a very peculiar incident which occurred to Dr.
Githens and my horses. When we started into the fight on the
afternoon of the 20th, we dismounted and turned the horses, with
all of our effects, except the medicine case and surgeon's case of
instruments, to the care of a negro boy we called Jack, and
instructed him to keep in the rear so as to avoid getting lost or being
captured by the Rebels; when night came Jack could not be found,
nor did he show up during the night; morning came and no Jack,
horses, blankets or provisions. I hunted over all that part of the
army but no Jack of the proper dimensions or environments could be
found, so the Doctor and I gave up all hope of finding the outfit. But
to add to the Doctor's discomfort, he had at noon received orders to
report to division headquarters to take charge of an ambulance train
of wounded men, over the mountains, to Bridgeport. We had
exhausted every means we could conceive of, but no Jack, no horses
or anything else could be found, and Dr. Githens started to take
charge of the train without horse or anything that might minister to
his personal comfort, not even so much as a blanket or cracker. As I
turned to leave him, to my great astonishment Jack and the horses
loomed in front of me. I turned and called Dr. Githens, and then said
to Jack, "For heaven's sake, Jack, where did you come from?"
"Massa Ed, fo de Lod, I done can't tell you. Wh's you alls been. I
done hunt all over dis heah whole country, been in with the
Johnnies." I said, "Why did they not take the horses from you?"
"Don't know, Sah, dwey done pay no tenshun to me and I just kep
on going until heah I is." And I said, "Just in time, too, for the
Doctor wants his horse." I have often wished I knew what became
of that coon, for he was a dandy.
Rosecrans placed his army around Chattanooga and expected
Bragg would continue the battle, but he seemed to have enough, so
all he did was to place Rosecrans army in siege, thinking it easier to
starve us out than to whip us. So he placed a force on Lookout
Mountain, which cut us off from our base of supplies and from the
22nd of September until the 25th of November, my regiment, with
others of the division, camped on Stringer's Ridge, immediately
north and across the Tennessee river from Lookout Mountain, and
directly west and across the river from Chattanooga. We occupied
this position until the night of the 24th of November. During the
interim from Sept. 22nd until the 25th of November, Bragg's siege
was so effective that men suffered for food and thousands of horses
and mules died for want of forage.
In the early part of October the brigade went over into Sequatchie
Valley, to help pursue Wheeler, who was destroying our supply train.
October 9th, 1863, Mitchell's brigade was put into Brigadier General
Jeff C. Davis' division, and was called 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 14th
army corps, where we served until the close of the war. Our corps
badge was an acorn—red one for first, white for second and blue for
third division.
About 2 a.m., October 27th, we in company with the rest of the
brigade, crossed the Tennessee river below Lookout Mountain, on a
pontoon bridge, to the assistance of the Potomac troops, who were
coming to the support of the Army of the Cumberland, and the
enemy were trying to prevent their advance by assaulting Gen Gray's
division. The darkness was akin to blackness, and the volleys of
musketry, together with the roar of cannon, rendered the night one
long to be remembered. This battle in the night is known as the
battle of Wauhatchie.
On the afternoon of November 24, 1863, our attention was
attracted to Lookout Mountain, which was ablaze with artillery and
musketry. The battle of Lookout Mountain was on, and we had it in
full view without participating in it, and as the blue advanced and
the gray fell back, leaving their breast-works, camp, camp equipage,
artillery, in fact everything that goes to equip an army, the scene
being enacted filled us so full that we, too, indulged in a hearty, long
and loud cheer, which was all we could do as the Tennessee river
was between them and us. However, it was soon over and in a short
time we received orders to break camp, which we did and left
Stringer's Ridge the night of the 24th, crossed the Tennessee river
north of Chattanooga and near the north end of Missionary Ridge,
on a pontoon bridge, which we constructed after relieving the Rebel
pickets. We went in line of battle, connecting with the 15th Corps
and by the middle of the day the enemy had been dislodged from
their stronghold (Missionary Ridge) and were in full retreat, with us
annoying their rear guard. These two days, November 24th and
25th, were red letter days for the U. S. forces. Lookout Mountain and
Missionary Ridge were ours, besides a large number of prisoners and
many stand of arms, a large amount of artillery, and the enemy in
full retreat.
But our task was not done. Gen. Burnside was besieged at
Knoxville, Tennessee, his supplies of all kinds were nearly exhausted,
so we were ordered to his relief by forced marches, which was no
small task for an army that had just raised a siege of its own and as
yet had no opportunity to draw either rations or clothing. Many of us
were without blankets, very scant clothing and but few had shoes
and many were compelled while on that march to cut pieces of
green cow skin and with strings from the same material sew them
on their feet to protect them from the rough, stony and frozen
roads. But we were ordered to go, and went. Early on the morning
of the 26th of November, we pursued the enemy and before noon
reached Bragg's depot of supplies, (Chickamauga Station) in time to
see it destroyed by fire. At dark overtook the enemy and had a sharp
skirmish in which Lieutenant McAndless of Co. I was killed. We
carried him into a cabin and covered him with his blanket. While we
were preparing for the night, the faithful Jack, spoken of before,
came in with a chicken and we proceeded to cook it and have a
supper out of the general order of things. But I assure you there was
no levity, for our dead comrade was lying cold and stiff in our midst.
Early in the morning we dug a hole as best we could, wrapped our
comrade in his blanket and covered him over, found a piece of board
and marked it as best we could by carving the letters of his name,
with a pocket-knife. (Since the war I visited the National Cemetery
at Chattanooga and was gratified to see his name on file. His
remains had been found and placed in the National Cemetery.)
On December 5th, at Maryville, we learned that Longstreet had
raised the siege and relieved Burnside. December 7th we
countermarched and returned to Chattanooga, arriving December
17th, and encamped December 20th with the brigade at Rossville,
Georgia, where the regiment went into winter quarters.
The Adjutant General's report on the march to Knoxville, has the
following to say: "The march was a very severe one, as the men
were poorly clad, having just emerged from the battle of Missionary
Ridge, and many being without shoes or proper clothing. They were
also without rations and were obliged to subsist on the country
which already had been nearly devastated, hence many suffered
from hunger as well as exposure."
Sherman complimented Davis' Division on its good behavior on
this march. (The 78th was in the above Division.)
We remained in camp at Rossville until the commencement of the
Atlanta campaign. On the 2nd day of May, 1864, we broke camp and
the battle was on again and the enemy were forced into their works
at Buzzard Roost and Dalton. They were flanked out of Dalton and
May 13th, finds the regiment in line of battle in front of Resaca.
From now on we were scarcely out of hearing of gun shot or
cannon. Resaca and Rome, Georgia, were taken and the Rebel line
was constantly being driven back, until the 27th of June, when Gen.
Sherman determined to make a grand assault on Kennesaw
Mountain. The brigade to which we belonged was massed in front of
the Rebel entrenchments and at 9 a.m., on the 27th of June, the
command jumped the works on a charge to capture the enemy's
entrenchments. The brigade was received with a rattling fire of both
musketry and artillery, which was deadly. The assault was a failure,
because of the entrenchments being deep and wide and the dirt
being thrown upon the Rebel side of the ditch, and a head log on
top, which made it impossible to scale in face of the deadly fire; the
enemy were pouring into us, but the brigade maintained a position
within seventy or one hundred feet of the enemy's works, and that
night entrenched itself. The loss in the charge was very great. A day
or two after, by common consent, hostilities ceased, and details from
each side buried the dead between the lines. On the morning of July
4th it was discovered that the enemy had abandoned their works the
night before, and we immediately followed them, skirmishing with
them constantly until July 17th, when we crossed the Chattahoochee
river and at Peachtree creek had quite an engagement just at
sundown. Comrade Samuel Naylor of Co. E of my regiment, was
wounded. From this wound he suffered all the rest of his life, and
still many begrudged him the insignificant pension he got. Samuel
Naylor, attorney, of Carthage, is his son. There were many more
casualties in my regiment, as we were on the skirmish line. After
heavy skirmishing we forced the Rebels into their Atlanta
intrenchments.
On the morning of the 22nd of July the battle of Atlanta was
fought which was a peculiar and unfortunate affair for both armies
as nothing was accomplished by either army that benefited them in
the least. It was brought about by a strategic movement on the part
of the Rebel forces. They evacuated their works in the night,
deceiving the Federal forces, causing them to think that they had
evacuated Atlanta, which was not the case, as the Confederates
marched east around the left flank of the Federal forces and
attacked the Federal forces in the rear. When skirmishing first
commenced Major General McPherson, with his staff rode back in
the direction of the firing and rode into an ambush of Confederates
which arose as one man and demanded him to surrender, which he
refused to do, and was shot off his horse; his staff were taken
prisoners, but in twenty minutes we retook the staff and put their
captors under guard. Four 20-lb. Parot guns with muzzles planted in
the ground, mark the spot where General McPherson fell.
July 28th the command was ordered to assist Gen. Howard and
we kept moving to the right round Atlanta, skirmishing, fighting and
building works until August 25th. Aug. 23rd our colonel, Carter Van
Vleck, died from wounds received in front of Atlanta. He was much
beloved by us all. Aug. 26th, abandoned the works in front of
Atlanta and struck south, skirmishing as usual. On Sept. 1st,
assaulted the enemy's works at Jonesboro, Georgia, and after a
desperate resistance, mounted their works, capturing men, cannon
and battle flags, performing a feat that was not often equalled on
either side during the war. The regiment did not lose more men than
at Kennesaw but the result was far more gratifying.
I must not pass without mentioning some circumstances which
occurred during this battle. Soon after we crossed the fence and
entered the open field, Capt. Black of Co. D of the 78th, was shot
and instantly killed. Capt. Black was from Carthage, Ill. Lieutenant
John B. Worrell took command of the company and was afterwards
promoted to captain. He was father of Bertha Worrell, now Mrs.
Bertha Seger, and was as brave a man as ever faced the enemy, and
was loved by his men and all who knew him. With him it was never
go, but come on, boys. He was wounded at Chickamauga. When we
had charged about half way across the field, the officers saw that
owing to the enemy's line of works, the charging line would not all
get to the enemy's line at the same time, so a halt was ordered,
guides thrown out and the charging line ordered to dress on the
guides. This movement was executed under a galling fire from the
Rebel line. The coolness with which this maneuver was executed, I
have heard commented on, many times since the war. But I think it
was the most trying ordeal I ever experienced during my three years
of service. When the battle line was properly dressed, the command
forward came and we went forward with a yell that sent terror to
our opponents and we carried the line, taking a battery of six guns
and many prisoners, among whom was a general and staff officers,
taken by Thos. Brodes of Co. I. After he had relieved them of their
arms he addressed the general and said, "General, I took a good
many chances on your arrest with your staff." The general said, "I
don't know, why do you say that?" "Because my gun was empty. I
fired my last shot as I entered your works." This private, Tom
Brodes, was the son of Major Wm. L. Brodes, who was killed at
Chickamauga, almost a year before. Among the killed was a young
man who belonged to Co. K, Perry Lashore. His death was a willing
and willful sacrifice for his country. He was visiting friends in Quincy
when he enlisted and he being the only son of aged parents, they at
once set about to get him discharged. He enlisted in June, 1862, and
the battle of Jonesboro was fought the first of September, 1864. His
discharge came in the morning and was handed to him by his
captain, and he said, "Captain, what would you do if you were in my
place, go into this fight or not?" The captain's reply was, "You don't
have to go, you have always been a good soldier, and we all know
the circumstances under which your discharge was obtained, and it
is for your father's and mother's sake. This will undoubtedly be a
hard battle, and were I in your place I would turn in my musket and
take no chances." The members of his company by this time had
gathered around him and all urged him not to take the chance. But
his answer was, "I have been lucky for two years, never had a
wound, and I believe I will be now, and I am going with you." Which
he did, but never reached the enemy's works.
Atlanta was evacuated on the 2nd of September, 1864, and our
regiment camped on the outskirts of the city. On this (known as the
Atlanta campaign) the regiment was hardly out of the sound of guns
any day during the entire period from May 2nd, 1864, to the fall of
Atlanta, Sept. 1st, 1864.